EP1815944B1 - Méthode et appareil pour rectifier des trous d'alésage. - Google Patents

Méthode et appareil pour rectifier des trous d'alésage. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1815944B1
EP1815944B1 EP07002277A EP07002277A EP1815944B1 EP 1815944 B1 EP1815944 B1 EP 1815944B1 EP 07002277 A EP07002277 A EP 07002277A EP 07002277 A EP07002277 A EP 07002277A EP 1815944 B1 EP1815944 B1 EP 1815944B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bore
honing
movement
honing tool
tool
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EP07002277A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1815944A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolf Nagel
Uwe-Peter-Dr. Weigmann
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Nagel Maschinen und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH
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Nagel Maschinen und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH
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Priority claimed from EP06002093A external-priority patent/EP1815943A1/fr
Application filed by Nagel Maschinen und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH filed Critical Nagel Maschinen und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/02—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/06—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor with controlling or gauging equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for honing the inner surface of a bore in a workpiece, in particular for honing a cylinder surface in the manufacture of engine blocks for internal combustion engines, as well as a honing machine, which is particularly suitable and configured for carrying out the method, according to the preamble of claim 1 or 19.
  • the European patent application EP 1 321 229 A1 describes a method for producing a bore, which in the unloaded state Has starting shape and in the operating state a deviating from the initial form target shape.
  • the method comprises determining the preforming of a hole with a desired shape in the operating state. By means of the desired shape and the determined deformation, the initial shape is determined and the bore is brought by a machining process in the initial shape.
  • the initial shape produced by the method should assume the desired desired shape in the operating state.
  • the machining method for producing the initial shape is a honing method in which the infeed pressure of at least one honing stone attached to a honing tool is varied during the machining time.
  • Form honing is explained using the example of deformed cylinder blocks in which the cylinder bores have a quadruple-symmetrical fourth-round runout, ie have a bore shape with 4-fold radial symmetry with respect to the bore axis.
  • This non-circular bore shape is achieved by controlling the feed force or the contact pressure of a simply expanding honing tool on the stroke and the rotation angle.
  • the Romanian patent RO 94 952 describes a method and a honing tool for honing the inner surface of cylindrical bores, in which a honing tool is moved within the bore and are pressed against the honing tool attached Honancen for material-removing machining of the inner surface thereof.
  • the honing stones sit within the radial window of the honing tool and guide during the rotational movement the honing tool from a rapid axial oscillation over a relatively short stroke.
  • the oscillatory movement is effected by a cam drive which converts the rotational movement of the honing tool into the axial oscillatory movements of the honing stones.
  • the straight-line oscillating movement of the honing stones takes place at constant speed with a consistently high frequency at all stroke positions.
  • the Patent US 5,681,210 describes a honing tool for honing bores having an elliptical bore cross-section.
  • the honing tool has for this purpose a special mechanism with a camshaft with undulating grooves which control a pair of cam followers to push the honing stones together at each quarter turn.
  • the primary rotational movement of the honing spindle is converted on the one hand into an axial movement of the honing tool and on the other hand into a periodic deflection movement of the honing stones in the radial direction.
  • This forcibly predetermined radial movement causes the feed force or the contact pressure of the honing stones running along the bore wall to change periodically upon rotation of the honing spindle in accordance with the design of the honing tool in order to achieve the elliptical bore shape.
  • the invention provides a method having the features of claim 1 and a honing machine having the features of claim 19.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the oscillating movement generates at least during a certain processing time interval exclusively a directed in the circumferential direction of the bore movement component of the cutting group.
  • the honing tool oscillates within the processing time interval about its tool axis, without an axial feed or an axial vibration component is present.
  • the oscillatory motion generates at least during a processing time interval exclusively a directed in the axial direction of the bore movement component. During this processing time interval thus no rotation of the honing tool takes place about its tool axis.
  • the oscillatory movement has both a directed in the circumferential direction of the bore movement component, and a directed in the axial direction of the bore movement component, so that one can speak so far of a superposition of two oscillatory movements (axial and tangential).
  • the axial stroke of the oscillatory motion is preferably smaller than the axial length of the bore. If the oscillatory movement has a component directed in the circumferential direction of the bore, the angular amplitude of the oscillatory movement is preferably less than 180 °.
  • the oscillatory motion can be generated so that it has a temporally constant oscillation amplitude.
  • the deflection of the cutting group changes relative to the zero position of the oscillatory motion not or not essential.
  • the oscillatory motion is generated such that the oscillatory motion has a time-varying amplitude of vibration within a change time interval.
  • phases with variable oscillation amplitude and phases with constant oscillation amplitude may occur at different times.
  • oscillation movement here stands for a periodically changing component of movement of the cutting group, to which a vibration frequency can be assigned.
  • the oscillatory motion has an oscillation frequency of at least 1 Hz, the oscillation frequency preferably being between 2 Hz and 30 Hz. Frequently, oscillation frequencies between approx. 2 Hz and approx. 10 Hz to 20 Hz make sense.
  • the working movement of the honing tool or of the at least one cutting group attached thereto can, in some embodiments, consist exclusively of a vibratory movement or of a superimposition of several oscillatory movements.
  • material removal takes place mainly in the area around the zero positions of the oscillatory movements defined by the oscillatory movement.
  • This can be useful, for example, in the machining of bores whose bore length to be machined is smaller than the effective length of the honing tool or essentially corresponds to this length.
  • This variant of the method may also be useful when e.g. only a comparatively short axial area is to be machined within an axially long bore.
  • a translational movement of the cutting group superimposed on the oscillatory motion is along the inner surface generated in accordance with at least one displacement parameter and the displacement movement is controlled so that in conjunction with the superimposed vibration movement of the locally over the inner surface varying material removal is achieved.
  • a motion component resulting from the displacement motion is significantly slower than the motion component resulting from the vibration motion.
  • the displacement movement is preferably aperiodic and / or the displacement movement has a very slow change in the direction of displacement and / or the speed of displacement compared to the vibration movement.
  • the optional displacement movement may be particularly useful if the length of the bore to be machined is significantly greater than the effective length of a honing tool.
  • the displacement movement can only have a directed in the circumferential direction of the bore movement component or exclusively directed in the axial direction of the bore movement component. Overlays of these two movements are also possible, so that e.g. a resultant displacement direction may be helical within the bore.
  • the total movement of the oscillating cutting groups can be generated, for example, by the honing tool slowly rotating in the bore, whereas this slow displacement in the circumferential direction is superimposed by a significantly faster oscillation movement in the axial direction and / or in the circumferential direction.
  • the zero point of the oscillation movement can slowly rotate at a uniform or variable rotation speed. It is also a relatively slow displacement movement in the axial direction with a continuous or discontinuously varying feed rate possible, the much faster oscillatory motion superimposed in the circumferential direction and / or axial direction.
  • the lifting speed is controlled as a function of the stroke position.
  • the rotational speed can be controlled as a function of the rotational position or angular position.
  • the oscillation movement or oscillation movement of the cutting group can be adapted to the requirements with regard to the oscillation amplitude, the oscillation frequency and / or the oscillation direction.
  • the displacement movement may be controlled continuously or discontinuously (i.e., with pauses), with the displacement parameter and / or the displacement speed being controlled as displacement parameters in particular.
  • the displacement movement is normally controlled so that each area of the inner surface is reached by at least one cutting material body of a cutting group and processed material removal, so that a material removal can be achieved across the board. It is also possible to process only partial areas of the inner surface by means of the method.
