EP1815643A1 - Systeme et procede permettant de transmettre une video en couches sur des wlan fournissant une qualite de service - Google Patents

Systeme et procede permettant de transmettre une video en couches sur des wlan fournissant une qualite de service

Info

Publication number
EP1815643A1
EP1815643A1 EP05799528A EP05799528A EP1815643A1 EP 1815643 A1 EP1815643 A1 EP 1815643A1 EP 05799528 A EP05799528 A EP 05799528A EP 05799528 A EP05799528 A EP 05799528A EP 1815643 A1 EP1815643 A1 EP 1815643A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
packets
layer
flow control
video
enhancement layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05799528A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kiran Challapali
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of EP1815643A1 publication Critical patent/EP1815643A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/132—Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/156—Availability of hardware or computational resources, e.g. encoding based on power-saving criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/188—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a video data packet, e.g. a network abstraction layer [NAL] unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0268—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0289—Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally directed to communications systems. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a system and method for the transmission of layered video data over Quality of Service (QoS) enabled wireless local area networks (WLANs).
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • WLANs wireless local area networks
  • the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network has emerged as a prevailing technology for the (indoor) broadband wireless access for mobile/portable devices.
  • the IEEE 802.11 Working Group has relatively recently developed 802.11e, a supplement to the 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) for supporting QoS, to expand the 802.11 application domain by enabling such applications as voice and video services over wireless local area networks (WLANs).
  • the IEEE 802.11e standard offers seamless interoperability across home, enterprise, and public access networking environments, while still offering features that meet the unique needs of each type of network.
  • IEEE 802.11e is the first wireless standard that spans home and business environments by adding QoS features and multimedia support to the existing IEEE 802.11 standard, while maintaining full backward compatibility with the legacy standard.
  • the QoS support for multimedia traffic is critical to wireless home networks where voice, audio, and video will be delivered across multiple networked home electronic devices and personal computers.
  • Broadband service providers view QoS and multimedia-capable home networks as an essential ingredient to offering residential customers value-added services such as video on demand, audio on demand, voice over IP and high speed Internet access.
  • a traffic specification which characterizes data traffic streams (e.g., data rate, packet size, delay, jitter, service interval, etc.), is utilized as a signaling mechanism to indicate to an access point (AP) the type of wireless networking service to expect.
  • data traffic streams e.g., data rate, packet size, delay, jitter, service interval, etc.
  • AP access point
  • TSPEC negotiation between peer scheduler and MAC layers provides a mechanism for controlling admission, establishment, adjustment and removal of traffic streams. Traffic stream admission control is especially important as there is limited bandwidth available in wireless medium. Bandwidth access must be controlled to avoid traffic congestion, which tends to lead to breaking established QoS and drastic degradation of overall throughput.
  • a scalable representation of video signals consisting of base layer (BL) packets and multiple enhancement layer (EL) packets.
  • the BL packets provide a basic level of quality and can be decoded independently of the enhancement layer EL packets.
  • the enhancement layer EL packets serve only to refine the quality of the base layer BL packets and alone are not useful.
  • the base layer BL packets represent the most critical part of the scalable representation, the performance of streaming applications employing layered representations is sensitive to the loss of BL packets.
  • Wireless transmitters including video encoders generate multi-layer variable rate (VR) video streams with both base layer BL packets containing data that is critical for decoding and enhancement layer EL packets containing data that improves the quality of the video output.
  • the packet frames are sequentially transmitted with the number thereof dependent on variable channel conditions.
  • the packets for a frame must arrive at a receiver to be decoded by a predefined decoding time for the frame in order for the packet to be available for decoding.
  • Conventional TSPEC mechanisms allow for the transmission of variable rate VR video stream.
  • TSPEC mechanisms do not specify when to de-admit or drop an application should the wireless network be unable (due to errors) to honor the negotiated level of service.
  • the TSPEC does not specify between when a single packet is lost and when two or more packets are lost in determining when to de- admit the data traffic stream.
  • the behavior of the scheduler and MAC layers are not fully defined if packets are lost. This means that different implementations will work differently due to at least some of the scheduler/MAC layers possibly de- admitting certain traffic streams that cannot provide the requisite QoS.
  • the present invention addresses the above-noted need and other disadvantages and/or shortcomings associated with the transmission of layered video data over unreliable wireless channels by providing a mechanism to use existing TSPEC signaling in 802.11 along with a flow control algorithm to effectuate flexibility in the presence of time varying channels, and make use of layered representations to improve overall picture quality.
  • the flow control operates to drop enhancement layer EL packets that will not arrive at the receiver for decoding prior to the frame decoding time.
  • the packet scheduler may then schedule the base layer BL packets and remaining enhancement layer EL packets for transmission without the need to determine whether the traffic stream should be de-admitted for inadequate QoS.
  • the flow control feature provides means for effectively transmitting layered video data over unreliable wireless channels.
  • a method for transmitting layered video over QoS enabled wireless local area networks in which a flow control layer is utilized to drop enhancement layer EL packets from a multi-layer variable rate VR video stream having both base layer BL packets and enhancement layer EL packets when a wireless network becomes congested.
