EP1795459B1 - Élément de support et système l'utilisant pour manipuler les emballages de grande dimension sans palettes contenant des plaques de laine de roche de faible densité, et emballages de grande dimension et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci - Google Patents

Élément de support et système l'utilisant pour manipuler les emballages de grande dimension sans palettes contenant des plaques de laine de roche de faible densité, et emballages de grande dimension et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1795459B1
EP1795459B1 EP06125142A EP06125142A EP1795459B1 EP 1795459 B1 EP1795459 B1 EP 1795459B1 EP 06125142 A EP06125142 A EP 06125142A EP 06125142 A EP06125142 A EP 06125142A EP 1795459 B1 EP1795459 B1 EP 1795459B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
packets
module
package
support elements
size
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP06125142A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1795459A1 (fr
Inventor
Mikael Airas
Johanna Fagerlund
Aaro Haakana
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Paroc Hold Oy AB
Original Assignee
Paroc Oy AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=35510717&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1795459(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Paroc Oy AB filed Critical Paroc Oy AB
Priority to PL06125142T priority Critical patent/PL1795459T3/pl
Publication of EP1795459A1 publication Critical patent/EP1795459A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1795459B1 publication Critical patent/EP1795459B1/fr
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/0088—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/02—Arrangements of flexible binders
    • B65D71/04—Arrangements of flexible binders with protecting or supporting elements arranged between binder and articles or materials, e.g. for preventing chafing of binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/06—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers
    • B65D71/063—Wrappers formed by one or more films or the like, e.g. nets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/07—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles
    • B65D85/08—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/12—Slings comprising chains, wires, ropes, or bands; Nets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/12—Slings comprising chains, wires, ropes, or bands; Nets
    • B66C1/16—Slings with load-engaging platforms or frameworks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a package module according to claim 1.
  • the present invention relates also to a method for manufacturing movable palletless large-size packages according to claim 11.
  • This invention concerns also a movable large-size package according to claim 7.
  • Modules are in turn packed in 3-5 tiers thereof on top of each other and a wooden pallet is set underneath to enable handling of the large-size package. Finally, the module and the pallet are protected by a stretch film which holds the entire pallet-package together.
  • Palletless package solutions regarding insulation slabs are available from before, but those are primarily intended for moving the packages by means of a forklift to a maximum height allowed by the forklift. In addition, these concern mainly high-density (density > approx. 50 kg/m 3 ) mineral wool or rolls.
  • the use of palletless packages is desirable for eliminating the use of a wooden pallet, which occupies unnecessary space in transportation and which at the site becomes waste wood that must be disposed of.
  • large-size packages with wooden pallets may damage other materials at the workplace and hamper material logistics at the construction site.
  • the palletless package must be strong enough to withstand handling performed by carrying (e.g. a forklift) or suspension (e.g. a crane).
  • an object of this invention to provide a support element, a system, a method, and a large-size package for handling one or more palletless large-size packages consisting of soft, i.e. low density mineral wool slabs, effected by way of carrying and/or suspending, such that the foregoing drawbacks are obviated.
  • An object of this invention is particularly to provide a large-size package not including a wooden pallet and even more particularly a large-size package, the modules of which can be manipulated individually as smaller units.
  • the support element of the invention is characterized by that it is a support element, which is made of a strong material, and which due to the flexibility of the low density mineral wool slabs contained in the packets is disposable between the packets inside the wrapper whereby a lifting hole for handling elements is established between the packets.
  • the support element according to the invention is preferably made of mineral wool or cardboard. It is preferred that the support element according to the invention has a length which is substantially equal to that of the packets.
  • the support element according to the invention may lie between the packets at the intermediate level, at the top edge or bottom edge of a module. Most preferably, the support element lies at the bottom edge of a module.
  • the support element may be of any shape, but one preferred form is a trough-like shape. Regardless of the shape, the most important aspect is that the shape enables the support element to be pushed in between packets without damaging them.
  • the trough-shaped support element may preferably consist of a plate and two trough-shaped members mounted on its two opposite edges, each of which is coupled with the plate from the external side of the trough-shaped member's bottom.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized by that that it comprises at least two support elements, which are made of a strong material, and which due to the flexibility of the low density mineral wool slabs contained in the packets are disposable between the packets of at least one module inside the wrapper, whereby the support element disposed between the packets in question establishes a lifting hole, as well as lifting and handling elements extensible through the lifting holes.
  • the method according to the invention is in turn characterized in that at least two support elements made of a strong material are disposed between the packets in at least one module of the large-size package inside the wrapper, which support elements enabled by the flexibility of the low density mineral wool slabs contained in the packets are pushed into place between the packets, the support elements thereby establishing lifting holes between the packets for handling elements.
