EP1781719A1

EP1781719A1 - Use of amphiphilic copolymers as solubilising agents

Info

Publication number: EP1781719A1
Application number: EP05783769A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marianna Pierobon; Nathalie Bouillo; Ronald Frans Maria Lange; Kathrin Meyer; Karl Kolter
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 2004-08-18
Filing date: 2005-08-03
Publication date: 2007-05-09
Also published as: JP2008510043A; CA2577431A1; US20080153925A1; DE102004040104A1; WO2006018135A1; CN101080426A

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of copolymers, obtained by polymerisation of a) at least one compound of formula (I) (monomer A) where R1 and R2 independently = H, or CH3, R3 = C6-C10 aryl or C7-C12 aralkyl, with possibly one or more same or different C1-C9 alkyl and/or C1-C5 alkoxy substituents and n = a whole number from 0 to 100, b) at least one compound selected from the group of N-vinylamides, N-vinyllactams, N-vinylimines and N-vinylamines with 2 to 15 carbon atoms (monomer B), c) optionally one or more different difunctional curing components d) optionally, one or more different regulators and e) optionally, one or more further copolymerising components (monomer C), as solubilising agents.

Description

Use of amphiphilic copolymers as solubilizers

description

The present invention relates to the use of copolymers obtainable by polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters with N-vinylamides, N-vinyllactams, N-vinylamines or N-vinylimines, as solubilizers.

In the preparation of homogeneous pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations, the solubilization of hydrophobic substances has acquired a very great practical importance.

Solubilization is understood to mean a solubility improvement by surface-active compounds which are capable of converting poorly water-soluble or water-insoluble substances into clear, at most opalescent aqueous solutions, without the chemical structure of these substances undergoing any change.

The solubilizates prepared are characterized in that the poorly water-soluble or water-insoluble substance is present dissolved in the molecular associates of the surface-active compounds which form in aqueous solution. The resulting solutions are stable single-phase systems that appear optically clear to opalescent and can be prepared without energy input.

For example, solubilizers can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations as well as food preparations by making the formulations transparent. In addition, in the case of pharmaceutical preparations, the bioavailability and thus the effect of drugs can be increased by the use of solubilizers.

The solubilizers used for pharmaceutical drugs and cosmetic active ingredients are mainly the following products:

ethoxylated (hydrogenated) castor oil, (for example, Cremophor ^® brands from BASF.);

^• ethoxylated sorbitan (eg Tween ^® brands, ICI.);

ethoxylated hydroxystearic (eg Solutol ^® brands, Fa. BASF).

However, the solubilizers described above, used so far, show a number of application disadvantages. Thus, the known solubilizers spielsweise for some sparingly soluble drugs such as clotrimazole, or active or Dyes only a small solubilizing effect. In addition, the solubilizers mentioned are not suitable for use in solid solutions.

Statistical, amphiphilic copolymers have also been used as solubilizers. Thus, EP-A 0 876 819 relates to the use of copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and alkylacrylic acids as solubilizers.

EP-A 0 953 347 relates to the use of polyalkylene oxide-containing graft polymers as solubilizers.

From EP-A 0 943 340 the use of polymerized fatty acid derivatives and fatty alcohol derivatives as solubilizers is known.

EP-A 0 948 957 describes the use of copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids as solubilizers.

Microporous ultrafiltration membranes are known from US Pat. No. 5,942,120, which consist of a hydrophobic polymer and a water-insoluble addition copolymer, the copolymer being made of special alkylphenoxy-polyalkylene glycol acrylates on the one hand and a compound selected from the group of vinylsulfonic acids, acrylamides , N-substituted acrylamides, acrylonitriles, lower alkyl (meth) acrylates, N-vinyl-pyrrolidone or mixtures thereof.

JP-A 09 241 335 relates to a crosslinked polymer which is obtained by polymerization of at least one N-vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl lactams, N-vinyll amides, N-vinyl oxazolidones, N-vinyl Vinylcarbamaten and N-vinylimides on the one hand and special oxyalkylenierten (meth) acrylic esters on the other hand and their use for the production of flame retardant materials.

It was now the object to provide solubilizers for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food-technical applications, which do not have the abovementioned Nachtei¬ le.