  • a system includes an encoder suitable to receive and encode video data into a video bitstream with both base layer BL packets and enhancement layer EL packets, a flow control layer whereby one or more of the enhancement layer EL packets associated with the video stream may be dropped as needed depending upon the state of a wireless medium, a scheduler SE for scheduling the packets, and a MAC layer for preparing the video stream for transmission over the air. Additional and/or alternative aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary prior art extended service set of a wireless local area network (WLAN);
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates seven prior art Open Systems
  • OSI Interconnection
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an exemplary prior art frame format for IEEE 802.11e QoS data
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an exemplary prior art frame format for an IEEE 802.11e Traffic Specification Element
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an exemplary prior art architecture of a QoS wireless station
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a system and method in accordance with the present invention.
  • a prior art exemplary extended service set
  • the extended service set 100 includes a host 110, a distribution system 120, a first Quality of Service (QoS) basic service set (QBSS) 130, and a second Quality of Service (QoS) basic service set (QBSS) 140.
  • QBSS 130, 140 includes a number of wireless QoS stations (QSTA) 150 utilizing the same Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol and which compete for access to the same shared medium.
  • QBSS 130, 140 can be either isolated or operatively connected to the distribution system 120. As shown in FIG. 1, each QBSS 130, 140 is connected to the distribution system 120 through a Quality of Service (QoS) Access Point (QAP) 160.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • QAP Quality of Service
  • the QAP 160 is a wireless QoS station operatively connectable to the distribution system 120.
  • the QAP 160 conventionally operates as a bridge between the QBSS 130, 140 and the distribution system 120.
  • the MAC protocol of the QBSS 130, 140 can be fully distributed and/or controlled via a central coordination function within the QAP 160 of the QBSS 130, 140.
  • the first layer is a Physical Layer 200.
  • the Physical Layer 200 is the initial layer of the OSI model and it operates at a bit stream or binary level.
  • the Physical Layer 200 focuses on the electrical impulses and radio signals that pass through and within the actual physical network structure.
  • the second layer is a Data Link Layer 210.
  • the Data Link Layer 210 is conventionally responsible for packet handling, specifically regarding bit level packet encoding and decoding.
  • the Data Link Layer 210 also deals with transmission protocol knowledge and aspects of error checking regarding the Physical Layer 200.
  • the Data Link Layer 210 divided into two sub-layers, the Media Access Control Layer (MAC Layer) which controls access and permission restrictions to the date traveling on the layer, and the Logical Link Control Layer (LLC Layer) which is responsible for frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.
  • the third layer is a Network Layer 220.
  • the Network Layer 220 is responsible for the direction and movement of the data within the network.
  • the fourth layer is a Transport Layer 230.
  • the Transport Layer 230 is primarily responsible for ensuring complete and effective data movement between end systems and hosts.
  • the fifth layer is a Session Layer 240.
  • the Session Layer 240 manages and coordinates connections between different applications interacting with the network and its data.
  • the sixth layer is a Presentation Layer 250.
  • the Presentation Layer 250 is primarily responsible for the accurate interpretation and display of incoming and outgoing data.
  • the seventh layer is an Application Layer 260.
  • the Application Layer 260 is responsible to provide support for end user processes (e.g., address issues of quality of service
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a prior art frame format 300 for IEEE 802.11e Quality of Service (QoS) data.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • Each single QoS data frame carries a Traffic Identifier (TID) value that identifies the priority of the frame for prioritized QoS or the corresponding traffic stream for parameterized QoS.
  • TID Traffic Identifier
  • the IEEE 802.11e QoS data frame header includes a two (2) octet QoS control field 310.
  • the QoS control field 310 uses four (4) bits to indicate the TID value and also carries some other QoS related information.
  • two types of QoS action management frames are defined to set up, modify, and delete traffic streams.
  • the first type includes Add TS Request and Response QoS action frames setting up and/or modifying a QoS stream.
  • the second type includes Delete TS Request and Response QoS action frames for deleting a QoS stream.
  • Each QoS action management frame indicates the Traffic specification (TSPEC) information element to communicate the corresponding QoS requirements and traffic specifications.
  • TSPEC Traffic specification
  • the TSPEC Element 400 contains the set of parameters that define the characteristics and QoS expectations of a unidirectional traffic stream, in the context of a particular wireless station (WSTA), for use by a Hybrid Coordinator (HC) and wireless stations (WSTAs), in support of a parameterized QoS traffic transfer.
  • the conventional TSPEC Element information field includes the items shown in FIG. 4.
  • the TSPEC Element 400 allows a set of parameters more extensive than may be needed, or may be available, for any particular instance of parameterized QoS traffic. The fields are set to zero (0) for any unspecified parameter values.
  • the recommended parameters of the TSPEC Element include: the average bit rate for packet transfer, the maximum allowed delay for packet transport, nominal packet size, packet transport prioritization, maximum packet size, maximum data burst size at peak rate, minimum phy rate, and maximum bit rate for packet transfer.
  • the TSPEC negotiation between peer MAC Layers provides a mechanism for controlling admission, establishment, adjustment and removal of traffic streams. This traffic stream admission becomes important when there is limited bandwidth available in a wireless medium in order to minimize traffic congestion, which can cause established QoS to be broken and significant degradation in overall throughput.
  • FIG. 5 an exemplary prior art architecture 500 of a Quality of Service (QoS) wireless station (QSTA) is illustratively shown.
  • a Station Management Entity (SME) 502 extends from the Application Layer 260 to the Physical Layer 200.
  • the Physical Layer 200 is represented by Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) 504 and Physical Layer Management Entity (PLME) 506.
  • PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
  • PLME Physical Layer Management Entity
  • a Media Access Control Layer (MAC Layer) 508 is located above the Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) 504 and a MAC Layer Management Entity (MLME) 510 is located above the Physical Layer Management Entity (PLME) 506.
