EP1820903A2 - Device and method for ground freezing - Google Patents

Device and method for ground freezing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1820903A2
EP1820903A2 EP07102774A EP07102774A EP1820903A2 EP 1820903 A2 EP1820903 A2 EP 1820903A2 EP 07102774 A EP07102774 A EP 07102774A EP 07102774 A EP07102774 A EP 07102774A EP 1820903 A2 EP1820903 A2 EP 1820903A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
freezing
civil engineering
soil
tube
lances
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07102774A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1820903B1 (en
EP1820903A3 (en
Inventor
Gottfried Hatz
Jens Tauchmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer Group GmbH
Original Assignee
Messer Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer Group GmbH filed Critical Messer Group GmbH
Priority to PL07102774T priority Critical patent/PL1820903T3/en
Publication of EP1820903A2 publication Critical patent/EP1820903A2/en
Publication of EP1820903A3 publication Critical patent/EP1820903A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1820903B1 publication Critical patent/EP1820903B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
    • E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
    • E02D19/14—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by freezing the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
    • E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/001—Cooling arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for freezing soil, with a closed at its one end face with a freezing tube bottom freezing tube, in the interior of which a above the freezing tube bottom ending inner tube is arranged.
  • the invention further relates to a method for carrying out civil engineering work.
  • Such devices which are also referred to as “freezing lances", are used in particular in civil engineering work, such as in shaft, mine, tunnel or tunnel construction to protect personnel and equipment against earth and water ingress.
  • Such a device is for example in the DE 3112291A1 described.
  • the soil within a delimited area by thermal contact with a refrigerant is cooled so much that the water contained in the ground freezes around the frozen lances used and the soil is thereby solidified and stabilized.
  • frozen lances are laid in the ground to be solidified in one of the desired geometry of the ground area to be frozen, the soil conditions and other conditions adapted number and manner.
  • the frozen lances are thereby introduced into boreholes whose inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the freezing lances.
  • the refrigerant is introduced into the freezing lance closed to the floor area. The heat transfer from the soil to the refrigerant is carried out through the walls of the outer freezing tube or the freezing tube bottom.
  • the refrigerant is, for example, a brine or a cryogenic refrigerant such as liquefied nitrogen.
  • the refrigerant can be brought into the area of the freezing-tube bottom either via the inner tube which opens out inside the freezing tube or via the annular gap between inner tube and freeze-tube.
  • the soil is preferably deprived of heat in the area of the freezing-floor.
  • the refrigerant heats up and flows through the annular gap between the inner tube and the freezer tube back to the point of loading.
  • liquid knit is passed through the inner tube to the freezer tube bottom, where it evaporates and flows predominantly in the gaseous state through the annular gap.
  • the gaseous nitrogen also absorbs heat energy from the soil as it passes through the annular gap.
  • the soil is deprived of heat in the area of the charging point. On the way to the freezer tube bottom, the refrigerant heats up and flows back through the inner tube to the charging point.
  • each freezer lance is preceded by a solenoid valve.
  • the solenoid valve opens and closes depending on the temperature of the exhaust gas flow. The progression of the solidification front is monitored by means of temperature sensors distributed in the ground. Within a short time, usually within a few days, frost bodies of almost any size and shape can be produced.
  • the technique of soil freezing is versatile and has proven itself many times.
  • the low equipment cost, the short lead times for freezing and short freezing times due to the large difference in temperature between the preferred refrigerant nitrogen (- 196 ° C at atmospheric pressure) and the soil, the production of frost bodies of almost any shapes and dimensions and not least the High availability and the environmental friendliness of nitrogen contribute to the success of the process.
  • frozen lances are used, which are constructed of metal tubes.
  • the (outer) freezing tube is made of steel and the inner tube of copper.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned above and a method for carrying out civil engineering works to the effect that the technique of soil freezing can be used easily and efficiently in these areas.
  • the freezing tube and the inner tube consists of a material that can be destroyed by a civil engineering machine without affecting the operational capability of the machine.
  • the freezing tube and / or the inner tube at least partially consists of a brittle or soft material.
  • a brittle is understood here a material that splinters in the propulsion of a machine or otherwise decomposed into small parts.
  • “Brittle” in this sense is also a composite material in which small, unbreakable parts are connected to predetermined breaking points.
  • soft here is understood a material that has a much lower hardness than the material of the processing machine. This may be, for example, copper, a copper alloy or plastic.
  • the at least partially brittle or soft consistency of the freezing lance makes it possible to leave the freezing lance also in civil engineering work through the frost body in the ground.
  • the freezing lances themselves are destroyed during propulsion of the civil engineering machine without damaging the machine itself.
  • the remains of the lances are removed with the remaining excavation from the workplace. It is essential that the brittle material content on the one hand withstands the thermal load which arises when charging the freeze lance with the refrigerant, for example liquid nitrogen, and on the other does not affect the ability of the lance body to transfer heat from the ground to the refrigerant.
  • the brittle or soft material itself is good heat-conducting, or there are individual sections of a highly conductive, such as metallic material in a frame or matrix construction of a brittle or soft material added. In the latter case, of course, care must be taken to ensure that the size and type of the highly conductive sections are chosen and connected to the remaining parts of the lance in such a way that they can not seriously damage a civil engineering machine.
  • the brittle material is, for example, a ceramic or sintered plastic material, which has a high brittleness and at the same time a high density and cold resistance, in order to prevent the outflow of the refrigerant into the surrounding soil.
  • the brittle material is preferably a composite of a polymer and a filler, also called “plastic compound".
  • a filler also called "plastic compound”.
  • Such materials have been known for a long time and are described, for example, in the article by U. Koch: “Verbundsysteme aus PTFE", Construction 6/2001, p. 69. They comprise a matrix of a thermoplastic material, which is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into which particles of a filler of a mineral or organic material have been added during a sintering process.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • any material that is stable at the sintering temperature of the respective plastic can be used as the filler.
  • the size, shape and chemical composition of the filler particles substantially determine the physical properties of the composite.
  • the mechanical stability and the thermal conductivity of the Adjust composite material in a wide range. It is therefore possible to construct the entire lance body from the composite material.
  • the preferred for the inventive freezing lance composite material includes a filler of a thermally highly conductive material, such as carbon in the form of amorphous carbon or graphite, or a metal powder, such as stainless steel, bronze or copper. Due to the thermally highly conductive inclusions in the plastic matrix, the material produced in this way has a significantly improved thermal conductivity compared to pure sintered plastic.
  • the metallic material such as stainless steel or copper, which is low in any case compared with the metal materials used to date for the production of frozen lances, can be further reduced in particular by the use of amorphous carbon as a filler.
  • amorphous carbon as a filler.
  • multiple fillers is conceivable, one of which, for example, a filler for improving the thermal conductivity, another for increasing the brittleness.
  • a particularly good thermal conductivity can be achieved in particular in a proportion of 20-60% of the highly conductive material, in particular carbon or graphite, in a PTFE matrix.
  • a processing area is equipped with freezing devices and formed in this processing area by charging the freezing devices with a refrigerant frost body.
  • the frozen lances used as freezing devices are made of a material that can be destroyed by the propulsion of civil engineering machine without the labor input or the basic operational capability of the civil engineering machine is affected. Subsequently, a civil engineering machine is driven through the equipped with frozen lances machining area. The thereby detected by the civil engineering machine and at least partially destroyed frozen lances are removed with the excavation of the processing area.
  • the freezing lances according to the invention do not constitute a hindrance to the civil engineering work, since they can be destroyed during propulsion of the machine without the machine being damaged. For the first time it is through possible to carry out earthworks in a frost body equipped with freezing lances; In particular, freezing lances can also be arranged in the area of a later breakthrough in the frost body. As a result, the field of application of soil freezing technology is considerably expanded.
  • the freezing lances according to the invention it is possible, regardless of the arrangement of the lances break out openings, tunnels or other geometric shapes of the frost body, without having to use cutting tools for concrete or steel. It can therefore be used with normal excavation tools or machinery of tunneling or civil engineering for excavation.
  • the arrangement of the lances can be chosen independently of subsequent processing steps and thus the frost body can be formed in an optimal way for the civil engineering measure.
  • the processing area is secured by soil freezing.
  • a frost body is formed in the direction of the tunnel boring machine whose diameter is one to two meters larger than the drill diameter.
  • the tunnel cross-section is evenly covered with a field of 20 to 30 freezing lances of the type according to the invention, which are then charged with liquid nitrogen.
  • the freezing lances are made of a PTFE cementation material with a filler content of 40% amorphous carbon. Due to the thermal contact of the surrounding soil with the -196 ° C cold nitrogen a frost body is formed within 3 to 6 days, which reaches one to two meters deep into the soil. Subsequently, the tunnel boring machine is set in motion.
  • the tunneling machine destroys the freezing lances in its working cross-section without damaging or hindering the operation of the machine in a manner that impedes its functioning.
  • the tunnel boring machine is withdrawn and built a new field of freezing lances.