  • the oscillatory motion is generated in such a way that its oscillation amplitude changes in a defined manner within a predefinable processing time interval, it is possible to generate specific bulges in predetermined regions of the bore or at the entire bore by locally increased removal of material continuously connect adjacent edges to adjacent bore areas without bulging.
  • holes can be produced whose inner surfaces in the circumferential direction have selectively continuously varying radii of curvature and / or in the axial direction specifically continuously varying diameters.
  • the shape deviations correspond to a cylindricity error of significantly more than 20 ⁇ m, in particular between 20 ⁇ m and approximately 60 ⁇ m.
  • the cylindricity error is described here by the cylinder shape tolerance.
  • the associated tolerance zone is determined by two to the bore axis and mutually coaxial, the bore inner wall inside or outside touching cylinder, wherein the radial distance between the two cylinders is a measure of the cylinder quality.
  • variable amplitude machining is the creation of oval bore bore holes, ie elliptical cross-section, in which the bore diameters deviate significantly in two mutually perpendicular directions.
  • oval basic shapes of unround holes are, for example sometimes desired in connecting rods of connecting rods for internal combustion engines.
  • Another application relates to the machining of cylinder bores of internal combustion engines, where in some cases in the vicinity of the cylinder head side entry side of the bore a non-circular cylindrical cross-sectional shape with approximately 2-fold radial symmetry and four each offset by 90 ° circumferentially bulges of the bore inner wall (roundness 4th order) may be advantageous.
  • the method makes it possible to control the material removal substantially via the vibration parameter and possibly the displacement parameter, so that it is possible to dispense with a variation of the feed force or the contact pressure of the cutting group.
  • the cutting group is pressed against the inner surface with a substantially constant feed force.
  • cutting material bodies are thus pressed with a substantially constant surface pressure, so that the penetration depth of the cutting grains and thus the surface roughness generated during material removal are largely constant.
  • the surface topography which can be described by roughness parameters is thus largely independent of the macro-shape of the bore. Therefore, even with significant shape deviations from a circular cylindrical shape, a uniform roughness profile can be produced at the bore.
  • the delivery pressure in addition to the oscillation movement and, if necessary, the displacement movement, it is also possible to variably change the delivery pressure in order to achieve the desired spatial distribution of the material removal and / or possibly locally different To produce surface roughness.
  • the delivery force can do this, for example. be controlled as a function of the stroke position and / or the rotational position of the displacement movement.
  • a vibratory motion of variable or constant amplitude of vibration is generated and the control of the displacement motion is performed in response to the desired shape.
  • a total overflow time total processing time or total effective time
  • in combination with a variable amplitude of vibration complex shapes of the bore inner surface are possible.
  • the displacement movement is controlled such that, based on the displacement movement, each area of the inner surface is processed only a maximum of once by a cutting group of the honing tool.
  • the displacement movement may, for example, lead to a single pass through the tool through a hole from top to bottom or vice versa.
  • a particularly fast machining process is possible. To produce larger differences in the removal at different points of the bore is also a multiple pass through possible.
  • the oscillatory movement of the cutting group can be generated by the fact that the cutting group is driven to oscillate relative to the tool body of the honing tool.
  • an oscillating drive integrated in the honing tool can be provided.
  • Preferred variants of the method can be carried out with conventional honing tools by the honing tool is set in the oscillatory movement and displacement movement by means of the required for the tool movement drives.
  • the existing NC axes for stroke and / or rotation of the honing tool can be controlled so that they cause the oscillation.
  • the honing tool for generating the oscillatory motion is set in a circumferentially oscillating motion, preferably without simultaneous axial oscillatory movement.
  • the angular amplitudes of the oscillation movement oscillating in the circumferential direction are typically well below 180 °, in particular at less than 90 ° and / or less than 45 °. For example, they may be less than 30 degrees or less than 20 degrees. In many cases, values of 1 ° to 10 ° have been found to be practicable as the lower limit for the angle amplitude.
  • the angular amplitudes can be controlled to vary depending on the time and / or the stroke position.
  • the oscillatory motion may also have an axially directed component which may be provided alone or in conjunction with a circumferentially directed component. If an axially oscillating movement is provided, its amplitude is typically in the range between about 1% and about 50% of the axial Tool length, ie the axial length, are in the cutting material body in material-removing engagement with the inner surface.
  • the honing tool is placed in a circumferentially oscillating motion having a maximum amplitude of oscillation of at most 90 °, producing a circumferentially bore velocity component of the cutting assembly that is at least as large as a velocity component directed axially of the bore ,
  • a resulting main direction of movement of the variable amplitude oscillation cutting group is substantially in the circumferential direction under these conditions or includes with the circumferential direction only an angle of, for example, a maximum of 5 ° to 45 °.
  • the substantial portion of the material removal is thus carried out in this process variant by the circumferential oscillatory movement, e.g. may have a variable amplitude of vibration.
  • areas with different radii of curvature can be generated selectively in predetermined axial bore sections in order, for example, to produce a substantially oval cross-section or a cross-section with a "cloverleaf" (out-of-roundness).
  • the honing tool is displaced or moved in the axial direction during the oscillation movement oscillating in the circumferential direction with variable amplitude with a time-variable lifting speed, it is possible to produce non-circular bores whose non-circular-cylindrical bore cross-sectional shape continuously varies in the axial direction of the bore.
  • the lifting speed can be controlled as a function of the stroke position.
  • the processing with time-varying oscillation amplitude can be, for example, to produce oval bore cross-sectional shapes use.
  • a honing tool with a single pair of diametrically opposed cutting groups is used and the honing tool is placed in the above-described circumferentially oscillating movement, which has a time-varying oscillation amplitude.
  • the oscillation amplitude typically varies between a minimum value, which may be, for example, 0 ° or less than 10 °, and a maximum value which is 90 ° highest, and is normally at least twice or three times, or four times or five times or ten times larger than that minimum value. In this way, for example, an oval bore cross-sectional shape can be generated.
  • the process begins with a large vibration amplitude of about 90 °. As the process progresses over time, the vibration amplitude is continuously reduced by at least 50% or 70% or more, eg down to about 10 °.
  • a honing tool with four circumferentially offset by 90 ° cutting groups is used and the honing tool is set in the manner described above in a circumferentially oscillating movement with variable amplitude vibration.
  • the maximum value of the vibration amplitude should be here at 45 ° or below.
  • a bore in a defined limited axial region have an enlarged bore cross section with respect to the adjacent axial regions, which in the axial section of the bore represents an axially extending bulge.
  • particularly thin cross-sections, eg, the lands between the cylinders tend to heat more than other areas of the engine block. These thinner ones Areas then expand, which narrows the hole in the area of the lands, causing more wear at that location. By targeted local generation of bulges, these deformations can be kept, so that the wear in these areas is reduced.
  • Such deviations from an ideal circular-cylindrical bore geometry can be generated according to a variant of the method in that the honing tool is displaced within a predefinable machining time interval into a vibrational movement with a variable oscillation amplitude that oscillates in the axial direction over a short-stroke to a predefinable axial position.
  • the stroke of the oscillatory motion which is twice the maximum amplitude of vibration, is typically small relative to the axial bore length and may, for example, be less than 50% or less than 30% of the bore length.
