EP1814969A2 - Multifunctional lubricant additive package - Google Patents

Multifunctional lubricant additive package

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Publication number
EP1814969A2
EP1814969A2 EP05858295A EP05858295A EP1814969A2 EP 1814969 A2 EP1814969 A2 EP 1814969A2 EP 05858295 A EP05858295 A EP 05858295A EP 05858295 A EP05858295 A EP 05858295A EP 1814969 A2 EP1814969 A2 EP 1814969A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
compound
integer
total amount
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05858295A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hongmei Wen
Clark V. Cooper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RTX Corp
Original Assignee
United Technologies Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Technologies Corp filed Critical United Technologies Corp
Publication of EP1814969A2 publication Critical patent/EP1814969A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68—Esters
    • C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multifunctional lubricant additive composition or package for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant. More particularly, the present invention relates to a multifunctional lubricant additive composition or package for providing a lubricant with superior performance characteristics such as improved load-carrying ability, anti-scuffing (anti-scoring) capacity, friction reduction, and improved surface- fatigue life.
  • Mechanical systems such as manual or automatic transmissions; single and multi-speed aviation transmissions, including but not limited to those used to propel rotorcraft and those used to alter the rotational speed of the sections within gas turbine engines; push-belt type continuous variable transmissions; and traction drive continuous variable transmissions, have large surface areas of contact portions or zones. These contact portions or zones, such as drive rolling surfaces, and gear and ball-and roller bearings, are known to be susceptible to high surface pressures.
  • internal combustion engines and other propulsion devices especially those that are common for high-performance and racing applications, are subject to taxing demands in the form of inertial loading, high sliding and/or rolling speeds, and marginal lubrication.
  • the need for reducing friction, resistance, and fatigue within larger contact zones of mechanical systems is increased by many recently developed transmission systems that are designed to be miniaturized or weight-reduced to maximize transmission throughput capacity.
  • lubricants especially those containing specific additives, play a critical role in protecting and minimizing the wear and scuffing (scoring) of surfaces.
  • the lubricants generally reduce principal damage accumulation mechanisms of lubricated components caused by surface fatigue and overloading. Examples of known lubricants are discussed in the following publications, which are hereby incorporated in full by reference: Phillips, W. D., Ashless phosphorus-containing lubricating oil additives: Lubricant Additives Chemistry and Application 45-111 (L.R. Rudick, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2003); and Kenbeck, D. and T.F. Buenemann, Organic Modifiers: Lubricant Additives Chemistry and Application 203-222 (L.R. Rudick, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2003).
  • the present invention provides lubricant additives for improving the performance characteristics, such as load carrying capacity of mechanical systems.
  • the present invention provides a lubricant additive comprising elements or components that are intended to enhance the performance characteristics of a lubricant base stock or fully formulated lubricant, including anti-wear (AW), extreme pressure (EP), friction modifying (FM) and surface fatigue life (SFL) modifying compositions.
  • this invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition for improving the performance characteristics of a natural or synthetic lubricant for use in transmission fluid products that meet both civil and military specifications.
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional composition for use in improving performance of metals and alloys of power transmission components, including gears, bearings, splines, shafts, and springs.
  • this invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition for improving the performance characteristics of engines and related propulsive devices used to power automobiles, both stock (production) and specialty (e.g. racing and other high performance) varieties, and heavy on- and off-road equipment, such as farm implements and construction equipment.
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition capable of being combined with lubricant stocks and other additives to produce a fully formulated lubricant that beneficially reduces friction and scuffing (scoring), and increases resistance to surface degradation, including but not limited to, fatigue including micro and and macro pitting and wear.
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant, which includes one or more of the following components: (a) a molybdenum compound represented by the general formula:
  • R 3 and R 4 are each independently a C n H 2n+ i alkyl group, wherein n is an integer of about 2 ⁇ n ⁇ 10, and m is an integer of about 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 4;
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each a C h H 2 h+i secondary alkyl group represented by the formula:
  • R e wherein h is an integer of about 3 ⁇ h ⁇ 11 , wherein R 7 and R 8 are each a CiH 2 i+i alkyl group, and i is an integer of about 1 ⁇ i ⁇ 5;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each a C j H 2j+ i alkyl group, and j is an integer of about 1 ⁇ j ⁇ 20, wherein the alkyl groups exhibit tertitary structures, and;
  • R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , and R 18 are each a C k H 2k +i alkyl group, k is an integer of about 1 ⁇ k ⁇ 30, and R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , and R 18 optionally form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded; wherein (A) is a chain of sulfur atoms, S n , or S-(CH 2 ) m -S, n is an integer of about 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 10, and m is an integer of about 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 6; wherein the total amount of compounds (a) to (d) is equal to or less than about 15% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
  • the figure shows the relationship between the average traction (friction) coefficient and average load stage for various lubricants.