Abstract

The soil is frozen in the surrounding area in order to block the ground water when a tunnel is to be build. A multitude of tubes is inserted into the soil and filled with fluid nitrogen, resulting in the creation of a solid block suitable for the use of a tunnel boring machine. The tubes are made at least partially of a material breaking easily when touched by the machine. A compound of a synthetic material and metal or carbon is sufficiently brittle as well as thermal conductive. An independent claim is given for a method of freezing the soil using the tubes.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren von Erdreich, mit einem an seiner einen Stirnseite mit einem Gefrierrohrboden geschlossenen Gefrierrohr, in dessen Innenraum ein oberhalb des Gefrierrohrbodens endendes Innenrohr angeordnet ist. Die Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren ein Verfahren zur Durchführung von Tiefbauarbeiten.The invention relates to a device for freezing soil, with a closed at its one end face with a freezing tube bottom freezing tube, in the interior of which a above the freezing tube bottom ending inner tube is arranged. The invention further relates to a method for carrying out civil engineering work.

Derartige Vorrichtungen, die auch als "Gefrierlanzen" bezeichnet werden, kommen insbesondere bei Tiefbauarbeiten zum Einsatz, etwa im Schacht-, Gruben-, Stollen- oder Tunnelbau, um Personal und Gerät vor Erd- und Wassereinbrüchen zu schützen. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise in der DE 3112291A1 beschrieben.Such devices, which are also referred to as "freezing lances", are used in particular in civil engineering work, such as in shaft, mine, tunnel or tunnel construction to protect personnel and equipment against earth and water ingress. Such a device is for example in the DE 3112291A1 described.

