EP1783694B1 - Electronic lock comprising an automatic actuation system which uses a capacitive proximity sensor - Google Patents

Electronic lock comprising an automatic actuation system which uses a capacitive proximity sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1783694B1
EP1783694B1 EP04742069A EP04742069A EP1783694B1 EP 1783694 B1 EP1783694 B1 EP 1783694B1 EP 04742069 A EP04742069 A EP 04742069A EP 04742069 A EP04742069 A EP 04742069A EP 1783694 B1 EP1783694 B1 EP 1783694B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
proximity
lock
charge
detection
plaque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP04742069A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1783694A1 (en
Inventor
José Angel PEREZ LOPEZ
Aitor María AGUEDA QUESADA
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Onity SL
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Onity SL
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Publication of EP1783694A1 publication Critical patent/EP1783694A1/en
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Publication of EP1783694B1 publication Critical patent/EP1783694B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks

Definitions

  • the new electronic proximity lock referred to by this invention is orientated to electronic lock applications in which the lock is an electronic stand-alone device, meaning that it is fed by batteries and not connected to an electrical supply, or is a device in which low energy consumption is required and the key with which this lock is operated is a non contact proximity key, that can be a card, a key fob, or in general any object that incorporates technologies for the exchange of information between electronic devices without any physical contact between them.
  • the lock itself must also incorporate the necessary electronics so that this information exchange without contact can occur and a low consumption activation system of this communication electronics to reduce the elevated energy consumption that would be required to maintain the lock constantly in communication.
  • the solution referred to by this invention can be integrated into any other electronically controlled device that, like the electronic lock, is stand-alone electronically or that without being so searches for a minimum energy consumption and is operated by proximity of a non contact proximity key, such as safety boxes, encoders, wall card readers, etc.
  • a non contact proximity key such as safety boxes, encoders, wall card readers, etc.
  • These devices are usually intended to equip, for example, rooms in hotels, cruises, government buildings, military buildings, universities and in general any premises used by a wide variety of users with timely access rights.
  • This new electronic proximity lock work concept is based on the application of exchange technologies of important volumes of information without contact between one electronic component, such as a lock, a key or card that have storage or information exchange elements such as the cards with proximity chips.
  • These technologies allow an exchange of information between these two elements by the mere proximity between said elements, for example by means of radio frequency, and therefore does not require the insertion of the card in a slot nor specially precise positioning of it on a determined reader, the only necessary and sufficient condition is the proximity and the distance to which this type of communication can be made depends, among other facts, on the transmitting power of the electronic device that interacts with the proximity cards.
  • Some commercial solutions are based on substituting the presence detection for the automatic activation for an activation, programming the communication system in function of the expected frequency of use of the lock in such a manner that, for example, if a user has recently opened a door, the time between a communication system switch on and the next is more extensive than after various hours of lock inactivity in which the arrival of a possible user is expected.
  • patent JP2001055852 It is an electronic proximity lock equipped with an automatic activation system that has an oscillation circuit with a determined frequency and resonant circuit that causes a resonance to a harmonic of a determined higher number of times than the oscillation frequency.
  • an automatic activation system that has an oscillation circuit with a determined frequency and resonant circuit that causes a resonance to a harmonic of a determined higher number of times than the oscillation frequency.
  • patent US6362632 proposes a system to measure the environmental capacitance variation when there is proximity of an object.
  • the invention consists in using a circuit with two switches whose purpose is to charge a reference condenser with a known capacitance and stable in time, by means of consecutive charges and discharges of a plaque that at the same time acts as a sensor.
  • the first switch allows the sensor to connect to a determined voltage and the second switch connects the plaque to the reference condenser.
  • the senor Stemming from an initial situation in which the both the sensor as well as the condenser are discharged or with a known charge, if the first switch is short circuited, the sensor will adopt a charge in proportion to the voltage and to the capacitance at that precise moment. If after doing this the first switch opens and the second switch closes, the charge required by the sensor will be transferred to the reference condenser, generating a voltage that will be a function of its already known capacitance and the transferred charge, giving this an idea of the capacitance of the sensor from which the charge was transferred from.
