EP1806277A1 - Electric propulsion for boats - Google Patents
Electric propulsion for boats Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1806277A1 EP1806277A1 EP06003966A EP06003966A EP1806277A1 EP 1806277 A1 EP1806277 A1 EP 1806277A1 EP 06003966 A EP06003966 A EP 06003966A EP 06003966 A EP06003966 A EP 06003966A EP 1806277 A1 EP1806277 A1 EP 1806277A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electric motor
- propeller
- blades
- boat drive
- inclination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
- B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
- B63H1/14—Propellers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
- B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
- B63H1/14—Propellers
- B63H1/26—Blades
Definitions
- the invention relates to a boat drive with an electric motor and a driven by the electric motor propeller with blades. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for optimizing a boat drive with an electric motor and a driven by the electric motor propeller with blades.
- the propeller has the greatest impact on the ride and maneuverability of any boat, from all components of a boat propulsion system. Basically, propellers that spin slowly through the water and have a high pitch and a large diameter have the greatest efficiency.
- marine engines are used in outboard motors for boats.
- the torque curve of internal combustion engines has low torque at low speeds, so that they are unfavorable for driving large slow-rotating propellers.
- the efficiencies of applicable for internal combustion engines propeller are therefore limited in low power classes to 20 to 30%.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to provide an optimized boat drive of the type mentioned, as well as to develop a method for optimizing such a boat drive.
- This object is achieved by a boat drive with an electric motor and a driven by the electric motor propeller with blades, with the pitch of the blades of the propeller changes in the radial direction.
- this object is achieved in that the slope, the number, the area, the cross-sectional profile, the axial inclination and / or the radial inclination of the blades are determined in dependence on the characteristics of the electric motor, in particular the torque characteristic of the electric motor.
- the characteristic of the electric motor is understood in particular to be the dependence of the power and / or the torque of the electric motor on the rotational speed.
- the propeller is custom-made taking into account these parameters for the electric motor.
- the type and size of the boat which is to be powered by the electric motor, and / or its application into account.
- slope refers to the way a propeller would travel without any slippage during one revolution.
- this idealized size can not be determined on a moving boat, as slip always occurs in practice. Therefore, you measure the pitch of a propeller using the angle of attack of its blades.
- the invention shows particular advantages in synchronous motors.
- the torque characteristic of the synchronous motor namely high torque at low speeds, currently supports the use of such propellers with radially varying pitch, which are referred to in the literature as "variable pitch propeller”.
- the pitch of the propeller is optimized, but also the surfaces of the propeller blades, their number and cross-sectional profile and their axial and radial inclination.
- propellers with three or five blades have proven to be particularly favorable.
- synchronous motors with an input power of eg 400 W can already turn propellers with a diameter of 30 cm.
- propeller diameters between 25 and 40 cm have proven themselves.
- the invention provides a highly efficient boat drive, which is optimized in terms of efficiency.
- a high-torque electric motor preferably a synchronous motor
- a matched to the torque curve and its power range propeller has significant advantages over the conventional boat drives.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Bootsantrieb mit einem Elektromotor und einem von dem Elektromotor angetriebenen Propeller mit Flügelblättern. Ferner bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zur Optimierung eines Bootsantriebs mit einem Elektromotor und einem von dem Elektromotor angetriebenen Propeller mit Flügelblättern.The invention relates to a boat drive with an electric motor and a driven by the electric motor propeller with blades. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for optimizing a boat drive with an electric motor and a driven by the electric motor propeller with blades.
Der Propeller hat von allen Komponenten eines Bootsantriebs den größten Einfluss auf das Fahrverhalten und die Manövrierfähigkeit eines Bootes. Grundsätzlich haben Propeller, die sich langsam durch das Wasser drehen und über eine hohe Steigung und einen großen Durchmesser verfügen, den größten Wirkungsgrad.The propeller has the greatest impact on the ride and maneuverability of any boat, from all components of a boat propulsion system. Basically, propellers that spin slowly through the water and have a high pitch and a large diameter have the greatest efficiency.
Häufig werden in Außenbordmotoren für Boote Verbrennungsmotoren eingesetzt. Die Drehmomentkennlinie von Verbrennungsmotoren weist bei geringen Drehzahlen nur ein geringes Drehmoment auf, so dass diese für den Antrieb von großen langsam drehenden Propellern ungünstig sind. Die Wirkungsgrade der für Verbrennungsmotoren einsetzbaren Propeller sind deshalb in niedrigen Leistungsklassen auf 20 bis 30% begrenzt.Often, marine engines are used in outboard motors for boats. The torque curve of internal combustion engines has low torque at low speeds, so that they are unfavorable for driving large slow-rotating propellers. The efficiencies of applicable for internal combustion engines propeller are therefore limited in low power classes to 20 to 30%.
Bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Elektro-Bootsantrieben wurde bisher die Propellerbauart den von Verbrennungsmotoren bekannten Propellern nachempfunden.In the electric boat drives known from the prior art, the propeller type has hitherto been modeled on the propellers known from internal combustion engines.
Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es daher, einen optimierten Bootsantrieb der eingangs genannten Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, sowie ein Verfahren zur Optimierung eines solchen Bootsantriebs zu entwickeln.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide an optimized boat drive of the type mentioned, as well as to develop a method for optimizing such a boat drive.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Bootsantrieb mit einem Elektromotor und einem von dem Elektromotor angetriebenen Propeller mit Flügelblättern gelöst, wobei sich die Steigung der Flügelblätter des Propellers in radialer Richtung ändert.This object is achieved by a boat drive with an electric motor and a driven by the electric motor propeller with blades, with the pitch of the blades of the propeller changes in the radial direction.
Verfahrensseitig wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Steigung, die Anzahl, die Fläche, das Querschnittsprofil, die axiale Neigung und/oder die radiale Neigung der Flügelblätter in Abhängigkeit von der Charakteristik des Elektromotors, insbesondere der Drehmomentkennlinie des Elektromotors, bestimmt werden.The method, this object is achieved in that the slope, the number, the area, the cross-sectional profile, the axial inclination and / or the radial inclination of the blades are determined in dependence on the characteristics of the electric motor, in particular the torque characteristic of the electric motor.
Unter Charakteristik des Elektromotors wird insbesondere die Abhängigkeit der Leistung und / oder des Drehmoments des Elektromotors von der Drehzahl verstanden. Erfindungsgemäß wird der Propeller unter Berücksichtigung dieser Parameter für den Elektromotor maßgeschneidert. Von Vorteil werden hierbei noch die Art und Größe des Bootes, welches mit dem Elektromotor angetrieben werden soll, und / oder dessen Einsatzzweck berücksichtigt.The characteristic of the electric motor is understood in particular to be the dependence of the power and / or the torque of the electric motor on the rotational speed. According to the invention, the propeller is custom-made taking into account these parameters for the electric motor. Of advantage here are still the type and size of the boat, which is to be powered by the electric motor, and / or its application into account.
Mit Hilfe der Erfindung vorausgehender numerischer Studien wurden unter Berücksichtigung neuester hydrodynamischer Kenntnisse verschiedene Propellertypen konstruiert und im Hinblick auf ihr Zusammenspiel mit einem diese antreibenden Elektromotor untersucht. Insbesondere wurde deren Wirkungsgrad gemessen und bei der Optimierung berücksichtigt.With the help of the invention of previous numerical studies, considering the latest hydrodynamic knowledge, different propeller types were constructed and investigated with regard to their interaction with an electric motor driving them. In particular, their efficiency was measured and taken into account in the optimization.
Diese Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass ein von einem Elektromotor angetriebener Propeller den besten Wirkungsgrad erzielt, wenn sich die Steigung der Flügelblätter in radialer Richtung ändert. Auf diese Weise kann der Propeller die im Wasser auftretenden unterschiedlichen radialen Anströmgeschwindigkeiten am effektivsten nutzen.These studies have shown that a propeller driven by an electric motor achieves the best efficiency when the pitch of the blades changes in the radial direction. In this way, the propeller can most effectively use the different radial flow velocities occurring in the water.
Mit dem Begriff "Steigung" bezeichnet man den Weg, den ein Propeller ohne jeden Schlupf bei einer Umdrehung zurücklegen würde. Diese idealisierte Größe lässt sich am fahrenden Boot allerdings nicht ermitteln, da in der Praxis immer Schlupf auftritt. Man misst daher die Steigung eines Propellers mit Hilfe des Anstellwinkels seiner Flügelblätter.The term "slope" refers to the way a propeller would travel without any slippage during one revolution. However, this idealized size can not be determined on a moving boat, as slip always occurs in practice. Therefore, you measure the pitch of a propeller using the angle of attack of its blades.
Die Erfindung zeigt insbesondere bei Synchronmotoren wesentliche Vorteile. Die Drehmomentcharakteristik des Synchronmotors, nämlich hohes Drehmoment bei niedrigen Drehzahlen, unterstützt gerade den Einsatz solcher Propeller mit sich in radialer Richtung ändernder Steigung, die in der Fachliteratur auch als "variable pitch propeller" bezeichnet werden.The invention shows particular advantages in synchronous motors. The torque characteristic of the synchronous motor, namely high torque at low speeds, currently supports the use of such propellers with radially varying pitch, which are referred to in the literature as "variable pitch propeller".
Vorzugsweise wird nicht nur die Steigung des Propellers optimiert, sondern auch die Flächen der Propellerblätter, deren Anzahl und Querschnittsprofil sowie deren axiale und radiale Neigung.Preferably, not only the pitch of the propeller is optimized, but also the surfaces of the propeller blades, their number and cross-sectional profile and their axial and radial inclination.
Hinsichtlich der Anzahl der Flügelblätter haben sich Propeller mit drei oder fünf Flügelblättern als besonders günstig erwiesen.With regard to the number of blades, propellers with three or five blades have proven to be particularly favorable.
