EP1808929A1 - Appareil de communication mobile sans fil avec un directeur électroconducteur et méthode correspondante - Google Patents
Appareil de communication mobile sans fil avec un directeur électroconducteur et méthode correspondante Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1808929A1 EP1808929A1 EP06250180A EP06250180A EP1808929A1 EP 1808929 A1 EP1808929 A1 EP 1808929A1 EP 06250180 A EP06250180 A EP 06250180A EP 06250180 A EP06250180 A EP 06250180A EP 1808929 A1 EP1808929 A1 EP 1808929A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pcb
- electrically conductive
- main branch
- wireless communications
- antenna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
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- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/22—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of communications devices, and, more particularly, to mobile wireless communications devices and related methods.
- Cellular communications systems continue to grow in popularity and have become an integral part of both personal and business communications.
- Cellular telephones allow users to place and receive voice calls most anywhere they travel.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- many cellular devices now incorporate personal digital assistant (PDA) features such as calendars, address books, task lists, etc.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- multi-function devices may also allow users to wirelessly send and receive electronic mail (email) messages and access the Internet via a cellular network and/or a wireless local area network (WLAN), for example.
- WLAN wireless local area network
- the antenna includes a conductive top plate formed in the shape of a spiral.
- a sidewall meanderline extends from an edge of the top plate in the direction of a ground plane.
- a shorting meanderline connects the top plate and the ground plane.
- a first region of the top plate overlies the ground plane.
- a second region of the top plate extends beyond the ground plane. Tuning is provided by adjusting the length and other dimensions of the meanderlines.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mobile wireless communications device in accordance with the invention next to a user wearing an electronic hearing aid.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the PCB and director element of the mobile wireless communications device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic rear view of the PCB and director element of the mobile wireless communications device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is schematic side view of the PCB, director element, and housing of the mobile wireless communications device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of the PCB, director element, and housing of the mobile wireless communications device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of an alternative embodiment of the PCB and director elements of the mobile wireless communications device of FIG. 1.
- FIGS. 7 through 9 are two-dimensional beam pattern diagrams for a mobile wireless communications device antenna at three respective operating frequencies without an associated director element and with an associated director element in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of the mobile wireless communications device of FIG. 1 illustrating additional exemplary components thereof.
- a mobile wireless communications device may include a portable housing, a printed circuit board (PCB) carried by the portable housing, a wireless transceiver carried by the PCB, and an antenna connected to the transceiver and carried by the PCB.
- the mobile wireless communications device may further include at least one director element for directing a beam pattern of the antenna. More particularly, the at least one director element may include an electrically conductive main branch carried by the portable housing, and an electrically conductive connector portion extending between the main branch and the PCB.
- the director element(s) may advantageously be used to direct the beam pattern of the antenna to reduce interference with a hearing aid of a user, for example, to advantageously improve hearing aid compatibility of the mobile wireless communications device, for example.
- the PCB may include a top portion and a bottom portion, and the antenna may be carried by the bottom portion of the PCB.
- the PCB may have a generally rectangular shape with opposing sides and opposing ends, and the electrically conductive main branch may extend parallel with a side of the PCB.
- the at least one director element may also be a pair thereof, with a respective electrically conductive main branch of each director element extending parallel to a respective side of the PCB.
- the electrically conductive main branch may extend parallel with the rear surface of the PCB.
- the electrically conductive main branch may be carried within the portable housing or externally of the portable housing.
- the PCB may include an antenna feed area connected to the antenna, and the electrically conductive connector portion may contact the PCB adjacent the antenna feed area.
- the antenna may have an operating wavelength
- the electrically conductive main branch may have a length of about 1 ⁇ 4 to 1 ⁇ 2 of the operating wavelength, for example.
- the electrically conductive main branch may be an electrically conductive bar, for example.
- the electrically conductive connector portion may extend transversely from a medial portion of the electrically conductive main branch.
- the wireless transceiver may be a cellular transceiver, for example.