  • the generation of local bulges described here preferably takes place as the last material-removing processing step, so that the bulging is not reduced or eliminated again by subsequent material-removing processing steps.
  • the oscillation amplitude is reduced continuously or stepwise within a change time interval from a maximum oscillation amplitude to a minimum oscillation amplitude, preferably without a subsequent increase in oscillation amplitude. If, in a certain processing range, the process is first started with the maximum oscillation amplitude and the amplitude of oscillation is then reduced stepwise or continuously with the progress of the processing, a particularly uniform surface pressure can be realized, since it is ensured that the cutting group never enters a diameter smaller area enters.
  • a substantially rigid guidance of the axial movement of the honing tool for generating an axial movement of the honing tool substantially parallel to the bore axis of the bore and, if necessary temporally asymmetric, controlling the vibration movement and / or the displacement movement of a one side of the tool axis attached to the honing tool cutting group provided in dependence on the stroke position and / or the angular position of the honing tool.
  • this cutting group causes in their Eingriffswinkei Colour a material removal, without necessarily leading to a comparable material removal on the diametrically opposite side of the bore inner surface.
  • the contact pressure of the cutting group counteracting opposing force is not applied by material-removing cutting material on the diametrically opposite side, but by the substantially rigid guidance of the axial movement of the honing tool, which prevents dodging of the honing tool transverse to the tool axis in one-sided pressing the cutting material body to the bore inner surface.
  • the method can be carried out in particular such that the bore receives a non-circular-cylindrical bore shape, at least in an axial bore section, which deviates significantly from a two-fold radially symmetrical shape with respect to the bore axis.
  • the honing tool is supported for substantially rigid guidance of the axial movement within the bore in an axially slidable manner and substantially immovably transversely to the tool axis. This makes it possible to dispense with outside of the workpiece to be arranged guide devices.
  • a honing tool is used for this purpose, which comprises a set of distributed around the circumference of the honing tool guide rails for axial guidance of the honing tool in the bore, which are preferably fed independently of the cutting group in the direction of the inner surface of the bore, wherein the substantially rigid guidance of the axial movement is achieved in that the guide rails are pressed during the movement of the honing tool in the bore to the inner surface of the bore.
  • the guide rails center the honing tool within the bore.
  • the guide rails are preferably designed so that they generate little or no material removal, which is referred to herein as "substantially non-cutting guide rails".
  • the guide rails can at least in the coming into contact with the inner surface of the bore areas of a plastic, rubber, an elastomer of suitable hardness (eg Vulkollan®), a metal, a hard metal or a ceramic or it can be honing stones with a act high proportion of cutting material.
  • the substantially rigid guidance of the axial movement of the honing tool is attained in that the honing tool is guided axially immovably outside the bore of the workpiece and substantially immovably transversely to the tool axis.
  • a one-sided guide exclusively on the inlet side of the bore a one-sided guide only on the inlet side opposite exit side of the bore (for through holes), or provided a two-sided guide both on the inlet side, as well as on the gegenübinne outlet side be.
  • a rigidly against transverse load coupling of the honing tool to a rigidly guided against transverse load honing spindle may possibly also be sufficient to ensure the rigid guidance of the axial movement of the honing tool. Then possibly can be completely dispensed with guide elements in the field of honing tool.
  • the exclusively external guidance of the axial movement of the honing tool requires the highest accuracy in the relative positioning between the workpiece and the honing tool.
  • a honing tool which has a single separately deliverable cutting group, which preferably has a pressure angle of less than 90 °.
  • the term "pressure angle” here describes the angular range along the circumference of the honing tool, are in the cutting material body of the cutting group in engagement with the bore wall. Often it is advantageous if the pressure angle between about 1 ° and about 70 °, it may for example be between 5 ° and 60 ° and / or between 20 ° and 45 °. The smaller the pressure angle, the more accurate is a complex shape of the contour of the inner surface to be achieved by controlling the feed force in dependence on the angular position of the honing tool. It can also be honing tools be used with several independently deliverable cutting groups.
  • the cutting material bodies can also be distributed symmetrically or almost symmetrically over the circumference of the honing tool. In this case, desired shapes with two-fold or multiple radial symmetry can be generated, since a vibratory movement and displacement movement of the honing tool can equally affect all cutting material bodies. In the substantially rigid guidance of the axial movement of the honing tool can be dispensed with in these cases.
  • the honing process may be carried out in accordance with processing parameters determined before the honing process, which may include in particular the at least one vibration parameter, the at least one displacement parameter, at least one parameter for the delivery force or its temporal change, and further parameters.
  • the vibration parameters may include an amplitude change parameter defining the temporal change of the vibration amplitude.
  • a measurement of the diameter of the bore during machining takes place at at least two measuring positions offset in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction for generating a first and at least one second diameter measuring signal.
  • the diameter measurement signals allow conclusions to be drawn about the current shape of the hole being processed.
  • the diameter is measured simultaneously at at least two mutually offset locations and / or in at least two different directions, even complex bore geometries can be detected in a spatially resolving manner, which, for example, have a defined deviation from an ideal circular-cylindrical shape.
  • Such a measurement can thus be independent of the other features of Invention be particularly useful in all process variants of Formhonen.
  • a control of honing processing is performed in accordance with the at least two diameter measurement signals.
  • a regulation of the machining process is possible.
  • holes with even less deviation from a desired target geometry can be generated at optimized processing times.
  • the oscillation amplitude and / or the change of the oscillation amplitude and / or the frequency of the oscillation and / or at least one displacement parameter and / or the surface pressure can be regulated as a variable.
  • the invention also relates to a honing machine according to claim 19.
  • the motion control device of a conventional honing machine may be modified so that the known long-stroke lifting movement and the circumferential movement of the honing tool an oscillation in the lifting and / or circumferential direction can be superimposed with a significantly shorter stroke.
  • both the lifting and / or circumferential speed of the long-stroke movements, and the lifting and / or peripheral speed of the relatively short-stroke oscillatory motion in each case depending on the lifting and angular position of the honing tool separately adjustable Supporting can also be provided an adjustment to change the contact pressure of the cutting material body in dependence on the lifting and angular position.
  • the motion controller may be configured to include adjustment for suitable amplitude change parameters, in particular for the maximum and minimum vibration amplitude, and a desired time history of the vibration amplitude change during a change time interval.
  • the honing machine has a measuring system for measuring the diameter of the bore during machining at at least two measuring positions offset in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction of the bore for producing a first and at least one second diameter measuring signal.
  • the motion control device is configured as a control device that allows to control the honing processing in accordance with the at least two diameter measurement signals. In this way, without any intervention by an operator, the processing parameters of the honing process can be automatically optimized during processing as needed.
  • the generated bore inner surface is characterized by a very small variation of the roughness. This reduces the material removal required in the subsequent surface-forming machining operations, so that these processes can be carried out in shorter processing times.
  • the machining tracks of the short-stroke machining produced by the oscillatory movement of the cutting group on the inner surface are usually recognizable. As a rule, however, it is the case that these machining tracks are removed again in subsequent machining operations which essentially change only the surface topography.
  • Fig. 1 schematically the front view of a honing machine 100 is shown, which can be used in various embodiments of inventive method for machining inner surfaces of holes in workpieces to perform one or more honing operations on the workpiece.
  • a clamping plate 104 On the machine bed 102 of the honing machine a clamping plate 104 is fixed, which carries a workpiece 106 clamped thereon, which in the example is an engine block of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine.