  • the vertical arrows 11 , 21 , 31 indicate the average scuffing (scoring) failure load stage (load carrying capacity) of Hatco HXL-7944 Oil 10, Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il 20; and Formulation #4 30, respectively.
  • a higher scuffing (scoring) failure load stage indicates greater load-carrying capacity of the lubricant.
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant base stock or fully formulated lubricant.
  • the composition includes the following components set forth below: (I) about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole concentration of a molybdenum compound (a), based on the total amount of lubricant; (II) about 0.1% to about 6% by mole concentration of a secondary zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compound (b), based on the total amount of lubricant; (III) about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole concentration of an aryl or alkyl phosphite compound (c), based on the total amount of lubricant; and (IV) about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole concentration of an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound (d), based on the total amount of lubricant, wherein the total concentration of the four additives in the composition will not exceed about 15% by mole based on the total amount of
  • the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is prepared from the following components:
  • X 1 is an oxygen or sulfur atom and R 3 and R 4 are each independently a C n H 2 n+i alkyl group, wherein n is an integer of about 2 ⁇ n ⁇ 10, preferably about 4 ⁇ n ⁇ 6, and m is an integer of about 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 4.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each a C h H 2 h+i secondary alkyl group represented by the formula: R'
  • h is an integer of about 3 ⁇ h ⁇ 11 , preferably about 4 ⁇ h ⁇ 6; wherein R 7 and R 8 are each CiH 2 i + i alkyl groups, and i is an integer of about 1 ⁇ i ⁇ 5, preferably about 1 ⁇ I ⁇ 3;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each a C 1 H 2 J +I alkyl group, and j is an integer of about 1 ⁇ j ⁇ 20, preferably about 4 ⁇ j ⁇ 8, wherein the alkyl groups exhibit tertiary structures, and;
  • R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , and R 18 are each a CkH 2 ⁇ ⁇ +i alkyl group, and k is an integer of about 1 ⁇ k ⁇ 30, preferably about 4 ⁇ k ⁇ 8, and R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , and R 18 optionally form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded;
  • (A) is a chain of sulfur atoms, S n , or S-(CH 2 )m-S, and n is an integer of about 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 10, preferably about 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 6, and m is an integer of about 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 6, preferably about 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 3; wherein the total amount of compounds (a) to (d) is equal to or less than about 15% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
  • Compound (a) of the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, compound (a) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
  • Compound (b) of the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 6% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, compound (b) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
  • Compound (c) of the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 6% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, compound (c) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
  • Compound (d) of the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, compound (d) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
  • Lubricants that the present invention can improve include but are not limited to gear oil, bearing oil, sliding surface lubrication oil, chain lubricating oil, and engine oil.
  • various types of lubricants, greases, especially synthetic polyol ester (POE) based lubricants, can be used as lubricant bases.
  • the present invention is useful as an additive composition for natural and synthetic aviation (aerospace) and automotive lubricants. Moreover, a combination of the multifunctional additive composition with the above- described lubricants improves transmission power throughput and system power density.
  • multifunctional additive composition include turbine engine and transmission oils designed to meet government civil (FAA) and military (DoD) specification and requirements. Additional uses of the multifunctional additive composition include the demonstrated ability to improve scuffing (scoring) performance of metals and alloys that are commonly used for power transmission components, including but not limited to gears, bearings, splines, shafts, and springs. As such, these improvements decrease the incidence of component and system failure and rejection during customer acceptance test protocols (ATPs).
  • ATPs customer acceptance test protocols
  • the additive composition also improves pitting (surface) fatigue life and reduces the rate of component and system degradation due to wear and other phenomena.
  • the present invention provides a method of improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant.
  • the method comprises the step of: mixing a lubricant with a multifunctional lubricant additive composition that includes at least one of the compounds (a) to (d) of the above-described multifunctional lubricant additive composition thereby producing a fully formulated lubricant.
