EP1824998A1 - Methode d'adressage d'acides nucleiques vers des plastes - Google Patents
Methode d'adressage d'acides nucleiques vers des plastesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1824998A1 EP1824998A1 EP05822884A EP05822884A EP1824998A1 EP 1824998 A1 EP1824998 A1 EP 1824998A1 EP 05822884 A EP05822884 A EP 05822884A EP 05822884 A EP05822884 A EP 05822884A EP 1824998 A1 EP1824998 A1 EP 1824998A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protein
- seq
- rna
- nucleic acid
- plastid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8216—Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8201—Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation
- C12N15/8214—Plastid transformation
Definitions
- the invention relates to nucleic acid sequences naturally imported into a plant cell plastid, and their use for targeting an RNA sequence of interest to a plant cell plastid, thus allowing expression in particular. of a protein of interest in a plant cell plastid.
- subcellular mRNA localization is a key mechanism for directing gene products to individual subcellular compartments, or to specific regions of a cell or embryo, constituting thus an important mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
- This phenomenon of mRNA localization occurs in both unicellular organisms, animals and plants. Mechanisms that may contribute to this subcellular location of mRNA have been reviewed by Kloc et al. (2002).
- Plastids are semi-autonomous organelles that exhibit great structural diversity and contain unique biosynthetic pathways.
- chloroplasts are thought to be from an endosymbiosis between a photosynthetic bacterium and a eukaryotic cell. The proper functioning of this association requires a high level of integration between the chloroplast genome and the cellular genome of the plant.
- Many chloroplast genes have been transferred to the nucleus of the host cell and the proteins encoded by these genes are then imported into the chloroplast (Martin and Herrmann 1998, Joyard et al. Chloroplast activity also regulates the expression of these genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels (Surpin et al., 2002, Petracek et al., 1997).
- plastid function is highly dependent on proteins that are encoded in the nucleus, translated into the cytoplasm, and imported into plastids. Indeed, most of the genes encoding plastid proteins are nuclear and the proteins are translocated to plastids through a protein import machinery contained in the membrane of the plastid envelope. Surprisingly, the importation of RNA molecules from the nucleus or cytoplasm of the host cell to plastids has never been observed, despite the recognized role of RNA localization in the regulation of gene expression.
- RNA sequences serving for the translocation of the genes in the chloroplasts are transformed with a CLS (Chloroplast Localization Sequence) of viral origin whose sequences are preferentially chosen from the sequences of the ASBVd, PLMVd, CChMVd, CChMVd or still ELVd and are never untransformed and / or endogenous RNA sequences as in the present invention.
- CLS Chloroplast Localization Sequence
- RNAs transcribed in the plant cell nucleus can be translocated to plastids, in particular to chloroplasts.
- RNA of interest can be specifically addressed to a plant cell plastid by fusing this RNA of interest with a transcript of a nuclear gene detected in the plastids.
- the transformation of plant cells with such a construction therefore makes it possible to translocate the RNA of interest to a plastid, then to express in the plastid the protein encoded by this RNA of interest.
- the mRNA addressing mechanism to plastids identified by the inventors thus represents an alternative to the transformation of the plastid genome, in particular the chloroplast genome, used until now for a directed production of recombinant proteins in these organelles.
- nucleic acid means a phosphate ester of a polymeric form of ribonucleosides (adenosine, guanosine, uridine or cytidine, "RNA molecules”) or of deoxyribonucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxythymidine, gold).
- deoxycytidine; "DNA molecules”) or any phosphoester analogue thereof, such as phosphorothioates and thioesters, in single-stranded or double-stranded form.
- An "addressing nucleic acid” is a DNA or RNA molecule whose transcribed sequence is that of a gene which is localized in the nucleus of a plant cell (ie a nuclear gene) and which produces by transcription a messenger RNA (mRNA) which is translocated from the nucleus to a plastid of said plant cell.
- mRNA messenger RNA
- transcribed sequence refers to an RNA sequence that is obtainable by transcription of a DNA sequence, or that has the sequence of a reference RNA sequence.
- the addressing nucleic acid is a DNA molecule
- the transcribed sequence is an mRNA sequence that derives from the sequence of the DNA molecule. If the nucleic acid of addressing is already an RNA molecule, the transcribed sequence is that of the RNA molecule.
- An addressing nucleic acid is therefore characterized by a transcribed sequence which is that of an mRNA of a nuclear gene, said mRNA being naturally detectable in a plastid of a plant cell.
- Said mRNA may have a predominantly cytoplasmic localization, a predominantly plastid localization, or be localized in equivalent amounts in the cytoplasm and in a plastid of the cell.
- said mRNA has a predominantly plastid localization; its concentration in a plastid is then greater than its cytoplasmic concentration.
- Said addressing nucleic acid is then characterized by a transcribed sequence which is that of an mRNA of a nuclear gene, said mRNA being characterized by a concentration in a plastid greater than its cytoplasmic concentration.
- a "nucleic acid of interest” designates a DNA or RNA molecule whose transcribed sequence is to be addressed (if it is a DNA molecule) or that it is desired to address (if it is an RNA molecule) to a plastid of a plant cell.
- Plasti an ovoid or spherical organelle a few microns long and delimited by a double membrane or envelope. Plasti are specific to plant cells and some Protists. These organelles have the role of synthesis and or storage of molecules. Plasti include the chloroplast which is the organelle in which photosynthesis takes place, the amyloplast where starch is stored, the etioplast in non-chlorophyllous tissues such as roots, the gerontoplast present in senescent tissues , the chromosplast that accumulates the pigments, and the proplast which is at the origin of the other plastids.
- the inventors have demonstrated that, in plant cells, the mRNAs of certain nuclear genes have a subcellular localization at the level of plastids. These results show that there is a mechanism of translocation of mRNA from the nucleus and / or the cytosol of the plant cells to the plastids. In addition, constructs comprising such mRNA fused with a nucleic acid sequence of interest are also found at the plastid level. These results thus show that the transcripts of these nuclear genes constitute sequences of addressing towards plast ⁇ s.
- nuclear genes having a transcript localized in plastids is particularly useful for translocating nucleic acid sequences of interest, particularly RNA sequences, to specific subcellular plastid compartments.
- the invention therefore relates to a method of addressing an RNA of interest to a plastid of a plant cell, said method comprising the transformation of a plant cell with a nucleic acid of interest linked to a nucleic acid of addressing whose transcribed sequence is that of an mRNA of a nuclear gene, said mRNA being detectable in a plastid.
- the nucleic acid for addressing has, for the sequence transcribed, the sequence of an mRNA of a nuclear gene that is endogenous to said plant cell.
- the plastid may be selected from the group consisting of chloroplast, amyloplast, etioplast, gerontoplast, chromosplast and proplast.
- said plastid is a chloroplast.
- a given mRNA in a plastid of a plant cell is within the abilities of those skilled in the art.
- extraction of plastid RNAs isolated from plant cells can be performed, and the presence of a given mRNA can be sought by hybridization with a probe specific for the mRNA.
- the amount of mRNA isolated in a plastid can be compared to the quantity present in the rest of the cell, ie the cytosol and all the organelles other than the plastid (s) considered (s). ), or the amount present in total RNAs extracted from whole cells (cytoplasmic concentration).
- said mRNA is characterized by a concentration in a plastid greater than its cytoplasmic concentration.
- the concentration in a plastid of said mRNA is at least 2 times greater than its cytoplasmic concentration.
- the determination of the respective concentrations of the mRNA in the plastid and the cytoplasm can be carried out according to the methods described in the present application.
- the inventors have thus identified, by an on-chip screening study, a reproducible list of highly enriched nuclear messengers in the plastid fractions, in particular chloroplasts, of plant cells.
- These mRNAs, as well as the genomic DNA sequences or the cDNAs of these nuclear genes - once transcribed - therefore constitute nucleic acids making it possible to address an RNA to which they are linked to a plastid compartment.
- an addressing nucleic acid according to the invention has a DNA or RNA sequence whose transcribed sequence is that of an mRNA of a nuclear gene selected from the group consisting of one of the identified genes. in one of Tables I 1 II, III, or IV.
- TAIR Access Numbers is the gene access number identified in the Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) database (http://www.arabidopsis.org) that was formed from the sequencing of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. . Board
- At5g47250 disease resistance protein (CC-NBS-LRR class), putative domain signature CC-NBS-LRR exists, suggestive of a disease resistance protein.
- CC-NBS-LRR class At5g47250 disease resistance protein
- putative domain signature CC-NBS-LRR exists, suggestive of a disease resistance protein.
- At5g16770 myb DNA binding protein (AtMYB9)
- At4g 16920 disease resistance protein TIR-NBS-LRR class
- putative domain signature TIR-NBS-LRR exists, suggestive of a disease resistance protein
- At4g23030 MATE efflux protein - related contains Pfam profile PF01554: Uncharacterized membrane protein family
- At4g1 O51 O subtilisin-like serine protease contains similarity to subtilase; SP1 Gl: 9957714 from [Oryza sativa]
- At3g 13290 transducin / WD-40 repeat protein family contains 2 WD-40 repeats (PF00400); autoantigen HUMAUTANT locus (GI: 533202) [Homo sapiens] and autoantigen locus HSU17474 (Gl: 596134) [Homo sapiens]
- At5g08520 expressed protein contains similarity to l-box binding factor
- At4g07340 contains similarity to Xenopus laevis replication protein A1 (SW: RFA 1 XENLA) At5g47790 expressed protein
- At5g56160 cytosolic factor family (phosphoglyceride transfer protein family) similar to SEC14 cytosolic factor (SRP45816) [Candida lipolytica]
- At3g59200 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At1g26930 Kelch repeat containing F-box protein family contains Pfar ⁇ rPF01344 Kelch motif, Pfam: PF00646 F-box domain
- At1g53290 galactosyltransferase family contains Pfam profile: PF01762
- RNA Recognition Pattern (RNA Recognition Pattern) (RRM)
- At3g61510 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase putative similar to ACC synthases from Citrus sinensis [Gl: 6434142], Cucumis melo [GI: 695402], Cucumis sativus [Gl: 3641645]
- At3g46020 RNA-binding protein, putative similar to Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein CIRP) from ⁇ Homo sapiens ⁇ SP
- At3g20280 expressed protein contains Pfam profile: PF00628 PHD-finger, implications for chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation
- At4g 13650 pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein contains Pfam profile PF01535: PPR repeat
- At4g13810 disease resistance protein family contains leucine rich-repeat domains Pfam: PF00560, INTERPRO: IPR001611; similar to disease resistance protein [Lycopersicon esculentum] gi
- At5g04220 C2 domain-containing protein GC donor splice site at exon 3; similar to Ca2 + - dependent lipid-binding protein (CLB1) GI: 2789434 from [Lycopersicon esculentum] '
- At5g07650 formin homology 2 (FH2) domain-containing protein contains formin homology 2 domain, Pfam: PF02128
- At5g60060 F-box protein family various predicted proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana; SKP1 interacting partner 2 (SKIP2) TIGR_Ath1: At5g67250
- At5g14070 glutaredoxin protein family contains INTERPRO Domain IPR002109, Glutaredoxin (thioltransferase)
- auxin response transcription factor 7 identical to auxin response factor 7 Gl: 4104929 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At1g61960 expressed protein similar to hypothetical protein G1: 5541664 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At2g14630 hypothetical protein contains PFAM profile PF03004: Transposase plant (Ptta / En / Spm family)
- At5g16230 acyl-racyl-carrier-proteinini desaturase (stearoyl-ACP desaturase).