The object has been achieved by the use of copolymers obtainable by polymerization of

a) at least one compound of the formula (I) (monomer A)

in which

R1 and R2 are each independently H or CH _3,

₅ alkoxy substituents may inertial C ₁₂ aralkyl, the one or more identical or different -C ₉ -alkyl and / or C _r C, and - R 3 is C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl or C ₇

n is an integer from 0 to 100,

b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of N-vinylamides, N-vinyllactams, N-vinylimines and N-vinylamines having 2 to 15 carbon atoms (monomer B),

c) optionally one or more different difunctional Vernetzerkom¬ components and

d) optionally one or more different regulators and

e) optionally one or more further copolymerisable components (monomer C)

as solubilizers.

The copolymers to be used according to the invention are obtainable by polymerization of at least one copolymerizable monomer of the formula (I) (monomer A)

with at least one other copolymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of the N-vinyl amides, the N-vinyl lactams, the N-vinylimines and the N-vinyl amines having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms (monomer B).

In this case, in formula (I), the radicals R 1 and R 2 may each independently of one another have the meanings H and / or methyl. They are thus derivatives of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid. The radical R 3 is a C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl radical, for example phenyl or naphthyl, or a C ₇ -C ₁₂ -aralkyl radical, for example benzyl, phenylethyl or phenylpropyl. The radicals mentioned for R 3 may carry one or more, usually 1 to 3, identical or different C ₁ -C ₉ -alkyl and / or C ₁ -C ₅ -alkoxy substituents which are straight-chain or branched, or open-chain, cyclic or alicyclic. Examples of suitable C 1 -C 6 -alkyl substituents are: methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 1-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 1-heptyl, 1-octyl, 1-nonyl. As ^^ - alkoxy substituents may be mentioned by way of example: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 2-propoxy, 1-butoxy, 2-butoxy, 1, 1-dimethoxyethoxy, 1-pentoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy. Preferred radicals R3 are, for example: phenyl, para-tolyl, benzyl, para-hydroxybenzyl, para-hydroxyphenyl, para-methoxyphenyl, para-methoxybenzyl or cyclohexyl.

The subscript n in formula (I) denotes an integer from 0 to 100, preferably from 1 to 100, particularly preferably from 1 to 25 and in particular from 1 to 10. If n is a number greater than 1, the radicals R 2 can be the each repetition units have the same meaning or independently, optionally randomly distributed, each represents H or CH ₃ . Are in this case preferably from about 50% to about 100% of the radicals R2 are H and about 0 to about 50% of the radicals R 2 is CH _3. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention take in the case that n is a number greater than 1, all radicals have the same meaning. Particularly preferred R2 then H.

The abovementioned copolymerizable monomers of the formula (I) are obtainable by methods known per se to those skilled in the art for the synthesis of esters, for example in Vollhardt, Peter; Organic Chemistry, pages 768-774, 1988, VCH, New York, or also described in EP-A 646567.

Copolymers which can be used according to the invention are obtained by polymerization of monomer mixtures which as a rule contain from about 0.1 to 99.9 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers used, of the at least one monomer A. Monomer mixtures about 1 to about 50 mol%, more preferably about 1 to about 30 mol% of the at least one monomer A. The monomers A can in pure form or in the form of mixtures of two or more different compounds as they Formula (I) are defined, are used.

For the preparation of the copolymer to be used according to the invention, at least one further copolymerizable monomer (monomer B) is used, which is selected from the substance groups of the N-vinylamides, the N-vinyllactams, the N-vinylimines and / or the N-vinyl amines. The selected monomers generally have 2 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms. As N-vinyl amides or N-vinyl lactams are exemplified those which are characterized by the following formula (II):

in the

R4, R5 independently of one another are H or C _r C ₆ -alkyl or may together form a 4- to 8-membered cycle which may be saturated or monounsaturated or polyunsaturated and may optionally carry further substituents.

Suitable open-chain compounds of this type are, for example, N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylformamide, N-vinyl-N-propylformamide, N-vinyl-N-isopropylformamide, N-vinyl-Nn-butylformamide , N-vinyl-N-isobutylformamide, N-vinyl-Nt-butylformamide, N-vinyl-Nn-pentylformamide, N-vinyl-Nn-hexylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N ethylacetamide, N-

Vinylpropionamide, N-vinyl-N-methylpropionamide and N-vinylbutyramide. Especially preferred are N-vinylformamide and N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide.

