EP1814197A1 - Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen - Google Patents

Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1814197A1
EP1814197A1 EP06425031A EP06425031A EP1814197A1 EP 1814197 A1 EP1814197 A1 EP 1814197A1 EP 06425031 A EP06425031 A EP 06425031A EP 06425031 A EP06425031 A EP 06425031A EP 1814197 A1 EP1814197 A1 EP 1814197A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement
transmitting
elements
antenna
antenna elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06425031A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1814197B1 (de
Inventor
Carlo Buoli
Simone Pietro Garlaschelli
Stefano Dr. Verzura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Solutions and Networks SpA
Original Assignee
Siemens SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens SpA filed Critical Siemens SpA
Priority to AT06425031T priority Critical patent/ATE447778T1/de
Priority to ES06425031T priority patent/ES2334937T3/es
Priority to DE602006010168T priority patent/DE602006010168D1/de
Priority to EP06425031A priority patent/EP1814197B1/de
Publication of EP1814197A1 publication Critical patent/EP1814197A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1814197B1 publication Critical patent/EP1814197B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to antenna arrangements, and was developed with specific attention paid to its possible application to the type of arrangement known as Outdoor Device Unit (ODU).
  • ODU Outdoor Device Unit
  • Antenna arrangement of current use (e.g. in terrestrial radio links, such as those supporting the "fixed” infrastructures of mobile radio networks) have to properly deal with a number of operational requirements.
  • the antenna arrangement e.g. ODU
  • ODU optical light-emitting diode
  • present-day antenna structures are comprised of several modules (antenna proper, pole mounting, and so on).
  • “low” frequencies i.e. 2 GHz
  • distributed antennas including a number of elements that operate in a space diversity configuration and are not arranged on the same substrate.
  • the performance level e.g. antenna gain, crosstalk between transmitter and receiver sections
  • the performance level should not be adversely affected by any attempts at complying with the other requirements indicated in the foregoing.
  • the object of the invention is thus to provide a fully satisfactory response to those needs.
  • a preferred embodiment of the arrangement described herein allows an easier installation, by means of a "smart" antenna integrated in a ODU and adapted to manage automatic software-driven antenna pointing.
  • the related structure is compact as it includes radio circuitry and the antenna elements proper arranged on the same printed circuit board.
  • the related assembly procedures can thus be made simpler by resorting, e.g., to a standard SMT process.
  • the arrangement is of reduced size overall, this being particularly the case in point for operating frequencies higher than 15 GHz.
  • the preferred embodiment of the antenna arrangement described herein entails i.a, the following advantages:
  • An antenna arrangement 10 as described herein is essentially in the form of a self-contained unit, e.g. a flat panel having preferably a square/rectangular shape. Other shapes (e.g. round, diamond shaped with rounded corners and so on are possible but less preferred.
  • Typical dimensions for an antenna operating in the 18 GHz range are about 30 cm x 30 cm, while a typical weight of the assembly is about 2 kg, which makes it very practical to transport and/or hoist to mounting sites.
  • the antenna arrangement 10 includes a core layer 12 having associated a cover lid 14.
  • the core layer 12 is essentially comprised of a standard printed circuit board (PCB) having mounted thereon various components 16 that implement - in a manner known per se - typical radio functions (e.g. DC converter, modem, digital processing, and IF/RF conversion).
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the components 16 can thus be mounted on the PCB 12 (typically on the top surface thereof, which in fact corresponds to the rear side of the antenna 10) by resorting to any standard process known from printed circuit/integrated circuit technology.
  • Standard Surface Mounting Technology (SMT) representes a presently preferred choice for such mounting technology.
  • reference 16a designates conductive lines or strips extending at the top surface of the (possibly multilayered) PCB 12 to provide electrical connections to the circuits 16.
  • the cover 14 is mounted onto the top surface of the PCB and retained thereon by known means such as e.g. screws.
  • the cover 14 is typically of a lightweight, electrically conductive material and is thus able to shield electromagnetic emission from the circuits 16, while also protecting the circuits 16 from electromagnetic interference from outside.
  • the cover 14 includes niches and/or ribs, that, while reducing interference among microwave functions, also bestow the desired mechanical robustness on the antenna arrangement 10. Laterally (e.g. at the edge) of the cover 14, connectors 15 for IDU-ODU links (not shown) are provided.
  • a matrix of slots 18 is provided on the bottom side of the PCB 12 (which in fact corresponds to the front side of the antenna 10) a matrix of slots 18 is provided.
  • the enlarged view of Figure 3 shows a number of metallization layers 20, 22, and 24 provided on the bottom side of the PCB 12 and having associated electrically insulating layers 20a, 22a, and 24a.
  • the metallization layer 20 is a ground plane to separate the antenna elements 18 from the circuitry 16.
  • the metallization layer 22 is comprised of signal carrying lines or strips shaped to act as feeders to/from the slots 18 that are provided in the layer 24.
  • the slots 18 are arranged in a plurality of sub-matrixes or subsets.
  • four sub-matrixes of slots designated 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D are shown roughly arranged in two rows and two columns. Thanks to the arrangement of the slots 18 in a plurality of sub-matrixes 18A to 18D, the antenna 10 can be implemented as a "smart" integrated antenna.
  • Each sub-matrix 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D includes both transmitting and receiving slots.
  • each sub-matrix 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D can be considered to be comprised of alternated columns (or, possibly, rows) of receiving and transmitting slots.
  • each sub-matrix 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D is comprised of four columns of four slots each.
  • the "odd" columns i.e. the first and third columns
  • the "even" columns i.e. the second and fourth columns
  • transmitting slots may be comprised of transmitting slots.
  • receiving and transmitting slots may be applied to i) any number of columns, and ii) to the rows, in the place of the columns, in the sub-matrixes 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D. Additionally, these sub-matrixes may present in any number other than four, including (insofar as the alternate arrangement of receiving and transmitting slots 18 in the antenna 10 is considered) the possible presence of a single matrix of slots 18.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic representation of the slot arrangement, wherein the receiving and transmitting slots 18 are shown with uniform spacings for the sake of simplicity. In fact, as better explained in the following in connection with Figure 8, such spacings are selected to be non-uniform in order to separate the transmitting and receiving sections of the antenna 10 while dispensing with the need of using a duplexer for that purpose.
  • the arrangement described herein thus provides an integrated microwave outdoor unit (ODU) consisting of a radio appliance with integrated antenna elements (i.e. the slots 18), implemented on a printed circuit board 12, having mounted thereon the radio function components (essentially the circuitry 16) and the pole mounting attacks (these are not expressly shown, but can easily be provided on the cover 14).
  • ODU integrated microwave outdoor unit