- a method aspect is for improving hearing aid compatibility (HAC) of a mobile wireless communications device, such as the one discussed briefly above, for a user with an electronic hearing aid.
- the method may include positioning at least one director element for directing a beam pattern of the antenna to reduce interference with the hearing aid.
- the at least one director element may include an electrically conductive main branch carried by the portable housing, and an electrically conductive connector portion extending between the main branch and the PCB.
- a mobile wireless communications device such as a cellular telephone 20
- the cellular telephone 20 illustratively includes a portable housing 24 and an audio output transducer 28 (e.g., a speaker) carried by the housing and accessible to the electronic hearing aid 22 of the user 21 adjacent the top of the housing as shown.
- An audio input transducer i.e., microphone
- the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communications devices such as wireless LAN devices, etc.
- an antenna 35 is illustratively positioned adjacent the bottom of the housing 24 so that the electronic hearing aid 22 of the user 21 is advantageously separated from the antenna when the cellular telephone 20 is held adjacent the user's ear 23.
- the cellular telephone 20 advantageously reduces undesired coupling from the antenna to the electronic hearing aid without the need for special shielding arrangements.
- this configuration is beneficial from a hearing aid compatibility (HAC) standpoint.
- HAC hearing aid compatibility
- the cellular telephone 20 further illustratively includes a printed circuit board (PCB) 37 carried by the housing 24, and the antenna 35 and a wireless (e.g., cellular) transceiver 38 are carried by the PCB.
- PCB printed circuit board
- these components may be carried on the back surface or in positions other than those shown in other embodiments.
- the PCB 37 illustratively includes an antenna feed area 40 where the antenna 35 connects to the wireless transceiver 38.
- the antenna 35 may include a plurality of conductive traces on the PCB 37, for example, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. As noted above, the positioning of the antenna 35 adjacent a bottom of the housing 24 advantageously reduces coupling to the electronic hearing aid 22 of the user 21, however the antenna may be located elsewhere in different embodiments.
- the cellular telephone 20 may further include other components connected to the PCB 37 such as a display, battery, keypad, processing circuitry, etc., as will be discussed further below.
- the cellular telephone 20 further illustratively includes one or more director elements 30 for directing a beam pattern of the antenna 35.
- the director element 30 illustratively includes an electrically conductive main branch 32 carried by the housing 24, and an electrically conductive connector portion 33 extending between the main branch and the PCB 37.
- the director element 30 is advantageously used to direct the beam pattern of the antenna 35 to further reduce interference with the electronic hearing aid 22 of the user 21, for example, to advantageously improve hearing aid compatibility of the cellular telephone 20. That is, by directing the beam pattern of the antenna 35 such that the main lobe gain is directed away from the ear 23, and thus the electronic hearing aid 22, of the user 21, this advantageously reduces the interference with the electronic hearing aid, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
- the PCB 37 illustratively has a generally rectangular shape with opposing sides 41 a, 41b and opposing ends 42a, 42b, and the electrically conductive main branch 32 extends parallel with a rear surface of the PCB.
- the electrically conductive connector portion 33 extends transversely from a medial portion 45 of the electrically conductive main branch 32 and connects the main branch to a ground plane 46 on the back surface of the PCB 37. While the electrically conductive connector portion 33 is shown as a relatively short and straight connector bar in the illustrated example, the connector portion may take various shapes, such as a sawtooth shape, etc. Moreover, the electrically conductive connector portion 33 may be a mechanical connector such as a spring connector, etc.
- the electrically conductive main branch 32 is an electrically conductive bar in the illustrated example, although other shapes may be used in different embodiments.
- the electrically conductive main branch 32 may include curved or sawtooth meanders, loops, or other features used to affect the electrical length of the main branch, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
- the electrically conductive main branch 32 may have a width of about 5 to 7 mm, for example, although other widths may also be used depending upon the given implementation.