- putative N c access Description (homologous genes identified in other organisms) TAIR
- At5g53210 bHLH protein family contains similarity to helix-loop-helix DNA-binding protein
- At5g51030 short-chain dehydrogenase / reductase family protein contains INTERPRO family IPR002198 short chain dehydrogenase / reductase SDR family
- At5g67540 glycosyl hydrolase family 43 contains similarity to xylanase Gl: 2645416 from [Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus]
- At5g50030 expressed protein contains similarity to pollen specific protein Bnm1 Brassica napus Gl: 1857671; contains Pfam profile PF04043: Plant invertase / pectin methylesterase inhibitor
- At5g05190 expressed protein similar to
- At2g33530 serine carboxypeptidase -related
- At2g43690 receptor kinase kinase putative similar to receptor-like kinase LECRK1 [Arabidopsis thaliana] gi
- UIpI protease family contains Pfam profile PF02902: UIpI protease family, C-terminal catalytic domain
- At1g52700 hypothetical protein contains similarity to lysophospholipase GI: 1552244 from [Rattus norvegicus] '
- At1g50980 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At2g 14520 CBS domain containing protein contains Pfam profiles PF00571: Domain CBS, PF01595: Domain of unknown function
- At2g19190 light repressible protein kinase receptor putative similar to light repressible Access # Description (homologous genes identified in other organisms) TAIR
- At1g12190 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- WAK-like kinase contains similarity to serine / threonine kinase gb
- At4g04400 hypothetical protein contains Pfam profile PF03384: Drosophila protein of unknown function, DUF287
- At2g46740 FAD-linked oxidoreductase family strong similarity to At1g32300, At5g56490, At2g46750, At2g46760; contains PFQ1565: FAD binding domain
- At1g62630 disease resistance protein (CC-NBS-LRR class), putative domain signature CC-NBS-LRR exists, suggestive of a disease resistance protein.
- At4g28630 ABC carry family protein identical to half-molecule ABC carry ATM 1 Gl: 9964117 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- AtCg00320 trnfM tRNA-Phe
- At1g04070 expressed a protein similar to the hypothetical mitochondrial import receptor subunit Z98597 from S. pombe. ESTs gb
- At1g78100 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At1g34300 expressed protein contains similarity to receptor-like protein kinase Gl: 6979335 from [Qryza sativa]
- At2g22290 GTP-binding protein putative similar to GTP-binding protein GI: 550072 from Homo sapiens
- At3g24230 polysaccharide lyase family 1 (pectate lyase) similar to pectate iyase GP: 14531296 from [Fragaria x ananassaj
- RNA-binding protein putative similar to RNA-binding protein from- [Nicotiana tabacum] Gl: 15822703, [Nicotiana sylvestris] Gl: 624925; contains Pfam profile: PF00076 RNA pattern recognition, (aka RRM, RBD, or RNP domain) Access # Description (homologous genes identified in other organisms) TAIR region-binding protein [Homo sapiens] Gl: 12642795; contains Pfam profile PF00856: SET domain
- At4g22170 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At4g30680 MA3 domain-containing protein similar to SP
- At4g26660 expressed probable protein kinesin - Arabidopsis thaliana, Pir2: H71402
- At4g33400 Dem-defused protein Dem (defective embryo and meristems) protein - Lycopersicon esculentum, PID: e321604
- At4g24050 short-chain dehydrogenase / reductase family protein contains INTERPRO family IPR002198 short-chain dehydrogenase / reductase (SDR) superfamily
- At5g03180 C3HC4-type zinc finger protein family various predicted proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana; contains Pfam profile PF00097: Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finqer)
- At5g65310 homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-5 (HD-Zip protein ATHB-5) single to homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-5 (HD-ZIP protein ATHB-5) (SP: P46667) [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At5g59940 CHP-rich zinc finger protein putative large number of predicted zinc finger proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana, Homo sapiens and others
- At2g03820 nonsense-mediated m RNA decay protein -related
- At5g44750 expressed protein contains DNA-damage-inducible protein P
- At2g24950 hypothetical protein contains Pfam profile PF03080: Arabidopsis proteins of unknown function
- At3g14517 pseudogene similar to L1 repeat, subfamily Tf, member 30 (LINE-element) [Mus musculus] (GB: NP_038605)
- At1g56110 nucleolar protein Nop56 putative similar to XNop56 protein [Xenopus laevis] Gl: 14799394; contains PFam profile PF01798: Putative snoRNA binding domain
- At5g66910 disease resistance protein DC-NBS-LRR class
- putative domain signature Access # Description homologous genes identified in other organisms
- At1g64460 phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinase family contains PFAM profile PF00454: Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinase
- At2g47490 mitochondrial carrier protein family contains Pfam profile: PF0Q153 mitochondrial carrier protein
- At3g24700 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At3g46160 protein kinase-related contains eukaryotic protein kinase domain, INTERPRO: 1PR000719
- At3g43200 pseudogenic, putative protein predicted proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
- At3g10970 haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase [Zea mays] Gl: 10444400; contains interPro accession IPR005834: Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase
- At3g11320 phosphate translocator-related low similarity to phosphoenolpyruvate / phosphate translocator precursor [Mesembryanthemum crystallinum] G1: 9295275, phosphate translocator [Nicotiana tabacum] GI: 403023; contains Pfam profile: PF00892 Integra! pro membrane?
- At4g27680_ expressed protein MSP1 protein Saccharomyces cerevisia, PIR2: A49506 At4g00670 hypothetical protein
- At5g09560 RNA binding proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana
- At5g47290 myb family transcription factor contains PFAM profile: PF00249 myb-like DNA binding domain
- At1g21310 extensin family protein contains extensin-like region, Pfam: PF04554
- acyl CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase
- At3g23280 auxin-regulated protein contains Pfam profile: PF00023 ankyrin repeat
- At1g31150 expressed protein IS gb
- At1g55550 kinesin-related protein Similar to Kinesin proteins; Contains kinesin motor domain protein pattern and kinesin heavy chain signature pattern
- At2g14810 hypothetical protein At2g31470 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At3g06400 DNA-dependent ATPase, putative similar to DNA-dependent ATPase SNF2H Mus musculus GI: 14028669; contains Pfam profiles PF00271: Helicase conserved C-terminal domain, PF00176: SNF2 family N-terminal domain, PF00249: Myb-like DNA-binding domain
- At3g04430 No apical meristem (NAM) protein family similar to CUC1 (GP: 12060422) ⁇ Arabidopsis thaliana ⁇
- At2g39880 myb family transcription factor contains Pfam profile: PF00249 myb-like DNA-binding domain
- At2g44210 expressed protein Pfam profile PF03080 Arabidopsis proteins of unknown function
- At4g10040 cytochrome c several cytochrome c plant (for instance cucurbit, PIR1: CCPU)
- At5g54130 calcium-binding E-hand family protein contains I NTERPRO: IPR002048 calcium-binding EF-hand domain
- At5g 16530 auxin efflux carrier protein family contains auxin efflux carrier domain, Pfam: PF03547
- At1g51150 DegP protease contains similarity to DegP2 protease Gl: 13172275 from [Arabidopsis thaiiana]
- Nicotinamine synthase putative similar to Nicotinamine synthase [Lycopersicon esculentum] [GI: 4753801], Nicotinamine synthase 2 [Hordeum
- At1g80300 adenine nucleotide translocase identical to adenine nucleotide translocase GB-.Z49227 [Thalianal Arabidopsis (FEBS Lett 374 (3), 351-355 (1995))
- At1g17260 ATPase 10 membrane-type plasma (proton pump 10) (proton-exporting ATPase), putative strong similarity to SP
- At3g27690 light harvesting chlorophyll A / B binding protein putative similar to chlorophyll A- Access # Description (homologous genes identified in other organisms) TAIR
- At1g06380 expressed protein similar to hypothetical protein Gl: 6598642 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- GSA 2 glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase 2
- GSA-AT 2 glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase 2
- GSA 1 At5g63570 glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2.1-aminomutase 1 (GSA 1) (glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase 1) (GSA-AT 1) identical to GSA 1 [SP]
- At5g44020 vegetative storage protein-related
- At1g12170 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- RNA helicase / RNAsell1 CAF protein [Arabidopsis thaliana] GI: 6102610; contains PFAM profiles PF00270: DEAD / DEAH box helicase, PF00271: Helicase conserved C-terminal domain
- At1g55570 pectinesterase pectin methylesterase family similar to pectinesterase [Lycopersicon esculentum] [GI: 1944575]; BP10 protein [SP l At1g14000 protein kinase -related
- At2g47460 Myb family transcription factor similar to myb-related DNA-binding protein Gl: 1020155 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- Atomic acid induced protein (TWA) (TWA) (TWA) (TWA) (TWA) (TWA) (TWA) (TWA) (TLC) (TLC) (SEQ ID NO: 1) [SEQ ID NO: 1] [Phaseolus aureus]
- At2g36840 ACT domain-containing protein contains Pfam profile ACT domain PF01842