  • the availability of a plurality of sub-matrixes 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D of antenna elements 18 makes the antenna suitable for the application of a beam forming mechanism in view of automatic pointing of the antenna system.
  • integrated antennas are used, particularly in the military field e.g. for radar tracking/ranging applications and for missile guiding or in the commercial field for low frequency radio applications.
  • the basic concept underlying the arrangement described herein is to employ a PCB antenna integrated in a radio link appliance operating at microwave frequencies. This while using a Frequency Division Domain (FDD) approach, which admits full-duplex operation while also ensuring good insulation performance between the receiver and transmitter sections with good system gain.
  • FDD Frequency Division Domain
  • the microwave transmitters and receivers are distributed over the PCB 12 in sections corresponding to the sub-matrixes of slots 18. For instance, in the exemplary arrangement described herein, the microwave transmitters and receivers are distributed over the PCB 12 in four "quadrants". Each such section or quadrant (for instance, figure 4 illustrates the quadrant corresponding to the slot sub-matrix 18A) includes a transmitter 30A and a receiver 40A. These are connected to the slots 18 via the lines 22 (see also Figure 3) so that the transmitter 30A feeds the transmitting slots with the signal to be transmitted and the receiver 40A is in turn fed with the signal received from the receiving slots. Typically, both the signal transmitted and the signal received include "in-phase" and "quadrature” components, designated I and Q, respectively.
  • the transmitter 30A and the receiver 40A are connected to several slots 18 in order to reach the desired gain of the antenna while also allowing "beam forming" operation. This is carried out by known means and methods, thus making it unnecessary to provide a more detailed description herein.
  • FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of signal processing circuitry adapted to be incorporated in the circuitry 16 mounted on board the PCB 12.
  • the circuitry in question includes a modem 32 operating under the control of a microprocessor 34 (which manages alarms, performance monitoring and beam forming processes) and cooperating with a power supply unit 36 (which distributes secondary and tertiary bias voltages).
  • the block 38 is a de-phasing unit included in a digital device such as, e.g., a FGPA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to act on the signals transmitted and received via the antenna by dephasing them in order to correspondingly modify the antenna transmission/reception lobe(s) to effect proper antenna pointing.
  • FGPA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • signals transmitted by the modem 32 are processed by Digital/Analog converters 34A, 34B, 34C, and 34D to be then up-converted for transmission by the transmitters 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D.
  • signals received via the receivers 40A, 40B, 40C, and 40D are down-converted and then processed via Analog/Digital converters 36A, 36B, 36C, and 36D to be then fed to the modem 32.
  • the microwave functions are distributed over the PCB 12 as this facilitates reducing the manufacturing cost of the whole antenna arrangement.
  • the transmitter e.g. the transmitter 30A shown in Figure 4
  • the transmitter e.g. the transmitter 30A shown in Figure 4
  • the "I" and "Q" components of the baseband signal are directly up-converted by mixing in a mixer stage 50 with a local reference signal obtained by multiplying in a multiplier 52 a local reference signal OLRF.
  • the resulting up-converted signal is power amplified in a RF amplifier 56, while a variable attenuator 54 manages the output power level.
  • FIG. 7 An exemplary block diagram of the receiver (e.g. the receiver 40A shown in Figure 4) is shown in Figure 7.
  • This includes a low noise amplifier (LNA) 60 connected to the slots 18, which amplifies the signal received and brings it to a mixer 62.
  • the mixer 62 is "pumped” by a local reference signal obtained by multiplying in a multiplier a local reference signal OLRF,.
  • the "pump" signal of the mixer 62 can be the same signal generated by the multiplier 52 of the transmitter section that is a local multiplied oscillator signal, coming from a common microwave oscillator.
  • the "I” and “Q” converted signals from the mixer 62 are then combined by means of a 90 hybrid element 64 and converted again to a base band (BB) signal by using a common PCB mixer 66 fed with a desired local shifter signal OL.
  • BB base band
  • each sub-matrix 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D is comprised of alternated columns (or, possibly, rows) of receiving (RX) and transmitting (TX) slots 18 to optimize RX/TX separation.
  • the distances A and B between alternated receiver and transmitter elements 18 is adjusted so that the arrays (e.g columns) of receiving (RX) slots 18 - more precisely, the notional median lines thereof, orthogonal to the direction of extension of the slots 19 - are not arranged midway the arrays (e.g columns) of transmitting (TX) slots 18.
  • the arrays of receiver and transmitter elements 18 are arranged in such a way that the notional median line of each array of receiving slots RX has two distances A and B to the median lines of the two neighboring transmitting slots TX.
  • the two distances A and B are not equal - as it would be the case for equally spaced receiving and transmitting arrays - but rather have a difference (A - B) of about ⁇ /2.
  • the entity ⁇ is representative of the (central) wavelength used for transmission and reception (corresponding to e.g. 24.43 GHz or 26.57 GHz).
  • ⁇ /2 is intended to take into account that, due to the geometry of the slots, the optimum value of A - B may in fact slightly differ from the exact mathematical value ⁇ /2.
  • This uneven spacing or separation (i.e. A - B being different from 0) of the arrays of receiving and transmitting slots (RX and TX, respectively) provides proper isolation between transmitting and receiving slots. This without having to resort for that purpose to a duplexer as an additional component of the antenna arrangement and/or to cross polarization between signals transmitted and received.
  • the difference A - B being (at least approximately) half the wavelength ⁇
  • the two components from the two neighboring arrays of transmitting elements TX will interfere with maximum destructive interference (being in fact opposed in phase) in correspondence with the array of receiving elements RX. Interference between the signal transmitted and the signal received is thus minimized by providing a very good level of separation between the two thus making it unnecessary to include a duplexer in the antenna arrangement.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP06425031A 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen Active EP1814197B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT06425031T ATE447778T1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 ANTENNENVORRICHTUNG MIT UNGLEICHMÄßIG BEABSTANDETEN ELEMENTEN
ES06425031T ES2334937T3 (es) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Dispositivo de antena con elementos espaciados desigualmente.
DE602006010168T DE602006010168D1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen
EP06425031A EP1814197B1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06425031A EP1814197B1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1814197A1 true EP1814197A1 (de) 2007-08-01
EP1814197B1 EP1814197B1 (de) 2009-11-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06425031A Active EP1814197B1 (de) 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 Antennenvorrichtung mit ungleichmäßig beabstandeten Elementen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1814197B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE447778T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006010168D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2334937T3 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015104728A1 (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-16 Fincantieri S.P.A. Bistatic radar