Of the cyclic N-vinylamides, the N-vinyllactams, examples which may be mentioned are N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpiperidone and N-vinylcaprolactam. According to the invention, preference is given to using N-vinylpyrrolidone, while preference is given to using N-vinylformamide of the open-chain N-vinylamides. Copolymers of, for example, N-vinylformamide and N-vinylpyrrolidone, which may be present in the copolymer in any desired ratio, can be used in accordance with the invention.

Alternatively, N-vinylamines, in particular N-vinylamine, and N-vinylimines such as N-vinylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole, preferably N-vinylimidazole, as monomers for the preparation of the Use according to the invention usable copolymers.

Copolymers which can be used according to the invention are obtained by polymerization of monomer mixtures which as a rule contain about 0.1 to 99.9 mol%, based on the total amount of monomers used, of the at least one monomer B. These are preferably present Monomer mixtures about 50 to about 99 mol%, more preferably about 70 to about 99 mol% of the at least one monomer B. The monomers B can in pure form or in the form of mixtures of two or more different of the above compounds be used. The copolymers to be used according to the invention are obtained by copolymerization of at least one monomer of the formula (I) (monomer A) with at least one further monomer selected from the substance groups of the N-vinylamides or N-vinyllactams, N-vinylimines and / or N Vinyl amines (monomer B). The polymerization can in principle be carried out according to all methods which appear to be suitable for a person skilled in the art. It is particularly advantageous to carry out a free radical polymerization under the conditions customary for this type of polymerization or in the presence of the reagents suitable therefor, for example free-radical initiators.

The copolymers have K values of at least 7, preferably from 20 to 50, particularly preferably from 25 to 45. The K values are determined by H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie, Volume 13, 58 to 64 and 71 to 74 (1932) in aqueous solution at 25 ° C., at concentrations which lie between 0.1% and 5%, depending on the K value range.

The preparation is carried out by known methods, e.g. solution, precipitation, or reverse suspension polymerization using compounds that form radicals under the polymerization conditions.

The polymerization temperatures are usually in the range of 30 to 200 ⁰ C, preferably 40 to 11 O ⁰ C. Suitable initiators (free-radical initiators) are, for example, azo and peroxy compounds, and the customary redox initiator, such as combinations of hydrogen peroxide and reducing compounds, for example Sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxilate and hydrazine.

The reaction medium used are all customary solvents in which the monomers are soluble. Preferably, alcoholic solvents such as e.g. Me¬ ethanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol used in pure form or in the form of their Gemi¬ cal. The solvents mentioned can also be used in the form of mixtures with water.

In order to ensure that the reactions lead to homogeneous products, it is advantageous to supply the monomers and the starter separately to the reaction solution. This can be done, for example, in the form of separate feeds for the individual reaction partners.

The solids content of the resulting organic solution is usually 20 to 60 wt .-%, in particular 25 to 40 wt .-%.

The solvent used for the polymerization can then be removed by means of water vapor distillation and exchanged for water. The solutions of the copolymers can be converted into powder form by various drying methods, such as spray drying, fluidized spray drying, drum drying or freeze drying, from which an aqueous dispersion or solution can be prepared again by redispersing in water.

The preparation of the copolymers which can be used according to the invention can also be carried out in the presence of suitable difunctional crosslinker components (crosslinkers) and / or in the presence of suitable regulators.

Suitable crosslinkers are those monomers which have a crosslinking function, for example compounds having at least two ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule.

Examples include acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, allyl ethers or vinyl ethers of at least dihydric alcohols. The OH groups of the underlying alcohols can be completely or partially etherified or esterified; however, the crosslinkers contain at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups.

Examples of the underlying alcohols are dihydric alcohols such as 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol , But-2-ene-1, 4-diol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 2-hexanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1, 2-dodecanediol, 1 , 12-dodecanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methylpentan-1, 5-diol, 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1 , 4-Cyclohexanediol, 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, hydroxypivanic acid neopentyl glycol monoester, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis [4- (2-hydroxypropyl) phenyl] propane , Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, 3-thio-pentane-1, 5-diol, as well as polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and polytetrahydrofurans having Molekularge¬ weights of 200 to 10,000. Except the homopolymers of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide also block copolymers au s ethylene oxide or Propyle- noxid or copolymers containing incorporated incorporated ethylene oxide and propylene oxide groups. Examples of underlying alcohols having more than two OH groups are trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1, 2,5-pentanetriol, 1, 2,6-hexanetriol, triethoxycyanuric acid, sorbitan, sugars such as sucrose, glucose, mannose. Of course, the polyhydric alcohols can also be used after reaction with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide as the corresponding ethoxylates or propoxylates. The polyhydric alcohols can also first be converted into the corresponding glycidyl ethers by reaction with epichlorohydrin.