- At2g37080 myosin heavy chain -related
- At3g21933 pseudogene contains Pfam profile: PF01657 Domain of unknown function
- At3g 17470 calcium-binding EF-hand family protein contains INTERPRO: IPR002048 calcium-binding EF-hand domain
- vacuolar ATP synthase subunit E related similar to vacuolar ATP synthase subunit E GB: Q39258 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At4g 15040 subtilisin-like serine protease contains similarity to prepro-cucumizin GI: 807698 from [Cucumis melo] __
- At5g54310 ARF GAP-like zinc finger-containing protein (ZIGA3) almost identical to ARF GAP-like zinc finger-containing protein ZIGA3 Gl: 10441352 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At4g13510 ammonium transport protein (AMT1) At4g13510 ammonium transport protein (AMT1)
- At4g02630 protein kinase family contains protein kinase domain-, Pfam: PF00069; contains serine / threonine protein kinase domain, INTERPRO: IPR002290
- Kelch repeat-containing protein low similarity to mgB protein, Dictyostelium discoideum, PIR: S68824; contains Pfam profile PF01344: Kelch pattern
- At1g80050 adenine phosphoribosyltransferase almost identical to adenine phosphoribosyltransferase GI: 1402894 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At1g03590 protein phosphatase 2C similar to GB: AAB97706
- At2g33580 protein kinase -related contains a protein kinase domain profile (PDOC00100)
- At3g09600 myb family transcription factor contains Pfam profile: PF00249 myb-like DNA-binding domain
- RNA Recognition Pattern (RRM) - containing protein contains InterPro entry 1PR000504: RNA-binding Region RNP-1 (RNA Recognition Pattern) (RRM)
- At3g61510 1-aminocyclopropane-i-carboxylate synthase (ACC synthase), putative similar to ACC synthases from Citrus sinensis [Gl: 6434142], Cucumis melo [GI: 695402], Cucumis sativus [Gl: 3641645]
- At3g46020 RNA-binding protein, putative similar to Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein CIRP) from ⁇ Homo sapiens ⁇ SP
- At4g 13650 pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein contains Pfam profile PF01535: PPR repeat
- At5g04220 C2 domain-containing protein GC donor splice site at exon 3; similar to Ca2 + - dependent lipid-binding protein (CLB1) Gl: 2789434 from [Lycopersicon esculentum]
- auxin response transcription factor 7 identical to auxin response factor 7 Gl: 4104929 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At1g61960 expressed protein similar to hypothetical protein G1: 5541664 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At2g 14630 hypothetical protein contains PFAM profile PF03004: Transposase plant (Ptta / En / Spm family)
- At5g 16230 acyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase (stearoyl-ACP desaturase), putative similar to Acyl- [acyl-carrier protein] desaturase from Spinacia oleracea SP
- At1g22170 expressed protein contains similarity to phosphoglycerate mutases
- At3g49400 transducin / WD-40 repeat protein family contains 4 WD-40 repeats (PF00400); low similarity (47%) to Agamous-like MADS box protein AGL5 (SP: P29385) ⁇ Arabidopsis thaliana ⁇
- At1g22210 trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, putative similar to trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (AtTPPB) GI: 2944180 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]; contains Pfam profile PF02358: Trehalose phosphatase
- At1g08100 high-affinity nitrate carry ACH2 identical to GB: AAC35884 from N 'of access Description (homologous genes identified in other organisms) TAIR
- At5g59640 serine / threonine-specific protein kinase - like putative protein serine / threonine kinase, Sorghum bicolor, EMBLSBRLK1
- At5g42910 ABA-responsive element binding protein
- At3g42480 Hypothetical protein hypothetical proteins - Arabidopsis thaliana
- At4g24530 PsRTI 7-1 like protein PsRTI 7-1, Pisum sativum (pea), PATX: G1778376
- WAK-like kinase contains similarity to serine / threonine kinase gb
- At4g04400 hypothetical protein contains Pfam profile PF03384: Drosophila protein of unknown function, DUF287
- At2g46740 FAD-linked oxidoreductase family strong similarity to At1g32300, At5g56490, At2g46750, At2g46760; contains PF01565: FAD binding domain
- At1g62630 disease resistance protein (CC-NBS-LRR class), putative domain signature CC-NBS-LRR exists, suggestive of a disease resistance protein.
- At4g28630 ABC carry family protein identical to half-molecule ABC carry ATM 1 Gl: 9964117 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At1g04070 expressed a protein similar to the hypothetical mitochondrial import receptor subunit Z98597 from S. pombe. ESTs gb
- At1g78100 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At1g11220 expressed protein contains similarity to a cotton fiber expressed protein GB-.AAC33276 from [Gossypium hirsutum]
- At2g22290 GTP-binding protein putative similar to GTP-binding protein G1: 550072 from [Homo sapiens]
- At2g45280 RAD51 C DNA repair protein -related
- At3g46170 short chain dehydrogenase / reductase family protein contains similarity to 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier protein] reductase SP: P51831 from [Bacillus subtilis]
- At2g32430 galactosyltransferase family contains Pfam profile: PF01762 galactosyltransferase
- At1q03060 putataive transport protein Similar to gb
- At1g16190 DNA repair protein RAD23 putative similar to DNA repair by nucleotide excision (NER) RAD23 protein, isoform II Gl: 1914685 from [Daucus carota]
- At5g66020 hypothetical non-consensus protein AT donor splice site at exon 7, TA donor splice site at exon 10, AT acceptor splice at exon 13, strong similarity to unknown protein
- At2g43420 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / isomerase family contains Pfam profile PF01073 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / isomerase domain; similar to NAD (P) -dependent steroid dehydrogenase from Homo sapiens [SP]
- At3g52200 dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (LTA3); nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein annotation based on on supporting cDNA gi
- RNA pattern recognition - containing protein low similarity to splicing factor SC35 [Arabidopsis thaliana] Gl: 9843653; contains InterPro entry IPR000504: RNA-binding region RNP-1 (RNA recognition pattern) (RRM)
- At3g06270 protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), putative similar to protein phosphatase-2C (PP2C) GB: AAC36699 [Mesembryanthemum crystallinum]; contains Pfam orofile: PF00481 protein phosphatase 2C
- At3g61600 POZ domain protein family contains Pfam PF00651: BTB / POZ domain; contains Interpro IPR000210 / PS50097: BTBB / POZ domain; TOZOBI (Gl: 12006855) [Arabidopsis thaliana]; similar to actinfilin ((31: 21667852) [Rattus norv?
- At5g44040 expressed protein similar to unknown protein
- At5g41060 DHHC-type zinc finger domain-containing protein contains Pfam profile N 0 Access Description (homologous genes identified in other organisms) TAIR
- DHHC-type zinc finger domain-containing protein contains PFAM profile PF01529: DHHC zinc finqer domain
- At1g23460 polygalacturonase putative similar to polygalacturonase GB: BAA88472 G 1: 6624205 from (Cucumis sativus)
- At2g41040 expressed protein at2g15050 lipid transfer protein putative similar to SP
- At3g20030 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At4g26660 expressed probable protein kinesin - Arabidopsis thaliana, Pir2: H71402
- At4g37710 expressed protein predicted protein Arabidopsis thaliana
- At5g59940 CHP-rich zinc finger protein putative large number of predicted zinc finger proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana, Homo sapiens and others
- cytochrome P450 putative similar to cytochrome P450 (CYP93A1) GI: 1435059 from [Glycine max]
- At1g55880 pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, beta family similar to SP
- leucine rich repeat protein family contains leucine rich-repeat (LRR) Pfam domains: PF00560, INTERPRO: IPR001611; similar to Hcr2-0B [Lycopersicon esculentum] gi
- At3g04460 expressed protein similar to peroxisomal biogenesis factor 12 GB: NP_000277 [Homo sapiens]
- At4g07770 pseudogene similar to L1 repeat, subfamily Tf, member 30 (LINE-element) [Mus musculus] (GB: NP_038605)
- At2g43640 signal recognition particle protein 14kD, ATSRP14 -related
- At5g49270 expressed protein contains similarity to phytochelatin synthetase
- At1g37045 an Arabidopsis thaliana hypothetical protein, which contains similarity to retrotransposon Athila (UK: AF076275) -related temporary automated functional assignment
- At5g61700 ABC carry family protein ABC family carrier, Entamoeba histolytica, EMBL ⁇ H058
- At1g31150 expressed protein IS gb
- At1g55550 kinesin-related protein Similar to Kinesin proteins; Contains kinesin motor domain protein pattern and kinesin heavy chain signature pattern
- AtPase SNF2H ATPase putative similar to DNA-dependent ATPase [Mus musculus] GI: 14028669; contains Pfam profiles PF00271: Helicase conserved C-terminal domain, PF00176: SNF2 family N-terminal domain, PF00249: Myb-like DNA-binding domain
- At3g 16360 two-component phosphorelay mediator -related similar to two-component phosphorelay mediators (ATHP1-3) GB: BAA37110, GB: BAA37111, GB: BAA37112 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At5g42130 mitochondrial carrier protein family contains Pfam profile: PF00153 mitochondrial carrier protein
- At5g40220 MADS-box protein MADS-protein box, Arabidopsis thaliana, EMBLATY12776
- At1g18120 pseudogenic, putative myrosinase-associated protein