  • MAC Layer Media Access Control Layer
  • MLME MAC Layer Management Entity
  • the MLME 510 includes a Bandwidth Manager (BM) 512 and a Scheduling Entity (SE) 514.
  • a Designated Subnet Bandwidth Manager (DSBM) 516 is located above the MLME 510.
  • the DSBM 516 is capable of communicating with a Logical Link Control Layer (LLC Layer) 518, the MLME 510, and the SME 502.
  • LLC Layer 518 is located above MAC Layer 508.
  • the LLC Layer 518 includes a Classification Entity (CE) 520 and a Flow Control (FC) 522. Any of a variety of Intermediate Layers 524 may be located above the LLC Layer 518.
  • An Application Layer 526 is located above the Intermediate Layers 524.
  • the MAC Layer 508 includes a Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF) 528.
  • the Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF) 528 has a Hybrid Coordinator (HC) 530.
  • the MAC Layer 508 also includes an Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF) 532.
  • the HCF 528 and the EDCF 532 are typically located in the QAP 160.
  • the EDCF 532 is based on a listen-before-talk protocol called
  • CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
  • the CSMA/CA provides differentiated channel access to frames of different priorities as labeled by a higher layer. Due to the nature of the distributed contention based channel access along with the uncertainty of the wireless medium, the EDCF 532 cannot guarantee any rigid QoS. For example, in the transmission of layered video data over unreliable wireless channels, when the capacity of the wireless medium drops below the minimum bitrate of compressed data some data packets will be lost or dropped and the QoS thereby compromised.
  • the signaling accomplished via the TSPEC which allows for the transmission of variable bitrate (VBR) video, does not take into account when to de-admit an application, when the wireless network, due to errors, is unable to honor the negotiated QoS.
  • VBR variable bitrate
  • the TSPEC signaling is unable to determine whether or not the application should be de-admitted. Consequently, some of the scheduler (e.g., the SE 514) and MAC layers (e.g., the MAC Layer 508) will not be fully defined when data packets are lost and/or when the requisite QoS is not provided. This means that different applications will operate in an unpredictable manner.
  • the system and method according to a beneficial feature of the present invention provides a mechanism to use the TSPEC with a flow control algorithm to accomplish flexibility in the presence of time varying channels and to make use of the layered video representation to improve overall picture quality.
  • an exemplary flow control algorithm 600 is illustratively shown in which an image/video encoder 602 suitable to receive and encode video data 604 into a video bitstream, and more preferably, a multi-layer variable rate digital video bitstream with frames 606 having a predefined number of Base Layer (BL) packets 608 and a predefined number of Enhancement Layer (EL) packets 610.
  • BL Base Layer
  • EL Enhancement Layer
  • the BL packets 608 preferably contain data that is critical for decoding and the EL packets 610 preferably contain data that improves that quality of the video. As shown, the packets 608, 610 for each frame 606 are transmitted before those of a following frame. Additionally, as the packets 608, 610 for each frame 606 must arrive at a receiver/decoder within a predetermined time frame (i.e., a frame decoding time) in order to qualify for decoding and as the number of packets 608, 610 that can be transmitted depends, at least in part, on variable channel conditions, for each frame 606 the BL packets 608 are preferably transmitted before the EL packets 610 so that the critical BL packets 608 are more likely to arrive within the predetermined time frame and the communication channel thereby maintained.
  • the data stream, once encoded, is transmitted to a Flow Control
  • FC layer 612 whereby one or more packets of a video frame may be dropped as needed depending upon the state of the wireless medium (e.g., congested or not congested) so as to preserve the connection.
  • the FC layer 612 preferably drops one or more EL packets 610 when the wireless network becomes overly congested. This may be determined in any of a variety of different ways including, for instance, setting a predetermined EL and/or BL Layer buffer occupancy value (i.e., a value suitable to ensure effective communication in unreliable wireless networks). Thus, if the predetermined buffer occupancy value is exceeded, one or more EL Layers are dropped as needed to stay connected.
  • the EL packet 610 can be transmitted within a predefined delay from the BL packet 608.
  • the predefined delay is preferably less than an overall end-to-end delay so as to ensure that if the EL packet 610 is transmitted it is guaranteed to be received by the receiver/decoder within the predetermined time frame for decoding.
  • the FC Layer 612 sends the BL packets 608 and any remaining EL packets 610 to a scheduler (SE) 614, which preferably schedules the packets 608, 610 for transmission to a MAC Layer Management Entity (MLME) 616. Since the SE 614 schedules/transmits a fewer number of packets depending on communication channel conditions, the scheduler preferably need not drop any packets and/or determine whether or not to de-admit an application irrespective of communication channel conditions.
  • the MLME 616 preferably operates as a TSPEC interface whereby a TSPEC with modified minimum bitrate 618 can preferably be transmitted over the air.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant de transmettre une vidéo en couches sur des réseaux locaux sans fil (WLAN) fournissant une qualité de service (QoS), dans lesquels on utilise une couche de commande d'écoulement (614) pour éliminer des paquets de couche d'amélioration (EL) d'un flux vidéo multicouche à débit variable (VR) comprenant à la fois des paquets (608) de couche de base (BL) et des paquets (610) de couche d'amélioration (EL) lorsqu'un réseau sans fil est congestionné. Un système pris en exemple comprend un codeur (602) approprié pour recevoir et coder des données vidéo dans un flux vidéo binaire comprenant à la fois des paquets BL (608) de couche de base et des paquets EL (610) de couche d'amélioration; une couche de commande d'écoulement (612) dans laquelle un ou plusieurs paquet(s) EL (610) de couche d'amélioration associé(s) au flux vidéo peut/peuvent être éliminé(s) le cas échéant en fonction de l'état d'un support sans fil; un programmateur (SE) (614) permettant de programmer les paquets; et une couche de commande d'accès de support (MAC) (616) permettant de préparer le flux vidéo afin de le transmettre dans les airs.
EP05799528A 2004-11-05 2005-11-04 Systeme et procede permettant de transmettre une video en couches sur des wlan fournissant une qualite de service Withdrawn EP1815643A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62566904P 2004-11-05 2004-11-05
PCT/IB2005/053619 WO2006048842A1 (fr) 2004-11-05 2005-11-04 Systeme et procede permettant de transmettre une video en couches sur des wlan fournissant une qualite de service

