EP1798334B1 - Papermaking fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

The paper-making machine wire cloth has an upper fabric layer whose outer side (101,102) forms a paper side of the paper-making machine wire cloth. The upper fabric layer is formed by longitudinal threads and with the upper transverse thread (So,Su) interweaving with extended longitudinal thread. An upper web pattern is formed by the weaving of the longitudinal threads with the upper transverse threads recurring in upper rapport.

Description

The invention relates to a papermaking wire, in particular a forming fabric, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such a paper machine screen is for example from the document WO 99/616981 A1 known.

Forming fabrics are used in the forming section of a paper machine. During the forming process, a fiber suspension is applied from the headbox of the paper machine to a forming fabric or to two forming fabrics (Gap - Former). An object of the forming fabric here is to dewater the fiber suspension and form a fibrous web, as little as possible pulp fibers and fillers from the fiber suspension should be washed during the dewatering process.

The quality of the fibrous web formed is strongly influenced by the structure of the fibrous web-facing surface (paper side) of the forming fabric.

The forming fabrics known from the prior art in this case have a paper side generally formed by a plain weave. Such a plain weave, in particular for the production of graphic papers, is often prone to pronounced marks on the produced paper web.

It is the object of the present invention to propose a papermaking fabric in which the marking tendency is reduced in comparison with the paper machine fabrics known from the prior art.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

The known papermaking fabric, in particular forming fabric, has an upper fabric layer, the outside of which forms a paper side of the papermachine fabric, the upper fabric layer being formed by longitudinal yarns and interwoven with these transverse yarns extending transversely to the longitudinal yarns.

In this case, by weaving the longitudinal threads with the upper transverse threads, an upper weave pattern repeating in upper rapports is formed. By interweaving the longitudinal threads with the upper transverse threads a plurality in the transverse thread direction juxtaposed upper Längsfadenverläufe be formed with longitudinal thread elevations and Längsfadensenkungen, wherein the longitudinal thread paths each extend along the length of the upper rapport in the longitudinal direction.

A longitudinal thread lift is formed in this case by an upper transverse thread interweaving longitudinal thread on the outside of the upper fabric layer continuously crosses an upper transverse thread, as a longitudinal thread reduction is formed by a respective cross yarns interwoven longitudinal thread between the upper and lower fabric layer continuously crosses an upper transverse thread.

The papermaking fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the longitudinal thread elevations and longitudinal thread depressions of the upper weave pattern are arranged distributed irregularly in the upper repeat.

By providing an irregularly shaped paper-side weave structure, for example, a pronounced diagonal structure is interrupted, which has often led to a high marking tendency in the screens known from the prior art. The reduced marking tendency is particularly noticeable in graphic papers in an improved printability noticeable.

Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

There are various possibilities conceivable how an irregular structure of the upper weave pattern can be formed.

A first embodiment of the invention provides that the irregular structure of the upper weave pattern is formed by at least two upper Längsfadenverläufe are formed in the upper rapport, that the one of the two Längsfadenverläufe not by displacement of all its longitudinal thread elevations and Längsfadensenkungen by an equal number of can produce upper transverse threads in the longitudinal direction of the thread from the other of the two longitudinal thread courses.

In order to obtain a nearly completely irregular paper side of the papermaking fabric according to the invention, another particularly preferred development of the invention provides that the upper weave pattern has an irregular structure in that none of the upper longitudinal thread courses in the upper repeat by offset all its longitudinal thread elevations and longitudinal thread decreases by the same Number of upper transverse threads in the longitudinal direction of the thread can be generated from another upper longitudinal thread course of the repeat. Such bonds are called creping bonds.

In order to obtain a large variation in the design of the irregular upper weave structure, the upper repeat should comprise at least 5 longitudinal thread courses.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the irregular structure of the upper weave pattern can also be provided by the fact that the upper weave structure comprises a number of mutually different longitudinal thread runs, wherein the number of mutually different longitudinal thread runs is less than the number of longitudinal thread runs forming the upper repeat.