  • a workpiece 106 clamped thereon which in the example is an engine block of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine.
  • the engine block several cylinder bores are formed with a generally vertical orientation of their cylinder axes.
  • the cylinder surfaces formed by the inner surfaces of the cylinder bores are subjected to a quality-determining finishing on the honing machine, in which both the macro-shape of the cylinder surfaces, as well as their surface topography is produced by suitable honing processes.
  • two essentially identical honing units 110, 112 are mounted on a portal-like support structure 108 and can be used alternately or simultaneously during workpiece machining. Their structure is explained in more detail with reference to the honing unit 110.
  • the honing unit comprises a spindle box 114 mounted on the support structure and guiding the honing spindle 120.
  • the honing spindle can be rotated around its longitudinal axis by means of a spindle motor 118 attached to the spindle box.
  • the lower end of the honing spindle is formed by a joint rod, at the lower, free end of which the honing tool 150 serving as a machining tool is mechanically coupled in a limited manner.
  • a linear actuator 124 mounted on the headstock 114 effects vertical movement of the honing spindle upon insertion of the tool into the workpiece or withdrawal from the workpiece and is controlled during the honing process so that the honing tool makes vertical reciprocation within the bore of the workpiece ,
  • the spindle motor 118 and the linear actuator 124 are driven by a motion controller 180, which forms a subsystem of the overall control of the honing machine.
  • the motion controller 180 controls all honing axes of the honing machine.
  • This control system is used to create the added compared to conventional Honsystemen vibrational movement of the cutting group and to superimpose the displacement movement.
  • a suitable work program of the computer numerical control can be provided.
  • the following parameters can be set in the controller as a function of the stroke and angular position of the honing tool: (1) stroke and / or peripheral speed of the long-stroke displacement movements; (2) Lifting and / or peripheral speed of the shorter-stroke oscillatory movements.
  • the honing machine is equipped with a feed system 140 which comprises two independently operable feeders associated with different sets of elements on the honing tool.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic, oblique perspective view of a cylinder block (engine block) 200 for a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine.
  • the cylinder block consisting of a cast material or a light metal material
  • four axially parallel cylinder bores 201, 202, 203, 204 are arranged at equal distances in series next to one another in such a way that their central bore axes lie in a common plane (cylinder plane 212).
  • cylinder plane 212 From the upper side of the cylinder block are provided with internal thread holes 215 axially parallel to the cylinder bores so introduced that four of these holes are evenly distributed around the circumference of a cylinder bore.
  • the holes 215 serve to receive cylinder head bolts, with the help of which, after completion of the processing of the cylinder block, the associated cylinder head is screwed onto the cylinder block 200 with the interposition of a cylinder head gasket.
  • the cylinder block 200 is a structurally non-uniform workpiece, in which in particular each of the cylinder bores 201-204 has a different workpiece environment, in particular with regard to the wall thickness in the region of the cylinder bores and also by different connections to the coolant channels of the engine block internal cooling system.
  • the inboard cylinder bores 202 and 203 of the second and third cylinders each have two adjacent cylinder bores in the cylinder plane, while the outboard cylinder bores (Cylinders 1 and 4) only have a respective inner adjacent cylinder bore and border on the opposite side to thicker wall sections of the workpiece.
  • a honing tool 250 is coupled, in which it is a gimbal-mounted honing tool with double widening.
  • the honing tool has a tool body 255 which carries on one side of its circumference a cutting group 260 formed by a single honing stone, which can be delivered or withdrawn in the radial direction to the bore inner wall by means of a not-shown cutting group delivery system.
  • the cutting group 260 is attached on one side to the honing tool.
  • the feed movement of both the guide rails and the cutting group and the respectively applied feed force are controlled independently by means of a feed force control device 290 of the honing machine.
  • the movements of the Honing tools within the bore are controlled by the motion controller 280.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an axial section through a cylinder bore 303 of an engine block 300.
  • a honing tool is introduced, of which only a honing stone 360 is shown, which forms the only cutting group of the honing tool and which is in cutting engagement with the inner surface 330 of the bore ,
  • a work program is active, which controls a vibratory movement and a displacement movement of the honing tool and the cutting group superimposed on the oscillating motion.
  • the oscillatory motion is composed of a circumferentially directed component (direction of the vector V 2 ) and an axially directed component (direction of the vector V 1 ), wherein both the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency can be set as vibration parameters on the motion control device ,
  • the oscillation amplitude in the axial direction (vector V 1 ) is set to the value 0, so that there is only an oscillatory movement in the circumferential direction (vector V 2 ), in which the cutting group 360 is oscillating in the circumferential direction with an angle amplitude of approximately 4 ° and a frequency of about 2 Hz is reciprocated.
  • This oscillatory machining movement in conjunction with that provided by the feed force controller constant predetermined contact pressure at the site of the cutting group a material removal, the amount of which is substantially proportional to the present at each location processing time (or iw inversely proportional to the local displacement speed).
  • the oscillation movement is superimposed on a displacement movement of the cutting group in the direction of the displacement vector V 3 , whereby both the direction and the speed of this displacement movement (speed v 3 ) can be predetermined as displacement parameters on the motion control device.
  • the direction of the displacement movement is variable and ensures that the cutting group reaches all areas of the bore inner surface.
  • the displacement movement is parameterized in such a way that the honing bar 360 generates a rotational movement (in the circumferential direction), which is applied to the classical honing, in conjunction with an alternating stroke movement in the axial direction (see dashed arrow).
  • the velocity v 3 of the displacement movement is varied.
  • the control of the displacement speed v 3 takes place as a function of the required desired shape of the bore.
  • the change in the displacement speed results in locally different processing times, so that different degrees of material separations are achieved locally in the bore.
  • Fig. 4 shown schematically.
  • the controller is programmed so that in areas with required strong material separation, the displacement speed v 3 low or for a fixed Time interval is also zero, while for areas with required lower material separation, a higher displacement speed is provided.
  • the components of the oscillatory motion in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction may have constant or variable amplitudes and / or frequencies.
  • the change in amplitude and / or frequency can be used to support the control of the removal.
  • the oscillation frequency can be increased in order to achieve an increased removal rate for the same residence time of the cutting group on the bore inner surface.
  • the surface pressure is controlled as a variable, that is, that the contact pressure of the cutting group is varied depending on the stroke position and / or the angular position of the honing tool or cutting group.
  • the control curve of the responsible for the material removal parameter depends on the desired shape of the hole.
  • Fig. 5 (a) a schematic peripheral record and Fig. 5 (b) a schematic longitudinal section of the dimensions of a cylinder surface.
  • radial distances of the bore inner wall from the bore axis BA are shown as a function of the circumferential position along the bore inner surface, wherein the zero point of the circumferential direction and the 180 ° position in the cylinder plane 212 defined by the bore axes of the cylinders (cf. Fig. 2 ) and the 90 ° and 270 ° positions represent the perpendicular regions near the front and rear broad sides of the cylinder head.
  • the curves R O, R M and R U respectively represent the radius in the vicinity of the upper inlet opening of the cylinder bore (R O), in the axial center portion of the cylinder bore (R M) and in the vicinity of the lower end of the cylinder bore (R U).
  • curves of the circumferential letter are each related to a zero line lying concentrically to the bore axis, which in the representation in Fig. 6 (a) each dashed line is drawn. The same radial scale in the radial direction serves for all measuring curves.