Beim Einsatz dieser Vorrichtungen wird das Erdreich innerhalb eines abgegrenzten Bereiches durch thermischen Kontakt mit einem Kältemittel so stark abgekühlt, dass das im Erdreich enthaltende Wasser rings um die eingesetzten Gefrierlanzen gefriert und der Boden dadurch verfestigt und stabilisiert wird. Zu diesem Zweck werden in den zu verfestigten Boden Gefrierlanzen in einer der gewünschten Geometrie des zu gefrierenden Bodenbereichs, der Bodenbeschaffenheit und übrigen Rahmenbedingungen angepassten Anzahl und Weise verlegt. Die Gefrierlanzen werden dabei in Bohrlöcher eingebracht, deren Innendurchmesser geringfügig größer als der Außendurchmesser der Gefrierlanzen ist. Zum Gefrieren des Bodens wird in die zum Bodenbereich hin geschlossene Gefrierlanze das Kältemittel eingeleitet. Die Wärmeübertragung vom Erdreich zum Kältemittel erfolgt durch die Wände des äußeren Gefrierrohrs bzw. des Gefrierrohrbodens hindurch. Bei dem Kältemittel handelt es sich beispielsweise um eine Sole oder ein kryogenes Kältemittel wie z.B. verflüssigter Stickstoff. Das Kältemittel kann entweder über das innerhalb des Gefrierrohrs ausmündende Innenrohr oder über den Ringspalt zwischen Innenrohr und Gefrierrohr in den Bereich des Gefrierrohrbodens gebracht werden. Im ersten Fall wird dem Erdreich bevorzugt Wärme im Bereich des Gefrierrohrbodens entzogen. Dabei erwärmt sich das Kältemittel und fließt durch den Ringspalt zwischen Innenrohr und Gefrierrohr zur Beschickungsstelle zurück. Beispielsweise wird flüssiger Strickstoff durch das Innenrohr zum Gefrierrohrboden geleitet, wo er verdampft und überwiegend im gasförmigen Zustand durch den Ringspalt abströmt. Der gasförmige Stickstoff nimmt bei seinem Lauf durch den Ringspalt ebenfalls Wärmeenergie aus dem Erdreich auf. Im zweiten Fall wird dem Erdreich besonders stark Wärme im Bereich der Beschickungsstelle entzogen. Auf dem Weg zum Gefrierrohrboden erwärmt sich das Kältemittel und strömt durch das Innenrohr zur Beschickungsstelle zurück.When using these devices, the soil within a delimited area by thermal contact with a refrigerant is cooled so much that the water contained in the ground freezes around the frozen lances used and the soil is thereby solidified and stabilized. For this purpose, frozen lances are laid in the ground to be solidified in one of the desired geometry of the ground area to be frozen, the soil conditions and other conditions adapted number and manner. The frozen lances are thereby introduced into boreholes whose inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the freezing lances. To freeze the soil, the refrigerant is introduced into the freezing lance closed to the floor area. The heat transfer from the soil to the refrigerant is carried out through the walls of the outer freezing tube or the freezing tube bottom. The refrigerant is, for example, a brine or a cryogenic refrigerant such as liquefied nitrogen. The refrigerant can be brought into the area of the freezing-tube bottom either via the inner tube which opens out inside the freezing tube or via the annular gap between inner tube and freeze-tube. In the first case, the soil is preferably deprived of heat in the area of the freezing-floor. The refrigerant heats up and flows through the annular gap between the inner tube and the freezer tube back to the point of loading. For example, liquid knit is passed through the inner tube to the freezer tube bottom, where it evaporates and flows predominantly in the gaseous state through the annular gap. The gaseous nitrogen also absorbs heat energy from the soil as it passes through the annular gap. In the second case, the soil is deprived of heat in the area of the charging point. On the way to the freezer tube bottom, the refrigerant heats up and flows back through the inner tube to the charging point.

Durch den thermischen Kontakt mit dem Kältemittel gefriert das Wasser im Erdreich, und nach einiger Zeit bildet sich um die Gefrierlanze ein Frostkörper aus. Mit der Zeit wachsen die Frostkörper benachbarter Gefrierlanzen zusammen und bilden so eine geschlossene Wand, die vor Erd- und Wassereinbruch schützt. Um eine möglichst effiziente Vorgehensweise zu gewährleisten, erfolgt die Stickstoffbeschickung der Gefrierlanzen temperaturgesteuert. Hierzu ist jeder Gefrierlanze ein Magnetventil vorgeschaltet. Mit der dazugehörigen Regelungstechnik öffnet und schließt das Magnetventil in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur des Abgasstroms. Das Fortschreiten der Erstarrungsfront wird über im Erdreich verteilte Temperaturfühler verfolgt. Innerhalb kurzer Zeit, in der Regel innerhalb weniger Tage, lassen sich Frostkörper von fast beliebiger Größe und Form erzeugen. Die Technik des Erdreichgefrierens ist vielseitig einsetzbar und hat sich mannigfach bewährt. Insbesondere der geringe apparativer Aufwand, die kurzen Vorlaufzeiten für die Gefrierarbeiten und die kurzen Gefrierzeiten aufgrund des großen Temperaturunterschiedes zwischen dem bevorzugten Kältemittel Stickstoff (- 196 °C bei Atmosphärendruck) und dem Erdreich, das Herstellen von Frostkörpern nahezu beliebiger Formen und Ausdehnungen und nicht zuletzt die hohe Verfügbarkeit und die Umweltfreundlichkeit des Stickstoffs tragen zum Erfolg des Verfahrens bei.Due to the thermal contact with the refrigerant, the water freezes in the soil, and after some time, a frost body forms around the freezing lance. Over time, the frost bodies of neighboring frozen lances grow together to form a closed wall that protects against the ingress of water and soil. To ensure the most efficient possible procedure, the nitrogen feed of the freezing lances is temperature-controlled. For this purpose, each freezer lance is preceded by a solenoid valve. With the associated control technology, the solenoid valve opens and closes depending on the temperature of the exhaust gas flow. The progression of the solidification front is monitored by means of temperature sensors distributed in the ground. Within a short time, usually within a few days, frost bodies of almost any size and shape can be produced. The technique of soil freezing is versatile and has proven itself many times. In particular, the low equipment cost, the short lead times for freezing and short freezing times due to the large difference in temperature between the preferred refrigerant nitrogen (- 196 ° C at atmospheric pressure) and the soil, the production of frost bodies of almost any shapes and dimensions and not least the High availability and the environmental friendliness of nitrogen contribute to the success of the process.