Further suitable crosslinkers are the vinyl esters or the esters of monohydric, unsaturated alcohols with ethylenically unsaturated C ₃ - to C ₆ -carboxylic acids, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid. examples for such alcohols are allyl alcohol, 1-buten-3-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, 9-decene-1-ol, dicyclopentenyl alcohol, 10-undecen-1-ol, cinnamyl alcohol, citronellol , Crotyl alcohol or cis-9-octadecen-1-ol. However, it is also possible to esterify the monohydric, unsaturated alcohols with polybasic carboxylic acids, for example malonic acid, tartaric acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid or succinic acid.

Further suitable crosslinkers are esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with the above-described polyhydric alcohols, for example oleic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid or 10-undecenoic acid.

Suitable crosslinkers are also straight-chain or branched, linear or cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons which have at least two double bonds which may not be conjugated to aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Divinylbenzene, divinyltoluene, 1, 7-octadiene, 1, 9-decadiene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, trivinylcyclohexane or polybutadienes having molecular weights of 200 to 20,000.

Other suitable crosslinkers are the acrylic acid amides, methacrylic acid amides and N-allylamines of at least dihydric amines. Such amines are for example 1, 2-diaminomethane, 1, 2-diaminoethane, 1, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 4-diaminobutane, 1,6-

Diaminohexane, 1,12-dodecanediamine, piperazine, diethylenetriamine or isophorone diamine. Also suitable are the amides of allylamine and unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, or at least zweiwerti¬ conditions carboxylic acids, as described above.

Further, triallylamine and triallylmonoalkylammonium salts, e.g. Triallylmethylammonium chloride or methylsulfate, suitable as a crosslinker.

Also suitable are N-vinyl compounds of urea derivatives, at least difunctional amides, cyanurates or urethanes, for example of urea, ethyleneurea, propyleneurea or tartaramide, e.g. N, N'-divinylethyleneurea or N, N'-divinylpropyleneurea.

Further suitable crosslinkers are divinyldioxane, tetraallylsilane or tetravinylsilane.

Of course, it is also possible to use mixtures of the abovementioned compounds. Preferably, those crosslinkers are used which are soluble in the monomer mixture.

Crosslinkers used with particular preference are, for example, methylenebisacrylamide, triallylamine and triallylalkylammonium salts, divinylimidazole, pentaerythritol triallyl ether, N, N'-divinylethyleneurea, reaction products of polyhydric alcohols with acrylic acid. or methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid esters and acrylic esters of polyalkylene oxides or polyhydric alcohols which have been reacted with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or epichlorohydrin.

Very particularly preferred crosslinkers are pentaerythritol triallyl ether, methylenebisacrylamide, N, N'-divinylethyleneurea, triallylamine and triallylmonoalkylammonium salts, and acrylic esters of glycol, butanediol, trimethylolpropane or glycerol or acrylic esters of glycol, butanediol reacted with ethylene oxide and / or epichlorohydrin , Trimethylolpropane or glycerin.

The difunctional crosslinker component can be used in the preparation of the copolymers to be used according to the invention in amounts of from 0 up to about 5 mol%, preferably from 0 to about 3 mol%. based on the total amount of monomers used, einge¬ sets are used, either in pure form or in the form of a mixture of a plurality of crosslinkers.

The preparation of the copolymers which can be used according to the invention can also be carried out in the presence of suitable regulators. Regulators (polymerization regulators) are generally compounds with high transfer constants. Regulators accelerate chain transfer reactions and thus cause a reduction in the degree of polymerization of the resulting polymers without affecting the gross reaction rate.

In the case of the regulators, it is possible to distinguish between monofunctional, bifunctional or polyfunctional regulators, depending on the number of functional groups in the molecule which can lead to one or more chain transfer reactions. Suitable regulators are described, for example, in detail by K.C. Berger and G. Brandrup in J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut, Polymer Handbook, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989, pp. 11/81 - 11/141.