In this embodiment, the mutually different longitudinal thread paths are arranged in a non-repetitive order over the entire upper repeat. The resulting longitudinal thread repeat can then be very large, for example, 12 longitudinal thread courses include, wherein the number of mutually different longitudinal thread paths, for example, is only four. This means that a very large binding can be woven with only a small number of shafts for the paper side. The order of the longitudinal thread courses can, for example, be as follows: $$1-2-3-1-4-1-2-3-4-2-3-1$$

Also, such a bond is referred to as Kreppbindung.

In this case, the upper fabric layer preferably comprises upper transverse threads or upper transverse threads and binding threads which have a diameter in the range of 0.03 to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.08 to 0.15 mm. As a result, a particularly fine and mark-free paper page can be created.

Preferably, the number of longitudinal thread bumps and longitudinal thread bumps in the upper repeat is substantially the same. As a result, the paper side is dominated neither by longitudinal thread elevations nor by longitudinal thread reductions, so that a result in the plane paper page with irregular structure and resulting, with even further reduced marking tendency is created.

• freie textile Entwicklung, Veränderung einer textilen Grundbindung, Ableitung einer textilen Grundbindung, Erweiterung einer textilen Grundbindung.

Binding technically, the irregular structure of the upper fabric layer can be formed alone or in combination by:

• Free textile development, alteration of a textile basic weave, derivation of a textile basic weave, extension of a textile basic weave.

There are a variety of ways conceivable as the paper machine according to the invention can be constructed. Thus, the papermaking screen can be formed by only one longitudinal thread layer and by only one transverse thread layer.

In order to increase the life of the papermaker's fabric according to the invention, it is provided that the papermachine fabric comprises a lower fabric layer whose outside forms the machine side of the papermachine fabric.

In this case, the paper machine wire according to the invention can, for example, comprise two longitudinal thread layers and one transverse thread layer or, conversely, two transverse thread layers and only one longitudinal thread layer. However, embodiments are also conceivable in which two or more longitudinal thread layers and / or two or more transverse thread layers are provided.

The machine side can, for example, but also be formed by a non-woven structure that provides a corresponding volume of wear. For example, a nonwoven layer or a film are conceivable.

In this case, but also in the provision of a woven structure, the upper fabric layer can be glued or fused with the layer forming the machine side, for example.

If the lower layer is formed as a fabric, the longitudinal threads of the papermaker's fabric according to the invention preferably comprise binding threads connecting the upper and lower fabric layers, i. the upper fabric layer comprises both only longitudinal threads interwoven with the upper transverse threads and binding threads interwoven with lower and upper transverse threads. Here, the binding threads are preferably an integral part of the weave structure of the upper fabric layer (integral binding threads), whereby a tendency to mark is reduced due to the binding of the binding threads.

The binding threads are preferably arranged in groups, wherein each group of binding threads forms an upper longitudinal thread course, in that the binding threads of the group are interwoven in sections in the longitudinal thread direction alternately with the upper transverse threads.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper fabric layer is formed exclusively by the binding threads arranged in groups and the upper transverse threads interwoven therewith.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the lower fabric layer is formed by longitudinal threads and with these interwoven lower transverse threads extending transversely to the longitudinal threads. Preferably, in this case, the longitudinal threads are at least partially formed as binding threads, so that the lower fabric layer comprises binding threads, which are interwoven with lower transverse threads.

A development of the invention provides that each lower transverse thread is held by a plurality of binding threads by each of these binding threads on the outside of the lower fabric layer continuously crosses the respective lower transverse thread, wherein some of the respective lower transverse thread holding binding threads by at least one of the respective lower Transverse thread non-retaining binding threads are spaced from each other by the non-retaining binding thread not on the outside of the lower fabric layer continuously crosses the respective lower transverse thread, and wherein a plurality of lower transverse threads are provided, in each case between successive, the respective lower transverse thread holding binding threads an equal Number of non-retaining binding threads is arranged.