Publications (1)

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EP1815643A1 true EP1815643A1 (fr) 2007-08-08

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EP05799528A Withdrawn EP1815643A1 (fr) 2004-11-05 2005-11-04 Systeme et procede permettant de transmettre une video en couches sur des wlan fournissant une qualite de service

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1815643A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008519528A (fr)
CN (1) CN101053215A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006048842A1 (fr)

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EP2334126A1 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-15 Alcatel Lucent Fourniture d'un flux de données de paquets dans un système de communication mobile à accès multiple
CN102571260A (zh) * 2010-12-22 2012-07-11 工业和信息化部电信传输研究所 一种分层异构多天线传输系统
US20120163203A1 (en) * 2010-12-28 2012-06-28 Tektronix, Inc. Adaptive Control of Video Transcoding in Mobile Networks
WO2014087830A1 (fr) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 日本電気株式会社 Système et procédé de commande d'acheminement de paquets
DE102014006080A1 (de) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-29 Unify Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Übermittlung von kodierten Mediendaten
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WO2021074269A1 (fr) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-22 Interdigital Ce Patent Holdings, Sas Procédé et appareils d'envoi et de réception d'une vidéo
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JP2008519528A (ja) 2008-06-05
CN101053215A (zh) 2007-10-10
WO2006048842A1 (fr) 2006-05-11

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