- UIpI protease family contains Pfam profile PF02902: UIpI protease family, C-terminal catalytic domain; Similar To At5g28170, At1g35110, At1g44880, At3g42530, At4g19320, At5g36020, At3g43010, At2g10350
- At1g06520 phospholipid / glycerol acyltransferase family contains Pfam profile PF01553: Acyltransferase
- At1g54550 F-box protein family contains Pfam: PF00646 F-box domain; contains TIGRFAM TIGR01640: F-box protein interaction domain
- At4g30300 ABC carry family protein ribonuclease L inhibitor - Mus musculus, PIR2: JC6555
- At5g 12970 C2 domain-containing protein contains INTERPRO: IPR000008 C2 domain
- At5g 13080 WRKY family transcription factor DNA binding protein - Solanum tuberosum, EMBLAJ278507
- At5g43270 squamosa promoter binding protein-related 2 (emb
- At1g54760 MADS-box protein similar to MADS-box transcription factor Gl: 4837612 from [Antirrhinum majus]
- At5g 15650 reversibly glycosylated polypeptide-3
- At3g05240 pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein contains Pfam profile PF01535: PPR repeat
- ERD3 protein [Arabidopsis thaliana] Gl: 15320410; contains Pfam profile PF03141: Putative methyltransferase
- At2g27240 expressed protein contains Pfam profile PF01027: Uncharacterized protein family UPF0005
- At2g07240 UIpI family protease contains Pfam profile PF02902: UIpI family protease, C-terminal catalytic domain
- At3g16010 pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein contains Pfam profile PF01535: PPR repeat
- At3g01930 expressed protein similar to the nodule-specific protein NIJ70 GB: AAC39500 [Lotus japonicus]
- At4g31980 expressed protein EREBP-4 homolog Arabidopsis thaliana
- At4g37170 pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein contains Pfam profile PF01535: PPR repeat
- At4g33030 UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase (sulfite: UDP-glucose sulfotransferase) (sulfolipid biosynthesis protein) (SQD1) identical to gi: 2736155
- At5g06540 pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein contains Pfam profile PF01535: PPR repeat
- At5g37200 C3HC4-type zinc finger protein family low similarity to ring-H2 finger protein RHYIa from Arabidopsis thaliana [gi: 3790593], ring finger-H2 protein from Xenopus laevis [gi: 13752371]; contains Pfam domain zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger) PF00097
- At4g13170 6OS Ribosomal Protein L13A (RPL13aC) Ribosomal Protein L13a -Lupinus luteus, PID: e1237871
- At1g60095 jacalin lectin family contains smnilarity to myrosinase-binding protein homolog [Arabidopsis thaliana] Gl: 2997767;
- At1g01880 hypothetical protein contains similarity to DNA repair endonuclease GB: AAD47568 Gl: 5712619 from [Drosophila melanogasteri]
- At1g35650 UIpI family protease PF02902 UIpI family protease, C-terminal catalytic domain; Similar to At1g21020, At3g26530, At1g08760, At1g08740, At2g29240
- At2g 13230 retro-pol polprotein -related
- At3g05340 pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein contains I NTE RPRQ: I PR002885 PPR repeats
- At3g02630 acyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase (stearoyl-ACP desaturase), putative similar to Acyl- [acyl-carrier protein] desaturase from Sesamum indicum Gl: 575942, Cucumis sativus SP
- At4g03560 two-pore calcium channel (TPC1) single to two-pore calcium channel (TPC1) [Arabidopsis thaliana] gi
- At5g 13680 protein expressed to similar protein (ref
- At5g48700 ubiquitin family contains INTERPRO: IP R000626 ubiquitin domain
- At5g23230 isocho ⁇ ' smatase hydrolase family low similarity to SP
- At5g56040 leucine rich repeat protein kinase, putative contains leucine rich repeat (LRR) domains, Pfam: PF00560; contains protein kinase domain, Pfam: PF00069
- At3g23955 pseudogene, similar to hypothetical protein GB: AAD29066
- At1g31090 hypothetical protein contains similarity to gi
- At1g74190 leucine rich repeat protein family contains leucine rich-repeat (LRR) Pfam domains: PF00560, INTERPRO: IPR00161 1; contains similarity to Cf-2.1 [Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium] gi
- At3g26310 cytochrome P450 family contains Pfam profile: PF00067 cytochrome P450
- At1g18750 MADS-box protein similar to homeodomain transcription factor (AGL30) GI: 3461830 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At2g39880 myb family transcription factor (MYB25) contains Pfam profile: PF00249 myb-like DNA-binding domain
- At2g44210 expressed protein Pfam profile PF03080 Arabidopsis proteins of unknown function
- At5g43670 protein transport protein SEC23 At5g43670 protein transport protein SEC23
- auxin efflux carrier protein family contains auxin efflux carrier domain Pfam: PF03547
- Nicotinamine synthase putative similar to Nicotianamine synthase [Lycopersicon esculentum] [GI: 4753801], Nicotinamine synthase 2 [Hordeum vulgare] [Gl: 4894912]
- RNA Recognition Pattern (RRM) - containing protein contains InterPro entry IPR000504: RNA-binding region RNP-1 (RNA recognition pattern) (RRM); similar to GB: AAC33496
- UIpI family protease contains Pfam profile PF02902: UIpI family protease, C-terminal catalytic domain
- Cytochrome P450 86A1 Cytochrome P450 86A1 (CYPLXXXVI) (P450-dependent fatty acid omega-hydroxylase) (SP: P48422) [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At5g 16070 chaperonin putative similar to SWISS-PROT: P80317 T-complex protein 1, subunit zeta (TCP-1-zeta) [Mus musculus]; contains Pfam: PF00118 domain, TCP- 1 / cpn60 chaperonin family
- At3g52680 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At1g37150 biotin holocarboxylase synthetase -related similar to biotin holocarboxylase synthetase GI: 4874309 from [Arabidopsis thaliana] contains non-consensus GG acceptor splice sites.
- Atomic acid protein AAC12874 [Synechococcus PCC7942]
- At1g16420 At1g79330, At1g79330, At1g79330, At1g79330, At1g79330; similar to latex-abundant protein [GI: 4235430] [Hevea brasiliensis]
- auxin-responsive protein IAA13 (Indoleacetic acid-induced protein 13) identical to SP
- At3g62680 proline-rich protein family contains proline-rich region, INTERPRO: IPR000694
- At3g22180 DHHC-type zinc finger domain-containing protein contains PFAM profile PF01529: DHHC zinc finger domain
- At3g21465 adenyl cyclase -related similar to adenyl cyclase GB: AAB87670 from [Nicotiana tabacum]
- At1g10870 ARF GTPase-activating domain-containing protein
- NAM No apical meristem (NAM) protein family contains Pfam PF02365: No apical meristem (NAM) domain
- At2g32140 disease resistance protein TIR class
- putative domain signature TIR exists, suggestive of a disease resistance protein.
- At2g47280 family pectinesterase contains Pfam profile: PF01095 pectinesterase
- At2g44310 calcium-binding EF-hand family protein contains INTERPRO: IPR002048 calcium-binding EF-hand domain
- GNAT N-acetyltransferase
- At3g20840 egg development protein putative similar to egg development protein AINTEGUMENTA (GI: 1209099) [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At3g46670 glucosyltransferase-related protein UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase - Arabidopsis thaliana, EMBL.-AB016819
- Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase II IP5PH inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase II [Arabidopsis thaliana] GI: 10444263 Isoform contains an AT-acceptor splice site at intron 6
- At1g80480 expressed protein contains Viral RNA helicase domain
- At4g10510 subtilisin-like serine protease contains similarity to subtilase; SP1 Gl: 9957714 from [Oryza sativa]
- At5g05670 signal recognition particle receptor beta subunit-related protein
- At1g53290 galactosyltransferase family contains Pfam profile: PF01762 galactosyltransferase; contains similarity to Avr9 elicitor response protein Gl: 4138265 from [Nicotiana tabacum]
- At ⁇ g 16770 myb DNA binding protein (AtMYB9)
- At3g59200 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At3g43380 Hypothetical protein hypothetical proteins - Arabidopsis thaliana
- At5g38120 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4-coumaroyl-CoA synthase) family similar to 4CL2, Arabidopsis thaliana [gi: 12229665], 4Cl1, Nicotiana tabacum [gi: 12229631]; contains Pfam AMP-binding enzyme PF00501
- At4g07750 transposon protein -related similar to putative Arabidopsis thaliana En / Spm transposon protein (GB: AC005396)
- At1g36180 acetyl-CoA carboxylase -related similar to Gl: 1100253 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At4g30370 C3HC4-type zinc finger protein family contains Pfam profile: PF00097 zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger)
- At5g56410 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- At3g 13290 transducin / WD-40 repeat protein family contains 2 WD-40 repeats (PF00400); autoantigen HUMAUTANT locus (GI: 533202) [Homo sapiens] and autoantigen locus HSU17474 (Gl: 596134) [Homo sapiens]
- At4g24690 ubiquitin-associated (UBA) / PB1 domain-containing protein contains Pfam profiles PF00627: Ubiquitin-associated (UBA) ITS-N domain, PF00569: Zinc finger type ZZ domain, PF00564: PB1 domain
- At5g52610 F-box protein family contains F-box domain Pfam: PF00646
- Homoe sapiens Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens, Homoe sapiens
- At5g46180 ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase (omithin aminotransferase / omithine ketoacid aminotransferase), putative similar to SP
- At5g47250 disease resistance protein (CC-NBS-LRR class), putative domain signature CC-NBS-LRR exists, suggestive of a disease resistance protein.