The fact that in several of the lower transverse threads between successive, the lower transverse thread each holding binding threads are always arranged an equal number of non-retaining binding threads, it is achieved that each of these transverse threads between successive points where this is held by a binder thread, so-called. Binding sites of the upper tissue to the lower tissue, always the same Fleet lengths on the outside of the lower tissue, ie on the machine side, the paper machine screen has.

Due to the same float lengths of the transverse threads between the binding points, a uniformly distributed connection of the upper to the lower fabric layer is provided, for which reason a papermaking fabric is provided with a significantly improved planarity of the machine and paper side with respect to the prior art.

Due to the uniform distribution of the binding sites, the retaining force can be more evenly distributed, which is why a much stronger connection between the two fabric layers can be achieved, whereby their relative movement to each other can be reduced to a minimum, which leads to a minimization of internal wear of the paper machine wire according to the invention ,

In addition, the uniform distribution of the binding sites and the possible stronger attachment of the upper to the lower fabric layer leads to a reduced total thickness of the papermaking fabric according to the invention in comparison to the paper machine fabrics known from the prior art.

By the same Flottierungslängen the transverse threads between the binding points of a further uniformly distributed wear volume is created on the outside of the lower fabric (machine side) extending lower transverse threads, which thus protect the load-absorbing binding threads.

It is thus conceivable that, in a lower transverse thread, the number of non-retaining binding threads arranged between successive retaining binding threads is five, and for another lower transverse thread is seven.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention based thereon, it is provided that an equal number of binding threads not holding the transverse thread are arranged for each lower transverse thread between successive binding threads respectively holding the lower transverse thread. The fact that all the lower transverse threads always have the same float length per se and with respect to the other lower transverse threads, the uniformity of the binding points is further increased, so that the above-described positive effects are enhanced in this embodiment.

Preferably, the number of binding threads not holding the respective transverse thread is between two and twenty, preferably between six and ten. Tests have shown that with the same float lengths of between two and twenty binding threads not holding the respective lower transverse thread a good connection between upper and lower fabric layer can be provided, coupled with improved wear resistance, in particular for use in paper machines at speeds of 1500 m / min or more.

Another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the binding threads of each group intersect when switching from interweaving with the upper transverse threads for interweaving with the lower transverse threads and vice versa to form intersections, wherein the binding threads at least one group with the upper and lower Cross threads are interwoven that at least two successive crossing points are arranged on the length of the upper rapport in the longitudinal direction of the thread.

By providing at least two consecutively arranged crossing points per paper-side longitudinal thread repeat, a high bonding frequency is created between the paper-side and the running-side fabric, thereby providing a stable connection between the upper and lower fabric layers.

In order to provide a paper side with good fiber support on the one hand and on the other hand an open machine side to provide a good dewatering performance of the papermaking machine, according to a particularly advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the ratio of upper transverse threads to lower transverse threads is greater than 1, in particular 2: 1, 3 : 2 or 4: 3 is.

According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the upper fabric layer of the papermaking fabric comprises fourteen or more upper transverse threads. Furthermore, the lower fabric layer comprises seven or more lower transverse threads. In this case, the binding threads are preferably arranged in seven groups of two binding threads each.

In order to increase the flexibility in the configuration of the upper and lower fabric layers of the papermachine fabric according to the invention, the overall repeat is preferably formed by a multiplicity of longitudinal threads and / or upper and lower transverse threads. Specifically, the overall repeat of the papermaker's fabric may include, for example, 24 or more or 26 or more or 32 or more or 48 or more longitudinal threads and / or 24 or more or 26 or more or 32 or more or 48 or more top and bottom transverse threads.

According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the binding threads are warp threads and the transverse threads are weft threads. In this case, it is a chain-bound system. But it is also possible that the binding threads are weft threads and the transverse threads are warp threads. In the latter case, it is a shotgun system.