Suitable regulators are, for example, aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde.

It is also possible to use as regulators: formic acid, its salts or esters, such as ammonium formate, 2,5-diphenyl-1-hexene, hydroxylammonium sulfate, and hydroxylammonium phosphate.

Other suitable regulators are halogen compounds, for. For example, alkyl halides such as tetrachloromethane, chloroform, bromotrichloromethane, bromoform, allyl bromide, and benzyl compounds such as benzyl chloride or benzyl bromide. Other suitable regulators are allyl compounds, such as. Allyl alcohol, functionalized allyl ethers such as allyl ethoxylates, alkyl allyl ethers, or glycerol monoallyl ethers.

Preference is given to using compounds which contain sulfur in bound form as regulators.

Compounds of this type are, for example, inorganic hydrogen sulfites, disulfites and dithionites or organic sulfides, disulfides, polysulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones. These include di-n-butyl sulfide, di-n-octyl sulfide, diphenyl sulfide, thiodiglycol, ethylthioethanol, diisopropyl disulfide, di-n-butyl disulfide, di-n-hexyl disulfide, diacetyl disulfide, diethanol sulfide, di-t-butyl trisulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dialkyl sulfide, Dialkyl disulfide and / or diaryl sulfide.

Particularly preferred are organic compounds containing sulfur in bonded form.

Preferred compounds used as polymerization regulators are thiols (compounds which obtain sulfur in the form of SH groups, also referred to as mercaptans). Preferred regulators are mono-, bi- and polyfunctional mercaptans, mercaptoalcohols and / or mercaptocarboxylic acids.

Examples of these compounds are allyl thioglycolates, ethyl thioglycolate, cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, 1, 3-mercaptopropanol, 3-mercaptopropane-1, 2-diol, 1, 4-mercaptobutanol, mercaptoacetic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptosuccinic acid, thioglycerol, thioacetic acid , Thiourea and alkylmercaptans such as n-butylmercaptan, n-hexylmercaptan or n-dodecylmercaptan.

Particularly preferred thiols are cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, 1, 3-mercaptopropanol, 3-mercaptopropane-1, 2-diol, thioglycerol, thiourea.

Examples of bifunctional regulators containing two sulfur in bonded form are bifunctional thiols such as. Dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (sodium salt), di-mercaptosuccinic acid, dimercapto-1-propanol, dimercaptoethane, dimercaptopro pan, dimercaptobutane, dimercaptopentane, dimercaptohexane, ethylene glycol bis-thioglycolates and butanediol bis-thioglycolate.

Examples of polyfunctional regulators are compounds containing more than two sulfur in bound form. Examples of these are trifunctional and / or tetrafunctional mercaptans.

Preferred trifunctional regulators are trifunctional mercaptans, such as. Trimethylolpropane tris (2-mercaptoeth- anate, trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate), tri- methylolpropane tris (4-mercaptobutanate), trimethylolpropane tris (5-mercaptopentanate), trimethylolpropane trisCΘ-mercaptohexanate), trimethylolpropane tris (2-mercaptoacetate), glyceryl thioglycolate, glyceryl thiopropionate, glyceryl thioethylate, glyceryl thiobutanate, 1, 1, 1-propanetriyl- tris (mercaptoacetate), 1,1,1-propanetriyl-tris- (mercapto-ethane), 1,1,1-propanetriyl-tris-mercaptoproprionate), 1,1,1-propanetriyl-tris- (mercaptobutanate), 2-hydroxymethyl 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol tris (mercaptoacetate), 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol tris (mercaptoethanoate), 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol tris- (mercaptopropionate), 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol tris- (mercaptobutanate).

Particularly preferred trifunctional regulators are glyceryl thioglycolate, trimethylolpropane tris (2-mercaptoacetate), 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol tris (mercaptoacetate).

Preferred tetrafunctional mercaptans are pentaerythritol tetrakis (2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis- (2-mercaptoethanoate), pentaerythritol tetrakis-mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (4-mercaptobutanate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (5-mercaptopentanate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (6-mercaptohexanat).

Further suitable polyfunctional regulators are Si compounds which are formed by reacting compounds of the formula (IIIa). Further suitable as polyfunktiona¬ le regulator Si compounds of the formula (NIb).