- At5g51440 heat shock protein putative similar to heat shock 22 kDa protein, precursor mitochondrial SP: Q96331 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- At1g23720 proline-rich protein family contains proline-rich extensin domains, INTERPRO: IPR002965
- At2g31380 knows tolerance-like protein
- At5g49160 DNA cytosine-5) -methyltransferase (DNA methyltransferase) (DNA metase) (sp N 0 Access Description (homologous genes identified in other organisms) TAIR
- At4g 13900 disease resistance protein family contains leucine rich-repeat domains Pfam: PF00560, INTERPRO: IPR001611; similar to Cf-4A protein [Lycopersicon esculentum]
- At5g56160 cytosolic factor family (phosphoglyceride transfer protein family) similar to cytosolic factor SEC14 (SP: P45816) [Candida lipolytica]
- 26S proteasome regulatory subunit S12 (RPN8), putative contains similarity to 26s proteasome regulatory subunit s12 (proteasome subunit p40) (mov34 protein) SP: P26516 from [Mus musculus]
- At3g07440 expressed protein is hits to genscan model
- At5g08520 expressed protein contains similarity to l-box binding factor
- At4g07340 contains similarity to Xenopus laevis replication protein A1 (SW: RFA1_XENLA)
- At1g54480 leucine rich repeat protein family contains leucine rich-repeat (LRR) Pfam domains: PF00560, INTERPRO: IPR001611; contains similarity to disease resistance protein Gl: 3894383 from [Lycopersicon esculentum]
- LRR leucine rich-repeat
- At4g34570 bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase 2 (DHFR-TS) (THY-2) identical to SP
- At2g 14630 hypothetical protein contains PFAM profile PF03004: Transposase plant (Ptta / En / Spm family)
- At3gO8943 pseudogene importin beta subunit similar to importin-betai GB: BAA34861, importin-beta2 GB: BAA34862 [Oryza sativa]; frameshift
- At2g41970 protein kinase putative similar to Pto kinase interactor 1 (serine / threonine protein kinase) [Lycopersicon esculentum]
- AtCg00040 matK maturase
- At1g17170 glutathione transferase putative One of three repeated putative glutathione transferases. 72% identical to glutathione transferase [Arabidopsis thaliana]
- AtCg00960 rrn4.5S 23S ribosomal RNA
- At2g43640 signal recognition protein particle 14kD, ATSRP14 -related
- At5g61700 ABC carry family protein ABC family transporter, Entamoeba histolytica, EMBLEH058
- AtCgOI 050 ndhD NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4
- At2g24640 ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase -related
- At3g2519O integral membrane protein -related contains Pfam profile: PF01988 integral membrane protein; similar to nodulin-21 GB: CAA34506 [Glycine max]
- At5g55050 GDSL-motif lipase / hydrolase protein similar to family II lipases EXL3 Gl: 15054386, EXL1 Gl: 15054382, EXL2 Gl: 15054384 from [Arabidopsis thaliana]; contains PFAM profile PF00657: GDSL-like Lipase / Acylhydrolase
- At2g33330 expressed protein contains Pfam PF01657: Domain of unknown function
- said targeting nucleic acid has a transcribed sequence which is that of an mRNA of a gene selected from the group consisting of the genes shown in Table V.
- the genes shown in Table V correspond to the gene encoding the eukaryotic factor of initiation of the elF4E translation and to a selection of genes in Table III having an expression differential in favor of stroma versus chloroplast, in favor of stroma versus total RNA, and in favor of chloroplast versus total RNAs .
- said addressing nucleic acid has a transcribed sequence which is that of a mRNA of the gene coding for the eukaryotic translation initiation factor elF4E (SEQ ID No.41) and / or its homologs in other species and more particularly in tomato and chilli (patent WO03 / 066900).
- the transcribed sequence of the addressing nucleic acid used to implement the method according to the invention is preferably that of a mRNA of a nuclear gene that is endogenous (that is to say present naturally in the genome nuclear cell that is transformed) or that is exogenous to the plant cell (for example a nuclear gene whose mRNA was detected in a plastid in a cell belonging to another plant species than that of the transformed cell).
- the nuclear gene is endogenous to the transformed plant cell.
- nucleic acid of interest linked to a nucleic acid for addressing it is meant that the nucleic acid of interest and the nucleic acid of addressing are genetically linked, that is to say that they are part of of the same nucleotide construct (DNA, RNA or mixed DNA / RNA).
- said nucleic acid of interest is fused to said nucleic acid for addressing.
- the nucleic acid of interest may be a DNA or RNA sequence.
- the addressing nucleic acid can be a DNA or RNA sequence.
- the nucleic acid of interest related to the addressing nucleic acid may be a mixed DNA / RNA nucleic acid.
- the nucleic acid of interest and the nucleic acid of addressing are both a DNA sequence.
- the nucleic acid of interest and the nucleic acid of addressing are both an RNA sequence.
- the plant cell can be transformed with a nucleic acid of interest linked to an addressing nucleic acid so as to obtain stable expression of at least said nucleic acid of interest.
- the nucleic acid of interest linked to an addressing nucleic acid can be in the form of a construct comprising a DNA sequence of interest linked to an addressing DNA sequence. said construct being integrated into the nuclear genome of the plant cell. Transcription of this construct into the nucleus produces a transcript comprising an RNA sequence of interest linked to an addressing RNA sequence, the transcript then being directed to a plastid of the transformed cell.
- the plant cell can also be transformed with a nucleic acid of interest linked to an address nucleic acid so as to obtain a transient expression of at least said nucleic acid of interest and this by methods known to the human the art such as the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a nontoxic molecule capable of inducing the destabilization of the plasma membrane and allowing the transfer of DNA therethrough.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the DNA molecules can then migrate to the nucleus, where some of them, with a greater or lesser efficiency, are likely to integrate into the chromosomes.
- the DNA can also be encapsulated in liposomes, small artificial vesicles of phospholipids, able to fuse with protoplasts.
- nucleic acid of interest linked to an addressing nucleic acid can therefore be in the form of a construct comprising an RNA sequence of interest linked to an addressing RNA sequence, said construct being integrated in the cytosol of the plant cell. This RNA construct is then directed to a plastid of the transformed cell.
- Said nucleic acid of interest may be a sequence encoding a protein, in particular a heterologous protein.
- heterologous protein is meant a protein that is not expressed by the untransformed plant cell. It could be of a recombinant protein normally expressed in a eukaryotic organism, for example a protein of human, animal or plant origin. It can be in particular:
- a protein of therapeutic and / or prophylactic interest such as insulin, gastric lipase, collagen, or an allergen
- a protein conferring resistance to a herbicide such as the precursor of acetolactate synthetase (ALS) (Lee et al., 1988), mutated acetolactate synthetase (Preston and Powles, 2002), or 3- enolpyruvylshikimate-5-phosphate synthetase (EPSP synthetase) (Klee et al., 1987);
- a protein conferring a capacity to fix nitrogen or increased photosynthesis a protein conferring increased resistance to drought, to salt, or to extreme temperatures, for example;
- a protein conferring resistance to pathogens such as insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc.
- pathogens such as insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc.
- a protease inhibitor for example a trypsin inhibitor (Hilder et al., 1987), a toxin, by for example the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Vaeck et al., 1987, Fischhoff et al., 1987), etc.
- Said nucleic acid of interest may also be a non-coding sequence, such as an antisense RNA sequence or a DNA sequence whose transcript is an antisense RNA, or an interfering RNA (RNAi, Sharp, 2001).
- RNAi interfering RNA
- antisense technology one skilled in the art can refer, for example, to "Antisense DNA and RNA” (CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory, D. Melton, 1988).
- nucleotide construct comprising the nucleic acids of interest and of addressing can be prepared by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example by in vitro synthesis.
- the nucleotide construct used to transform the plant cell in the method of addressing according to the invention is also the subject of the present application.
- the invention more particularly relates to a nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleic acid of interest related to an addressing nucleic acid whose transcribed sequence is that of an mRNA of a nuclear gene selected from the group consisting of genes shown in Table V.
- the nuclear gene is selected from the group of genes having the coding sequence SEQ ID No.1, SEQ ID No.3, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID NoJ, SEQ ID No.9, SEQ ID No.11, SEQ ID No.13, SEQ ID No.15, SEQ ID No.17, SEQ ID No.19, SEQ ID No.21, SEQ ID No.23, SEQ ID No.25, SEQ ID No.27, SEQ ID No. 29, SEQ ID No.31, SEQ ID No.33, SEQ ID No.35, SEQ ID No.37, SEQ ID No.39 and SEQ ID No.41 identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and / or their homologous sequences in other species.
- the nucleotide constructs used in the invention may be expression cassettes comprising a nucleic acid sequence of interest linked to a nucleic acid addressing sequence, associated with elements allowing the expression of the sequence.
- nucleic acid of interest in plant cells including a promoter and a transcription terminator, or an activator. Other elements such as introns, enhancers, polyadenylation sequences and derivatives may also be present.
- the expression cassette may also contain 5 'untranslated sequences called "leader". Such sequences can improve translation
- transcription promoters can be used for expression in plant cells. It may be a constitutive promoter, such as the Actin-lntron-actin promoter, corresponding to the 5 'non-coding region of the rice actin 1 gene and its first intron (Mc Elroy et al., 1991; GenBank No. S44221). The presence of the first actin intron makes it possible to increase the level of expression of a gene when it is fused 3 'to a promoter. It can also be an inducible or tissue-specific promoter, for example so that the nucleic acid of interest is only sent to a plastid at certain stages of development of the plant, that under certain environmental conditions, or only in certain target tissues.
- a constitutive promoter such as the Actin-lntron-actin promoter, corresponding to the 5 'non-coding region of the rice actin 1 gene and its first intron (Mc Elroy et al., 1991; GenBank No. S44221).
- tissue-specific promoters include the promoter of Chlorella virus regulating the expression of the adenine methyltransferase gene (Mitra and Higgins, 1994) or the cassava mosaic virus promoter (Verdaguer et al., 1998). ) that are expressed primarily in green tissues, or the regulatory elements of the tomato gene2A11 promoter that allow for specific expression in fruits (Van Haaren and Houck, 1991).
- Terminators include: the terminator 3 'Nos, terminator of the nopaline synthase which corresponds to the 3' non-coding region of the nopaline synthase gene from the plasmid Ti ⁇ 'Agrobacteirum tumefaciens nopaline strain (Depicker et al., 1982), and
- the nucleic acid of interest may be associated or, if appropriate, consist of a coding sequence for a selection agent.
- genes that confer resistance to an antibiotic such as hygromycin, kanamycin, bleomycin or streptomycin, or herbicides such as glufosinate, glyphosate or bromoxynil can be used.
- said gene encoding a selection agent is selected from the bar gene (White et al 1990;. GenBank No. X17220), which confers resistance to the herbicide Basta ® (glufosinate) and the NPTII gene which confers resistance to the kanamycin (Bevan et al., 1983).
- a vector in particular a plasmid, containing at least one nucleic acid construct as described above.
- the invention furthermore relates to a cellular host, in particular a bacterium such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformed by said vector.
- a cellular host e is useful for transfecting plant cells with a vector according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a plant cell transformed with a nucleic acid of interest linked to an addressing nucleic acid whose transcribed sequence is that of an mRNA of a nuclear gene, said mRNA being detectable in a plastid.
- said mRNA is an mRNA of a nuclear gene selected from the group consisting of the genes shown in Table V and the elF4E gene.