Figur 1

den Kettfadenverlauf einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Papiermaschinensiebs,

Figur 2

eine Darstellung der Papierseite des Papiermaschinensiebs der Figur 1 mit Ketthebungen und - senkungen,

Figur 3

eine Darstellung der Papier- und Maschinenseite des Papiermaschinensiebs der Figur 1,

Figur 4

weitere Ausführungsformen von unregelmäßig ausgebildeten Papierseiten.

The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment based on the following schematic not to scale drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

the warp thread of an embodiment of a papermaker's fabric according to the invention,

FIG. 2

a representation of the paper side of the papermaking fabric of FIG. 1 with chain elevations and countersinks,

FIG. 3

a representation of the paper and machine side of the papermaking fabric of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4

further embodiments of irregular paper pages.

The FIG. 1 1 shows an embodiment of a papermaking fabric 100 according to the invention in the form of a forming fabric in the longitudinal yarn direction, the longitudinal yarn direction corresponding to the warp yarn direction of the papermachine fabric 100.

The presentation of the FIG. 1a FIG. 12 shows an overall repeat of the weave structure of the papermaker's fabric 100.

The illustrated papermaking fabric 100 has upper transverse threads SO1 to S014 and lower transverse threads SU1 to SU7, which are each formed as weft threads.

Like from the FIG. 1a It can be seen that the ratio of upper transverse threads SO1 to SO14 to lower transverse threads SU1 to SU7 is 2: 1.

Further, the papermaking fabric 100 has binding yarns B1a to B7b formed as warp yarns, wherein the binding yarns are respectively arranged in groups of binder yarn pairs B1a and B1b, B2a and B2b ....

The binding threads are interwoven with both the upper transverse threads SO1 to SO14 and with the lower transverse threads SU1 to SU7.

By interweaving the binding threads B1a to B7b with the upper transverse threads SO1 to SO14 an upper fabric layer is formed, the weave pattern, in particular from the Figures 2 and 3 can be seen repeated in upper reports, wherein the upper repeat extends in the longitudinal thread direction over the upper transverse threads SO1 to SO14 and in the transverse thread direction over the binding threads B1a to B7b. In this case, the upper fabric layer has an outer side 101 which forms the paper side of the papermachine fabric 100.

By interweaving the binding threads B1a to B7b with the lower transverse threads SU1 to SU7, a lower fabric layer is formed whose weave pattern is repeated in lower repeats whereby the lower repeat in the longitudinal thread direction over the lower transverse threads SU1 to SU7 and in the transverse thread direction on the binding threads B1a to B7b extends. The lower fabric layer further includes an outer side 102 which forms the machine side of the papermaking fabric 100.

Accordingly, each binder thread B1a to B7b is interwoven in sections alternately with lower and upper transverse threads.

Since the binding threads B1a to B7b are interwoven with the lower and upper transverse threads, the upper fabric layer is connected to the lower fabric layer through this. In this case, each lower transverse thread is held in each case by a plurality of binding threads by each of these binding threads on the outer side 102 of the lower fabric layer continuously crosses the respective lower transverse thread, wherein all of the respective lower transverse thread holding binding threads are spaced from each other by six binding threads not holding the lower transverse thread, in that the lower transverse thread on the outside 102 of the lower fabric layer continuously crosses the non-retaining binding thread. Thus, according to the invention, an equal number of non-holding binding threads are always arranged in all lower transverse threads between successive binding threads each holding the lower transverse thread.

For example, the lower transverse thread SU2 is held in the overall repeat by the binding threads B1a and B4b, and between the retaining binding threads B1a and B4b the non-retaining binding threads B1b, B2a, B2b, B3a, B3b and B4a and further in the transverse thread direction of the repeat between the retaining binding threads B4b and B1a, the non-holding binding threads B5a, B5b, B6a, B6b, B7a and B7b are arranged.