Da während der Bodenkühlung die Wärme über zumindest einen Großteil der Längserstreckung einer Gefrierlanze aus dem umgebenden Erdreich aufgenommen wird, sind gut wärmeleitende Rohrwände der Gefrierlanzen unabdingbar für die erfolgreiche Durchführung des Verfahrens. Aus diesem Grunde werden Gefrierlanzen eingesetzt, die aus Metallrohren aufgebaut sind. Beispielsweise besteht das (äußere) Gefrierrohr aus Stahl und das Innenrohr aus Kupfer.Since the heat is absorbed by the surrounding soil during the cooling of the floor over at least a major part of the length of a freezing lance, well heat-conducting tube walls of the freezing lances are indispensable for the successful implementation of the method. For this reason, frozen lances are used, which are constructed of metal tubes. For example, the (outer) freezing tube is made of steel and the inner tube of copper.

Da die im Frostkörper befindlichen Metallrohre der Gefrierlanzen die bei den Tiefbaumaßnahmen eingesetzten Maschinen beschädigen können, werden keine Tiefbauarbeiten durch den mit Gefrierlanzen bestückten Frostkörper hindurch durchgeführt. Da die Entfernung der im Frostkörper eingelassenen Lanzen sehr aufwändig ist, behilft man sich in diesen Fällen damit, alternative Verfahren, wie beispielsweise das HDI-Verfahren (Hochdruckinjektion von Zement) einzusetzen. Eine andere Möglichkeit ist, die Lanzengeometrie und den Einbringungsort der Lanzen so zu wählen, dass die Lanzen nicht in das unmittelbare Bearbeitungsgebiet der Tiefbaumaschinen hineinreichen. Eine Kombination aus HDI-Verfahren und Bodengefrierverfahren ist in der DE 199 538 19 A1 beschrieben. Dennoch führen solche Alternativverfahren häufig zu unbefriedigenden Ergebnissen, da insbesondere die Ausbildung eines geschlossenen Frostkörpers nicht oder nur unter unvertretbar hohem Aufwand gewährleistet werden kann.Since the metal pipes located in the frost body of the freezing lances can damage the machines used in the civil engineering measures, no civil engineering work is carried out through the equipped with freezing lances frost body through. Since the removal of lances embedded in the frost body is very complex, it is helpful in these cases to use alternative methods, such as, for example, the HDI method (high-pressure injection of cement). Another possibility is to select the lance geometry and the location of the lances so that the lances do not extend into the immediate processing area of the civil engineering machines. A combination of HDI process and bottom freezing is in the DE 199 538 19 A1 described. Nevertheless, such alternative methods often lead to unsatisfactory results, since in particular the formation of a closed frost body can not be guaranteed or only at an unreasonably high cost.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist demnach, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art sowie ein Verfahren zur Durchführung von Tiefbauarbeiten dahingehend zu verbessern, dass die Technik des Bodengefrierens auch in diesen Bereichen einfach und effizient eingesetzt werden kann.Object of the present invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned above and a method for carrying out civil engineering works to the effect that the technique of soil freezing can be used easily and efficiently in these areas.

Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art und Zweckbestimmung dadurch, das das Gefrierrohr und das Innenrohr aus einem Material besteht, das durch eine Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine zerstört werden kann, ohne die Einsatzfähigkeit der Bearbeitungsmaschine zu beeinträchtigen. Vorzugsweise besteht dabei das Gefrierrohr und/oder das Innenrohr zumindest abschnittsweise aus einem spröden oder weichen Material. Als "spröde" wird hier ein Material verstanden, das beim Vortrieb einer Bearbeitungsmaschine zersplittert oder in anderer Weise in kleine Teile zerlegt wird. "Spröde" in diesem Sinne ist auch ein Verbundmaterial, bei dem kleine, bruchfeste Teile an Sollbruchstellen miteinander verbunden sind. Als "weich" wird hier ein Material verstanden, das eine wesentlich geringere Härte als das Material der Bearbeitungsmaschine aufweist. Hierbei kann es sich beispielsweise um Kupfer, einer Kupferlegierung oder aus Kunststoff handeln.This object is achieved in a device of the type and purpose specified in the fact that the freezing tube and the inner tube consists of a material that can be destroyed by a civil engineering machine without affecting the operational capability of the machine. Preferably, the freezing tube and / or the inner tube at least partially consists of a brittle or soft material. As a "brittle" is understood here a material that splinters in the propulsion of a machine or otherwise decomposed into small parts. "Brittle" in this sense is also a composite material in which small, unbreakable parts are connected to predetermined breaking points. As "soft" here is understood a material that has a much lower hardness than the material of the processing machine. This may be, for example, copper, a copper alloy or plastic.

