Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D5/00—Other wind motors
  • F03D5/005—Wind motors having a single vane which axis generate a conus or like surface
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/20—Rotors
  • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
  • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
  • F05B2240/212—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Darrieus type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2250/00—Geometry
  • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
  • F05B2250/23—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic
  • F05B2250/232—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic conical
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2250/00—Geometry
  • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
  • F05B2250/24—Geometry three-dimensional ellipsoidal
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2260/00—Function
  • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2260/00—Function
  • F05B2260/90—Braking
  • F05B2260/903—Braking using electrical or magnetic forces
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
  • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine and finds particular application to the supply of electricity, the pumping of water or the storage of potential energy.
• Wind turbines are generally classified into two main families: vertical axis wind turbines and horizontal axis wind turbines.
• the horizontal axis wind turbine is probably the most well known and widespread type of wind turbine.
• This type of wind turbine generally comprises three blades 1, 2, 3 fastened by one of them 1a, 2a, 3a at their two ends at the same single point 5 of a mast, or of a tower, vertical 4. These blades 1, 2, 3 cause a horizontal axis in rotation, which is connected to an alternator or generator in a drive device 12, or nacelle.
• This type of wind turbine is considered the direct descendant of windmills, which can be said to have been replaced by airplane wings.
• the height H of the mast 4 has an influence on the power since the fast winds are in height.
• the length of the blades 1, 2,3 also influences the power, since these blades delimit the surface S of the swept air disk and that the power supplied is proportional to this surface S.
• a second major disadvantage is that a horizontal axis wind turbine is unidirectional. It therefore requires an orientation device, with a motor, so as to change this orientation according to the direction of the wind. This orientation device is generally integrated inside the nacelle 12, or associated with it, and thus at the top of the mast 4. Moreover, this type of wind turbine generates a noise nuisance, essentially related to the speed of the engine. attack of the air disk by the blades and the coaxial thrust.
• the vertical axis wind turbine an example of which is shown in the figure
• FIG. 1b better known as a "Darrieus" wind turbine, comprises two (or three) blades 1, 2 fixed at their ends 1a, 2a and 1b, 2b respectively in the same manner. single low point and the same single high point of the mast, or tower, vertical 4.
• the rotor thus formed is parabolic, but it can also be cylindrical or frustoconical.
• the height H of the mast 4 has, here again, an influence on the power since the fast winds are in height and the upper ends 1b, 2b of the blades 1, 2 can not climb higher than the top of the mast 4.
• constant height H, the length of the blades 1, 2 and their curvature also influence the power, since these blades delimit the surface S of the cylinder or the air duct swept and the power is proportional to this surface S.
• This type of wind turbine has, in particular, compared to horizontal axis wind turbines, the advantage of allowing easier maintenance, since all the engines are on the ground, or close to the ground, in the drive device 12 which comprises between other the generator energy. Moreover, at equal power, the noise pollution is reduced. In addition, this type of wind turbine is omnidirectional, and therefore does not require electronic orientation control.
• this type of wind turbine requires the use of struts or stays 6.7, from the top of the mast to keep the assembly on the ground.
• the surface area occupied by the guying becomes very substantial. Indeed, the 6,7 shrouds considerably limit the equatorial diameter, so the swept surface, therefore the power.
• H at a constant mast height H, to obtain a swept surface substantially equivalent to that swept by the horizontal axis wind turbine of FIG. 1a, it is necessary to increase the length and the curvature of the blades 1, 2 in order to 'increase the equatorial diameter so that it goes from D to D'. But to do this, we must separate the guying in the way represented by the guys 6 ', 7', resulting in a floor occupied area that becomes huge.
• the vertical axis wind turbine of the invention comprises blades which are connected to the mast only at a single low point.
• the blades can climb much higher than with a wind turbine of the state of the art, with the consequence of capturing even faster winds, a larger swept surface, and therefore a better yield.
• each upper end of the blades is connected to the same single low point of the mast, via a rigid lever. These levers are supported on the mast, allowing to take the force applied by the fast winds at the top of the blades to transmit down at a rotary bearing. This makes it possible to reduce the shearing effect, to eliminate the use of struts or shrouds, and to get rid of a starting mechanism since the wind turbine starts alone.
• the invention thus relates to a vertical axis wind turbine comprising at least two blades connected by their respective lower ends to a rotary bearing of a mast.
• the wind turbine is characterized in that each of the blades is also connected by its upper end to the rotary bearing of the mast by means of a rigid lever which bears on this mast and is connected to this rotary bearing.
• the link between the rigid lever and the rotary bearing is formed by the top of this rotary bearing.
• connection between the lever rigid and the rotary bearing is made from below this rotating bearing.
• the length of the blades is greater than the length of the levers.
• the distance between the rotary bearing and the top of the mast is less than the distance between the top of the mast and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast. Preferably, this distance is less than one third of the distance between the top of the mast and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast.