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2741478A1 (fr) * 1993-12-28 1997-05-23 Le Centre Thomson D Applic Rad Antenne a formation de faisceaux par calcul segmentee en sous-reseaux
US6340949B1 (en) * 2000-12-07 2002-01-22 Hughes Electronics Corporation Multiple beam phased array with aperture partitioning
US20020070901A1 (en) * 2000-04-18 2002-06-13 Naoki Sakota Antenna-integrated microwave-millimeter wave module
GB2398429A (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-08-18 Bae Systems Plc Partitioning an antenna array

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1093322A (ja) * 1996-09-18 1998-04-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd アンテナ装置
US6900775B2 (en) * 1997-03-03 2005-05-31 Celletra Ltd. Active antenna array configuration and control for cellular communication systems

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2741478A1 (fr) * 1993-12-28 1997-05-23 Le Centre Thomson D Applic Rad Antenne a formation de faisceaux par calcul segmentee en sous-reseaux
US20020070901A1 (en) * 2000-04-18 2002-06-13 Naoki Sakota Antenna-integrated microwave-millimeter wave module
US6340949B1 (en) * 2000-12-07 2002-01-22 Hughes Electronics Corporation Multiple beam phased array with aperture partitioning
GB2398429A (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-08-18 Bae Systems Plc Partitioning an antenna array

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015104728A1 (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-16 Fincantieri S.P.A. Bistatic radar
RU2658671C2 (ru) * 2014-01-09 2018-06-22 Финкантиери С.П.А. Бистатическая радиолокационная станция

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2334937T3 (es) 2010-03-17
DE602006010168D1 (de) 2009-12-17
ATE447778T1 (de) 2009-11-15
EP1814197B1 (de) 2009-11-04

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