EP1814197B1 - Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen - Google Patents

Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1814197B1
EP1814197B1 EP06425031A EP06425031A EP1814197B1 EP 1814197 B1 EP1814197 B1 EP 1814197B1 EP 06425031 A EP06425031 A EP 06425031A EP 06425031 A EP06425031 A EP 06425031A EP 1814197 B1 EP1814197 B1 EP 1814197B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement
transmitting
antenna
elements
receiving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06425031A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1814197A1 (de
Inventor
Carlo Buoli
Simone Pietro Garlaschelli
Stefano Dr. Verzura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Solutions and Networks SpA
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Nokia Solutions and Networks SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Solutions and Networks SpA filed Critical Nokia Solutions and Networks SpA
Priority to AT06425031T priority Critical patent/ATE447778T1/de
Priority to DE602006010168T priority patent/DE602006010168D1/de
Priority to EP06425031A priority patent/EP1814197B1/de
Priority to ES06425031T priority patent/ES2334937T3/es
Publication of EP1814197A1 publication Critical patent/EP1814197A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1814197B1 publication Critical patent/EP1814197B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to antenna arrangements, and was developed with specific attention paid to its possible application to the type of arrangement known as Outdoor Device Unit (ODU).
  • ODU Outdoor Device Unit
  • Antenna arrangement of current use (e.g. in terrestrial radio links, such as those supporting the "fixed” infrastructures of mobile radio networks) have to properly deal with a number of operational requirements.
  • the antenna arrangement e.g. ODU
  • ODU optical light-emitting diode
  • present-day antenna structures are comprised of several modules (antenna proper, pole mounting, and so on).
  • “low” frequencies i.e. 2 GHz
  • distributed antennas including a number of elements that operate in a space diversity configuration and are not arranged on the same substrate.
  • the performance level e.g. antenna gain, crosstalk between transmitter and receiver sections
  • the performance level should not be adversely affected by any attempts at complying with the other requirements indicated in the foregoing.
  • the object of the invention is thus to provide a fully satisfactory response to those needs.
  • a preferred embodiment of the arrangement described herein allows an easier installation, by means of a "smart" antenna integrated in a ODU and adapted to manage automatic software-driven antenna pointing.
  • the related structure is compact as it includes radio circuitry and the antenna elements proper arranged on the same printed circuit board.
  • the related assembly procedures can thus be made simpler by resorting, e.g., to a standard SMT process.
  • the arrangement is of reduced size overall, this being particularly the case in point for operating frequencies higher than 15 GHz.
  • the preferred embodiment of the antenna arrangement described herein entails i.a, the following advantages:
  • An antenna arrangement 10 as described herein is essentially in the form of a self-contained unit, e.g. a flat panel having preferably a square/rectangular shape. Other shapes (e.g. round, diamond shaped with rounded corners and so on are possible but less preferred.
  • Typical dimensions for an antenna operating in the 18 GHz range are about 30 cm x 30 cm, while a typical weight of the assembly is about 2 kg, which makes it very practical to transport and/or hoist to mounting sites.
  • the antenna arrangement 10 includes a core layer 12 having associated a cover lid 14.
  • the core layer 12 is essentially comprised of a standard printed circuit board (PCB) having mounted thereon various components 16 that implement - in a manner known per se - typical radio functions (e.g. DC converter, modem, digital processing, and IF/RF conversion).
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the components 16 can thus be mounted on the PCB 12 (typically on the top surface thereof, which in fact corresponds to the rear side of the antenna 10) by resorting to any standard process known from printed circuit/integrated circuit technology.
  • Standard Surface Mounting Technology (SMT) representes a presently preferred choice for such mounting technology.
  • reference 16a designates conductive lines or strips extending at the top surface of the (possibly multilayered) PCB 12 to provide electrical connections to the circuits 16.
  • the cover 14 is mounted onto the top surface of the PCB and retained thereon by known means such as e.g. screws.
  • the cover 14 is typically of a lightweight, electrically conductive material and is thus able to shield electromagnetic emission from the circuits 16, while also protecting the circuits 16 from electromagnetic interference from outside.
  • the cover 14 includes niches and/or ribs, that, while reducing interference among microwave functions, also bestow the desired mechanical robustness on the antenna arrangement 10. Laterally (e.g. at the edge) of the cover 14, connectors 15 for IDU-ODU links (not shown) are provided.
  • a matrix of slots 18 is provided on the bottom side of the PCB 12 (which in fact corresponds to the front side of the antenna 10) a matrix of slots 18 is provided.
  • the enlarged view of Figure 3 shows a number of metallization layers 20, 22, and 24 provided on the bottom side of the PCB 12 and having associated electrically insulating layers 20a, 22a, and 24a.
  • the metallization layer 20 is a ground plane to separate the antenna elements 18 from the circuitry 16.
  • the metallization layer 22 is comprised of signal carrying lines or strips shaped to act as feeders to/from the slots 18 that are provided in the layer 24.
  • the slots 18 are arranged in a plurality of sub-matrixes or subsets.
  • four sub-matrixes of slots designated 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D are shown roughly arranged in two rows and two columns. Thanks to the arrangement of the slots 18 in a plurality of sub-matrixes 18A to 18D, the antenna 10 can be implemented as a "smart" integrated antenna.
  • Each sub-matrix 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D includes both transmitting and receiving slots.
  • each sub-matrix 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D can be considered to be comprised of alternated columns (or, possibly, rows) of receiving and transmitting slots.
  • each sub-matrix 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D is comprised of four columns of four slots each.
  • the "odd" columns i.e. the first and third columns
  • the "even" columns i.e. the second and fourth columns
  • transmitting slots may be comprised of transmitting slots.