Die zumindest teilweise spröde oder weiche Konsistenz der Gefrierlanze ermöglicht es, die Gefrierlanze auch bei Tiefbauarbeiten durch den Frostkörper hindurch im Erdreich zu belassen. Die Gefrierlanzen selbst werden beim Vortrieb der Tiefbaumaschine zerstört, ohne dass die Maschine selbst dabei beschädigt wird. Die Reste der Lanzen werden mit dem übrigen Aushub von der Arbeitsstelle entfernt. Wesentlich ist, dass der spröde Materialanteil zum einen der thermischen Belastung standhält, die beim Beschicken der Gefrierlanze mit dem Kältemittel, beispielsweise Flüssigstickstoff, entsteht, und zum anderen nicht die Fähigkeit des Lanzenkörpers beeinträchtigt, Wärme aus dem Erdreich auf das Kältemittel zu übertragen. Aus diesem Grunde ist entweder das spröde oder weiche Material selbst gut wärmeleitend, oder es sind einzelne Abschnitte aus einem gut leitenden, beispielsweise metallischen Material in einer Rahmen- oder Matrixkonstruktion aus einem spröden oder weichen Material aufgenommen. Im letztgenannten Fall ist freilich darauf zu achten, dass Größe und Art der gut leitenden Abschnitte so gewählt und derart mit den übrigen Teilen der Lanze verbunden sind, dass durch sie keine ernsthafte Beschädigung einer Tiefbaumaschine erfolgen kann. Bei dem spröden Material handelt es sich beispielsweise um ein keramisches oder gesintertes Kunststoffmaterial, das eine hohe Sprödigkeit und gleichzeitig eine hohe Dichtigkeit und Kältebeständigkeit aufweist, um das Abströmen des Kältemittels in das umliegende Erdreich zu verhindern.The at least partially brittle or soft consistency of the freezing lance makes it possible to leave the freezing lance also in civil engineering work through the frost body in the ground. The freezing lances themselves are destroyed during propulsion of the civil engineering machine without damaging the machine itself. The remains of the lances are removed with the remaining excavation from the workplace. It is essential that the brittle material content on the one hand withstands the thermal load which arises when charging the freeze lance with the refrigerant, for example liquid nitrogen, and on the other does not affect the ability of the lance body to transfer heat from the ground to the refrigerant. For this reason, either the brittle or soft material itself is good heat-conducting, or there are individual sections of a highly conductive, such as metallic material in a frame or matrix construction of a brittle or soft material added. In the latter case, of course, care must be taken to ensure that the size and type of the highly conductive sections are chosen and connected to the remaining parts of the lance in such a way that they can not seriously damage a civil engineering machine. The brittle material is, for example, a ceramic or sintered plastic material, which has a high brittleness and at the same time a high density and cold resistance, in order to prevent the outflow of the refrigerant into the surrounding soil.

Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem spröden Material um einen Verbundwerkstoff aus einem Polymer und einem Füllstoff, auch "Kunststoff - Compound" genannt. Derartige Werkstoffe sind seit langem bekannt und werden beispielsweise in dem Fachartikel von U. Koch: "Verbundsysteme aus PTFE", Konstruktion 6/2001, S. 69 beschrieben. Sie umfassen eine Matrix aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, bei dem es sich bevorzugt um Polytretrafluorethylen (PTFE) handelt, in die während eines Sinterprozesses Partikel eines Füllstoffes aus einem mineralischen oder organischen Material beigemischt wurde. Als Füllstoff kann dabei grundsätzlich jedes Material zum Einsatz kommen, das bei der Sintertemperatur des jeweiligen Kunststoffes stabil ist. Die Größe, die Form und die chemische Zusammensetzung der Füllstoffpartikel bestimmen wesentlich die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Verbundwerkstoffs. Insbesondere lassen sich durch eine geeignete Wahl des Füllstoffes die mechanische Stabilität und die thermische Leitfähigkeit des Verbundwerkstoffes in einem weiten Bereich einstellen. Es ist daher möglich, den gesamten Lanzenkörper aus dem Verbundmaterial aufzubauen. Der für die erfindungsgemäße Gefrierlanze bevorzugte Verbundwerkstoff beinhaltet einen Füllstoff aus einem thermisch gut leitenden Material, beispielsweise Kohlenstoff in Form von amorpher Kohle oder Graphit, oder ein Metallpulver, wie beispielsweise Edelstahl, Bronze oder Kupfer. Das auf diese Weise hergestellte Material weist aufgrund der thermisch gut leitfähigen Einschlüsse in der Kunststoffmatrix eine gegenüber dem reinem Sinterkunststoff wesentlich verbesserte Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf. Die gegenüber den bisher zum Bau von Gefrierlanzen eingesetzten metallischen Werkstoffen wie Edelstahl oder Kupfer ohnehin geringere Festigkeit des Kunststoffs kann insbesondere durch die Verwendung von amorpher Kohle als Füllstoff weiter reduziert werden. Auch die Verwendung mehrerer Füllstoffe ist vorstellbar, von denen beispielsweise ein Füllstoff für die Verbesserung der thermischen Leitfähigkeit, ein andere für die Erhöhung der Sprödigkeit sorgt. Eine besonders gute thermische Leitfähigkeit lässt sich insbesondere bei einem Anteil von 20-60% des gut leitenden Materials, insbesondere Kohle oder Graphit, in einer PTFE-Matrix erreichen.The brittle material is preferably a composite of a polymer and a filler, also called "plastic compound". Such materials have been known for a long time and are described, for example, in the article by U. Koch: "Verbundsysteme aus PTFE", Construction 6/2001, p. 69. They comprise a matrix of a thermoplastic material, which is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into which particles of a filler of a mineral or organic material have been added during a sintering process. In principle, any material that is stable at the sintering temperature of the respective plastic can be used as the filler. The size, shape and chemical composition of the filler particles substantially determine the physical properties of the composite. In particular, by a suitable choice of the filler, the mechanical stability and the thermal conductivity of the Adjust composite material in a wide range. It is therefore possible to construct the entire lance body from the composite material. The preferred for the inventive freezing lance composite material includes a filler of a thermally highly conductive material, such as carbon in the form of amorphous carbon or graphite, or a metal powder, such as stainless steel, bronze or copper. Due to the thermally highly conductive inclusions in the plastic matrix, the material produced in this way has a significantly improved thermal conductivity compared to pure sintered plastic. The metallic material, such as stainless steel or copper, which is low in any case compared with the metal materials used to date for the production of frozen lances, can be further reduced in particular by the use of amorphous carbon as a filler. The use of multiple fillers is conceivable, one of which, for example, a filler for improving the thermal conductivity, another for increasing the brittleness. A particularly good thermal conductivity can be achieved in particular in a proportion of 20-60% of the highly conductive material, in particular carbon or graphite, in a PTFE matrix.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird auch durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 gelöst. Dabei wird ein Bearbeitungsbereich mit Gefriervorrichtungen bestückt und in diesem Bearbeitungsbereich durch Beschicken der Gefriervorrichtungen mit einem Kältemittel ein Frostkörper gebildet.The object of the invention is also achieved by a method having the features of claim 5. In this case, a processing area is equipped with freezing devices and formed in this processing area by charging the freezing devices with a refrigerant frost body.

Die als Gefriervorrichtungen dabei eingesetzten Gefrierlanzen sind aus einem Material gefertigt, das durch den Vortrieb der Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine zerstört werden kann, ohne dass der Arbeitseinsatz oder die grundsätzliche Einsatzfähigkeit der Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine dadurch beeinträchtigt wird. Anschließend wird eine Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine durch den mit Gefrierlanzen bestückten Bearbeitungsbereich hindurch vorgetrieben. Die dabei von der Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine erfassten und zumindest teilweise zerstörten Gefrierlanzen werden mit dem Aushub aus dem Bearbeitungsbereich abgetragen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Gefrierlanzen stellen dabei keine Behinderung der Tiefbauarbeiten dar, da sie beim Vortrieb der Maschine zerstört werden können, ohne dass dabei die Bearbeitungsmaschine beschädigt wird. Erstmals ist es dadurch möglich, Erdarbeiten in einem mit Gefrierlanzen bestückten Frostkörper durchzuführen; insbesondere können Gefrierlanzen auch im Bereich eines späteren Durchbruchs im Frostkörper angeordnet werden. Hierdurch wird der Einsatzbereich der Erdreichgefriertechnik erheblich erweitert.The frozen lances used as freezing devices are made of a material that can be destroyed by the propulsion of civil engineering machine without the labor input or the basic operational capability of the civil engineering machine is affected. Subsequently, a civil engineering machine is driven through the equipped with frozen lances machining area. The thereby detected by the civil engineering machine and at least partially destroyed frozen lances are removed with the excavation of the processing area. The freezing lances according to the invention do not constitute a hindrance to the civil engineering work, since they can be destroyed during propulsion of the machine without the machine being damaged. For the first time it is through possible to carry out earthworks in a frost body equipped with freezing lances; In particular, freezing lances can also be arranged in the area of a later breakthrough in the frost body. As a result, the field of application of soil freezing technology is considerably expanded.

Durch den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Gefrierlanzen ist es möglich, unabhängig von der Anordnung der Lanzen Durchbrüche, Tunnel oder andere geometrische Formen aus dem Frostkörper herauszubrechen, ohne Schneidwerkzeuge für Beton oder Stahl einsetzen zu müssen. Es kann daher mit normalen Vortriebwerkzeugen oder Maschinen des Tunnel- oder Tiefbaus zum Erdaushub gearbeitet werden. Die Anordnung der Lanzen kann so unabhängig von späteren Bearbeitungsschritten gewählt und so der Frostkörper in einer für die Tiefbaumaßnahme optimalen Weise geformt werden.By using the freezing lances according to the invention, it is possible, regardless of the arrangement of the lances break out openings, tunnels or other geometric shapes of the frost body, without having to use cutting tools for concrete or steel. It can therefore be used with normal excavation tools or machinery of tunneling or civil engineering for excavation. The arrangement of the lances can be chosen independently of subsequent processing steps and thus the frost body can be formed in an optimal way for the civil engineering measure.