  • the molar concentration of compounds (a) to (d) may be varied to achieve a desired effect, provided however, that the total amount of the four additives is about 15% or less by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
  • HXL-7994 oil was specially prepared by Hatco to replicate Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil II, but without Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil ll's anti-wear additive tricresyl phosphate (TCP).
  • Hatco HXL-7994 oil contains an anti-oxidant package and a yellow metal corrosion inhibitor and uses a 5 cSt polyol ester base stock, HXL-1570, having the typical properties noted in Table A below. TABLE A. Properties of HXL-1570
  • Formulation #4 contained the following additives:
  • This multifunctional additive package of Formulation #4 increased the load-carrying capacity of the Hatco HXL-7994 oil by about 3.94 times, which is superior to conventional oils such as Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il (a standard version of MIL-PRF-23699, a 5 cSt gas turbine engine oil), which typically has excellent lubricant performance as compared to other brands and versions of MIL-PRF-23699 oil.
  • Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il a standard version of MIL-PRF-23699, a 5 cSt gas turbine engine oil
  • the Hatco HXL-7994 oil 10 had an average scuffing (scoring) failure load stage of about 5.7 (arrow 11 )
  • the Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il 20 had an average scuffing (scoring) failure load stage of about 19.2 (arrow 21 )
  • Formulation #4 30 had an average scuffing (scoring) failure load stage of about 22.5 (arrow 31 ), which indicates that Formulation #4 has a load carrying capacity about 3.94 times greater than that of the Hatco HXL-7994 oil.
  • WAM Load Capacity Test Method The WAM Test is designed to evaluate the loading capacity of lubricants and load bearing surfaces by evaluating the wear, tear, and scuffing (scoring) thereof over a large temperature range.
  • Table B shows a summary of the WAM Test conditions that were utilized to test various lubricants of this invention.
  • test suspension High load-carrying oils frequently result in test suspension at load stage 30 without a scuffing (scoring) event.
  • tests can be run with a modified test protocol.
  • the modified test protocol operates at a lower entraining velocity than the standard test protocol, which reduces the EHD film thickness and increases the test severity by causing greater asperity interaction.
  • the test essentially operates at a reduced film thickness to surface roughness (h/ ⁇ ) ratio.
  • the modified test protocol was developed for high load-carrying oils used for aviation gearboxes. These oils include the DOD-PRF-85734 oils for the U.S. Navy and the Def Stan 91-100 oils for the U.K. Ministry of Defense. With the modified test protocol, the highest load-carrying oils currently used in military aircraft experience scuffing (scoring) failures at load stages that range from approximately 19 to 28.
  • Formulation #4, the Hatco HXL-7944 oil, and the Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il were comparatively evaluated for scuffing (scoring) resistance using a load capacity test method developed for the US Navy.
  • the test method used ball and disc specimens.
  • the ball specimens were 13/16-inch diameter, and the disc specimens were 4 inches in diameter and Vz inch thick. Material composition, hardness and surface finish were closely controlled.
  • the specimens were fabricated from AISI 9310 steel, a surface-carburizing alloy that is very common for gear applications.
  • AISI 9310 balls, or "Hard Ground” balls were heat-treated and ground in a ball manufacturing process. The balls were fabricated through the hard grinding stage. The surface finish following this operational stage was between about 10-12 microinch Ra.
  • composition, hardness and surface finish of the specimens are given below:
  • the load carrying capacity is indicated by an average scuffing (scoring) failure stage (load stage). Increased performance is observed with higher load stages.
  • Table C our experimental results show that the average scuffing (scoring) failure stage of Formulation # 4 is about 22.5. This scuffing (scoring) load is 3.94 times greater than that of the Hatco HXL-7944 oil, which delivered an average scuffing (scoring) failure stage of 5.7.
  • the load carrying capacity of Formulation #4 is also superior to that of Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil II, which delivered an average scuffing (scoring) failure stage of 19.2.
  • compositions apply equally to other lubricant stock compositions including, but not limited to, lubricants comprising grease, mineral (hydrocarbon-based), polyalkylene glycol (PAG), aromatic naphthalene (AN), alkyl benzenes (AB) and polyalphaolefin (PAO) types.
  • PEO polyol ester

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive package or composition for improving load-carrying capacity, scuffing (scoring) resistance, and other performance characteristics of a lubricant. The composition includes a molybdenum compound, a secondary zinc dithiophosphate compound, an aryl or alkyl phosphite compound, and a compound having an alkylthiocarbamoyl group. The present invention further provides a method for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant. The method includes mixing a lubricant base stock or a fully-formulated lubricant with the above-described multifunctional lubricant additive composition.