- the length of the electrically conductive main branch 32 is preferably about 1 ⁇ 4 to 1 ⁇ 2 of the operating wavelength of the antenna 35, for example, to provide desired beam steering for SAR reduction and HAC improvement, but here again other lengths may also be used. Moreover, positioning the electrically conductive connector portion 33 to contact the PCB 37 adjacent the antenna feed area 40 may also assist in this regard by providing greater influence over the direction of beam pattern of the antenna 35.
- FIGS. 7 through 9 each illustrate a measured two-dimensional beam pattern 70, 80, 90 for the antenna 35 without an associated director element 30, as well as beam patterns 71, 81, 91 for the antenna with two associated director elements 30, respectively.
- the two director elements 30 were positioned on the back side of the PCB 37 (i.e., similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 but with two spaced apart director elements instead of a single director element).
- the beam patterns 70, 71 correspond to an operating frequency of 1850 MHz
- the beam patterns 80, 81 correspond to an operating frequency of 1880 MHz
- the beam patterns 90, 91 correspond to an operating frequency of 1910 MHz.
- the electrically conductive main branch 32 is carried within the housing 24 on an inside sidewall thereof, as seen in FIG. 4.
- the electrically conductive main branch 32 could be implemented by metallizing the sidewall of the housing 24, for example.
- an air gap 47 is shown between the PCB 37 and the electrically conductive main branch 32, but in some embodiments this space may be filled with a solid dielectric, for example.
- the electrically conductive main branch 32 may also be partially or completely enclosed within the sidewall of the housing 24.
- the electrically conductive main branch 32' may be carried externally of the portable housing 24', i.e., on an outside surface thereof, as shown.
- a pair of director elements 30a', 30b' are included with respective electrically conductive main branches 32a', 32b' extending parallel to a respective side 41a', 41b' of the PCB 37 (FIG. 6).
- a method aspect is for improving hearing aid compatibility (HAC) of a mobile wireless communications device 20 for a user with an electronic hearing aid 22.
- the method may include positioning at least one director element 30 for directing a beam pattern of the antenna 35 to reduce interference with the electronic hearing aid 22.
- the at least one director element 30 may include an electrically conductive main branch 32 carried by the portable housing 24, and an electrically conductive connector portion 33 extending between the main branch and the PCB 37.
- the device 1000 illustratively includes a housing 1200, a keypad 1400 and an output device 1600.
- the output device shown is a display 1600, which is preferably a full graphic LCD. Other types of output devices may alternatively be utilized.
- a processing device 1800 is contained within the housing 1200 and is coupled between the keypad 1400 and the display 1600. The processing device 1800 controls the operation of the display 1600, as well as the overall operation of the mobile device 1000, in response to actuation of keys on the keypad 1400 by the user.
- the housing 1200 may be elongated vertically, or may take on other sizes and shapes (including clamshell housing structures).
- the keypad may include a mode selection key, or other hardware or software for switching between text entry and telephony entry.
- FIG. 10 In addition to the processing device 1800, other parts of the mobile device 1000 are shown schematically in FIG. 10. These include a communications subsystem 1001; a short-range communications subsystem 1020; the keypad 1400 and the display 1600, along with other input/output devices 1060, 1080, 1100 and 1120; as well as memory devices 1160, 1180 and various other device subsystems 1201.
- the mobile device 1000 is preferably a two-way RF communications device having voice and data communications capabilities.
- the mobile device 1000 preferably has the capability to communicate with other computer systems via the Internet.
- Operating system software executed by the processing device 1800 is preferably stored in a persistent store, such as the flash memory 1160, but may be stored in other types of memory devices, such as a read only memory (ROM) or similar storage element.
- system software, specific device applications, or parts thereof may be temporarily loaded into a volatile store, such as the random access memory (RAM) 1180. Communications signals received by the mobile device may also be stored in the RAM 1180.
- the processing device 1800 in addition to its operating system functions, enables execution of software applications 1300A-1300N on the device 1000.
- a predetermined set of applications that control basic device operations, such as data and voice communications 1300A and 1300B, may be installed on the device 1000 during manufacture.
- a personal information manager (PIM) application may be installed during manufacture.