- the transformation of plant cells can be carried out by transfer of a vector into the protoplasts, in particular after incubation of the latter in a solution of polyethylene glycol (PG) in the presence of divalent cations (Ca 2+ ) according to the method described in the article Krens et al. (1982).
- PG polyethylene glycol
- Ca 2+ divalent cations
- the transformation of the plant cells can also be carried out by electroporation, in particular according to the method described in the article by Fromm et al. (1986).
- the transformation of the plant cells can be carried out using a gene gun allowing the projection, at very high speed, of metal particles covered with the DNA sequences of interest, thus delivering genes within the cell nucleus. , especially according to the technique described in the article by Finer et al. (1992).
- Another method of transformation of plant cells is that of cytoplasmic or nuclear microinjection.
- the plant cells are transformed by a vector via a cellular host itself transformed by said vector, the cellular host being capable of infecting said plant cells by allowing integration into the genome of the latter, nucleic acid sequences of interest initially contained in the genome of the aforementioned vector.
- the cellular host used is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, in particular according to the methods described in the articles by Bevan (1984) and An et al. (1986), or Agrobacterium rhizogenes, especially according to the method described in the article by Robaglia et al. (1987).
- the transformation of the plant cells is carried out by the transfer of the T region of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti tumor-inducing extrachromosomal circular plasmid, using a binary system (Watson et al., 1994).
- helper plasmid Ti a modified plasmid that no longer has T-DNA but still contains vir virulence genes, necessary for the transformation of the plant cell. This plasmid is maintained in Agrobacterium.
- the invention also relates to the production of transgenic plants capable of being regenerated from the transformed plant cell, as well as the transgenic plants thus obtained.
- the invention also includes plant cells and tissues, as well as organs or parts of plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits, and / or seeds obtained from these plants.
- the plant cell according to the invention is a plant cell selected from the group consisting of corn, wheat, tomato, tobacco, and rice.
- the plastid targeting method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain the translocation of an RNA towards a plastid and therefore a localized expression at the level of the plastid of the possibly coded protein. by this RNA.
- the production of proteins in the plastids of plant cells is advantageous in terms of ease of extraction, but also of stability, since certain proteases would be poorly represented in plastids, and in particular chloroplasts.
- the invention thus relates to a method for producing at least one protein of interest in a plaste of a plant cell comprising the steps of: a) transforming a plant cell with a nucleic acid encoding a protein of interest related to an addressing nucleic acid, the transcribed sequence of said addressing nucleic acid being that of an mRNA of a nuclear gene, said mRNA being detectable in a plastid of a plant cell; and b) expressing said nucleic acid encoding a protein of interest.
- the method of production contains an additional step of extracting the plastid proteins by the usual methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the plastid may be selected from the group consisting of chloroplast, amyloplast, chromosplast, etioplast, gerontoplast, and proplast.
- said plastid is a chloroplast.
- said plastid detectable mRNA is characterized by a concentration in a plastid greater than its cytoplasmic concentration. More preferably, the concentration in a plastid of said mRNA is at least 2 times greater than its cytoplasmic concentration.
- concentration in a plastid of said mRNA is at least 2 times greater than its cytoplasmic concentration.
- said addressing nucleic acid according to the invention has a DNA or RNA sequence whose transcribed sequence is that of an mRNA of a nuclear gene selected from the group by the genes included in the invention.
- Table V Said nuclear gene is therefore selected from the group of genes having coding sequence SEQ ID No.1, SEQ ID No.3, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID No.7, SEQ ID No.9, SEQ ID No.11, SEQ ID No.13, SEQ ID No.15, SEQ ID No.17, SEQ ID No.19, SEQ ID No.21, SEQ ID No.23, SEQ ID No.25, SEQ ID No.
- said addressing nucleic acid has a transcribed sequence which is that of a mRNA of the gene coding for the eukaryotic transcription initiation factor elF4E.
- said nucleic acid encoding a protein of interest is fused to said nucleic acid for addressing.
- the nucleic acid encoding a protein of interest and the nucleic acid for addressing may both be a DNA sequence.
- the nucleic acid encoding a protein of interest and the nucleic acid for addressing may also both be an RNA sequence.
- the plant cell may be transformed with said nucleic acid encoding a protein of interest related to an addressing nucleic acid so as to obtain transient or stable expression of the protein of interest, preferably so as to obtain stable expression.
- the protein of interest may be a heterologous protein.
- heterologous protein is meant a protein that is not expressed by the untransformed plant cell. It may be a recombinant protein normally expressed in a eukaryotic organism, for example a protein of bacterial, human, animal or plant origin. It may be in particular a protein of agronomic interest, such as a protein conferring on the plant a resistance to a herbicide (for example Basta), a protein (a toxin or protease, for example) conferring the plant is resistant to pathogens such as insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc, a protein conferring a capacity to fix nitrogen or increased photosynthesis, a protein conferring increased resistance to drought, salt, or extreme temperatures.
- the protein may also be a protein of industrial interest, such as an enzyme used in agrochemical processes.
- the protein may also be a protein of therapeutic and / or prophylactic interest, such as insulin for example.
- the invention is not limited to this method of production and any method known to those skilled in the art can be envisaged.
- an operon for the production of proteins in the plastid can be envisaged.
- An operon is a unit for expression and regulation of bacterial genes comprising structural genes and control elements in DNA, recognized by regulatory gene products.
- the invention also includes the mode of implementation in which the RNA of interest is in the form of an operon type RNA, giving several proteins, after translation into the plastid.
- a plastid protein production system comprising the lactose operon (inducible operon under negative control) may be used according to one embodiment of the invention.
- mRNAs transcribed from nuclear genes, which have been localized in plastids, and in particular which are present in plastids with a concentration greater than their cytoplasmic concentration, make it possible to translocate an RNA sequence to which they are bound from the nucleus and / or cytosol of a plant cell to a plastid.
- the invention thus proposes a method for identifying an RNA capable of addressing an RNA of interest to a plastid of a plant cell, in which the concentration of a candidate RNA in a plastid and in the cytoplasm is determined. of a plant cell, and where RNA capable of addressing an RNA of interest to a plastid of a plant cell is identified, an RNA whose concentration in the plastid is greater than its concentration in the cytoplasm .
- an RNA capable of addressing an RNA of interest to a plastid of a plant cell an RNA whose concentration in the plastid is at least 2 times greater than its concentration in the cytoplasm is identified.
- RNAs of interest a methodology as described in Example 1 can be used. For example, a total plastid RNA population and a total RNA population can be labeled, each with cy3 and cy5, respectively. To compare the relative concentration of an X gene in these two populations, one can proceed to a "dye swap", that is to say to respectively hybridize on two slides carrying an oligonucleotide specific for the X gene, mixtures (plastid RNA population) -cy3 + (total RNA population) -cy5 and (plastid RNA population) -cy5 + (total RNA population) -cy3.
- a "dye swap" that is to say to respectively hybridize on two slides carrying an oligonucleotide specific for the X gene, mixtures (plastid RNA population) -cy3 + (total RNA population) -cy5 and (plastid RNA population) -cy5 + (total RNA population)
- the level of hybridization to the oligonucleotide is quantified by measuring the mean of the fluorescence intensities cy3 and cy5, normalized by subtracting the local background noise, for the same population of RNA (acquisition of images using ArrayScanner Generation III, Molecular Dynamics, and digitizing images using ImageQuant 5.2, Amersham Biosciences).
- the relative level of the X gene mRNA in the plastid RNAs relative to the total RNAs is then estimated by calculating the ratio of the mean fluorescence intensity in the plastid RNAs to the average fluorescence intensity in the total RNAs. .
- an RNA can be identified for which the geometric mean of the average fluorescence intensities, in the plastid and total RNA populations, is greater than -2, and for which the ratio of the average In fluorescence intensity, in the total RNA, on the fluorescence intensity average, in the plastid RNAs is between 0 and 0.5.
- the crude chloroplasts were obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves according to a method derived from the protocol described by Ferro et al. (Mol CeII Proteomics, 2003). All operations were carried out at 0-5 ° C in buffers devoid of RNAse.
- the plants (400-500 g of leaves) are placed in the dark at 4 ° C during the night before extraction, washed with deionized water and then dried on filter paper before grinding.
- the material (400-500 g of leaves per 2 liters of grinding buffer containing: 0.4 M sorbitol, 20 mM tricine-KOH pH 8.4, 10 mM EDTA, 10 mM NaHCO3 and 0.1 mg / mL bovine serum albumin (BSA) degreased) twice 2 seconds in a low speed Waring Blendor.
- the ground material is rapidly filtered through 4-5 layers of gauze and a layer of blutex nylon.
- the filtered solution is equitably distributed in 6 centrifuge tubes (500 ml each) and centrifuged at 2070 g for 2 minutes (Sorvall GS 3 rotor). The supernatant is removed and the organelle pellets are taken up in a final volume of washing medium containing: 0.40 M sorbitol, 20 mM tricine-KOH, pH 7.6, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 2.5 mM EDTA. Place the chloroplast suspension (6 ml per tube) on top of the preformed Percoll gradients. Centrifuge the gradients at 13,300 g for 10 min (swinging rotor Sorvall HB-6).
- the purity of the purified chloroplasts is controlled using different methods.
- Enzymatic markers for example, Fumarase (EC 4.2.1.2), a marker of mitochondrial contamination; Hydroxypyruvate reductase (EC 1.1.1.81), marker of peroxisome contamination;
- immunological markers for example, antibodies to the glycine decarboxylase subunit T (marker of mitochondrial contamination); antibodies directed against histone H3 (marker of contamination by nuclei).
- Proteomic studies which failed to detect proteins derived from nuclei, mitochondria, or cytosol in the envelope of Arabidopsis plastids purified according to this protocol.
- the chloroplasts read (adjust to a final volume of 21 ml) are deposited at the top of the sucrose gradients (3.5 ml per tube).
- the tubes are centrifuged at 70000 g for 1 hour (Beckman SW41-T1 rotor). After this centrifugation step, the stroma located at the top of the gradient is taken for nucleic acid extractions. At the end of this step, the stroma yield is about 30 mg of protein.