  • This type of detection systems have not been applied to date to an electronic lock combined with a communications system.
  • automatic activation system and non contact communications system for cards are always joined as two integral parts of an automatic activation and communications module.
  • principals of a mechanical or optical automatic activation combined with a proximity communications system has been incorporated to other stand-alone requirements similar to those of an electronic lock, as can be the case for a safety box in a hotel room operated by a proximity card.
  • the present invention provides an electronic lock as claimed in claim 1.
  • the present invention refers to a new electronic proximity lock and to the automatic activation and proximity communications module that characterizes it. It deals with a lock operated by the proximity with a key element, hereinafter a card, in which the exchange of information between the lock and the card is performed without the necessity of any contact between them and without the necessity of the card being inserted in any slot in the lock or positioned in any manner on the card reader.
  • a key element hereinafter a card
  • the technical problem which we intend to overcome with the present invention is related with the current communication technological limitations that allow this type of communications without contact between the lock and card, such as for example the radiofrequency proximity card reader systems.
  • These communication technologies require an important energy consumption of the reader device so that it creates around itself a field which excites the electronics incorporated in the proximity card and it can transmit the corresponding signal and that way perform the information exchange between card and device.
  • Another solution is to program communication system activations, which reduces the total consumption but the features that are given to the lock user will depend on how closely fitted the activation pattern of the communication system is to the usage needs of the lock, with which if special features are required the communication system must be activated frequently, increasing the consumption of energy, and if the reduction of consumption is wanted a user must wait for the activation of the communication system to open the lock. Therefore, the only solution for this limitation is to incorporate in the lock a low consumption proximity detection system for the automatic activation of the communication system, so that the lock can detect the proximity of a body or object at all times but maintaining residual electric consumption and can activate the communications system, with an elevated energy consumption, only when it is potentially necessary.
  • FIG. 1 shows the theoretical circuit on which the charging pump is based. Its operation is based on the alternative conmutation between two switches (1) and (2).
  • switch (1) When switch (1) is short circuited and switch (2) is kept open, a conducting plaque (3) connects which acts as a predefined voltage sensor (VCC). This plaque (3) creates together with the proximity environment and grounds a fictitious capacitance (CX) condenser (4).
  • VCC voltage sensor
  • This capacitance (CX) is variable and depends on the conditions of the environment next the plaque (3) and therefore, the proximity of an object or body to the plaque would produce a variation in (CX) in respect to the situation in which there is no proximity of a body or object to the plaque (3).
  • the reference condenser (5) will have a total charge that will be the sum of all the partial charges transferred from the plaques (3) in the (N1) charge cycles, and generates tension (V1) among its terminals that will be in function to the total charge that has been transferred from the plaque (3).
  • tension (V1) When comparing the tension (V1) with a known reference tension (VREF) an environmental capacitance measure will be obtained during the execution of the cycle.
  • Figure 2 shows another construction of the theoretical circuit with the same elements as in figure 1 but with a provision nearer to that required by the present invention.
  • switch (2) between the reference condenser (5) and ground we achieve situation said reference condenser (5) between the switches (1) and (2), facilitating the incorporation of a manoeuvre system for the switches as for example a microcontroller (6) as is shown in figure 3 .
  • the incorporation of this microcontroller (6) supplies a simple solution, of great flexibility and with great control capabilities for the execution of the charging pump cycles previously described.
  • the microcontroller (6) allows the switch operations to be performed at a very high speed, very superior to the normal approximation time of a user with the lock card, in such a manner that the user does not perceive and delay in the operation of the lock when the complete process is processed.
  • FIG. 4 shows the final construction of the low consumption automatic activation system by means of detection of the variations in environmental capacitance of the present invention. It includes two protection diodes (7) and (8) and three resistance (9), (10) and (11) for the adjustment of the currents and tensions n the circuit.
  • FIG. 5 shows a summary of the method used by the present invention for the detection of proximity using a modified principal of the charging pump previously described. As commented, said method consists in an algorithm executed by a microcontroller (6) on the modified charging pump circuit shown in figure 4 . In this process two sub processes intervene denominated as:
  • Charge cycle which is the manoeuvre in which the charge is produced in the plaque (3) and its posterior discharge, transferring the charge acquired to the reference condenser (5).
  • the amount of the charge transferred in each charge cycle will depend on the environmental capacitance of the plaque (3).
  • the method starts with the positioning of the automatic activation system in an initial position (B1) as a system restart mode and the system calibration (B2) that is produced for example in the first installation of the lock.
  • the calibration of the system is not only produced during the restart but also in the (B7) and (B9) phases of the process, in which the complete system is recalibrated.
  • value is given to the comparison variables of the measured signal and the reference tensions that the system uses, and both the fictitious condenser (4) as well as the reference condenser (5) are discharged to an initial status that could constitute for example in both condensers being completely discharged.
  • the comparison variables and the reference tensions that give value to these calibrations are:
  • VCC Tension
  • Trigger threshold (N2) or the number of charge cycles necessary for the reference condenser (5) to generate in its terminals tension which is higher or equal to the tension threshold (V2), with the condition that there is no proximity to the plaque (3) by any body or object which is not a part of the lock.
  • Tension threshold (V2) or the tension generated in the terminals of the reference condenser (5) after performing a number of charge cycles coinciding with the trigger threshold (N2), with the condition that there is no proximity to the plaque (3) by any body or object which is not a part of the lock.
  • Counter value (CONT1) that in the calibration and after each complete charge process is positioned to zero, and is the variable that counts the number of charge cycles performed in each complete charge process, in such a manner that each time that a charge cycle is performed the value of the counter (CONT1) increases by one unit.
  • Sensitivity S
  • N2 the trigger threshold
  • CONT1 the counter value
  • N3 Number of activation cycles (N3), or the number of consecutive times that the counter value (CONT1) must vary in respect to the trigger threshold (N2), and its difference must surpass the sensitivity (S), so that this unequivocally means the proximity of a body or object.
  • Counter value (CONT2) that in the calibration is positioned to zero, and is the variable that counts the number of consecutive complete charge processes in which the value of the counter (CONT1) has varied in respect to the trigger threshold (N2) and its difference has surpasses the sensitivity (S).
  • the system executes a first measurement (B3) of the environmental capacitance by means of charge cycles.
  • the fictitious condenser (4) initially proceeds to be discharged as well as the reference condenser (5) and to position the counter value (CONT1) to zero. After this charge it proceeds to the performance of the consecutive charge cycles.
  • the plaque (3) is charged connecting it to a fixed tension (VCC) while the reference condenser (5) is connected.
  • the microcontroller (6) opens the plaque (3) conmutation feed and closes a discharge circuit to charge the reference condenser (5) with the recently acquired charge for the plaque (3).
  • This charge is stored in the reference condenser (5) which disconnects from the plaque (3). With this a tension increase is provoked among the terminals in the reference condenser (5) proportionate to the capacitance if the fictitious condenser (4) made up by the plaque (3) and its environment close to earth, which is dependent of the environmental conditions and the proximity or not of a body or objects.
  • the previous counter value (CONT1) is increased by one unit and the tension between the terminals in the reference condenser (5) is measured to see if it equals or surpasses the tension threshold (V2). If the tension in the terminals of the reference condenser (5) does not surpass the tension threshold (V2) the charge cycle is repeated until the tension in the terminals of the reference condenser (5) equals or surpasses the tension threshold (V2).
  • the proximity of a body to the plaque (3) creates an increase in the capacitation of the fictitious condenser (4) but the existence of determined materials has been confirmed, some of them used as support for the proximity chips that create a decrease in the environmental capacitance with their proximity to the plaque (3).
  • the incorporation of the microcontroller (6) in the present invention allows the modification of the method applied in function of the effect expected by the proximity of the proximity support chip without more than varying the algorithm used.
  • This difference of algorithm consists basically in that, in the comparisons of measures performed of the current counter value (CONT1) in respect to the trigger threshold (N2), the value which means possible proximity of a body or object is higher or lower than the trigger threshold (N2).
  • the current counter value (CONT1) and the trigger threshold (N2) after each complete charge process in case that the current counter value (CONT1) is higher to the trigger threshold (N2) the capacitation of the fictitious condenser (4) is less than its capacitation without presence of a body or object, therefore there is no proximity of any body or object to the plaque (3) and the communications system (B6) must not activate.
  • the values of the comparison variables described in the restart (B1) and calibration (B2) process must be recalibrated (B7) in function to the new situation given by the last complete variation measurement of the environmental capacitation.