Beispielexample

Um den sehr starken Grundwasserandrang beim Bau eines Tunnels abzuschotten, wird der Bearbeitungsbereich durch Erdreichgefrieren gesichert. Dadurch wird in Arbeitsrichtung der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine ein Frostkörper gebildet, dessen Durchmesser um ein bis zwei Meter größer als der Bohrdurchmesser ist. Hierzu wird der Tunnelquerschnitt gleichmäßig mit einem Feld von 20 bis 30 Gefrierlanzen der erfindungsgemäßen Bauart belegt, die anschließend mit flüssigem Stickstoff beschickt werden. Die Gefrierlanzen bestehen aus einem PTFE-Vermundmaterial mit einem Füllstoffanteil von 40% amorpher Kohle. Durch den Wärmekontakt des umgebenden Erdreichs mit dem -196°C kalten Stickstoff wird innerhalb von 3 bis 6 Tagen ein Frostkörper gebildet, der ein bis zwei Meter tief in das Erdreich hineinreicht. Anschließend wird die Tunnelvortriebsmaschine in Gang gesetzt. Bei ihrer Bewegung in Vortriebsrichtung zerstört die Tunnelvortriebsmaschine die in ihrem Arbeitsquerschnitt gelegenen Gefrierlanzen, ohne dass die Maschine dadurch in einer ihrer Funktionsfähigkeit beeinträchtigenden Weise beschädigt oder in ihrer Arbeit behindert wird. Nach dem Vortrieb um eine gewisse Strecke, beispielsweise 0,5 bis 1 Meter wird die Tunnelvortriebsmaschine zurückgezogen und ein neues Feld aus Gefrierlanzen aufgebaut.In order to seal off the very strong groundwater rush when building a tunnel, the processing area is secured by soil freezing. As a result, a frost body is formed in the direction of the tunnel boring machine whose diameter is one to two meters larger than the drill diameter. For this purpose, the tunnel cross-section is evenly covered with a field of 20 to 30 freezing lances of the type according to the invention, which are then charged with liquid nitrogen. The freezing lances are made of a PTFE cementation material with a filler content of 40% amorphous carbon. Due to the thermal contact of the surrounding soil with the -196 ° C cold nitrogen a frost body is formed within 3 to 6 days, which reaches one to two meters deep into the soil. Subsequently, the tunnel boring machine is set in motion. As it moves in the direction of advance, the tunneling machine destroys the freezing lances in its working cross-section without damaging or hindering the operation of the machine in a manner that impedes its functioning. After driving through a certain distance, for example, 0.5 to 1 meter, the tunnel boring machine is withdrawn and built a new field of freezing lances.

Claims (5)

Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren von Erdreich, mit einem an seiner einen Stirnseite mit einem Gefrierrohrboden geschlossenen Gefrierrohr, in dessen Innenraum ein oberhalb des Gefrierrohrbodens endendes Innenrohr angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gefrierrohr und das Innenrohr aus einem Material besteht, das durch eine Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine zerstört werden kann, ohne die Einsatzfähigkeit der Bearbeitungsmaschine zu beeinträchtigen.Apparatus for freezing soil, comprising a freezer tube closed at its one end face with a freezing tube bottom, in the interior of which an inner tube ending above the freezing tube bottom is arranged, characterized in that the freezing tube and the inner tube are made of a material that passes through a civil engineering machine can be destroyed without affecting the usability of the processing machine. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gefrierrohr und/oder das Innenrohr zumindest abschnittsweise aus einem spröden oder weichen Material besteht.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the freezing tube and / or the inner tube at least partially consists of a brittle or soft material. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als sprödes Material ein Verbundwerkstoff aus einem Kunststoff und einem Füllstoff aus einem thermisch gut leitenden Material, insbesondere Metall oder Kohlenstoff eingesetzt wird.Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that a composite material of a plastic and a filler of a thermally highly conductive material, in particular metal or carbon is used as a brittle material. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbundwerkstoff eine PTFE-Matrix mit einen Füllstoffanteil von 20-60% des thermisch gut leitenden Materials aufweist.Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the composite material comprises a PTFE matrix having a filler content of 20-60% of the thermally highly conductive material. Verfahren zur Durchführung von Tiefbauarbeiten, bei dem ein Bearbeitungsbereich mit Gefriervorrichtungen bestückt und durch Beschicken der Gefriervorrichtungen mit einem Kältemittel im Bearbeitungsbereich ein Frostkörper gebildet wird, anschließend eine Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine durch den Bearbeitungsbereich vorgetrieben wird und die Gefriervorrichtungen ganz oder teilweise zerstört und mit dem Aushub aus dem Bearbeitungsbereich abgetragen werden, wobei die Gefriervorrichtungen aus einem Material gefertigt sind, das durch die Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine zerstört werden kann, ohne den Arbeitseinsatz der Tiefbau-Bearbeitungsmaschine zu beeinträchtigen.A method for performing civil engineering works, in which a processing area is equipped with freezing devices and a frost body is formed by charging the freezing devices with a refrigerant in the processing area, then a civil engineering machine is driven through the processing area and the freezing devices are completely or partially destroyed and out of the excavation are removed from the processing area, wherein the freezing devices are made of a material that can be destroyed by the civil engineering machine, without affecting the labor of the civil engineering machine.
EP07102774.2A 2006-02-21 2007-02-21 Device and method for ground freezing Active EP1820903B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07102774T PL1820903T3 (en) 2006-02-21 2007-02-21 Device and method for ground freezing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006007980A DE102006007980B3 (en) 2006-02-21 2006-02-21 Arrangement for freezing soil in tunneling, comprises freezing tubes partly made of brittle material