- the PIM is preferably capable of organizing and managing data items, such as e-mail, calendar events, voice mails, appointments, and task items.
- the PIM application is also preferably capable of sending and receiving data items via a wireless network 1401.
- the PIM data items are seamlessly integrated, synchronized and updated via the wireless network 1401 with the device user's corresponding data items stored or associated with a host computer system.
- the communications subsystem 1001 includes a receiver 1500, a transmitter 1520, and one or more antennas 1540 and 1560.
- the communications subsystem 1001 also includes a processing module, such as a digital signal processor (DSP) 1580, and local oscillators (LOs) 1601.
- DSP digital signal processor
- LOs local oscillators
- a mobile device 1000 may include a communications subsystem 1001 designed to operate with the MobitexTM, Data TACTM or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) mobile data communications networks, and also designed to operate with any of a variety of voice communications networks, such as AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, PCS, GSM, etc. Other types of data and voice networks, both separate and integrated, may also be utilized with the mobile device 1000.
- GPRS General Packet Radio Service
- Network access requirements vary depending upon the type of communication system. For example, in the Mobitex and DataTAC networks, mobile devices are registered on the network using a unique personal identification number or PIN associated with each device. In GPRS networks, however, network access is associated with a subscriber or user of a device. A GPRS device therefore requires a subscriber identity module, commonly referred to as a SIM card, in order to operate on a GPRS network.
- SIM card subscriber identity module
- the mobile device 1000 may send and receive communications signals over the communication network 1401.
- Signals received from the communications network 1401 by the antenna 1540 are routed to the receiver 1500, which provides for signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection, etc., and may also provide analog to digital conversion. Analog-to-digital conversion of the received signal allows the DSP 1580 to perform more complex communications functions, such as demodulation and decoding.
- signals to be transmitted to the network 1401 are processed (e.g. modulated and encoded) by the DSP 1580 and are then provided to the transmitter 1520 for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission to the communication network 1401 (or networks) via the antenna 1560.
- the DSP 1580 provides for control of the receiver 1500 and the transmitter 1520. For example, gains applied to communications signals in the receiver 1500 and transmitter 1520 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in the DSP 1580.
- a received signal such as a text message or web page download
- the communications subsystem 1001 is input to the processing device 1800.
- the received signal is then further processed by the processing device 1800 for an output to the display 1600, or alternatively to some other auxiliary I/O device 1060.
- a device user may also compose data items, such as e-mail messages, using the keypad 1400 and/or some other auxiliary I/O device 1060, such as a touchpad, a rocker switch, a thumb-wheel, or some other type of input device.
- the composed data items may then be transmitted over the communications network 1401 via the communications subsystem 1001.
- a voice communications mode In a voice communications mode, overall operation of the device is substantially similar to the data communications mode, except that received signals are output to a speaker 1100, and signals for transmission are generated by a microphone 1120.
- Alternative voice or audio I/O subsystems such as a voice message recording subsystem, may also be implemented on the device 1000.
- the display 1600 may also be utilized in voice communications mode, for example to display the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information.
- the short-range communications subsystem enables communication between the mobile device 1000 and other proximate systems or devices, which need not necessarily be similar devices.