  • the longitudinal letters in Fig. 5 (b) each show the course of the generatrices (parallel to the bore axis) in the selected peripheral areas at 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °.
  • the measurement results represent the marginal fourth cylinder bore 204 in FIG Fig. 1 , It can be seen that the hole in the vicinity of the cylinder head side inlet side (represented by the curve R O ) has an approximately 2-fold radial symmetry about the bore axis BA, in which the largest diameter obliquely to the cylinder plane in the range of the circumferential angle 135 ° or 315 °, while perpendicular to it (corresponding to angular positions 45 ° and 225 °) also form local maxima of the radius, but which lie at smaller absolute radius values.
  • the approximately 2-fold symmetrical basic shape superimposed smaller radius variations, for example in the range of 180 °.
  • curve R M In the axial center region of the bore (curve R M ) results in a much more complex relationship between circumferential position and bore radius or bore diameter. In the example shown, approximately eight local maxima of the inner radius, which are separated by local minimums of the inner radius, result in the circumferential direction. The largest radii tend to remain inclined to the cylinder plane.
  • the bore cross-section is also asymmetrical, but no longer dominates the cylinder head side end still indicated 2-fold radial symmetry and prevails a nearly completely irregular bore cross-sectional shape.
  • the asymmetrically warped hole shape that can be characterized in this way corresponds to a cylindricity ⁇ Z of between 30 ⁇ m and 40 ⁇ m.
  • This complex and asymmetrically deformed bore geometry becomes when mounting and screwing a cylinder head and heating of the resulting hull motor deform into the range of operating temperatures again to a largely cylindrical bore shape. It thus forms approximately a negative form of the deformations in the operating state.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example for two axial positions of the cylinder (represented by the curves R and O R M) in Fig. 6 (a) the stroke and angle of rotation dependent radius curve of the bore and in Fig. 6 (b) the associated course of the reciprocal 1N of the displacement speed V of a short-stroke oscillating in the circumferential direction cutting group on the rotation angle ⁇ , respectively in the corresponding axial heights.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example for two axial positions of the cylinder (represented by the curves R and O R M) in Fig. 6 (a) the stroke and angle of rotation dependent radius curve of the bore and in Fig. 6 (b) the associated course of the reciprocal 1N of the displacement speed V of a short-stroke oscillating in the circumferential direction cutting group on the rotation angle ⁇ , respectively in the corresponding
  • the dashed curve V O represents the variation of the reciprocal of the displacement speed over the rotation angle that would be required when a honing tool whose oscillating cutting group is circumferentially displaced in the upper end portion of the cylinder bore processes the inner surface.
  • the solid line V M corresponds to the temporal variation or angle variation that would be required in the middle region of the bore (R M ).
  • the cylinder bore can be measured by means of a shape measuring system. Any existing, measured difference between the actual shape and the desired shape can be used to correct the machining parameters as a function of stroke position and angle of rotation.
  • a measurement of the bore shape for determining actual shape values can thus be carried out, and a difference between the shape Is values and the desired shape can be processed to correct the control of the material-removing machining.
  • honing machine additional assemblies are inserted into the structure to produce the displacement movement of the superimposed oscillatory movement of cutting groups.
  • a vibrator may be installed which decouples the part of the spindle carrying the honing tool 150 from a drive-side part of the spindle and permits relative movement of the honing-tool-carrying section with respect to the drive-side section in the axial direction and / or in the circumferential direction, around the oscillation movement to realize the cutting group.
  • FIG. 7 shows for this purpose a honing tool 700 with four symmetrically distributed around the circumference, similar honing stones 760, which are operated together via a single, common delivery system 770. There are no expandable or non-expandable guide rails.
  • Such simply constructed honing tools can be used in particular if substantially rotationally symmetrical bore shapes are to be produced, if necessary with a diameter which varies greatly in the axial direction, and / or bore shapes with a 4-fold radial symmetry.
  • the honing tool 800 in Fig. 8 is a system with double widening, ie with two independently operable infeed systems. In this case, four uniformly distributed around the circumference first honing stones 860 are adjusted together via a first feed system 870. A honing blade 810 arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction between two honing stones 860 is actuated via a separate second delivery system 820.
  • a dominant 4-fold rotational symmetry of the bore shape can be generated with suitable control of the movement speed of the honing tool.
  • the individual honing stone 810 is simultaneously delivered, which then generates a targeted local removal of material in order to produce, for example, a bore shape with a geometry deviating from a 2-fold radial symmetry (cf. FIG. 5 ).
  • Both Zustellsysteme are independently controllable as a function of stroke position and angular position of the honing tool.
  • another honing stone is provided on the opposite side of the honing stone 810, which can be actuated by the second delivery system 820.
  • an ovality can be generated, which can be superimposed on a fourfold symmetrical shape.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a honing tool 900, which is designed as a Mehrancenhonwerkmaschine.
  • a single material-removing honing stone 960 is arranged on one side of the honing tool.
  • two likewise deliverable but non-cutting guide strips 970 are arranged, which, with regard to their construction, essentially correspond to the guide strips 270 in FIG Fig. 2 can correspond.
  • the single honing stone 960 and the non-cutting guide rails 970 are delivered via a common infeed device 980.
  • the guide rails 970 absorb the counterforce of the machining force generated by the honing stone 960.
  • a honing tool with a unidirectional honing stone, which is also supported by guide rails, which are located on the opposite side (similar Fig. 9 ), but not extended (delivered).
  • a not shown variant of a double widening honing tool has a first cutting group effective in a first axial portion of the honing tool and at least one second separately deliverable cutting group axially offset from the first cutting group, for example above the first cutting group or below the cutting group (seen in the axial direction). It is possible to control such a honing tool so that the different, axially offset cutting regions are acted upon by different Aufweit practitionern, thereby to achieve different ablations in different axial heights of the bore.
  • a further, not shown variant of a honing tool with double widening has a first cutting group, which is effective in a first circumferential angular range of the honing tool, and at least a second, separately deliverable cutting group, which is effective in a circumferentially offset to the first circumferential angular range lying second circumferential angular range of the honing tool ,
  • the cutting bars, which are controlled by these two widening (or delivery systems) are thus at different angular positions.
  • the feed force is controlled separately for both expansions depending on the angular position and the stroke position.
  • the process variants described above can be carried out optionally with a constant oscillation amplitude or with a time-varying oscillation amplitude.
  • Fig. 10 to 13 Further variants of the method are described in which the oscillation amplitude of the oscillation movement of at least one cutting group varies within a processing time interval between a maximum value ⁇ MAX and a minimum value ⁇ MIN .
  • the term "oscillation amplitude" here describes the respective deflection of the movement of the periodically oscillating cutting group from a reference position, which represents the zero position of the oscillatory movement.
  • a cylinder bore 1003 is shown, which extends from an upper, cylinder-head-side inlet opening O over an axial middle region M to the lower end region U.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the hole in these areas is in Fig. 10 each strong exaggerated with a solid line for the upper area O, and dashed lines for the middle and lower area shown (see also Fig. 5 (a) ).
  • This desired desired shape is generated in the illustrated method, starting from a substantially circular-cylindrical initial shape in the manner described below.
  • a honing tool In the honing process, a honing tool is used which has four cutting groups circumferentially offset by 90 ° in each case Fig. 10 are shown by individual honing stones 1060.
  • the width of the honing stones in the circumferential direction can be very small and produce, for example, an engagement width of 6 mm or less.