  • the moment in which the new measurement process of the environmental capacitation (B11) variation is initiated is determined and the automatic activation system (B12) is deactivated, that after the pre-programmed time period reactivates (B13).
  • the communication circuit is checked to see if it is activated or not (B14). In case it continues to be activated, the automatic activation system considers that the last communication process has not finalized and returns to program the next activation (B11). In case the communications circuit is not activated the process restarts from the environmental capacitance measure (B3).
  • the moment in which the new measurement process of the environmental capacitation (B11) variation is initiated is determined and the automatic activation system (B12) is deactivated, that after the pre-programmed time period reactivates (B13).
  • the communication circuit is checked to see if it is activated or not (B14). In case it continues to be activated, the automatic activation system considers that the last communication process has not finalized and returns to program the next activation (B11). In case the communications circuit is not activated the process restarts from the environmental capacitance measure (B3).
  • CONT2 the number of activation cycles (N3), with which the increase in capacitance detected is unequivocally due to the proximity of a body or object to the plaque (3).
  • N3 the number of activation cycles
  • the first calibration (B9) of the values of the comparison variables described in the restart (B1) and calibration (B2) process to the new situation given by the last complete variation measurement of the environmental capacitation, that will correspond to the values with the proximity of a body or object.
  • These values in case the proximity is of a user that moves away from the lock after its normal operation will readjust to similar values to the initial ones in later variation of the environmental capacitance measurement process.
  • the moment in which the new measurement process of the environmental capacitation (B11) variation is initiated is determined and the automatic activation system (B12) is deactivated, that after the pre-programmed time period reactivates (B13).
  • the communication circuit is checked to see if it is activated or not (B14). In case it continues to be activated, the automatic activation system considers that the last communication process has not finalized and returns to program the next activation (B11). In case the communications circuit is not activated the process restarts from the environmental capacitance measure (B3).
  • both the recently activated communication system is transmitting a signal, without being disturbed by the field that could be created by the automatic activation system plaque (30) since it is inactive, in search of a card or key object that incorporates the communication technology compatible with the communications system integrated in the automatic activation and communications module of the lock of the present invention. If in the proximity of the lock there does not exist said card or key object, after a set time the communication system will return to inactive until the automatic activation system detects a new proximity.
  • the communication system will exchange information with this element and in case of corresponding with the key object that corresponds with the lock, the communication circuit will transmit a signal to the lock's control circuit, which will correspond by performing and operation corresponding to the nature of the information exchanged, for example by opening the lock.
  • the present invention includes a solution to one of the basic problems that affect the combination of an automatic activation system based in capacitive principals and a communication system without contact such as radio frequency.
  • This problem is the distortion of the communications electromagnetic field that can produce by the presence of a conductive plaque (3) whose mission is to serve as a sensor to detect the capacitance variations.
  • this plaque (3) must have sufficient conductive surface to be able to create with the environment a fictitious condenser (4).
  • a series of internal parasite currents will be generated in it that will generate a second electromagnetic field that oppose the electromagnetic field that generates it, distorting it.
  • the first by means of the work method previously described, in which at no time is the parallel functioning of the automatic activation system and the communication system permitted in such a manner that the plaque (3) does not receive charge from the tension (VCC) is the communication system is in operation.
  • the second by means of the incorporating of a plaque(3) whose surface is divided into thing conductive nerves, close to a millimetre of width, electronically interconnected between themselves by means of a common nerve conductor also thin so that as a set they make up a metallic surface sufficient for the plaque (3) to have the adequate features for its use as a captive sensor and at the same time offers a great resistance to the generating of internal closed circuits that promote the generation of internal parasite currents when submitting the plaque (3) to the electromagnetic field generated by the communications antennae (12). In this manner the parasite currents generated are minimized and also their negative effect in the communication field, making it effective even in case the plaque (3) is located in front of the antennae (12) as shown in figure 6 . This circumstance is very dramatic in those low power devices feed by conventional batteries, which is precisely the field in which the present invention falls.