Description

MULTIFUNCTIONAL LUBRICANT ADDITIVE PACKAGE
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/625,416 filed November 4, 2004, and is related to the following co-pending and commonly-owned applications which were filed herewith and are hereby incorporated by reference in full: "Lubricant Additive Packages for Improving Load-Carrying Capacity and Surface Fatigue Life" (Attorney Docket No. 0002290WOU, EH-11605), U.S. Serial No. ;
"Lubricants Containing Multifunctional Additive Packages Therein for Improving Load-Carrying Capacity, Increasing Surface Fatigue Life and Reducing Friction" (Attorney Docket No. 0002294WOU, EH-11697), U.S. Serial No. ; and "Multifunctional Lubricant Additive Package for a Rough Mechanical Component Surface" (Attorney Docket No. 0002295WOU, EH-11698), U.S. Serial No. .
GOVERNMENT RIGHTS IN THE INVENTION
The invention was made by or under contract with the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States Government under contract number: 70NANB0H3048.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multifunctional lubricant additive composition or package for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant. More particularly, the present invention relates to a multifunctional lubricant additive composition or package for providing a lubricant with superior performance characteristics such as improved load-carrying ability, anti-scuffing (anti-scoring) capacity, friction reduction, and improved surface- fatigue life.
2. Description of Related Art
Mechanical systems such as manual or automatic transmissions; single and multi-speed aviation transmissions, including but not limited to those used to propel rotorcraft and those used to alter the rotational speed of the sections within gas turbine engines; push-belt type continuous variable transmissions; and traction drive continuous variable transmissions, have large surface areas of contact portions or zones. These contact portions or zones, such as drive rolling surfaces, and gear and ball-and roller bearings, are known to be susceptible to high surface pressures. In addition, internal combustion engines and other propulsion devices, especially those that are common for high-performance and racing applications, are subject to taxing demands in the form of inertial loading, high sliding and/or rolling speeds, and marginal lubrication. Moreover, the need for reducing friction, resistance, and fatigue within larger contact zones of mechanical systems is increased by many recently developed transmission systems that are designed to be miniaturized or weight-reduced to maximize transmission throughput capacity.
To address these severe application demands, lubricants, especially those containing specific additives, play a critical role in protecting and minimizing the wear and scuffing (scoring) of surfaces. The lubricants generally reduce principal damage accumulation mechanisms of lubricated components caused by surface fatigue and overloading. Examples of known lubricants are discussed in the following publications, which are hereby incorporated in full by reference: Phillips, W. D., Ashless phosphorus-containing lubricating oil additives: Lubricant Additives Chemistry and Application 45-111 (L.R. Rudick, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2003); and Kenbeck, D. and T.F. Buenemann, Organic Modifiers: Lubricant Additives Chemistry and Application 203-222 (L.R. Rudick, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2003).
Recently developed system-optimization approaches for increasing overall power throughput of mechanical systems, underscore the need for new and better performing lubricant additives. By reducing friction, wear, pressure, and improving scoring (scuffing) resistance, these additives prolong surface fatigue life for lubricated contacts within transmission systems and propulsive devices.
The present invention provides lubricant additives for improving the performance characteristics, such as load carrying capacity of mechanical systems. Combining the additive composition provided by this invention with lubricant stocks, and optionally other additives, results in a fully formulated lubricant with many performance advantages such as reduction in friction, wear and scuffing (scoring).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a lubricant additive comprising elements or components that are intended to enhance the performance characteristics of a lubricant base stock or fully formulated lubricant, including anti-wear (AW), extreme pressure (EP), friction modifying (FM) and surface fatigue life (SFL) modifying compositions. In a preferred embodiment, this invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition for improving the performance characteristics of a natural or synthetic lubricant for use in transmission fluid products that meet both civil and military specifications.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a multifunctional composition for use in improving performance of metals and alloys of power transmission components, including gears, bearings, splines, shafts, and springs.
In another embodiment, this invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition for improving the performance characteristics of engines and related propulsive devices used to power automobiles, both stock (production) and specialty (e.g. racing and other high performance) varieties, and heavy on- and off-road equipment, such as farm implements and construction equipment.