  • the support elements can be set between the packets of a module at the top edge, mid-level or bottom edge of the module. It is especially preferred that the support elements be placed at the bottom edge of the module. It is preferred that at least the lowermost module be provided with support elements. If it is desirable that each tier or module can be lifted or handled separately, each module must be provided with support elements.
  • the movable large-size package according to the invention is characterized in that at least one module of the large-size package has inside the wrapper between the packets at least two support elements made of a strong material, which support elements due to the flexibility of the low density mineral wool slabs contained in the packets have been displaceable between the packets, thus establishing lifting holes for handling elements.
  • the support elements are preferably set between the packets of the module at the top edge, mid-level or bottom edge of the module. Preferably, the support elements are located at the bottom edge of a module. It is favourable that the support elements be provided at least in the lowermost module. If it is desirable to make each tier i.e. module of a large-size package capable of being individually lifted or handled, each module must have support elements included therein.
  • a wooden pallet is no longer needed in a large-size package, the handling being effected e.g. by extending the prongs of a forklift into the lifting holes of the lowermost module or by passing the lifting straps of a crane through the lifting holes of the lowermost module.
  • the batch to be handled can be decided by the operator, provided that each module includes lifting holes needed for handling. Hence, this makes it possible to handle both individual modules and piles of several modules as desired.
  • the modules enable the construction of large-size multiproduct packages, implying that a single large-size package may include a number of products, for example slabs of unequal thickness but otherwise of equal size. This is necessary for example at major construction sites, wherein a single structural section, for example, requires insulation with a thickness of 150 mm and 50 mm. Now these can be obtained from one large-size package, thus increasing the speed of insulation work. This is not possible with the currently available system, because the modules cannot be handled individually.
  • one and the same large-size package may also include products unequal in other than thickness dimensions, such that the modules of a particular large-size package can be of various heights.
  • Still another advantage gained by the invention is that, at the site, the final displacement of modules can be performed by carrying with the aid of pipes or boards or other such means. This type of means can be pushed through the lifting holes, which makes it possible to carry an entire module. This has not been possible before, as the prior art only provides a capability of carrying unattached packets. Carrying a module without lifting holes is an extremely difficult, if not nearly impossible undertaking.
  • the applicant has discovered that the flexibility feature of low density insulation products can be utilized.
  • the very feature that used to constitute a problem has been unexpectedly overturned in the solution of the invention into an advantage, because the solutions according to the invention would not be possible without the flexibility feature.
  • large-size packages constructed from low density products have been available a long time, about 15-20 years, nobody has until now thought of exploiting this way the flexibility of low density insulation products even though the problem has been there the whole time. Neither has anyone invented a system that enables mechanical handling of a module.
  • a prior art module 1 included in a large-size package 9 and engaged in a plastic wrapper 3 and comprising four soft packets 2 side by side. Due to its softness, such a module 1 is extremely difficult, if not indeed impossible to handle. In addition, the packets 2 become soiled and the plastic broken when rolling the modules 1 on the ground.
  • a module 1 according to the invention which consists of four packets 2 of soft slabs engaged together with a plastic wrapper 3, and which module 1, at its bottom edge between the packets 2, is provided with two support elements 5 establishing a lifting hole 4 between two adjacent packets 2 and the plastic wrapper 3.
  • one support element 5 is accommodated between the ultimate and penultimate packets 2 as seen from the right and the other support element 5 respectively as seen from the left.
  • the support elements 5 and the lifting holes 4 created thereby can be in any shape or form, but in this solution the support elements 5 take the shape of a furrow-like trough (the trough has a cross-section in the shape of a rather wide-open V, possibly with a slightly rounded bottom tip), whereby the lifting holes 4 resulting between the same and the plastic wrapper are substantially triangular in cross-section.
  • Fig. 2 presents a perspective view of the support element 5 shown in fig. 1b .
  • the support element 5 can be manufactured from any durable material, such as for example cardboard or hard mineral wool, preferably hard stone wool.
  • the support element 5 in the shape of a furrow-like trough, which has a rounded corner, is made of hard cardboard.
  • the presently discussed support element 5 is placed in an ordinary module 1, consisting of nothing else but packets 2 engaged in a plastic wrapper 3, by pushing the support element 5 in between the packets 2.
  • the support element 5 can be placed between the packets 2 at the top edge or bottom edge of the module 1 or at half-way between the top or bottom edges.
  • the support elements 5 have been inserted between the packets 2 and the plastic wrapper 3 at the bottom edge of the module 1.
  • Fig. 3 presents a second embodiment for a support element 5 according to the invention, in which the support element 5 consists of a furrow-like trough 5 as shown in fig. 2 , having an extension member 15 coupled therewith.
  • This extension member consists of two plates 6, each having deflected wings 7 and 8 at two opposite ends.
  • One of the plates 6 is secured to the outside of one of the trough's 5 wings and the other to the outside of the trough's 5 other wing in such a way that both plates converge and abut each other at the corner of the trough's furrow and extend at a right angle relative to the tangent of the corner of the trough's furrow across a certain distance until diverging from each other again at the point of deflection at a moderately obtuse angle after a certain distance from the trough 5. Both lines of deflection are parallel.