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1820903A2 true EP1820903A2 (en) 2007-08-22
EP1820903A3 EP1820903A3 (en) 2012-06-06
EP1820903B1 EP1820903B1 (en) 2014-09-10

Family

ID=37964150

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07102774.2A Active EP1820903B1 (en) 2006-02-21 2007-02-21 Device and method for ground freezing

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1820903B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102006007980B3 (en)
PL (1) PL1820903T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010026009A1 (en) * 2010-06-29 2011-12-29 Heiko Kersten Method for covering e.g. sea borehole during production of oil by oil drilling platform, involves carrying out freezing agent stimulation such that temperature difference is caused between coolant and sea water
EP3171104B1 (en) 2015-11-17 2021-01-27 Linde GmbH Device and method for ground freezing
DE102016002133A1 (en) 2016-02-23 2017-08-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for freezing soil by means of freezing lances

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2052184A1 (en) * 1970-10-24 1972-08-03 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Method for producing a deep foundation body
US4505326A (en) * 1983-05-13 1985-03-19 Northwest Alaskan Pipeline Company Heat pipes with shrouded fins and fan
DE19930504A1 (en) * 1999-07-03 2001-01-04 Klemm Bohrtech Drivage with freeze-boring in mines and tunnels uses double headed machine to drill outer and inner strings into rock leaving outer string and bit to case hole for piping in circulating freeze agent.

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19953819A1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2001-05-10 Zueblin Ag Sealing wall for tunnel and shaft drivage through mixed ground installs highpressure injected columns to intersect prior to inserting freezing lances to intersection and non-grouted ground both ends.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2052184A1 (en) * 1970-10-24 1972-08-03 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Method for producing a deep foundation body
US4505326A (en) * 1983-05-13 1985-03-19 Northwest Alaskan Pipeline Company Heat pipes with shrouded fins and fan
DE19930504A1 (en) * 1999-07-03 2001-01-04 Klemm Bohrtech Drivage with freeze-boring in mines and tunnels uses double headed machine to drill outer and inner strings into rock leaving outer string and bit to case hole for piping in circulating freeze agent.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1820903B1 (en) 2014-09-10
DE102006007980B3 (en) 2007-08-02
PL1820903T3 (en) 2015-02-27
EP1820903A3 (en) 2012-06-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0077943B1 (en) Method of constructing a tunnel
EP0646213B2 (en) Process and tool for laying underground collector mains for liquids and gases
EP1820903B1 (en) Device and method for ground freezing
EP2825715A2 (en) Method and apparatus for introducing or sinking cavities in rock
WO2000053883A1 (en) Moulten bath drilling method
EP0362856B1 (en) Process and apparatus for purifiying polluted soils
DE102009023142B4 (en) Method and device for introducing a geothermal probe into the soil
EP1923569A1 (en) Geothermal heat probe
DE3112291A1 (en) Soil-freezing arrangement
DE102007018338B4 (en) Apparatus and method for particle blasting using frozen gas particles
DE2505668C3 (en) Device for horizontal drilling through layers of earth and sand
DE1240789B (en) Device for driving a route or a shaft in sandy or water-containing soil
EP0353219B1 (en) Shield tail for a shield tunneling machine and method for sealing the circular gap between the shield tail and lining elements
EP3211137A1 (en) Method for freezing soil using freezing lances
WO2013053582A1 (en) Method for repairing surface damage to a turbomachine component
DE3530469A1 (en) Nocturnal landfill seals with mining mining
EP3848512A1 (en) Method for creating a foundation element in the ground and foundation element
DE102006060776A1 (en) Component e.g. for drilling machine for drilling into geological rock formation, has drilling machine having compatible base body with coating provided and ductile metal base material embedded with hard material particles
DE202018100857U1 (en) Shield tail of a tunnel boring machine with integrated floor freezing pipes
DE4107455A1 (en) METHOD FOR THE ACCELERATED FREEZING OF EARTH
EP1548228B1 (en) Method of forming an underground bore and apparatus for carrying out the same
DE3717840C2 (en)
DE1271733B (en) Erdbehaelter for storing liquefied gases at low temperatures and process for the production of such containers
DE10151925B4 (en) Method and device for breaking off an existing and simultaneous creation of a new pipe laid in the ground
DE19622241A1 (en) Method for breaking up hard materials by jets of fluid in tunnelling or mining by galleries

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: MESSER GROUP GMBH

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: E02D 3/115 20060101AFI20120503BHEP

Ipc: E21D 9/00 20060101ALI20120503BHEP

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20121206

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20140602

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: HATZ, GOTTFRIED

Inventor name: TAUCHMANN, JENS

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 686775

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20141015

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502007013432

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20141016

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20141211

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20140910

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PL

Ref legal event code: T3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150112

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150110

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502007013432

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150228

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20150611

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20150221

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20150221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20151030

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150221

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150302

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20070221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140910

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20180228

Year of fee payment: 12

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502007013432

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190903

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20221214

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20230307

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20230125

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20231213

Year of fee payment: 18