In another embodiment the present invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition capable of being combined with lubricant stocks and other additives to produce a fully formulated lubricant that beneficially reduces friction and scuffing (scoring), and increases resistance to surface degradation, including but not limited to, fatigue including micro and and macro pitting and wear.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant, which includes one or more of the following components: (a) a molybdenum compound represented by the general formula:
- MoOmS4— (I)
wherein X1 is an oxygen or sulfur atom and R3 and R4 are each independently a CnH2n+i alkyl group, wherein n is an integer of about 2 < n < 10, and m is an integer of about 0 < m < 4;
(b) a secondary zinc dithiophosphate compound represented by the general formula:
wherein R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each a ChH2h+i secondary alkyl group represented by the formula:
R'
CH
Re wherein h is an integer of about 3 < h < 11 , wherein R7 and R8 are each a CiH2i+i alkyl group, and i is an integer of about 1 < i < 5;
(c) an aryl or alkyl phosphite compound represented by the general formula:
wherein R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 are each a CjH2j+i alkyl group, and j is an integer of about 1 < j < 20, wherein the alkyl groups exhibit tertitary structures, and;
(d) a compound having at least one alkylthiocarbamoyl group represented by the general formula:
wherein R15, R16, R17, and R18 are each a CkH2k+i alkyl group, k is an integer of about 1 < k < 30, and R15, R16, R17, and R18 optionally form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded; wherein (A) is a chain of sulfur atoms, Sn, or S-(CH2)m-S, n is an integer of about 1 < n < 10, and m is an integer of about 1 < m < 6; wherein the total amount of compounds (a) to (d) is equal to or less than about 15% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The figure shows the relationship between the average traction (friction) coefficient and average load stage for various lubricants. The vertical arrows 11 , 21 , 31 indicate the average scuffing (scoring) failure load stage (load carrying capacity) of Hatco HXL-7944 Oil 10, Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il 20; and Formulation #4 30, respectively. A higher scuffing (scoring) failure load stage indicates greater load-carrying capacity of the lubricant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a multifunctional lubricant additive composition for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant base stock or fully formulated lubricant. Preferably the composition includes the following components set forth below: (I) about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole concentration of a molybdenum compound (a), based on the total amount of lubricant; (II) about 0.1% to about 6% by mole concentration of a secondary zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compound (b), based on the total amount of lubricant; (III) about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole concentration of an aryl or alkyl phosphite compound (c), based on the total amount of lubricant; and (IV) about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole concentration of an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound (d), based on the total amount of lubricant, wherein the total concentration of the four additives in the composition will not exceed about 15% by mole based on the total amount of the lubricant.
The multifunctional lubricant additive composition is prepared from the following components:
(a) a molybdenum compound represented by the general formula:
- MoOmS4— (I)
wherein X1 is an oxygen or sulfur atom and R3 and R4 are each independently a CnH2n+i alkyl group, wherein n is an integer of about 2 < n < 10, preferably about 4 ≤ n < 6, and m is an integer of about 0 ≤ m < 4.
(b) a secondary zinc dithiophosphate compound (or zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compound) represented by the general formula:
wherein R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each a ChH2h+i secondary alkyl group represented by the formula: R'
CH
R0
wherein h is an integer of about 3 < h ≤ 11 , preferably about 4 < h < 6; wherein R7 and R8 are each CiH2i+i alkyl groups, and i is an integer of about 1 < i < 5, preferably about 1 < I < 3;
(c) an aryl or alkyl phosphite compound represented by the general formula:
wherein R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 are each a C1H2J+I alkyl group, and j is an integer of about 1 ≤ j ≤ 20, preferably about 4 ≤ j ≤ 8, wherein the alkyl groups exhibit tertiary structures, and;
(d) a compound having at least one alkylthiocarbamoyl group represented by the general formula:
wherein R15, R16, R17, and R18 are each a CkH2ι<+i alkyl group, and k is an integer of about 1 < k < 30, preferably about 4 < k < 8, and R15, R16, R17, and R18 optionally form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded; wherein (A) is a chain of sulfur atoms, Sn, or S-(CH2)m-S, and n is an integer of about 1 < n < 10, preferably about 1 < n < 6, and m is an integer of about 1 < m ≤ 6, preferably about 1 < m < 3; wherein the total amount of compounds (a) to (d) is equal to or less than about 15% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
Compound (a) of the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, compound (a) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
Compound (b) of the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 6% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, compound (b) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
Compound (c) of the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 6% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, compound (c) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
Compound (d) of the multifunctional lubricant additive composition is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, compound (d) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
Lubricants that the present invention can improve include but are not limited to gear oil, bearing oil, sliding surface lubrication oil, chain lubricating oil, and engine oil. In a preferred embodiment, various types of lubricants, greases, especially synthetic polyol ester (POE) based lubricants, can be used as lubricant bases.