  • the extension member 15 included therein establish an entity, which is sized in its dimensions so that it has a height substantially equal to that of the packets 2 between which it is destined to be placed. Placed between the packets 2, it supports and keeps the packets very effectively in place.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a large-size package 9, which consists of four modules 1 on top of each other, each of said modules comprising four packets 2.
  • Each module 1 is provided with two support elements 5.
  • Fig. 5 presents one way of lifting a palletless large-size package 9 according to the invention.
  • the palletless large-size package 9 consists of two modules 1, each of said modules comprising four packets 2.
  • Lifting straps 12 can be threaded either into the lifting holes 4 of the bottom module 1 or through the lifting holes 4 of the top module 1, depending on whether it is desirable to lift the entire large-size package 9 at one time or only its top module 1, and then the straps can be secured to a crane hook 13.
  • the large-size package 9 can be stored on top of a wooden pallet 10, such that the large-size package 9 is supported on the wooden pallet's 10 boards 11 by the support elements 5 of the large-size package's bottom module 1 with enough space left between the boards 11 and the support elements 5 for threading the lifting straps 12 therethrough.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates how a single module 1 can be lifted by the effort of just two people and carried at the site for example by means of pipes or boards 15. This can only be managed with soft packets by having a module 1 provided with hard support elements 5, which establish lifting holes 4 for these lifting boards or pipes 15.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Stacking Of Articles And Auxiliary Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Module d'emballage (1) consistant en au moins deux paquets adjacents (2) contenant chacun des plaques de laine de roche de faible densité enveloppées dans une enveloppe de plastique cohésive (3) et au moins deux éléments de support de forme appropriée (5) qui sont faits d'un matériau solide et qui sont disposés entre les paquets (2) du module (1) à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (3) de manière à ce que, du fait de la souplesse de la laine de roche de faible densité, les plaques contenues dans les paquets (2) et les éléments de support (5) disposés entre les paquets en question établissent des trous de levage (4) s'étendant entre les paquets (2) pour recevoir des éléments de levage et de manutention (12, 15).
  2. Module d'emballage (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les éléments de support (5) sont en laine de roche ou en carton.
  3. Module d'emballage (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les éléments de support (5) ont une longueur qui est sensiblement égale à celle des paquets (2).
  4. Module d'emballage (1) selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel les éléments de support (5) sont placés entre les paquets (2) au bord supérieur ou au bord inférieur du module (1) ou sensiblement à mi-distance entre le bord supérieur et le bord inférieur, de préférence au bord inférieur du module (1).
  5. Module d'emballage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel les éléments de support (5) ont une configuration qui est sensiblement en forme de cuvette.
  6. Module d'emballage (1) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les éléments de support (5) consistent en une plaque (6) et deux éléments en forme de cuvettes (5) montés sur leurs deux bords opposés et dont chacun est couplé respectivement à la plaque (6) par sa face extérieure du fond.
  7. Emballage de grande taille mobile sans palette (9), comprenant au moins un module d'emballage (1), ledit au moins un module d'emballage étant un module d'emballage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
  8. Emballage de grande taille mobile sans palette (9) selon la revendication 7, dans lequel les éléments de manutention et de levage (12, 15) comportent des erses de levage (12), des branches de chariot élévateur et/ou des moyens de portage tenus à la main (15).
  9. Emballage de grande taille (9) selon les revendications 7 ou 8, celui-ci étant mobile à la fois par suspension et par portage.
  10. Emballage de grande taille selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, celui-ci étant un emballage multiproduits de grande taille (9) contenant des paquets (2) contenant des produits de dimensions diverses.
  11. Procédé de fabrication d'emballages de grande taille mobiles sans palette (9) contenant des plaques de laine de roche de faible densité, chaque emballage de grande taille comprenant au moins un module d'emballage (1), ledit au moins un module d'emballage contenant au moins deux paquets adjacents (2) contenant chacun des plaques de laine de roche de faible densité enveloppées dans une enveloppe en plastique cohésive (3), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux éléments de support (5) faits de matériau solide sont disposés entre les paquets (2) dans chaque module (2) de l'emballage de grande dimension (9) à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (3), lesquels éléments de support, grâce à la souplesse des plaques de laine de roche de faible densité contenues dans les paquets (2), sont poussés en place entre les paquets (2), les éléments de support (5) établissant ainsi des trous de levage (4) s'étendant entre les paquets (2) pour recevoir des éléments de manutention (12, 15).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de support (5) sont disposés dans le module (1) entre les paquets (2) au bord supérieur ou au bord inférieur du module ou sensiblement à mi-chemin entre le bord supérieur et le bord inférieur, de préférence au bord inférieur du module (1).
EP06125142A 2005-12-02 2006-11-30 Élément de support et système l'utilisant pour manipuler les emballages de grande dimension sans palettes contenant des plaques de laine de roche de faible densité, et emballages de grande dimension et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci Revoked EP1795459B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06125142T PL1795459T3 (pl) 2005-12-02 2006-11-30 Element wspornika, system wykorzystujący element wspornika do przemieszczania bezpaletowych wielkogabarytowych opakowań zawierających płyty wełny mineralnej o niskiej gęstości, jak również wielkogabarytowe opakowanie i sposób jego wytwarzania