  • the main advantage is that, in the case of the mechanical systems a first contact is always required to activate the communication circuit and the present invention does not require contact at any time. Furthermore, the existence of mobile parts for the mechanical activation is an origin of possible faults or sabotage, for example inserting strange elements into the unavoidable slots of the mechanical system, that with the present invention are saved by the non need for contact.
  • the automatic activation and communications and the proximity lock of the present invention incorporate a programming function of the moments in which the proximity capacitive detection system performs the measurement of the environmental capacity, makes it possible to incorporate to its algorithm the same functions as the solution with programmed activation of the communication system, but with the difference that what is activated is the low consumption automatic activation system and not the increased energy consumption communication system.
  • these solutions we have not dealt with the problematic generated by the introduction of a conductive plaque (3) as a sensor in the same device as the antennae that is required by the communication system and in the present invention more than solves this problem.
  • Figure 6 shows the exterior aspect and the general elements contained in a preferential performance of the electronic proximity lock of the present innovation.
  • the metallic carcass of the electronic proximity lock (14) the handle on the proximity lock (15) and a non metallic element (13), for example in plastic, that covers the plaque (3) that acts as a sensor element.
  • This non metallic (13) cover allows the communication field created by the lock communications system is not screened by the metallic carcass (14) of the proximity lock.
  • the first highlighted item is the conductive plaque (3) by proximity sensor by variation of the environmental capacitance and the antenna of the communications system (12).
  • Plaque (3) and antenna (12) are physically found assembled on a single support plaque (16) or PCB, one on each face of said support plaque (16), and with the plaque (3) situated on its most external face. Due to the special surface of the plaque (3) in parallel nerves approximately one millimetre wide with a transversal nerve that electronically connects them, the communications field created by the antenna (12) when the communications system is active is not distorted when passing through the plaque (3) and the whole group can adopt its maximum compactness reducing the space necessary in the lock and therefore reducing its total size.
  • This group of plaque (3), antenna (12) and common support plaque (16) are fixed to a second plaque (17) that houses at the same time, the microcontroller (6) necessary for the automatic activation, the additional electronics necessary for the automatic activation circuit and the necessary electronics for the communication system.
  • FIG 7 a transversal cut is shown of the top part of the electronic proximity lock that houses the proximity detection plaque (3) and the antenna of the communications system (12).
  • these effective detection (21) and communication (23) areas are concentrated around the area in which the electronic proximity lock does not have external metallic carcass (14), but a non metallic covering (13), for example plastic.
  • said carcass produces a screening effect on the detection and communication fields therefore the user must approach the area covered by plastic (13) with the card..
  • indication signs are recorded of this mode of interacting with the lock.
  • the screening of the communication field by the metallic carcass (14) produces a desirable effect in the back part of the lock.
  • This back part usually corresponds with the interior part of the room closed by the electronic lock. Id this screening did not exist on the back part, there would also exist an effective communication area in the interior of the room, with the subsequent risk of the lock opening without intending to.
  • the effective communication area is larger than the proximity detection effective area. This is done like this so that, in the possibility that the user lightly moves the card (22) on the proximity of the lock and he communications field is able to interact with the card even if the movement is of lightly leaving after the proximity detection.
  • the card (22) can be read in any position it is in within the effective communication areas (23), even though a parallel approach between the surface of the card (22) and the surface of the non metallic carcass (13) of the approach with the largest guarantee of function of the lock.
  • figure 8 is shown with a transversal cut on the top part of the electronic proximity lock that houses the proximity detection plaque (3) and the antenna of the communications system (12).
  • angle ( ⁇ ) for the positioning of the plaque (3) and the antenna (12) located in the same support plaque (16) in respect to the vertical
  • angle ( ⁇ ) which is the probable angle of approach of the proximity card in respect to the vertical.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
EP04742069A 2004-07-21 2004-07-21 Electronic lock comprising an automatic actuation system which uses a capacitive proximity sensor Not-in-force EP1783694B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2004/000341 WO2006021592A1 (es) 2004-07-21 2004-07-21 Cerradura electrónica con sistema de autodespierte mediante sensor de proximidad capacitivo