The present invention is useful as an additive composition for natural and synthetic aviation (aerospace) and automotive lubricants. Moreover, a combination of the multifunctional additive composition with the above- described lubricants improves transmission power throughput and system power density.
Specific uses also include turbine engine and transmission oils designed to meet government civil (FAA) and military (DoD) specification and requirements. Additional uses of the multifunctional additive composition include the demonstrated ability to improve scuffing (scoring) performance of metals and alloys that are commonly used for power transmission components, including but not limited to gears, bearings, splines, shafts, and springs. As such, these improvements decrease the incidence of component and system failure and rejection during customer acceptance test protocols (ATPs). The additive composition also improves pitting (surface) fatigue life and reduces the rate of component and system degradation due to wear and other phenomena.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant. The method comprises the step of: mixing a lubricant with a multifunctional lubricant additive composition that includes at least one of the compounds (a) to (d) of the above-described multifunctional lubricant additive composition thereby producing a fully formulated lubricant. For this embodiment, the molar concentration of compounds (a) to (d) may be varied to achieve a desired effect, provided however, that the total amount of the four additives is about 15% or less by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
The following formulations and experimental results illustrate some non- limiting embodiments of the multifunctional additive compositions of this invention.
Formulation #4
In this embodiment, a multifunctional additive package was added to Hatco HXL-7994 oil to create Formulation #4. Hatco HXL-7994 oil was specially prepared by Hatco to replicate Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil II, but without Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil ll's anti-wear additive tricresyl phosphate (TCP). Hatco HXL-7994 oil contains an anti-oxidant package and a yellow metal corrosion inhibitor and uses a 5 cSt polyol ester base stock, HXL-1570, having the typical properties noted in Table A below. TABLE A. Properties of HXL-1570
Formulation #4 contained the following additives:
This multifunctional additive package of Formulation #4 increased the load-carrying capacity of the Hatco HXL-7994 oil by about 3.94 times, which is superior to conventional oils such as Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il (a standard version of MIL-PRF-23699, a 5 cSt gas turbine engine oil), which typically has excellent lubricant performance as compared to other brands and versions of MIL-PRF-23699 oil. As can be seen in the figure, the Hatco HXL-7994 oil 10 had an average scuffing (scoring) failure load stage of about 5.7 (arrow 11 ), the Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il 20 had an average scuffing (scoring) failure load stage of about 19.2 (arrow 21 ), and Formulation #4 30 had an average scuffing (scoring) failure load stage of about 22.5 (arrow 31 ), which indicates that Formulation #4 has a load carrying capacity about 3.94 times greater than that of the Hatco HXL-7994 oil.
Experimental Results
The experimental results for Formulation #4 of this invention and the two reference oils (Hatco HXL-7994 oil and Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil II) were obtained using a generally accepted modified variation of the Wedeven Associates, Inc. WAM Load Capacity Test Method ("WAM Test"). The WAM Test is designed to evaluate the loading capacity of lubricants and load bearing surfaces by evaluating the wear, tear, and scuffing (scoring) thereof over a large temperature range.
Table B below shows a summary of the WAM Test conditions that were utilized to test various lubricants of this invention.
TABLE B.
Ball: AISI 9310; Ra: 10-12 //in Rolling Velocity: 158 in/sec Disc: AISI 9310; Ra: 6 //in Sliding Velocity: 345 in/sec Ball Velocity: 234 in/sec Entraining Velocity: 158 in/sec Disc Velocity: 234 in/sec Velocity Vector Angle (Z): 95° Disc Hardness: 62.5 - 63.5 HRC Temperature: Ambient (-220C) Bali Hardness: 62.5 - 63.5 HRC
For a detailed description of the WAM Test, see WAM High Speed Load Capacity Test Method, SAE Aerospace AIR4978, Revision B, 2002, and U.S. Patent No. 5,679,883 to Wedeven, both of which are hereby incorporated in full by reference.
High load-carrying oils frequently result in test suspension at load stage 30 without a scuffing (scoring) event. To differentiate candidate formulations that reach test suspension, tests can be run with a modified test protocol. The modified test protocol operates at a lower entraining velocity than the standard test protocol, which reduces the EHD film thickness and increases the test severity by causing greater asperity interaction. The test essentially operates at a reduced film thickness to surface roughness (h/σ) ratio.