- the purity of the purified stroma is monitored by means of different immunological markers: for example, antibodies directed against the E 37 protein or the ceQORH protein (markers of contamination by the chloroplast envelope); antibodies against LHCPs (markers of thylakoid contamination). These studies failed to detect envelope proteins or thylakoids in purified stromal fractions according to this protocol.
- a pellet of purified chloroplasts stored at -80 ° C. is suspended by vortex homogenization in 7 ml of extraction buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 300 mM NaCl, 2% SDS 1 mM EDTA pH 8, 0.5 mM aurintricarboxylic acid, 14.3 mM ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, 0.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone, MW 360,000) prepared extemporaneously, then placed in a water bath at 65 ° C. for 15 min, stirring every 2-3 minutes. minutes.
- extraction buffer 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 300 mM NaCl, 2% SDS 1 mM EDTA pH 8, 0.5 mM aurintricarboxylic acid, 14.3 mM ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, 0.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone, MW 360,000
- the solution is divided and transferred to two tubes, followed by centrifugation at 12,500 g at room temperature for 15 minutes.
- the supernatant is transferred to a new tube to which are added 0.35 ml of 3M KOAc, pH 4.8.
- the solution is homogenized and left in the ice 30 minutes before centrifugation at 10000 g for 10 min at 4 ° C. (1)
- the supernatant is transferred to a new tube and 2 ml of phenol / chloroform / isoamyl alcohol (IAA) (25: 24: 1) is added.
- the solution is homogenized by vortexing for 2 to 3 min and then centrifuged at 4000 g for 15 min.
- Step (1) is repeated until homogenization and then 2 ml of chloroform are added to the aqueous phase, the solution is homogenized by vortexing for 2 to 3 min before centrifugation for 15 min at 4000 g.
- the two supernatants are transferred to a single tube containing 100 mg of PVPP and incubated for 20 min at 78 ° C with gentle shaking every 2 to 3 minutes.
- the tube is then cooled on ice. 2.85 ml of water and 10.85 ml of chloroform / IAA (24: 1) are added per 8 ml of supernatant, then the solution is vortexed for 2 to 3 min before centrifugation for 10 min at 4000 g.
- the supernatant is transferred to a tube and 4 ml of chloroform / IAA (24: 1) are added, the whole is vortexed and then centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 g.
- the supernatant is transferred to a new tube and 8 ml of isopropanol are added.
- the mixture is mixed and incubated at -20 ° C. for 12 hours. After centrifugation at 5000 g for 45 min at 4 ° C., the pellet is washed with 70% ethanol before being taken up in 500 ⁇ l of water and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 5 min at 4 ° C.
- the supernatant is then transferred to an Eppendorf tube where 1 ml of water and 391 ⁇ l of 8M LiCl are added and then left for 3 h at 4 ° C. After centrifugation at 10,000 g for 20 min at 40 ° C., the pellet is washed with 70% ethanol and then taken up in 100 ⁇ l of water without RNase.
- TLES buffer Tris pH 100 mM, 100 mM LiCl, 10 mM pH 8 EDTA, 1% SDS , PVPP 1%, PVP 1%, 5 mM DTT
- TLES buffer Tris pH 100 mM, 100 mM LiCl, 10 mM pH 8 EDTA, 1% SDS , PVPP 1%, PVP 1%, 5 mM DTT
- the upper phase is removed.
- 1 ml of TLES buffer is added to the residual phenolic phase, then the mixture is stirred and centrifuged. The upper phase is taken and collected with the one previously set aside.
- a solution of LiCl 8M is added so as to obtain a final LiCl 2M concentration, RNA is thus precipitated overnight at 4 0 C. After centrifugation the pellet is taken up in 100 .mu.l of water.
- RNA is purified using the Rneasy kit (Qiagen). According to the manufacturer's protocol, 350 ⁇ l of buffer RLT + 3.5 ⁇
- Rneasy kit Qiagen
- RNA is eluted by adding 30 ⁇ l of RNase free water to the column. After 1 minute, the whole is centrifuged for 1 minute 10000 rpm. Elution is repeated with 30 ⁇ l of H 2 O. The 2 eluates are combined and the solution is assayed.
- the supernatant is again collected and collected with the first harvested supernatant.
- One or more phenol / chloroform / isoamyl acid extractions (25: 24: 1) can be performed if a whitish interface between the aqueous phase and the phenolic phase is visible
- a volume of chloroform / lsoamylic alcohol is added to the aqueous phase resulting from the extraction with the phenol / chloroform / isoamyl alcohol mixture. Vortexed for 2 min and before centrifugation for 10 min at 5000 g at 4 ° C. The supernatant is harvested and the concentration of the solution is adjusted to 2M LiCl with 8M LiCl. The RNA precipitates overnight at 4 ° C. The mixture is centrifuged for 45 min at 12000 rpm at 4 ° C. and then the pellet is resuspended with 100 ⁇ l of H 2 O MiIIiQ for Mini RNA Clean Up (Qiagen).
- RNA is purified using the Rneasy kit (Qiagen). 350 ⁇ l of buffer RLT + 3.5 ⁇ l of ⁇ -Mercaptoethanol (added extemporaneously) and 250 ⁇ l of absolute ethanol are added, the mixture is homogenized and centrifuged for 15 seconds at 10000 rpm. 500 ⁇ l of RPE buffer are added to the membrane and the whole is centrifuged for 15 seconds at 10,000 rpm. The eluate is removed and the column is washed again with 500 ⁇ l of RPE buffer; the whole is centrifuged 2 minutes at 10000 rpm a first time then a second to remove traces of ethanol. RNA is eluted by adding 30 ⁇ l of RNase free water to the column. After 1 minute, the whole is centrifuged for 1 minute 10000 rpm. Elution is repeated with 30 ⁇ l of H 2 O. The 2 eluates are pooled and the solution is assayed.
- RNA 3 ⁇ g of total RNA are placed in 8.5 ⁇ l of H 2 O without RNase.
- 0.5 .mu.l of spike is added to 2 .mu.l of random nonamers.
- the mixture is incubated for 10 minutes at 70 ° C. and then placed in ice for 1 min and centrifuged. The mixture is then incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature.
- An incubation buffer to be added to the RNA, which comprises, for a probe, 4 ⁇ l of 5 ⁇ SSII buffer, 2 ⁇ l of 0.1 M DTT, 1 ⁇ l of a mixture of dNTPs, 1 ⁇ l of dCTP Cy3 or Cy5, 200 U Superscript II (Invitrogen).
- the incubation mixture is added to the RNA and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature and then for 3 hours at 42 ° C. 2 ⁇ l of 2.5 M NaOH are added. The whole is then incubated for 10 minutes at 37 ° C. and then 10 ⁇ l of 2 M HEPES buffer pH 8 are added.
- the probes are purified using the QIAGEN Purification Kit according to the supplier's protocol. Briefly, 500 ⁇ l of buffer PB are added to the probe. The mixture is deposited on a column and then centrifuged for 2 min at 14000 rpm, the column is washed by adding 500 ⁇ l of PE wash buffer, centrifuged for 1 min 14000 rpm, the collection tube is emptied and 500 ⁇ l of PE washing buffer are added.
- the whole is centrifuged for 1 min at 14000 rpm; the collection tube is emptied and 500 .mu.l of PE washing buffer are added, the whole is centrifuged for 1 min at 14000 rpm, the collector tube is emptied and then centrifuged for 1 min at 14000 rpm to dry the column properly.
- the column is placed in a new collection tube, and 50 .mu.l of elution buffer are added to the membrane and left for 1 min at room temperature.
- the whole is centrifuged for 1 min at 14000 rpm.
- a second elution is carried out as previously using 50 .mu.l of elution buffer. Preparation of the blades (spotting)
- the slides used for the hybridization are previously spotted using a robot (Lucidea spotter, Amersham Biosciences).
- the 26000 oligonucleotides (set unigene 26K Operon), each corresponding to a gene of the Arabidopsis genome, are distributed in 384 format plates, in denaturing solution, at a concentration of 2 ⁇ M.
- the 130 amplicons corresponding to the genes of the chloroplast genome and the mitochondrial transcripts are in denaturing solution at a concentration of 50 ng / ⁇ l.
- the entire Arabidopsis matrix (nuclear genome and organelles) is deposited on Type 7 Star glass slides (Amersham Bioscience). The slides are dried in the spotter enclosure at a humidity of 50% overnight. Then, each slide is exposed under UV at 500 mJ for 15 seconds (cross-linking).
- a dye-swap, or fluorochrome inversion is a second hybridization experiment with inversion of both fluorochromes in relation to the population. This corresponds to two hybridizations on two different slides. Data from hybridization of both slides is usually processed together.
- 6 tubes are prepared as follows: 3 x tube A containing 50 pmoles Population A cy3 + 50 pmoles Population B cy5, and 3 x tube B containing 50 pmoles Population B cy3 + 50 pmoles Population A cy5 .
- the probes are evaporated at speed vack.
- Prehybridization of the slides the slides are prehybridized in a solution prepared extemporaneously of the following composition: 5X SSC, 0.1% SDS, 0.1% BSA. The solution is placed at 42 ° C. for 2 hours and then the slides are soaked in the buffer at 42 ° C. with stirring for 45 min. The slides are rinsed in 3 successive baths of water and then dried with nitrogen.
- the coverslips are immersed in a 1% SDS solution and incubated in a sonicator for 5 minutes.
- the coverslips are rinsed 5 times with milliQ water and then immersed in 70% EtOH.
- the coverslips are dried with nitrogen.
- each probe (tube A or B) is taken up in 10.5 ⁇ l H 2 O and 3 ⁇ l of fractionated DNA of herring sperm (0.1 mg / ml, Ci 1 mg / ml), and denatured 2 minutes at 95 ° C., 30% formamide, 1 ⁇ Amersham Biosciences hybridization buffer. The probes are denatured for 2 min at 95 ° C. and then stored in ice.
- the probe is deposited on the coverslip and the slide covers the coverslip.
- the whole is deposited in a Corning hybridization chamber and incubated in a water bath at 37 ° C. for 16 hours.
- the slides are washed with stirring in the following successive baths: 2 ⁇ SSC 0.1% SDS 5 min at 37 ° C., 2 ⁇ SSC 0.1% SDS 5 min at 37 ° C., 0.2 ⁇ SSC 1 minute at room temperature, 0.1X SSC 1 min at room temperature and then in water.