Furthermore, for example, the lower transverse thread SU1 is held in the overall repeat by the binding threads B2a and B5b, the retaining threads B2b, B3a, B3b, B4a, B4b and B5a remaining between the holding binding threads B2a and B5b and further in the transverse thread direction of the repeat between the binding threads B2a and B5b holding binding threads B5b and B2a, the non-retaining binding threads B6a, B6b, B7a, B7b, B1 a and B1 b are arranged.

Thus, an equal number of non-holding binding threads are always arranged between successive retaining binding threads for each lower transverse thread.

Furthermore, the number of non-binding binding threads for all transverse threads is the same and in the present embodiment is the number six.

As already mentioned, by weaving the binding threads B1a to B7b with the upper transverse threads SO1 to S014, an upper weave pattern is formed, which repeats in upper rapports, the binding threads B1a to B7b being arranged in groups.

Like from the FIG. 1 can be seen, the binding threads of each group, for example, B1a and B1b, interweave in weaving with the upper transverse threads SO1 to S014 in the longitudinal direction, whereby each group of binding threads B1a and B1b, B2a and B2b, B3a and B3b, B4a and B4b, B5a and B5b, B6a and B6b, B7a and B7b, by interweaving with the upper transverse threads SO1 to S014, an upper longitudinal thread course V1 to V7 with binding thread elevations (black boxes in FIG FIG. 2 ) and binding decreases (white boxes in FIG. 2 ).

Thus, a binder thread interweaves the group with the upper transverse threads when the other binder thread interweaves the group with lower transverse threads and vice versa. Furthermore, the binding threads of each group intersect at the intersection of interweaving with lower transverse threads for interweaving with upper transverse threads at intersections, such as those from the FIG. 1b becomes apparent, in which the two binding threads B1a and B1b intersect at the intersections K1 and K2.

In this case, the binding threads of each group are interwoven with the upper transverse threads SO1 to S014 and with the lower transverse threads SU1 to SU7 such that two intersection points are arranged along the length of the upper repeat.

Thus, for example, the binder thread pair B1a and B1b forms by interweaving with the upper transverse threads SO1 to S014 the upper longitudinal thread course V1, which repeats along the length of the upper repeat in the longitudinal thread direction.

In this case, a binding thread lift is formed by the binding thread, eg B1a, which interweaves each upper transverse thread continuously crosses an upper transverse thread, eg S07, of a group on the outer side 101 of the upper fabric layer. A binding thread depression is formed here, in that the binding thread which interweaves in each case the upper transverse threads, for example B1a, continuously crosses an upper transverse thread, for example SO8, of a group between the upper and lower fabric layers.

The FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the paper side forming outside 101 of the upper fabric layer. As in particular from the FIG. 2 can be seen, the upper repeat is formed by the upper longitudinal thread courses V1 to V7 along the upper transverse threads SO1 to S014.

The paper side 101 has an irregular structure, in that none of the upper longitudinal yarn courses V1 to V7 in the upper repeat by displacing all of its longitudinal thread bumps (black boxes) and longitudinal thread bumps (white boxes) by an equal number of upper transverse threads in the longitudinal thread direction from another upper longitudinal thread course V1 to V7 of the repeat. Thus, for example, the longitudinal thread course V1 can not be generated by shifting one of the other longitudinal thread courses V2 to V7 by a number of transverse threads.

The FIG. 3 shows a representation of the paper and machine side of the papermaker's fabric 100 according to the invention.

Black boxes at crossing points of binding yarns (B) with upper transverse threads (SO) represent paper-side binder thread humps, as white boxes at crossing points of binding yarns (B) with upper transverse threads (SO) represent paper-side binder thread decreases.

Further, white boxes at intersections of binding yarns (B) with lower transverse threads (SO) present places where the respective lower transverse thread on the outside of the lower fabric layer, i. Machine side, runs as boxes with a vertical bar represent crossing points at which the respective binder thread (B) on the outside of the lower fabric layer, i. Machine side, running, i. a lower transverse thread is held by the binding thread.