The modified test protocol was developed for high load-carrying oils used for aviation gearboxes. These oils include the DOD-PRF-85734 oils for the U.S. Navy and the Def Stan 91-100 oils for the U.K. Ministry of Defense. With the modified test protocol, the highest load-carrying oils currently used in military aircraft experience scuffing (scoring) failures at load stages that range from approximately 19 to 28.
AISI 9310 specimen preparation:
Formulation #4, the Hatco HXL-7944 oil, and the Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil Il were comparatively evaluated for scuffing (scoring) resistance using a load capacity test method developed for the US Navy. The test method used ball and disc specimens. The ball specimens were 13/16-inch diameter, and the disc specimens were 4 inches in diameter and Vz inch thick. Material composition, hardness and surface finish were closely controlled. The specimens were fabricated from AISI 9310 steel, a surface-carburizing alloy that is very common for gear applications. AISI 9310 balls, or "Hard Ground" balls were heat-treated and ground in a ball manufacturing process. The balls were fabricated through the hard grinding stage. The surface finish following this operational stage was between about 10-12 microinch Ra.
The composition, hardness and surface finish of the specimens are given below:
Scuffing (Scoring) Results:
The scuffing (scoring) results of Formulation #4, the Hatco HXL-7944 oil, and the reference oil Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil II) are summarized in Table C and shown in the figure.
Table C.
Jet Oil II
Exxon-Mobil
UTLCC3 UTLCC3-9a 9-10a/3 5 24 Jet Oil II
Exxon-Mobil
UTLCC4 UTLCC3-9b 9-I0a/3 4 25 Jet Oil II
Exxon-Mobil
UTLCC5 UTLCC5-9a 9-10a/3 3 7 15 19.2 Jet Oil II
The load carrying capacity is indicated by an average scuffing (scoring) failure stage (load stage). Increased performance is observed with higher load stages. As shown in Table C, our experimental results show that the average scuffing (scoring) failure stage of Formulation # 4 is about 22.5. This scuffing (scoring) load is 3.94 times greater than that of the Hatco HXL-7944 oil, which delivered an average scuffing (scoring) failure stage of 5.7. The load carrying capacity of Formulation #4 is also superior to that of Exxon-Mobil Jet Oil II, which delivered an average scuffing (scoring) failure stage of 19.2.
While the embodiments described above are directed to lubricants of the polyol ester (POE) type, a skilled artisan would recognize that the compositions apply equally to other lubricant stock compositions including, but not limited to, lubricants comprising grease, mineral (hydrocarbon-based), polyalkylene glycol (PAG), aromatic naphthalene (AN), alkyl benzenes (AB) and polyalphaolefin (PAO) types.
It should therefore be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention. A skilled artisan, without departing from the present invention, can devise various alternatives and modifications.
Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A multifunctional lubricant additive composition comprising:
(a) a molybdenum compound of the general formula:
- MoOmS4— (I)
wherein X1 is an oxygen or sulfur atom and R3 and R4 are each independently a CnH2n+i alkyl group, wherein n is an integer of about 2 < n < 10, and m is an integer of about 0 < m < 4;
(b) a secondary zinc dithiophosphate compound of the general formula:
wherein R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each a ChHbh+i secondary alkyl groups of the formula: R'
CH
R0
wherein h is an integer of about 3 < h < 11 , wherein R7 and R8 are each a CjH2i+i alkyl group, and i is an integer of about 1 < i < 5;
(c) an aryl or alkyl phosphite compound of the general formula:
wherein R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 are each a CjH2j+1 alkyl group, and j is an integer of about 1 < j < 20, wherein the alkyl groups exhibit tertiary structures, and;
(d) a compound having at least one alkylthiocarbamoyl group of the general formula:
wherein R15, R16, R17, and R18 are each CkH2k+i alkyl groups, and k is an integer of about 1 < k < 30, and R15, R16, R17, and R18 optionally form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded; wherein (A) is a chain of sulfur atoms, Sn, or S-(CH2)m-S, and n is an integer of about 1 < n < 10, and m is an integer of about 1 < m < 6; wherein the total amount of compounds (a) to (d) is about 15% or less by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
2. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein compound (a) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
3. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein compound (a) is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
4. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein compound (b) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
5. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein compound (b) is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
6. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein compound (c) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
7. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein compound (c) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
8. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein compound (d) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
9. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein compound (d) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
10. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lubricant is selected from a group consisting of: gear oil, bearing oil, sliding surface lubrication oil, chain lubricating oil, and engine oil.