  • There is provided a common feed device for all honing stones in other embodiments, there are two separate feed devices for each pair of diametrically opposed honing stones.
  • the motion control device of the honing machine is configured so that the honing spindle that drives the honing tool performs an angularly limited oscillating rotational movement about its spindle axis, so that the honing tool is set in a circumferentially oscillating motion.
  • the oscillation amplitude ⁇ of the rotational movement is limited to a maximum of 45 °, so that each honing stone only processes a circumferential angular range of a maximum of 90 °.
  • Typical vibration frequencies may be in the range between 1 Hz and 30 Hz, for example.
  • no rotational movement of the honing spindle is thus produced with continuous, if necessary multiple, rotation about its axis.
  • the zero position of the oscillatory motion in the azimuthal direction remains unchanged (no rotation of the honing spindle).
  • the axial feed of the honing spindle is controlled in some embodiments in such a way that the circumferential speed component of the cutting groups is many times greater than the speed component directed in the axial direction (parallel to the bore axis BA).
  • the resulting machining marks on the bore inner wall thus include very large angles with the axial direction, typically between 70 ° and 90 °. These values correspond to very small honing angles in the range of a maximum of 40 °.
  • the ratio of velocity components in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction may be different, for example up to an axial feed whose axial velocity component is about the same size as the circumferential velocity component. In this case, for example, honing angles up to 90 ° can be generated. It is also possible that the axial velocity component is greater than the tangential (circumferentially directed) velocity component.
  • the lifting movement of the honing spindle generates an axial velocity or stroke velocity v AX of the cutting groups, which changes over time in the course of a stroke, from a relatively low axial velocity in the region of the upper inlet opening continuously to a significantly higher axial velocity in the vicinity of the lower end U.
  • This is indicated by the dotted line in the diagram of Fig. 11 as well as on the left side of the in Fig. 10 shown hole shown.
  • the varying stroke velocity produces a variation of the respective contact time t W of the honing stones in the different axial regions such that the exposure time in regions of relatively high stroke speed in the lower end region of the bore is relatively low while being continuous to the upper end region O. increases. This is based on the dashed curve in t W Fig. 11 as well as on the left edge of the hole in Fig. 10 shown schematically.
  • the oscillation amplitude changes periodically between oscillations with a relatively large amplitude (at or near ⁇ MAX ) and oscillations with a relatively small oscillation amplitude (at or near 0 °) within a change time interval ⁇ t.
  • the change time interval ⁇ t within which the oscillation amplitude is continuous (as in variant I) or gradually decreases (or increases) from a maximum value to a minimum value, significantly greater than the stroke duration t H required for a single axial stroke.
  • one to two or more strokes may first be performed with relatively large vibration amplitudes near or at the maximum vibration amplitude before the vibration amplitude is further reduced continuously or in discrete steps. In this way, first removed at the maximum circumferential width of for example 60 ° to 90 ° with one or more strokes over the full length of the bore, but the lifting speed in the upper region of the bore is slower than in the lower region. This results in the upper area already a greater removal.
  • the oscillation amplitude varies once or several times between maximum and minimum oscillation amplitude during a single axial stroke.
  • the change time interval .DELTA.t is in the order of the stroke duration t H or smaller than the stroke duration.
  • the oscillation amplitude according to variant II in Fig. 12 vary several times between maximum value and minimum value, while the honing tool moves only very slowly in the axial direction. In this way, in the upper inlet region of the bore at a slow axial feed speed (or temporarily interrupted axial feed), the non-circular bore shape desired in this region can be produced with pronounced bulges.
  • the speed of the axial feed can then increase gradually, so that fewer and fewer periods of the oscillation amplitude change occur at a predetermined axial position of the bore. Accordingly, the strength of the expression of the Asubeulept from the upper opening O to the lower end U of the hole is successively lower. In the region of the lower end, the axial feed can be so high, for example, with a suitable overflow of the honing tool, that the varying oscillation amplitude does not lead to a noticeable deviation from the circular shape.
  • the movement control device so that the honing tool executes oscillating oscillation in the axial direction, the oscillation amplitude of which is variable.
  • the axial stroke of the honing tool varies during the machining of the bore.
  • This can, for example, in the production of a non-round hole, as in Fig. 10 is shown to be used to ensure that the lower portion U of the bore is achieved by no or only a few axial strokes of the honing tool, while the number of consecutive machining operations of the honing tool to the nearer to the upper opening O axial areas increases more and more.
  • the variable amplitude axial swing motion may be performed at varying lift speed or at continuous lift speed.
  • Fig. 13 explained variant of the method is at the cylinder bore 1303 in an intermediate between the upper inlet opening and the lower end of the cylinder bore an enlarged diameter 1305 generated in the form of a bulge, which causes the maximum axial diameter of the bore 1303 in the central axial region of the bulge and in both Directions to the ends of the bore continuously drops to the diameter present in the end regions.
  • the honing tool is placed in an axial movement with temporally varying Hubgeschwindikgeit v AX , which has a minimum in the central region of the bulge.
  • the oscillatory motion can be exclusively or predominantly in the circumferential direction.
  • the bulge may also be generated with a vibrational motion having motion components in both directions (axially and circumferentially). Regardless of the type of vibration movement, it is expedient if the oscillation movement begins in each case with the maximum amplitude and is reduced stepwise or continuously to smaller oscillation amplitudes.
  • the mold honing which can be carried out with the aid of these or other variants of the method can be carried out in accordance with control parameters established before the honing process.
  • an in-process control of the honing process in accordance with a plurality of measured simultaneously during honing diameter measured values is provided.
  • the honing machine has a schematically shown, pneumatic measuring system 1070 for determining the bore diameter during machining in two measuring directions circumferentially offset by 45 °.
  • the pneumatic measuring system (air measuring system) comprises a first pair of measuring nozzles 1071A, 1071B, which are arranged on the honing tool diametrically opposite between the circumferentially offset honing stones 1060.
  • the metering nozzles 1072A, 1072B of a second pair of metering nozzles are circumferentially offset by 45 ° from the first metering nozzles.
  • Each pair of measuring nozzles is connected via a pressure line to a pneumatic / electrical transducer, which provides electrical signals from which the diameter in the respective measuring direction can be derived.
  • the pairs of measuring nozzles are connected to separate transducers, so that the diameters can be detected independently of each other in the first measuring direction M1 defined by the first pair of measuring nozzles and in the measuring direction M2 defined by the second pair of measuring nozzles. In the orientation of the honing tool shown, a larger diameter is accordingly displayed in the first measuring direction M1 than in the second measuring direction offset in azimuth.
  • the diameter measured values are processed in an evaluation device 1075 belonging to the control device of the honing machine and compared with nominal values for the corresponding diameters. As soon as there is a deviation above a tolerance threshold from a desired measured value, at least one honing parameter is changed in order to optimize the honing process in the sequence so that the desired finished dimension is achieved within the permissible tolerances. Thus, a controlled honing process is possible during shaping.
  • the measurement of the diameter can be carried out in at least two measuring directions offset in the circumferential direction and / or at at least two measuring positions offset in the axial direction to produce a first and at least one second diameter signal during processing, after processing or both during and after processing.
  • a desired desired shape with the basis of Fig. 10 schematically illustrated fourth-round run out, the extent of which decreases continuously from the cylinder head side opening side to the bottom and gives an overall cylindricity error of more than 10 microns.