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20055639A FI20055639L (fi) 2005-12-02 2005-12-02 Tukielin ja sitä käyttävä järjestelmä lavattomien kevyitä mineraalivillalevyjä sisältävien suurpakkausten siirtämiseen, sekä suurpakkaus ja sen valmistusmenetelmä

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1795459A1 EP1795459A1 (fr) 2007-06-13
EP1795459B1 true EP1795459B1 (fr) 2010-06-02

Family

ID=35510717

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06125142A Revoked EP1795459B1 (fr) 2005-12-02 2006-11-30 Élément de support et système l'utilisant pour manipuler les emballages de grande dimension sans palettes contenant des plaques de laine de roche de faible densité, et emballages de grande dimension et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1795459B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE469841T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602006014641D1 (fr)
FI (1) FI20055639L (fr)
PL (1) PL1795459T3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4535587A (en) * 1979-07-09 1985-08-20 Isover Saint-Gobain Multi-roll package of compressible materials
FI70868C (fi) * 1985-02-25 1986-10-27 Lassila & Tikanoja Oy Lyft- och ombindningsband av oegleform foer lyftande av tvao huvudsakligen lika stora och lika tunga exempelvis av balar saeckar eller roer bestaoende lass
DE29608864U1 (de) * 1996-05-17 1996-08-22 Rockwool Mineralwolle Transporteinheit, bestehend aus einer Anzahl Mineralwolleplatten
NO312949B1 (no) * 2000-11-10 2002-07-22 Norsk Hydro As Fremgangsmåte og anordning for å tildanne og löfte en pakke av gods samt en apparatur for å tildanne slik pakke
DE10062038C1 (de) * 2000-12-13 2002-05-08 Pfleiderer Daemmstofftechnik Verpackungseinheit für ein in Rollen geformtes Mineralwolleprodukt

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20055639L (fi) 2007-06-03
ATE469841T1 (de) 2010-06-15
FI20055639A0 (fi) 2005-12-02
DE602006014641D1 (de) 2010-07-15
EP1795459A1 (fr) 2007-06-13
PL1795459T3 (pl) 2010-11-30

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