  • receiving and transmitting slots may be applied to i) any number of columns, and ii) to the rows, in the place of the columns, in the sub-matrixes 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D. Additionally, these sub-matrixes may present in any number other than four, including (insofar as the alternate arrangement of receiving and transmitting slots 18 in the antenna 10 is considered) the possible presence of a single matrix of slots 18.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the slot arrangement, wherein the receiving and transmitting slots 18 are shown with uniform spacings for the sake of simplicity. In fact, as better explained in the following in connection with Figure 8 , such spacings are selected to be non-uniform in order to separate the transmitting and receiving sections of the antenna 10 while dispensing with the need of using a duplexer for that purpose.
  • the arrangement described herein thus provides an integrated microwave outdoor unit (ODU) consisting of a radio appliance with integrated antenna elements (i.e. the slots 18), implemented on a printed circuit board 12, having mounted thereon the radio function components (essentially the circuitry 16) and the pole mounting attacks (these are not expressly shown, but can easily be provided on the cover 14).
  • ODU integrated microwave outdoor unit
  • the availability of a plurality of sub-matrixes 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D of antenna elements 18 makes the antenna suitable for the application of a beam forming mechanism in view of automatic pointing of the antenna system.
  • integrated antennas are used, particularly in the military field e.g. for radar tracking/ranging applications and for missile guiding or in the commercial field for low frequency radio applications.
  • the basic concept underlying the arrangement described herein is to employ a PCB antenna integrated in a radio link appliance operating at microwave frequencies. This while using a Frequency Division Domain (FDD) approach, which admits full-duplex operation while also ensuring good insulation performance between the receiver and transmitter sections with good system gain.
  • FDD Frequency Division Domain
  • the microwave transmitters and receivers are distributed over the PCB 12 in sections corresponding to the sub-matrixes of slots 18. For instance, in the exemplary arrangement described herein, the microwave transmitters and receivers are distributed over the PCB 12 in four "quadrants". Each such section or quadrant (for instance, figure 4 illustrates the quadrant corresponding to the slot sub-matrix 18A) includes a transmitter 30A and a receiver 40A. These are connected to the slots 18 via the lines 22 (see also Figure 3 ) so that the transmitter 30A feeds the transmitting slots with the signal to be transmitted and the receiver 40A is in turn fed with the signal received from the receiving slots. Typically, both the signal transmitted and the signal received include "in-phase" and "quadrature” components, designated I and Q, respectively.
  • the transmitter 30A and the receiver 40A are connected to several slots 18 in order to reach the desired gain of the antenna while also allowing "beam forming" operation. This is carried out by known means and methods, thus making it unnecessary to provide a more detailed description herein.
  • FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of signal processing circuitry adapted to be incorporated in the circuitry 16 mounted on board the PCB 12.
  • the circuitry in question includes a modem 32 operating under the control of a microprocessor 34 (which manages alarms, performance monitoring and beam forming processes) and cooperating with a power supply unit 36 (which distributes secondary and tertiary bias voltages).
  • the block 38 is a de-phasing unit included in a digital device such as, e.g., a FGPA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to act on the signals transmitted and received via the antenna by dephasing them in order to correspondingly modify the antenna transmission/reception lobe(s) to effect proper antenna pointing.
  • FGPA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • signals transmitted by the modem 32 are processed by Digital/Analog converters 34A, 34B, 34C, and 34D to be then up-converted for transmission by the transmitters 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D.
  • signals received via the receivers 40A, 40B, 40C, and 40D are down-converted and then processed via Analog/Digital converters 36A, 36B, 36C, and 36D to be then fed to the modem 32.
  • the microwave functions are distributed over the PCB 12 as this facilitates reducing the manufacturing cost of the whole antenna arrangement.
  • the transmitter e.g. the transmitter 30A shown in Figure 4
  • the transmitter e.g. the transmitter 30A shown in Figure 4
  • the "I" and "Q" components of the baseband signal are directly up-converted by mixing in a mixer stage 50 with a local reference signal obtained by multiplying in a multiplier 52 a local reference signal OLRF.
  • the resulting up-converted signal is power amplified in a RF amplifier 56, while a variable attenuator 54 manages the output power level.
  • FIG. 7 An exemplary block diagram of the receiver (e.g. the receiver 40A shown in Figure 4 ) is shown in Figure 7 .
  • This includes a low noise amplifier (LNA) 60 connected to the slots 18, which amplifies the signal received and brings it to a mixer 62.
  • the mixer 62 is "pumped” by a local reference signal obtained by multiplying in a multiplier a local reference signal OLRF,.
  • the "pump" signal of the mixer 62 can be the same signal generated by the multiplier 52 of the transmitter section that is a local multiplied oscillator signal, coming from a common microwave oscillator.
  • the "I” and “Q” converted signals from the mixer 62 are then combined by means of a 90 hybrid element 64 and converted again to a base band (BB) signal by using a common PCB mixer 66 fed with a desired local shifter signal OL.
  • BB base band
  • each sub-matrix 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D is comprised of alternated columns (or, possibly, rows) of receiving (RX) and transmitting (TX) slots 18 to optimize RX/TX separation.
  • the distances A and B between alternated receiver and transmitter elements 18 is adjusted so that the arrays (e.g columns) of receiving (RX) slots 18 - more precisely, the notional median lines thereof, orthogonal to the direction of extension of the slots 19 - are not arranged midway the arrays (e.g columns) of transmitting (TX) slots 18.
  • the arrays of receiver and transmitter elements 18 are arranged in such a way that the notional median line of each array of receiving slots RX has two distances A and B to the median lines of the two neighboring transmitting slots TX.