  • the material-removing processing steps for generating the possibly complex, non-round and possibly asymmetrical bore shapes are produced with the aid of a honing tool (or with the aid of a plurality of honing tools used in succession), the cutting group of these honing tools being designed for a substantial removal of material, the macro-form to produce the bore in the desired manner.
  • the microstructure of the machined inner bore surface may not meet the operational requirements for surface roughness and / or surface texture. Therefore, in preferred processes, after the forming processing steps, at least one substantially shape-neutral, i. the macro-shape of the bore is performed essentially non-altering machining operation.
  • honing tools can be used with appropriately adapted to the surface requirements grain of the cutting material body and / or brushing or Plateauhontechnikmaschinee and / or other surface structure changing processing tools, such as non-contact tools, such as laser and / or water jet generator, the surface structure of the bore inner surface without significant influence can change the macro shape.
  • a "plateau honing" can be performed in order to cut the tips of the roughness profile still present after the shaping honing process and thereby the carrying component to increase the surface.
  • the inner surface of the bore can be machined, for example, with a plurality of relatively movable, elastically mounted cutting bodies, which have a maximum extension of less than 10% of the length of the cutting area of the honing tool in the axial direction of the honing tool.
  • Such a highly segmented plateau honing tool is able to process the corrugated surface of a well-machined hole with a cylindricity error of substantially more than 10 ⁇ m substantially evenly.
  • honing stone segments may have cutting material bodies formed by honing stone segments, which are applied to an inherently elastic basic body, for example a plate made of a rubber-like material.
  • This inherently elastic body is applied to the actual base material of the honing stone, for example a support made of steel, copper or the like by gluing or otherwise.
  • the honing stone segments may have an extension of 10mm x 10mm.
  • a flat contact of the segments is secured to the formgehonte hole in the Plateauhonbearbeitung because the cutting material body can adapt to the wavy course of the bore inner surface under local elastic deformation of the elastic body.
  • a rounding of hard edges that would create a jump in the second derivative in the form letter, at the transition of the molding area to the cylindrical area may even be desirable here.
  • the pre-machined inner surface can have a very uniform roughness distribution even with strongly asymmetrically deformed, non-circular-cylindrical bore shapes, a uniform surface structure is ensured even after the last processing step.

Claims (23)

  1. Procédé pour roder la surface intérieure d'un alésage (201-204) dans une pièce, notamment pour roder une surface de roulement d'un cylindre lors de la fabrication de blocs cylindres pour moteurs à combustion interne, dans lequel un outil de rodage est déplacé à l'intérieur de l'alésage, et au moins un groupe de découpage (260) monté sur l'outil de rodage (250), avec au moins un corps de matériau de coupe pour l'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux de la surface intérieure, est pressé avec une force d'avance contre la surface intérieure, un mouvement d'oscillation du groupe de découpage (260) étant produit essentiellement parallèlement à la surface intérieure en fonction d'au moins un paramètre d'oscillation, de telle sorte qu'il en résulte une proportion considérable d'enlèvement de matière provoqué par le groupe de découpage (260) à partir du mouvement d'oscillation du groupe de découpage (260), une commande du mouvement d'oscillation étant produite pour produire un enlèvement de matière variant localement sur la surface intérieure au niveau de la surface intérieure afin de produire une forme de consigne prédéfinie de l'alésage, les écarts de forme produits au niveau de l'alésage correspondant à des erreurs de cylindricité ΔZ de plus de 10 µm, l'erreur de cylindricité étant définie comme ΔZ = (DA-DI)/2, avec DA étant le diamètre d'un cylindre en contact extérieur avec la surface intérieure de l'alésage (201 - 204) et DI étant le diamètre d'un cylindre en contact intérieur avec la surface intérieure de l'alésage, caractérisé en ce que l'outil de rodage (250) n'effectue aucune rotation continue, de sorte que le mouvement d'oscillation ait lieu par rapport à la direction périphérique autour d'une position nulle fixe.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le mouvement d'oscillation a une fréquence d'oscillation d'au moins 1 Hz, la fréquence d'oscillation étant de préférence comprise entre 2 Hz et 10 Hz.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le mouvement d'oscillation est produit de telle sorte que le mouvement d'oscillation présente à l'intérieur de l'intervalle de temps de variation, une amplitude d'oscillation variable dans le temps, l'amplitude d'oscillation étant de préférence réduite en continu ou par incréments à l'intérieur d'un intervalle de temps de variation, d'une amplitude d'oscillation maximale à une amplitude d'oscillation minimale, notamment sans augmentation subséquente de l'amplitude d'oscillation.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel en plus de l'au moins un mouvement d'oscillation, un mouvement de coulissement superposé au mouvement d'oscillation du groupe de découpage est produit le long de la surface intérieure en fonction d'au moins un paramètre de coulissement, et le mouvement de coulissement est commandé de telle sorte qu'on obtienne l'enlèvement de matière variant localement sur la surface intérieure en liaison avec le mouvement d'oscillation superposé, le mouvement de coulissement étant de préférence non périodique et/ou une variation du sens de coulissement et/ou de la vitesse de coulissement, très lente par rapport au mouvement d'oscillation, se produisant.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une vitesse de course de l'outil de rodage est commandée en fonction de la position de course et/ou une vitesse de rotation de l'outil de rodage est commandée en fonction de la position de rotation.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'outil de rodage est amené en mouvement d'oscillation oscillant dans une direction périphérique avec une amplitude d'oscillation variable, qui a une amplitude d'oscillation maximale de 90° au plus, et une composante de vitesse du groupe de découpage, orientée dans la direction périphérique de l'alésage, est produite, laquelle est au moins égale à une composante de vitesse orientée dans la direction axiale de l'alésage, l'outil de rodage pouvant de préférence pendant le mouvement d'oscillation se produisant dans la direction périphérique avec une amplitude d'oscillation variable, être déplacé dans la direction axiale avec une vitesse de course variable dans le temps.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, dans lequel le mouvement de coulissement conduit à un passage unique de l'outil à travers l'alésage dans la direction axiale et le mouvement de coulissement est superposé à un mouvement d'oscillation d'amplitude d'oscillation variable de l'outil dans la direction périphérique.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on utilise un outil de rodage avec une paire unique de groupes de découpage diamétralement opposés, et l'outil de rodage est amené en mouvement d'oscillation oscillant dans la direction périphérique de l'alésage avec une amplitude d'oscillation variable.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le mouvement d'oscillation a une amplitude d'oscillation maximale de 90° au plus, et de préférence un alésage est produit avec une forme d'alésage ovale.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel on utilise un outil de rodage avec quatre groupes de découpage répartis de 90° sur la périphérie, et l'outil de rodage est amené en mouvement d'oscillation oscillant dans la direction périphérique de l'alésage avec une amplitude d'oscillation variable, qui a de préférence une amplitude d'oscillation maximale de 45° au plus, et dans une portion de l'alésage étant produite une forme en section transversale non cylindrique circulaire avec approximativement une symétrie radiale binaire et quatre bombements décalés à chaque fois de 90° sur la périphérie de la paroi intérieure de l'alésage.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'outil de rodage est amené en mouvement d'oscillation oscillant autour d'une position axiale prédéfinissable avec une petite course dans la direction axiale à l'intérieur d'un intervalle de temps d'usinage prédéfinissable, avec une amplitude d'oscillation variable, qui a de préférence une amplitude d'oscillation maximale comprise entre 1% et 50% de la longueur de l'outil.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un guidage essentiellement rigide du mouvement axial de l'outil de rodage pour produire un mouvement axial de l'outil de rodage essentiellement parallèlement à l'axe de l'alésage et une commande du mouvement d'oscillation et du mouvement de coulissement d'un groupe de découpage monté d'un côté sur l'outil de rodage en fonction de la position de course et/ou de la position angulaire de l'outil de rodage.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel on utilise un outil de rodage qui comprend un jeu de barres de guidage réparties sur la périphérie de l'outil de rodage pour le guidage axial de l'outil de rodage dans l'alésage, lesquelles peuvent être approchées indépendamment du groupe de découpage dans la direction de la surface intérieure de l'alésage, le guidage essentiellement rigide du mouvement axial étant obtenu par le fait que les barres de guidage pendant le mouvement de l'outil de rodage dans l'alésage, sont disposées sur la surface intérieure de l'alésage.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel on utilise un outil de rodage qui a un premier groupe de découpage qui agit dans une première région angulaire périphérique de l'outil de rodage, ainsi qu'au moins un deuxième groupe de découpage pouvant être approchés séparément, qui agit dans une deuxième région angulaire périphérique de l'outil de rodage située de manière décalée dans la direction périphérique par rapport à la première région angulaire périphérique, la force de rapprochement pour les deux groupes de découpage étant commandée séparément en fonction de la position angulaire et de la position de course de l'outil de rodage.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le groupe de découpage est pressé contre la surface intérieure avec une force de rapprochement essentiellement constante.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'erreur de cylindricité ΔZ est supérieure à 20 µm, notamment comprise entre 20 µm et environ 60 µm.