The FIG. 4a shows a schematic plan view of the paper side of another embodiment of a papermaker's fabric according to the invention. As in particular from the FIG. 4a it can be seen, the upper repeat is formed by the upper longitudinal thread courses V1 to V6 along the upper transverse threads SO1 to SO6.

The paper side has an irregular structure, in that at least two upper longitudinal thread courses are formed in the upper repeat such that one of the two longitudinal thread courses does not produce an equal number of upper transverse threads in the longitudinal thread direction from the other of the two longitudinal thread courses by offsetting all of its longitudinal thread elevations and longitudinal thread depressions leaves.

Thus, for example, the longitudinal thread course V2 can not be generated by shifting a number of transverse threads from the longitudinal thread courses V3, since the longitudinal thread course V2 comprises three longitudinal thread bumps and three longitudinal thread bumps, whereas the longitudinal thread course V3 has four longitudinal thread bumps and only two longitudinal thread bumps.

Also in the FIG. 4b shown paper-side weave pattern is formed irregularly in the sense of the invention, since, for example, the longitudinal yarn path V1 can not be generated by shifting by a number of transverse threads from the longitudinal yarn path V2. Thus, the longitudinal thread path V1 has three longitudinal thread elevations, two of which are arranged directly next to one another, whereas the longitudinal thread path V2 has three longitudinal thread elevations, which are spaced from each other by a longitudinal thread depression.

Claims (22)

1. Papermaking fabric (100), in particular a forming fabric, having an upper woven layer, the outer side (101) of which forms a paper side of the papermaking fabric (100),

   - the upper woven layer being formed by longitudinal threads (B1a-B7b) and upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) woven with the latter and extending transversely with respect to the longitudinal threads (B1a-B7b),

   - the weaving of the longitudinal threads (B1a-B7b) with the upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) forming an upper weaving pattern repeating in upper repeats,

   - the weaving of the longitudinal threads (B1a-B7b) with the upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) forming a plurality of upper longitudinal thread courses arranged beside one another in the transverse thread direction and having raised longitudinal threads and dropped longitudinal threads, the longitudinal thread courses respectively extending over the length of the upper repeat in the longitudinal thread direction,

   - a raised longitudinal thread being formed by a longitudinal thread (B1a-B7b) weaving with respectively upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) and, running on the outer side (101) of the upper woven layer, crossing an upper transverse thread (SO1-SO14), and

   - a dropped longitudinal thread being formed by a longitudinal thread (B1a-B7b) weaving with respectively upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) and, running between the upper and lower woven layer, crossing an upper transverse thread (SO1-SO14),
   characterized in that
   the raised longitudinal threads and dropped longitudinal threads of the upper weaving pattern are arranged distributed irregularly in the upper repeat.
2. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the upper weaving pattern has an irregular structure in that, in the upper repeat, at least two upper longitudinal thread courses (V1-V7) are formed in such a way that one of the two longitudinal thread courses (V1-V7) cannot be produced from the other of the two longitudinal thread courses (V1-V7) by offsetting all its raised longitudinal threads and dropped longitudinal threads by an identical number of upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) in the longitudinal thread direction.
3. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that
   the upper weaving pattern has an irregular structure in that none of the upper longitudinal thread courses (V1-V7) in the upper repeat can be produced from another upper longitudinal thread course (V1-V7) of the repeat by offsetting all its raised longitudinal threads and dropped longitudinal threads by an identical number of upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) in the longitudinal thread direction.
4. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the upper weaving pattern has an irregular structure in that this comprises a number of mutually different longitudinal thread courses (V1-V7), the number of mutually different longitudinal thread courses (V1-V7) being lower than the number of longitudinal thread courses (V1-V7) forming the upper repeat.
5. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that
   the number of raised longitudinal threads and dropped longitudinal threads in the upper repeat is substantially the same.
6. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the irregular structure of the upper weaving pattern is formed, on its own or in combination, by:

   free textile development, changing a base textile weave, deriving from a base textile weave, expanding a base textile weave.
7. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that
   the papermaking fabric (100) comprises a lower woven layer, the outer side (102) of which forms the machine side of the papermaking fabric (100).
8. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 7,
   characterized in that
   the longitudinal threads comprise binding threads (B1a-B7b) which connect the upper and lower woven layer to each other.
9. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 8,
   characterized in that
   the binding threads (B1a-B7b) are arranged in groups, each group of binding threads (B1a-B7b) forming an upper longitudinal thread course (V1-V7) by the binding threads (B1a-B7b) of the group being woven with the upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) alternately, section by section, in the longitudinal thread direction.
10. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the lower woven layer is formed by the longitudinal threads (B1a-B7b) and lower transverse threads woven with the latter and extending transversely with respect to the longitudinal threads (B1a-B7b).
11. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 10,
    characterized in that
    the lower woven layer comprises binding threads (B1a-B7b) which are woven with lower transverse threads (SU1-SU7).
12. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 11,
    characterized in that
    each lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7) is held by a plurality of binding threads (B1a-B7b) in each case, by each of these binding threads (B1a-B7b), running on the outer side (102) of the lower woven layer, crossing the respective lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7), some of the binding threads (B1a-B7b) holding a respective lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7) being spaced apart from one another by at least one binding thread (B1a-B7b) not holding the respective lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7), by the non-holding binding thread (B1a-B7b), not running on the outer side (102) of the lower woven layer, crossing the respective lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7), and a plurality of lower transverse threads (SU1-SU7) being provided, in which, in each case between successive binding threads (B1a-B7b) holding the respective lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7), there is arranged an identical number of non-holding binding threads (B1a-B7b).
13. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 12,
    characterized in that
    for each lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7) between successive binding threads (B1a-B7b) respectively holding the lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7) there is always arranged an identical number of binding threads (B1a-B7b) not holding the lower transverse thread (SU1-SU7).
14. Papermaking fabric (100) according to Claim 12 or 13,
    characterized in that
    the number of binding threads (B1a-B7b) not holding the respective transverse thread (SU1-SU7) is between two and twenty, preferably between six and ten.
15. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 8 to 14,
    characterized in that
    the binding threads (B1a-B7b) of each group, as they change from weaving with the upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) to weaving with the lower transverse threads (SU1-SU7) and vice versa, cross, forming crossing points (K1, K2), the binding threads (B1a-B7b) of at least one group being woven with the upper and lower transverse threads (SU1-SU7) in such a way that, over the length of the upper repeat in the longitudinal thread direction, there are arranged at least two successive crossing points (K1, K2).
16. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 10 to 15,
    characterized in that
    the ratio of upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14) to lower transverse threads (SU1-SU7) is greater than 1, in particular 2:1, 3:2 or 4:3.
17. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 16,
    characterized in that
    the repeat of the upper woven layer comprises 14 or more upper transverse threads (SO1-SO14).
18. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 10 to 17,
    characterized in that
    the repeat of the lower woven layer comprises seven or more lower transverse threads (SU1-SU7).
19. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 8 to 18,
    characterized in that
    the binding threads (B1a-B7b) are arranged in seven groups of two binding threads each.
20. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 19,
    characterized in that
    the overall repeat of the papermaking fabric (100) comprises 24 or more or 26 or more or 32 or more or 48 or more longitudinal threads (B1a-B7b) and/or upper and lower transverse threads (SO1-SO14, SU1-SU7).
21. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 20,
    characterized in that
    the binding threads (B1a-B7b) are warp threads and the transverse threads (SO1-SO14, SU1-SU7) are weft threads.
22. Papermaking fabric (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 20,
    characterized in that
    the binding threads (B1a-B7b) are weft threads and the transverse threads (SO1-SO14, SU1-SU7) are warp threads.

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