  • the two distances A and B are not equal - as it would be the case for equally spaced receiving and transmitting arrays - but rather have a difference (A - B) of about ⁇ /2.
  • the entity ⁇ is representative of the (central) wavelength used for transmission and reception (corresponding to e.g. 24.43 GHz or 26.57 GHz).
  • ⁇ /2 is intended to take into account that, due to the geometry of the slots, the optimum value of A - B may in fact slightly differ from the exact mathematical value ⁇ /2.
  • This uneven spacing or separation (i.e. A - B being different from 0) of the arrays of receiving and transmitting slots (RX and TX, respectively) provides proper isolation between transmitting and receiving slots. This without having to resort for that purpose to a duplexer as an additional component of the antenna arrangement and/or to cross polarization between signals transmitted and received.
  • the difference A - B being (at least approximately) half the wavelength ⁇
  • the two components from the two neighboring arrays of transmitting elements TX will interfere with maximum destructive interference (being in fact opposed in phase) in correspondence with the array of receiving elements RX. Interference between the signal transmitted and the signal received is thus minimized by providing a very good level of separation between the two thus making it unnecessary to include a duplexer in the antenna arrangement.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Antennenanordnung (10) mit sendenden Elementen (18) für ein gesendetes Signal und empfangenden Elementen (18) für ein empfangenes Signal, wobei die sendenden (TX) und die empfangenden (RX) Antennenelemente (18) in Arrays angeordnet sind, wobei
    - die Arrays von sendenden und empfangenden Antennenelementen abgewechselte Arrays von sendenden bzw. empfangenden Elementen sind, wobei die abgewechselten Arrays ungleichmäßig separiert sind,
    - die Arrays von sendenden und empfangenden Antennenelementen (18) lineare Arrays mit gedachten Mittellinien sind und die ungleichmäßige Separierung zwischen jeweiligen Mittellinien der linearen Arrays von sendenden und empfangenden Antennenelementen (18) definiert wird und
    - die ungleichmäßig separierten Arrays von sendenden (TX) und empfangenden (RX) Antennenelementen mindestens ein Array von empfangenden (RX) Elementen umfassen, das zwei verschiedene Abstände (A, B) zu zwei benachbarten Arrays von sendenden (TX) Elementen aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwei verschiedenen Abstände (A, B) eine Differenz (A - B) von etwa der Hälfte (λ/2) der zum Senden und Empfangen mit der Antenne verwendeten Mittenwellenlänge (λ) aufweisen, um an dem mindestens einen Array von empfangenden Elementen (RX) destruktive Interferenz des von den zwei benachbarten Arrays von sendenden Elementen (TX) gesendeten Signals zu produzieren.
  2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sendenden und empfangenden Antennenelemente (18) in Form von Schlitzen vorliegen.
  3. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sendenden und empfangenden Antennenelemente (18) in Form von Schlitzen vorliegen und die Arrays von sendenden und empfangenden Antennenelementen (18) lineare Arrays sind, die sich orthogonal zu der Erstreckungsrichtung der Schlitze (18) erstrecken.
  4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die linearen Arrays die Spalten mindestens einer Matrix (18A, 18B, 18C, 18D) der sendenden und empfangenden Elemente (18) sind.
  5. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antennenelemente (18) in Untergruppen (18A, 18B, 18C, 18D) mit zugeordneten jeweiligen Mengen von Signalverarbeitungsschaltkreisen (30A, 34A, 36A, 40A; 30B, 34B, 36B, 40B; 30C, 34C, 36C, 40C; 30D, 34D, 36D, 40D) angeordnet sind, wodurch ein automatisches Ausrichten der Antenne (10) über Signalverarbeitung (38) ermöglicht wird.
  6. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Kernschicht (12) in Form einer Leiterplatte umfasst, die die Antennenelemente (18) sowie die ihnen zugeordneten Signalverarbeitungsschaltkreise (16) trägt.
  7. Anordnung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Antennenelemente (18) und die zugeordneten Schaltkreise (16) an entgegengesetzten Seiten der Leiterplatte (12) befinden.
  8. Anordnung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zugeordneten Schaltkreise (16) SMD-Komponenten umfassen, die unter Verwendung von Oberflächemontagetechnologie (SMT) auf der Leiterplatte (12) angebracht sind.
  9. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antennenelemente (18) in Form von Schlitzen in einer Metallisierung (24) auf der Leiterplatte (12) vorgesehen sind.
  10. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Metallisierungsschicht umfasst, die eine Massefläche auf der Leiterplatte (12) bildet, um die Antennenelemente (18) von den zugeordneten Schaltkreisen (16) zu isolieren.
  11. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Metallisierungsleitungen oder -streifen (22) umfasst, die auf der Leiterplatte (12) vorgesehen sind, um Signale mit Bezug auf die Antennenelemente (18) zu übermitteln.
  12. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine durch einen Mikroprozessor (34) verwaltete Phasenverschiebungseinheit (38) umfasst, um auf die über die Antenne gesendeten und empfangenen Signale zu wirken, indem sie phasenverschoben werden, um die Antennensende-/ -empfangskeule(n) entsprechend zu modifizieren, um eine ordnungsgemäße Antennenausrichtung zu bewirken.
  13. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Kernschicht (12) umfasst, die die Antennenelemente (18) sowie ihnen zugeordnete Signalverarbeitungsschaltkreise (16) trägt, wobei die Kernschicht (12) eine zugeordnete Abdeckung (14) aufweist, die als eine Abschirmung für die zugeordneten Schaltkreise (16) wirkt.
  14. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche in Form einer selbständigen Einheit.
  15. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche in Form einer Flachanordnung.
  16. Anordnung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flachanordnung insgesamt eine quadratische oder rechteckige Form aufweist.
EP06425031A 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen Active EP1814197B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT06425031T ATE447778T1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 ANTENNENVORRICHTUNG MIT UNGLEICHMÄßIG BEABSTANDETEN ELEMENTEN
DE602006010168T DE602006010168D1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen
EP06425031A EP1814197B1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen
ES06425031T ES2334937T3 (es) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Dispositivo de antena con elementos espaciados desigualmente.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06425031A EP1814197B1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen

Publications (2)

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EP1814197A1 EP1814197A1 (de) 2007-08-01
EP1814197B1 true EP1814197B1 (de) 2009-11-04

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EP06425031A Active EP1814197B1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen

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EP (1) EP1814197B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE447778T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006010168D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2334937T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3092508B1 (de) * 2014-01-09 2018-01-31 Fincantieri S.p.A. Bistatischer radar

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0831553A2 (de) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-25 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Antennenvorrichtung
WO2001006595A2 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-01-25 Celletra Ltd. Active antenna array configuration and control for cellular communication systems

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2741478B1 (fr) * 1993-12-28 1998-06-05 Le Centre Thomson D Applic Rad Antenne a formation de faisceaux par calcul segmentee en sous-reseaux
JP3629399B2 (ja) * 2000-04-18 2005-03-16 シャープ株式会社 アンテナ一体化マイクロ波・ミリ波モジュール
US6340949B1 (en) * 2000-12-07 2002-01-22 Hughes Electronics Corporation Multiple beam phased array with aperture partitioning
GB2398429A (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-08-18 Bae Systems Plc Partitioning an antenna array

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0831553A2 (de) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-25 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Antennenvorrichtung
WO2001006595A2 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-01-25 Celletra Ltd. Active antenna array configuration and control for cellular communication systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1814197A1 (de) 2007-08-01
ATE447778T1 (de) 2009-11-15
DE602006010168D1 (de) 2009-12-17
ES2334937T3 (es) 2010-03-17

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