(R ¹ ) π

(ZO) ₃ -Si-R ² -SH (purple)

(R) _n

(ZO) 3-n -Si-R-S- (Nlb)

in the

n is a value from 0 to 2,

R ¹ represents a C _r C ₆ alkyl group or phenyl group,

R ² denotes a C 1 -C 6 -alkyl group which denotes cyclohexyl or phenyl group, Z is a C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl group, C ₂ -C ₁₈ alkylene or is C ₂ -C ₁₈ alkynyl group, whose carbon atoms may be replaced by nonadjacent oxygen or Halo¬ genatome, or one of the groups

O

Il

N = C (R ₃ ) ₂ or - NR ³ - CR ⁴

in which

R ^{3 is} a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group and

R ⁴ denotes a C 1 -C ₁₈ -alkyl group.

Particular preference is given to the compounds of the formula (IIIa), including, in particular, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.

All mentioned controllers can be used individually or in combination with each other. In a preferred embodiment of the method, multifunctional regulators are used.

The regulator can be used in the preparation of the copolymers to be used according to the invention in amounts of from 0 to about 4 mol%, preferably from 0 to about 3 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers used.

In addition, it is possible to use one or more further copolymerizable components (monomer C) in the preparation of the copolymers to be used according to the invention. Examples include: monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, dimethacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemlonic acid, allylacetic acid, vinylacetic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid and itaconic acid. Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid or mixtures of said carboxylic acids are preferably used from this group of monomers. The monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids may be in the form of the free acid and, if present, the anhydrides or in partially or completely neutralized form be used in the copolymerization. To neutralize these monomers, preference is given to using alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bases, ammonia or amines, for example sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, soda, potash, sodium hydrogencarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, gaseous or aqueous ammonia, triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, Triethanolamine, morpholine, diethylenetriamine or tetraethylenepentamine. Further suitable monomers C are, for example, the C ₁ -C ₃₀ -alkyl esters, amides and nitriles of the abovementioned carboxylic acids, for example methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxyisobutyl acrylate, Hydroxyisobutyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, myristyl acrylate, cetyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, oleyl acrylate, behenyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, myristyl methacrylate, cetyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, Oleyl methacrylate, behenyl methacrylate or tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate.

In addition, suitable monomers C are monomethyl maleate, dimethyl maleate, monoethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate and the salts of last-mentioned monomers with carboxylic acids or mineral acids and the quaternized products.

Furthermore C suitable monomers are N-alkyl- or N, N-dialkyl-substituted carboxamides of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, wherein the alkyl radicals are C, -. C ₁₈ alkyl or cycloalkyl is, for example, N-diethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide, N-stearylacrylamide, N-stearylmethacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, N, N-dioctylacrylamide, N, N-dioctylmethacrylamide, N-cetylacrylamide, N-cetylmethacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide, N-dodecylmethacrylamide, N-myristylacrylamide or 2-ethylhexylacrylamide.

Also suitable as monomers C are also vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids (C ₁ - to C ₃₀ -carboxylic acids), for example vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl esters of octane, nonane, decane, undeca, lauric, tridecane, myristic, palmitin , Stearic, arachinic or behenic acid or oleic acid.

Further suitable monomers C are furthermore the vinyl ethers, for example octadecyl vinyl ether.

Other suitable copolymerizable monomers C acrylamidoglycolic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate and acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid and phosphonic acid containing monomers such as vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic and acrylamidomethanepropanephosphonic acid. As another copolymerizable monomer C is called diallyl ammonium chloride.

The monomers C mentioned can be used both individually and in the form of mixtures of several of the compounds mentioned according to the invention.

The one or more further monomers C can be used in the preparation of the copolymers to be used according to the invention in amounts of 0 to about 49 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers used.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the use of copolymers as solubilizers, which are obtainable by polymerization of:

a) 1 to 30 mol% of at least one monomer of formula (I) ₁ wherein

R ₁ , R ₂ each independently of one another are H or CH ₃ , R _{3 is} phenyl and n is an integer from 1 to 10,

b) 50 to 99 mol% of at least one monomer selected from the group of the monomers N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam,

c) 0 to 3 mol% of one or more different difunctional crosslinker components,

d) 0 to 3 mol% of one or more different regulators and

e) 0 to 49 mol% of at least one monomer C,

where the mol% of the individual components must add up to 100 mol%.