Aufgrund ihres hohen Drehmoments können Synchronmotoren mit einer Eingangsleistung von beispielsweise 400 W bereits Propeller mit einem Durchmesser von 30 cm drehen. Für den Leistungsbereich bis 5 kW, das heißt der Synchronmotor besitzt eine Eingangsleistung bis 5 kW, haben sich Propellerdurchmesser zwischen 25 und 40 cm bewährt.Due to their high torque, synchronous motors with an input power of eg 400 W can already turn propellers with a diameter of 30 cm. For the power range up to 5 kW, which means that the synchronous motor has an input power of up to 5 kW, propeller diameters between 25 and 40 cm have proven themselves.
Die Erfindung stellt einen hocheffizienten Bootsantrieb zur Verfügung, der im Hinblick auf den Wirkungsgrad optimiert ist. Das Zusammenwirken eines drehmomentstarken Elektromotors, vorzugsweise eines Synchronmotors, mit einem an dessen Drehmomentkennlinie und dessen Leistungsbereich angepassten Propellers hat wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber den konventionellen Bootsantrieben.The invention provides a highly efficient boat drive, which is optimized in terms of efficiency. The interaction of a high-torque electric motor, preferably a synchronous motor, with a matched to the torque curve and its power range propeller has significant advantages over the conventional boat drives.
Insbesondere bei Bootsmotoren mit einer Eingangsleistung bis 10 kW, bevorzugt bei Bootsmotoren mit einer Eingangsleistung bis 5 kW, besonders bevorzugt bei Bootsmotoren mit einer Eingangsleistung bis 2,5 kW, bringt der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Propeller mit in radialer Richtung sich ändernder Steigung der Flügelblätter deutliche Vorteile. Bisher wurde eine Optimierung der Propellertechnik für Bootsantriebe in diesem Leistungsbereich, insbesondere für Elektro-Bootsantriebe, gescheut, da der große numerische Aufwand und die notwendigerweise individuelle Herstellung der so berechneten Propeller offensichtlich als unrentabel betrachtet wurden. Erst die der vorliegenden Erfindung vorausgehenden, aufwändigen Berechnungen und die nachfolgenden Tests mit den anhand der Berechnungsergebnisse entwickelten Propellern haben gezeigt, dass im Gegenteil die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Propeller bei Elektro-Bootsantrieben, insbesondere bei Bootsantrieben in den oben genannten Leistungsklassen, besonders vorteilhaft ist.Particularly in marine engines with an input power of up to 10 kW, preferably in marine engines with an input power of up to 5 kW, particularly preferred in marine engines with an input power of up to 2.5 kW, the use of propellers according to the invention with radially increasing pitch of the blades brings clear advantages , So far, an optimization of the propeller technology for boat drives in this power range, especially for electric boat propulsion, spared because the great numerical effort and the necessarily individual production of the thus calculated propellers were obviously considered unprofitable. Only the elaborate calculations preceding the present invention and the subsequent tests with the propellers developed on the basis of the calculation results have shown that on the contrary the use of the propellers according to the invention is particularly advantageous in electric boat drives, in particular in boat drives in the abovementioned performance classes.
Neben der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung des Propellers hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, alle strömungsmechanisch sensiblen Komponenten wie den Schaft und den Pylon zu optimieren. Der strömungsmechanische Widerstand des Motorschafts eines Außenbordmotors hängt stark von der Bauform ab. Vorzugsweise werden für den Schaft und den Pylon strömungsmechanisch optimierte Profile eingesetzt.In addition to the inventive design of the propeller, it has proven to be advantageous to optimize all fluid mechanical sensitive components such as the shaft and the pylon. The fluid mechanical resistance of the motor shaft of an outboard motor depends heavily on the design. Preferably fluidically optimized profiles are used for the shaft and the pylon.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006001008 | 2006-01-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1806277A1 true EP1806277A1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
Family
ID=36376182
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06003966A Withdrawn EP1806277A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 | 2006-02-27 | Electric propulsion for boats |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1806277A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE202006020388U1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2934348A1 (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1980-03-20 | Lehmann Raoul | Bladed rotor, propeller or thrust generator - has blade pitch decreasing from tip and width increasing hyperbolically half-way towards centre |
DE4226637A1 (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-02-17 | Schneekluth Herbert | Propeller structure for ship - has one or more blades comprising root and at least two ends |
US5352093A (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1994-10-04 | Hannon R Douglas | Weedless propeller |
US6231407B1 (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 2001-05-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ship propulsion with a gondola-like synchronous motor |
-
2006
- 2006-02-27 EP EP06003966A patent/EP1806277A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-27 DE DE202006020388U patent/DE202006020388U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2934348A1 (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1980-03-20 | Lehmann Raoul | Bladed rotor, propeller or thrust generator - has blade pitch decreasing from tip and width increasing hyperbolically half-way towards centre |
US5352093A (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1994-10-04 | Hannon R Douglas | Weedless propeller |
DE4226637A1 (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-02-17 | Schneekluth Herbert | Propeller structure for ship - has one or more blades comprising root and at least two ends |
US6231407B1 (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 2001-05-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ship propulsion with a gondola-like synchronous motor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE202006020388U1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
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