  17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une mesure du diamètre de l'alésage pendant l'usinage dans au moins deux directions de mesure décalées dans la direction périphérique et/ou en au moins deux positions de mesure décalées dans la direction axiale pour produire un premier et au moins un deuxième signal de mesure de diamètre.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 17, caractérisé par une commande de l'usinage par rodage en fonction des au moins deux signaux de mesure de diamètre, de préférence l'amplitude d'oscillation et/ou la variation de l'amplitude d'oscillation et/ou la fréquence de l'oscillation et/ou au moins un paramètre de coulissement et/ou la pression de surface étant utilisés comme variables pendant l'usinage.
  19. Machine à roder pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, qui présente un dispositif de commande de mouvement (280) pour commander le mouvement d'au moins un groupe de découpage (260) monté sur un outil de rodage en fonction de la position de course et/ou de la position angulaire de l'outil de rodage (250) dans un alésage, le dispositif de commande de mouvement, pour produire un mouvement d'oscillation du groupe de découpage (260) étant configuré essentiellement parallèlement à une surface intérieure de l'alésage en fonction d'au moins un paramètre d'oscillation, le mouvement d'oscillation ayant une fréquence d'oscillation d'au moins 1 Hz, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de commande de mouvement (280) est configuré pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18.
  20. Machine à roder selon la revendication 19, dans laquelle la fréquence d'oscillation est comprise entre 2 Hz et 30 Hz.
  21. Machine à roder selon la revendication 19 ou 20, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de commande de mouvement est configuré en outre de telle sorte qu'il présente une possibilité d'ajustement d'un paramètre de variation d'amplitude de l'amplitude d'oscillation, notamment pour l'amplitude d'oscillation maximale et minimale, et une allure dans le temps de la variation de l'amplitude d'oscillation pendant un intervalle de temps de variation.
  22. Machine à roder selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 21, dans laquelle le dispositif de commande de mouvement est en outre configuré pour produire un mouvement de coulissement, superposé au mouvement d'oscillation, du groupe de découpage le long de la surface intérieure de l'alésage en fonction d'au moins un paramètre de coulissement, dans lequel de préférence pour ajuster un enlèvement de matière localement différent la vitesse de course et/ou périphérique de mouvements de coulissement à longue course, ainsi que la vitesse de course et/ou périphérique de mouvements d'oscillation à plus courte course par comparaison, peuvent être ajustée à chaque fois séparément en fonction de la position de course et de la position angulaire de l'outil de rodage.
  23. Machine à roder selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 22, caractérisée par un système de mesure pour mesurer le diamètre de l'alésage pendant l'usinage dans au moins deux directions de mesure décalées dans la direction périphérique et/ou dans au moins deux positions de mesure décalées dans la direction axiale, pour produire un premier et au moins un deuxième signal de mesure de diamètre, le dispositif de commande de mouvement tant de préférence configuré en tant que dispositif de réglage pour commander l'usinage par rodage en fonction des au moins deux signaux de mesure de diamètre.
EP07002277A 2006-02-02 2007-02-02 Méthode et appareil pour rectifier des trous d'alésage. Not-in-force EP1815944B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07002277A EP1815944B1 (fr) 2006-02-02 2007-02-02 Méthode et appareil pour rectifier des trous d'alésage.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06002093A EP1815943A1 (fr) 2006-02-02 2006-02-02 Méthode et appareil pour rectifier des trous d'alésage.
EP07002277A EP1815944B1 (fr) 2006-02-02 2007-02-02 Méthode et appareil pour rectifier des trous d'alésage.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1815944A1 EP1815944A1 (fr) 2007-08-08
EP1815944B1 true EP1815944B1 (fr) 2010-07-14

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DE102010022377A1 (de) 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Technische Universität Dortmund Verfahren zur Herstellung von gehonten Oberflächen
EP2621675A1 (fr) 2010-09-28 2013-08-07 Xlnt High Precision Tools GmbH Outil de rodage comportant un élargissement hydraulique, commandé mécaniquement en un ou plusieurs pas
DE102012201342A1 (de) 2012-01-31 2013-08-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Innenfläche einer Bohrung mit lokal unterschiedlichen Rauheitsstrukturen und Bauteil mit einer Bohrung mit lokal unterschiedlichen Rauheitsstrukturen
DE102013204714A1 (de) * 2013-03-18 2014-10-02 Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg Honverfahren und Honwerkzeug
DE102015203052B4 (de) * 2015-02-20 2024-04-04 Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg Honverfahren zum Formhonen
KR102060873B1 (ko) 2015-05-26 2019-12-30 게링 테크놀로지스 게엠베하 호닝 공구를 사용하여 회전 대칭적 비-원통형 보어를 제조하기 위한 방법
JP2017198174A (ja) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関
DE102016013452A1 (de) 2016-11-10 2017-06-14 Daimler Ag Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Bohrungsoberfläche durch mechanische Bearbeitung
DE102017210187A1 (de) * 2017-06-19 2018-12-20 Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg Honverfahren und Bearbeitungsmaschine zum Konturhonen
DE102017121269A1 (de) * 2017-09-14 2019-03-14 Microcut Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Feinbearbeitung von zylindrischen Werkstückflächen
DE102018211685A1 (de) * 2018-07-13 2020-01-16 Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg Honverfahren und Bearbeitungsmaschine zum Konturhonen
CN112983670A (zh) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-18 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 一种模拟缸盖及缸孔加工工艺
CN114833712B (zh) * 2022-04-18 2023-03-21 南京航空航天大学 一种实时调节珩磨压力的控制系统及其运行工艺

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JP3088537B2 (ja) * 1991-12-11 2000-09-18 株式会社不二越 高硬度材の孔の仕上げ加工方法及び加工装置
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