11. A method of improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant, comprising the step of: mixing a lubricant with a multifunctional lubricant additive composition comprising:
a) a compound represented by the general formula:
wherein X1 is an oxygen or sulfur atom and R3 and R4 are each a CnH2n+i alkyl group, wherein n is an integer of about 2 < n < 10, and m is an integer of about 0 < m < 4;
(b) a compound represented by the general formula:
wherein R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each a ChH2h+i secondary alkyl group represented by the formula:
R7\
CH
wherein h is an integer of about 3 < h < 11 ; wherein R7 and R8 are each a CjH2J+I alkyl group, and i is an integer of about 1 < i < 5;
(c) a compound represented by the general formula:
wherein R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 are each a CjH2j+i alkyl group, and j is an integer of about 1 < j < 20, wherein the alkyl groups exhibit tertitary structures, and;
(d) a compound represented by the general formula:
R 15 'R 17
(IV)
N (A) -C N
R 16/ R 18
wherein R15, R16, R17, and R18 are each a CkH2ι<+i alkyl group, and k is an integer of about 1 < k < 30, and R15, R16, R17, and R18 optionally form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded; wherein (A) is a chain of sulfur atoms, Sn, or S-(CH2)m-S, and n is an integer of about 1 < n < 10, and m is an integer of about 1 ≤ m ≤ 6; wherein the total amount of compounds (a) to (d) is equal to or less than about 15% by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
12. A method according to claim 11 , wherein compound (a) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
13. A method according to claim 11 , wherein compound (a) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
14. A method according to claim 11 , wherein compound (b) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
15. A method according to claim 11 , wherein compound (b) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
16. A method according to claim 11 , wherein compound (c) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
17. A method according to claim 11 , wherein compound (c) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
18. A method according to claim 11 , wherein compound (d) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 6% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
19. A method according to claim 11 , wherein compound (d) is present in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant.
20. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the lubricant is selected from a group consisting of: gear oil, bearing oil, sliding surface lubrication oil, chain lubricating oil, and engine oil.
21. A multi-functional lubricant comprising:
a base lubricant; and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: a molybdenum compound, a secondary zinc dithiophosphate compound, an aryl or alkyl phosphite compound, and a compound having at least one alkylthiocarbamoyl group, wherein
(a) the molybdenum compound has the general formula:
- MoOmS4— (I)
wherein X1 is an oxygen or sulfur atom and R3 and R4 are each independently a CnH2n+i alkyl group, wherein n is an integer of about 2 < n < 10, and m is an integer of about 0 ≤ m ≤ 4; (b) the secondary zinc dithiophosphate compound has the general formula:
wherein R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each a ChH2h+i secondary alkyl groups of the formula:
R7.
wherein h is an integer of about 3 ≤ h < 11 , wherein R7 and R8 are each a QH2J+I alkyl group, and i is an integer of about 1 < i < 5;
(c) the aryl or alkyl phosphite compound has the general formula:
wherein R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 are each a CjH2j+i alkyl group, and j is an integer of about 1 < j < 20, wherein the alkyl groups exhibit tertiary structures, and;
(d) the compound having at least one alkylthiocarbamoyl group has the general formula:
R 15 'R 17
(IV)
N (A) -C -N
R 16, \R 18
wherein R15, R16, R17, and R18 are each CkH2ι<+i alkyl groups, and k is an integer of about 1 < k < 30, and R15, R16, R17, and R18 optionally form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded; wherein (A) is a chain of sulfur atoms, Sn, or S-(CH2)m-S, and n is an integer of about 1 < n < 10, and m is an integer of about 1 < m < 6; wherein the total amount of compounds (a) to (d) is about 15% or less by mole, based on the total amount of lubricant.
22. The multifunctional lubricant additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of constituent compounds (a), (b), (c) and (d) is about 1 :1 :1 :1.
23. The multifunctional lubricant additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of constituent compounds (a) and (b) is about 1 :1.
24. The multifunctional lubricant additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of constituent compounds (a), (b), (c) and (d) is about 10:10:5:1.
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US20090137436A1 (en) 2009-05-28
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WO2007001443A3 (en) 2007-03-22
JP5362990B2 (en) 2013-12-11

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