- the short-range communications subsystem may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components, or a BluetoothTM communications module to provide for communication with similarly-enabled systems and devices.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
- Support Of Aerials (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE602006009060T DE602006009060D1 (de) | 2006-01-13 | 2006-01-13 | Mobilfunk-Kommunikationsgerät mit elektrisch leitendem Richtelement und entsprechendes Verfahren |
AT06250180T ATE442682T1 (de) | 2006-01-13 | 2006-01-13 | Mobilfunk-kommunikationsgerät mit elektrisch leitendem richtelement und entsprechendes verfahren |
EP06250180A EP1808929B1 (fr) | 2006-01-13 | 2006-01-13 | Appareil de communication mobile sans fil avec un directeur électroconducteur et méthode correspondante |
CA002571338A CA2571338C (fr) | 2006-01-13 | 2007-01-12 | Dispositif de communications mobile sans fil comprenant un element directeur conducteur d'electricite et methodes connexes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06250180A EP1808929B1 (fr) | 2006-01-13 | 2006-01-13 | Appareil de communication mobile sans fil avec un directeur électroconducteur et méthode correspondante |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1808929A1 true EP1808929A1 (fr) | 2007-07-18 |
EP1808929B1 EP1808929B1 (fr) | 2009-09-09 |
Family
ID=36572441
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06250180A Active EP1808929B1 (fr) | 2006-01-13 | 2006-01-13 | Appareil de communication mobile sans fil avec un directeur électroconducteur et méthode correspondante |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1808929B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE442682T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2571338C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602006009060D1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7983724B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2011-07-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Mobile communication terminal |
EP2262201A4 (fr) * | 2008-03-31 | 2015-05-06 | Wen Li | Terminal de communication mobile |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1981119B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-10 | 2019-12-18 | BlackBerry Limited | Dispositif mobile de communication sans fil incluant une plaque connectée à la masse fournissant une réduction du taux d'absorption spécifique (SAT) et procédés correspondants |
US7554496B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 | 2009-06-30 | Research In Motion Limited | Mobile wireless communications device including a ground patch providing specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction and related methods |
TWI423522B (zh) * | 2010-02-01 | 2014-01-11 | Compal Communications Inc | 手持電子裝置 |
US10743116B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Small loop antenna with shorting conductors for hearing assistance devices |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1271688A1 (fr) * | 2001-06-13 | 2003-01-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Module radio et appareil de communication radio avec le module radio |
US20030151557A1 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2003-08-14 | Johnson Gregory F. | Device and method of use for reducing hearing aid rf interference |
EP1353401A1 (fr) | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-15 | Filtronic LK Oy | Antenne à directivité variable |
US20040046694A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2004-03-11 | Tantivy Communications, Inc. | Mobile communication handset with adaptive antenna array |
DE10248756A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-18 | Siemens Ag | Funkkommunikationsgerät mit reduziertem SAR-Wert |
WO2005004277A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-01-13 | Sk Telecom Co., Ltd. | Procede et appareil de diminution d'une exposition sar dans un dispositif de combine de communication |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE20114640U1 (de) * | 2001-09-05 | 2001-12-06 | Hahn, Andreas, 07629 Hermsdorf | Tragbares Gerät mit Hochfrequenz-Sendeantenne, insbesondere Mobiltelefon |
-
2006
- 2006-01-13 DE DE602006009060T patent/DE602006009060D1/de active Active
- 2006-01-13 AT AT06250180T patent/ATE442682T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-13 EP EP06250180A patent/EP1808929B1/fr active Active
-
2007
- 2007-01-12 CA CA002571338A patent/CA2571338C/fr active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1271688A1 (fr) * | 2001-06-13 | 2003-01-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Module radio et appareil de communication radio avec le module radio |
US20030151557A1 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2003-08-14 | Johnson Gregory F. | Device and method of use for reducing hearing aid rf interference |
US20040046694A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2004-03-11 | Tantivy Communications, Inc. | Mobile communication handset with adaptive antenna array |
EP1353401A1 (fr) | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-15 | Filtronic LK Oy | Antenne à directivité variable |
DE10248756A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-18 | Siemens Ag | Funkkommunikationsgerät mit reduziertem SAR-Wert |
WO2005004277A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-01-13 | Sk Telecom Co., Ltd. | Procede et appareil de diminution d'une exposition sar dans un dispositif de combine de communication |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7983724B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2011-07-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Mobile communication terminal |
EP2262201A4 (fr) * | 2008-03-31 | 2015-05-06 | Wen Li | Terminal de communication mobile |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1808929B1 (fr) | 2009-09-09 |
DE602006009060D1 (de) | 2009-10-22 |
ATE442682T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
CA2571338C (fr) | 2008-07-08 |
CA2571338A1 (fr) | 2007-03-20 |
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