• the distance between the rotary bearing and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast is greater than twice the height of the mast.
• the equatorial diameter is greater than the height of the mast.
• this equatorial diameter is greater than three times the height of the mast.
• the wind turbine of the invention comprises a first and a second electromagnetic element located respectively above and below the rotary bearing, and a means of adjustable power supply in polarity and intensity for electrically powering these electromagnetic elements.
• the vertical axis wind turbine of the invention advantageously makes it possible to obtain in particular a high efficiency, thanks in particular to the swept surface and the omnidirectional character. It also allows greater safety, thanks in particular to the double point of attachment of the blades and to the maintenance of the machines which can be carried out on the ground.
• the wind turbine of the invention is also quieter and thus reduces the noise.
• Figures 1a, 1b schematically and respectively represent two wind turbines of the prior art
• Figures 2a, 2b schematically show an example of a wind embodiment of the invention in two respective views in three dimensions and projected in two dimensions
• Figure 3 shows schematically a portion of the drive device of the wind turbine of the invention.
• Figures 1a and 1b show schematically and respectively a horizontal axis wind turbine of the state of the art and a vertical axis wind turbine of the state of the art, and have been described previously.
• Figures 2a and 2b show schematically an embodiment of the wind turbine of the invention.
• the wind turbine is shown in a three-dimensional view. It comprises a mast, or tower, vertical 4, a height H, and a rotary bearing 5. At this rotary bearing 5 are connected three blades 1, 2,3 at their respective lower ends 1a, 2a, 3a.
• the rotary bearing 5 also supports three rigid levers 8, 9, 10, preferably metal, which are respectively connected to the three upper ends 1b, 2b, 3b of the three blades 1, 2, 3.
• the levers 8, 9, 10 rest on the mast 4, thus making it possible to take up the force applied by the fast winds at the top of the blades to transmit it downwards.
• the wind turbine can start alone.
• the wind turbine therefore has three blades, but it could just as well include two or more than three.
• they are in the same plane which also contains the vertical axis of rotation.
• connection between each lever 8,9,10 with the rotary bearing 5 is from above this bearing.
• this connection can be made from below.
• This figure 2b also shows the drive device 12, a part of which will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
• the wind turbine shown in FIG. 2b or more precisely its rotor, therefore has an equatorial diameter D and a corresponding scanning surface S.
• the scanned surface S is much larger.
• the ratio between the surface swept by the wind turbine of the invention, and the surface swept by one of the wind turbines of the prior art (FIGS. 1a and 1b), constant height H of the mast is at least seven.
• the length of the blades 1, 2 is much greater than the length of the levers 8, 9.
• the curvature of the blades thus obtained makes it possible to achieve a high value for the equatorial diameter, without increasing the height H of the mast.
• the equatorial diameter D is greater than the height of the mast 4.
• the equatorial diameter D is greater than three times the height of the mast 4.
• the rotary bearing 5 is located near the top of the mast 4.
• the lower ends 1a, 2a blades 1, 2 are also located near the top of the mast 4, and the upper ends
• the distance between the rotary bearing 5 and the top of the mast 4 is less than the distance between the top of the mast
• this distance between the rotary bearing 5 and the top of the mast 4 is less than one third of the distance between the top of the mast 4 and the projection of the upper ends 1b, 2b of the blades 1, 2 on the vertical axis of the mast 4 (or axis of rotation).
• the rotor at a constant mast height H, the rotor reaches a height at least three times greater than the height reached by the rotor of any of the wind turbines of the prior art (FIGS. 1a and 1b). ).
• Figure 3 schematically shows a portion of the device 12 for driving the wind turbine of the invention.
• the rotary bearing 5, which rotates around the mast 4 to which it is connected by bearings 15, is connected to a multiplier 16 via a primary shaft 19.
• This multiplier 16 is connected to a generator, or alternator, 17 via a secondary shaft 20.
• a brake 18 Between the multiplier 16 and the generator 17 is disposed a brake 18.
• two electromagnetic elements 13, 14 are arranged around the mast 4, respectively above and below the rotary bearing 5. It may be, for example, electromagnetic coils which act as a speed regulator. rotation of the slow shaft as well as additional brake for increased safety.
• electromagnetic elements 13, 14 are electrically powered by a power supply means 11 adjustable in polarity and intensity.
• a power supply means 11 adjustable in polarity and intensity.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)
• Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2004
  • 2004-11-18 FR FR0412262A patent/FR2878001B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-11-17 CA CA002628592A patent/CA2628592A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-11-17 RU RU2007122489/06A patent/RU2382233C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-11-17 EP EP05818201A patent/EP1819926A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-11-17 AU AU2005305704A patent/AU2005305704A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-11-17 US US11/719,570 patent/US20090074581A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-11-17 CN CN200580039552A patent/CN100575697C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-11-17 BR BRPI0518442-8A patent/BRPI0518442A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-11-17 WO PCT/FR2005/002859 patent/WO2006053987A1/fr active Application Filing

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