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1783694A1 EP1783694A1 (en) 2007-05-09
EP1783694B1 true EP1783694B1 (en) 2011-02-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04742069A Not-in-force EP1783694B1 (en) 2004-07-21 2004-07-21 Electronic lock comprising an automatic actuation system which uses a capacitive proximity sensor

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EP (1) EP1783694B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE498876T1 (es)
DE (1) DE602004031469D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2360857T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2006021592A1 (es)

Cited By (1)

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US10657747B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2020-05-19 Liberty Plugins, Inc. Access control system and method for use by an access device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101064755B (zh) 2006-04-30 2011-04-27 联想(北京)有限公司 实现呼叫转移的方法及电话终端
AT503301B1 (de) 2006-05-04 2007-09-15 Evva Werke Vorrichtung zur zutrittskontrolle
DE102010040434B4 (de) * 2010-09-08 2020-01-30 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Kapazitive Bedieneinrichtung für ein Haushaltsgerät, Haushaltsgerät und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer kapazitiven Bedieneinrichtung in einem Haushaltsgerät
DE102011018430B4 (de) * 2011-04-21 2019-03-21 Wenglor Sensoric Gmbh Induktiver Näherungsschalter
WO2014016695A2 (en) 2012-07-27 2014-01-30 Assa Abloy Ab Presence-based credential updating
WO2014016705A2 (en) 2012-07-27 2014-01-30 Assa Abloy Ab Setback controls based on out-of-room presence information
CN107680224A (zh) * 2017-10-12 2018-02-09 深圳市沃特沃德股份有限公司 门锁控制方法和装置

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US5682032A (en) * 1996-02-22 1997-10-28 Philipp; Harald Capacitively coupled identity verification and escort memory apparatus
US6535136B1 (en) * 1998-02-26 2003-03-18 Best Lock Corporation Proximity card detection system
US6362632B1 (en) * 2000-05-24 2002-03-26 Becs Technology, Inc. Balanced charge pump capacitive material sensor
US7126453B2 (en) * 2001-02-21 2006-10-24 Kiekert Ag Keyless system for actuating a motor-vehicle door latch

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10657747B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2020-05-19 Liberty Plugins, Inc. Access control system and method for use by an access device
US11217053B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2022-01-04 Urban Intel, Inc. Access control system and method for use by an access device

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Publication number Publication date
ATE498876T1 (de) 2011-03-15
EP1783694A1 (en) 2007-05-09
DE602004031469D1 (de) 2011-03-31
WO2006021592A1 (es) 2006-03-02
ES2360857T3 (es) 2011-06-09

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