In another aspect, the invention relates to copolymers obtainable by polymerization of

a) at least one compound of the formula (I) (monomer A)

in which

R1 and R2 are each independently H or CH _3,

R 3 is C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl or C ₇ -C ₁₂ -aralkyl which may carry one or more preferably 1 to 3 identical or different C ₁ -C ₉ -alkyl and / or C ₁ -C ₅ -alkoxy substituents, and

n is 1 or 2,

b) at least one compound selected from the group of N-vinylamides, the. N-vinyllactams, N-vinylimines and N-vinylamines having 2 to 15 carbon atoms (monomer B),

c) optionally one or more different difunctional Vernetzerkom¬ components and

d) optionally one or more different regulators and

e) optionally one or more further copolymerizable components (monomer C).

The present invention provides amphiphilic compounds for use as solubilizers for pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations as well as food preparations. They have the property of solubilizing sparingly soluble active ingredients in the field of pharmacy and cosmetics, sparingly soluble dietary supplements, for example vitamins and carotenoids, but also sparingly soluble active substances for use in crop protection agents and veterinary active agents.

The copolymers to be used according to the invention are particularly suitable for use as solubilizers in solid solutions.

The copolymer copolymers to be used according to the invention can be used as solubilizers in cosmetic formulations. For example, they are suitable as solubilizers for cosmetic oils. They have a good solubilizing ability for fats and oils, such as peanut oil, jojoba oil, coconut oil, almond oil, olive oil, palm oil, castor oil, soybean oil or wheat germ oil or for essential oils such as mountain pine oil, lavender oil, rosemary oil, pine needle oil, pine needle oil, eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil , Sage oil, bergamot oil, turpentine oil, lemon balm oil, sage oil, juniper oil, lemon oil, aniseed oil, cardamom oil; Peppermint oil, camphor oil etc. or for mixtures of these oils. Furthermore, the copolymers to be used according to the invention can be used as solubilizers for UV absorbers which are sparingly soluble or insoluble in water as mentioned below.

The term UV absorber is to be understood in the context of the present invention broadly and includes UV-A, UV-B and / or broadband filters.

Examples of advantageous broadband filters to be solubilized according to the invention, UV-A or UV-B filter substances are, for example, representatives of the following classes of compounds:

Bis-resorcinyl triazine derivatives having the structure:

wherein R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ^{9 are} independently selected from the group of ver¬ branched and unbranched alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or represent a single hydrogen atom. Especially preferred are 2,4-bis - {[4- (2-ethyl-hexyloxy) -2-hydroxy] -phenyl} -6- (4-methoxyphenyl) -1, 3,5-triazine (INCI: Aniso Tria - zin), which is available under the trade name Tinosorb ^® S from CIBA-Chemikalien GmbH.

Other UV filter substances, which are the structural motif

are advantageous to be solubilized UV filter substances in the sense of the present invention, for example, the s-triazine derivatives described in European Patent Application EP 570 838 A1, their chemical structure by the generic formula

is reproduced, wherein

R 13 is a branched or unbranched C ₁ -C ₁₂ -alkyl radical, a C ₅ -C ₁₂ -cycloalkyl radical, optionally substituted by one or more C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl groups,

represents an oxygen atom or an NH group,

R 14 is a branched or unbranched C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl radical, a C ₅ -C ₁₂ -cycloalkyl radical, optionally substituted by one or more C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl groups, or a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium group or a group the formula

means in which

A is a branched or unbranched C 1 -C ₁₈ -alkyl radical, a

C ₅ -C ₁₂ -cycloalkyl or aryl radical, optionally substituted by one or more C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl groups,

R ^{16 represents} a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

n represents a number from 1 to 10,

R ^{15 is} a branched or unbranched C-ι-C ₁₈ alkyl, a

C ₅ -C ₁₂ -cycloalkyl radical optionally substituted with one or more C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl groups, when X represents the NH-group, and a branched or unbranched C _r C ₁₈ -alkyl radical, a C ₅ -Ci ₂ Cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with one or more C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl groups, or a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium group or a group of the formula

means in which

₅ C is a branched or unbranched CrC ^ alkyl, C ₁₂ cycloalkyl or aryl radical, optionally substituted with ei¬ ner or more C _r C ₄ alkyl groups,

R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

n represents a number from 1 to 10,

when X represents an oxygen atom. Particularly preferred according to the invention to be solubilized UV filter substance in the context of the present invention is also an asymmetrically substituted s-triazine, its chemical structure by the formula

which is also referred to below as Dioctylbutylamidotriazon (INCI: Diethylhexylbutamidotriazone) and under the trade name UVASORB ^® HEB available from Sigma 3V.