- the slides are dried with nitrogen and then scanned.
- the optical reading of the chips is carried out using an ArrayScanner Generation III scanner (Molecular Dynamics) equipped with two lasers. These two lasers excite the two fluorescent molecules Cy3 and Cy5 by emission of the two respective wavelengths of 550 nm and 649 nm.
- the photons emitted back by the fluorochromes are picked up by a photomultiplier (PMT) set at 700 V and transformed into an amplified electrical signal which is converted into two gray-level digital images, one for each wavelength.
- PMT photomultiplier
- Scanned images are viewed using ImageQuant 5.2 software (Amersham Biosciences) to monitor their overall quality. Then, the ArrayVision 7.0 software (Amersham Biosciences) allows the analysis of the images and the method used provides among other parameters a value of the intensities measured for each spot as well as the surrounding background noise. It is at this stage that the spots are annotated, the software assigns each spot its coordinates and the identifier of the gene that corresponds to it.
- RNAstroma_ARNchloro For the RNAstroma_ARNchloro comparison, the normalization procedure is different. 3 technical repetitions or 3 swaps (6 slides) were performed. Background noise was subtracted from the intensities and the 6 slides were independently normalized by Loess Block Method (Lonnstedt and Speed, 2002). For each slide, the ratio stroma intensity / chloro intensity is calculated and then converted to Iog 2 - The average of the 6 values of Iog2 (ratio) is calculated and corresponds to M. The RatioAB is the ratio of the average of the intensities corresponding to the RNAstroma on the average intensities corresponding to RNA chloroplast.
- a Bayesian statistical test (Yang et al., 2002) was applied to compare the 6 intensity values corresponding to the chloro RNA population to the 6 intensity values corresponding to the stroma RNA population.
- the stroma / chloro ratio is the average of the 6 stroma / chloro ratios of each slide.
- T is the value of the statistical test
- pvalue is the corresponding p value
- B is the probability that the chloro / stroma ratio is different from 0 on the probability that the ratio is equal to 1.
- B is greater than 0 the gene has a greater probability of being differentially expressed than of being invariant.
- the first selection of 287 genes was made from an RNA chloro / tRNA total comparison based on the following criteria: average AB ratios of swaps> 1, 5, variance ⁇ 0.001 or ratio> 5 if there is no no threshold of variance.
- the second selection of 706 genes was made from a tRNA / RNAstroma comparison based on the following criteria: average ratio of 2 swaps ⁇ 0.66, variance ⁇ 0.001 or ratio> 0.2 if not there is no threshold of variance.
- the 46 genes identified are the genes common to these two selections.
- RNA probes Hybridization and synthesis analysis of RNA probes In situ hybridization was performed as described in Rodriguez et al. (1998) with digoxigenin-labeled antisense. RNA probes and Nothern blot assays were performed according to standard procedures (Sambrook et al., 1989). CDNA probes were scored by random priming using 32 P-dCTP and RNA probes were labeled by in vitro transcription using either 32 P-UTPoU digoxygenin (DIG RNA Labeling kit, Roche Diagnostics).
- DIG RNA Labeling kit Roche Diagnostics
- Chloroplast Purification and Nucleic Acid Extraction All operations were conducted at 0-5 ° C.
- the crude chloroplasts were obtained from leaves (6 g of A. thaliana, 30 g of N. tabacum, 100 g of L sativa or 4 kg of S. oleracea). The plants were placed in the dark at 4 ° C overnight and the chloroplasts were extracted into isoosmotic buffer (A thaliana and N. tabacum: TRIS-HCl pH 8, 20 mM, EDTA, 0.33 M Sorbitol, 0.1% ⁇ mercaptoethanol, L Sativa: 0.4 M sorbitol, 10 mM NaCl, 50 mM MOPS pH 7, S.
- oleracea 0.33 M sucrose, 20 mM MOPS pH 7.8) and purified by isopycnic centrifugation on Percoll gradients preformed (Douce and Joyard, 1982). Chloroplasts of N. tabacum were also obtained from protoplasts as described in Charbonnier et al. (1987).
- RNA or I 7 chloroplast DNA sub-chloroplast fractions were extracted from intact chloroplasts or purified fractions under plastid-purified by extraction with phenol / chloroform and ethanol precipitation. For Southern blot analyzes, the chloroplast nucleic acids were treated with RNase and digested with the appropriate restriction enzymes.
- AtelF4E1 cDNA was amplified by PCR and cloned upstream and in reading frame of the green fluorescent protein 4 gene (mGFP5) under the control of the 35S promoter of mosaic virus virus. cauliflower (CaMV) (von Arnim et al., 1998).
- the chimeric gene cassette was then placed in the binary vector pPZP-BASTA (a derivative of pPZP, Hajdukiewicz et al., 1994). Transformation of Arabidopsis with Agrobacterium was performed according to Bechtold et al. (1983).
- Particle bombardment using a pneumatic particle gun (Bio-Rad PDS-1000 / He, 1,550 psi helium pressure, 1 350 psi rupture discs, 10 cm target distance, microbeads in 1 ⁇ m gold) and observation by confocal laser microscopy (TCS-SP2, Leica, Deerfield, IL) were performed as described in Ferro et al. (2002).
- a pneumatic particle gun Bio-Rad PDS-1000 / He, 1,550 psi helium pressure, 1 350 psi rupture discs, 10 cm target distance, microbeads in 1 ⁇ m gold
- TCS-SP2 Leica, Deerfield, IL
- ELFAE1 uRNA is localized in chloroplasts in four different plant species
- Chloroplast RNA was also purified from Nicotiana tabacum; it was thus observed that an N. tabacum elF4E cDNA probe hybridized to chloroplast RNA (NtelF4E). Contamination of the chloroplast RNA preparation with nuclear or cytosolic RNA was excluded using a probe for U6 small nuclear RNA and a cDNA probe of the nitrite reductase (Mr) 1 gene, respectively. A chloroplast probe, PsbB, detected the corresponding mRNAs in all extracts.
- chloroplasts were purified from Lactuca Sativa (lettuce), resulting in better chloroplast yields than purification from A thaliana. and N. tabacum. Chloroplasts were treated with a combination of trypsin and RNase to remove any RNA that could be protected by membrane-associated protein complexes. Hybridization with an L.sativa e. F4E probe (LselF4E) showed that LselF4E mRNA was protected from protease and RNase combination treatments.
- Fusion of elF4E1 and GFP mRNAs is vectorized to chloroplasts
- the mRNA encoding GFP Green Fluorescent Protein, mGFP5
- GFP Green Fluorescent Protein, mGFP5
- AtelF4E1 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and transgenic A. thaliana lines were produced.
- a line expressing the hybrid mRNA was selected and used to prepare chloroplast RNA. Hybridization with a GFP probe has shown that hybrid mRNA is effectively located in the chloroplast fraction, as observed with AtelF4E1 mRNA.
- the elF4E protein is one of the key regulators of general and specific translation in eukaryotes (Gingras et al., 1999) but it is not necessary for the translation of chloroplast mRNAs that lack the cap structure ("cap"). ) (Sugiura et al., 1998). A frequently observed mode of regulation of the translational activity of the cell is sequestration of elF4E by binding proteins (Gingras et al., 1999, Groisman et al., 2002).
- chloroplast sequestration of elF4E mRNA may be a means of regulating the translational activity in the cytosol depending on the physiological status of the chloroplast.
- RNA exchanges between cytosol and chloroplasts may be a new level of cellular integration in plants.
- Chlorella virus adenine methyltransferase gene promoter is a strong promoter in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 26, 85-93,
- Petracek ME LF Dickey, Huber SC, Thompson WF. (1997) Light-regulated changes in abundance and polyribosome association of ferredoxin mRNA are dependent on photosynthesis. Plant CeII 9, 2291-300.
- Van Haaren MJ Houck CM. (1991) Strong negative and positive regulatory elements contribute to the high-level fruit-specific expression of the tomato 2A11 gene. Plant Mol. Biol. 17.615-630.1991. van Heerden A, Browning KS. (1994) Expression in Escherichia coli of the two subunits of the isozyme form of wheat germ protein synthesis initiation factor 4F. Purification of the subunits and formation of an enzymatically active complex. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 17454-17457.
- Verdaguer B, Kochko A, Fux Cl, Beachy RN, Fauquet C. (1998) Functional organization of the cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) promoter. Plant Mol Biol., 37 (6): 1055-67.
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| CA2420406C (fr) * | 2000-09-29 | 2014-12-09 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Plante de ble 33391 resistante au glyphosate et compositions et procedes de detection de celle-ci |
| FR2835698B1 (fr) * | 2002-02-08 | 2004-08-06 | Genoplante Valor | Procede de selection ou d'obtention de plantes resistantes aux potyvirus et sequences marquant ou codant cette resistance |
| EP1558724A4 (fr) * | 2002-11-01 | 2006-08-02 | New England Biolabs Inc | Criblage organellaire d'arn et son utilisation dans l'interruption de transmission de gene dans l'environnement |
| US7772462B2 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2010-08-10 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Recessive plant viral resistance results from mutations in translation initiation factor eIF4E |
-
2004
- 2004-11-26 FR FR0412601A patent/FR2878532B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-11-25 AU AU2005308715A patent/AU2005308715A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-25 WO PCT/FR2005/002940 patent/WO2006056701A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-25 CA CA002589151A patent/CA2589151A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-25 EP EP05822884A patent/EP1824998A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-25 US US11/720,133 patent/US20090178161A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| NICOLAI M ET AL: "Higher plant chloroplasts import the mRNA coding for the eucaryotic translation initiation factor 4E", FEBS LETTERS, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 581, no. 21, 21 August 2007 (2007-08-21), pages 3921 - 3926, XP027013638, ISSN: 0014-5793, [retrieved on 20070810] * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2005308715A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
| CA2589151A1 (fr) | 2006-06-01 |
| FR2878532A1 (fr) | 2006-06-02 |
| US20090178161A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| WO2006056701A1 (fr) | 2006-06-01 |
| FR2878532B1 (fr) | 2007-03-02 |
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