For the purposes of the present invention, a symmetrically substituted s-triazine, which comprises 4,4 ', 4 "- (1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino) -trisbenzoic acid tris (2-ethylhexyl ester), synonym: 2,4,6-tris [anilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1 '- hexyloxy)] - 1, 3,5-triazine (INCI: ethylhexyl triazone) , which is marketed by BASF Aktienge¬ society under the trade name Uvinul ^® T 150th

European published patent application 775,698 also describes preferably bis-resorcinyl triazine derivatives to be solubilized in the manner according to the invention, the chemical structure of which is given by the generic formula

where R ¹⁷ and R ^{18 are,} inter alia, C ₃ -C ₁₈ -alkyl or C ₂ -C ₁₈ -alkenyl and A _{1 is} an aromatic radical.

For the purposes of the present invention, 2,4-bis - {[4- (3-sulfonato) -2-hydroxy-propyloxy) -2-hydroxy] -phenyl} -6- (4-methoxyphenyl) are also to be advantageously solubilized ) -1, 3,5-triazine sodium salt containing 2,4-bis - {[4- (3- (2-propyloxy) -2-hydroxy-propyloxy) -2-hydroxy] -phenyl} -6- (4 -methoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine which is 2,4-bis - {[4- (2-ethyl-hexyloxy) -2-hydroxy] -phenyl} -6- [4- (2-methoxyethylcarboxyl ) - phenylamino] -1, 3,5-triazine, the 2,4-bis - {[4- (3- (2-propyloxy) -2-hydroxy-propyloxy) -2-hydroxy] -phenyl} -6- [4- (2-ethyl-carboxy) -phenyl-amino] -1, 3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis - {[4- (2-ethyl-hexyloxy) -2-hydroxy] -phenyl} -6 - (1-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl) -1, 3 _I 5-triazine, 2 ₁ 4-bis - {[4-tris (trimethylsiloxy-silylpropyloxy) -2-hydroxy] phenyl} -6- ( 4-methoxyphenyl) -1, 3,5-triazine, the 2,4-bis - {[4- (2 "-methylpropenyloxy) -2-hydroxy] -phenyl} -6- (4-methoxyphenyl) -1 , 3,5-triazine and the 2,4-bis - {[4- (1 ', 1', 1 ', 3', 5 ', 5', 5'-heptamethylsiloxy-2 "-methyl-propyloxy) - 2-hydroxy] -phenyl} -6- (4-methoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine.

Advantageous oil-soluble UV-B and / or broadband filter substances to be solubilized by the use according to the invention are, for example:

3-benzylidene camphor derivatives, preferably 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, 3-benzylidene camphor;

4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate, 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid amyl ester,

Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (under the trade name Uvinul ^® M40 from the Fa. BASF available) 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4 ~ methoxybenzophenone, 2,2 ', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (available under the trade name Uvinul ^® D 50 from the Fa. BASF).

Particularly advantageous according to the invention to be solubilized, liquid at room temperature UV filter substances in the context of the present invention are Homomenthylsali- cylate, 2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl, 2-ethylhexyl-2-hydroxybenzoate and esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid (2-ethylhexyl) ester and 4-methoxycinnamic acid isopentyl ester.

Homomenthyl salicylate (INCI: Homosalate) is characterized by the following structure:

2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate (INCI: Octocrylene) is available from BASF under the name Uvinul ^® N 539T and is characterized by the following structure:

2-ethylhexyl-2-hydroxybenzoate (2-ethylhexyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, INCI: Ethylhexyl Salicylate) is available, for example, from Haarmann & Reimer under the trade name Neo Heliopan OS ^® and is characterized by the following structure:

4-methoxycinnamate (2-ethylhexyl) ester (2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, INCI: Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate) is, for example, from BASF under the Uvinul Handelsbezeich¬ voltage ^® MC 80 and is characterized by the following structure.:

4-methoxycinnamate (isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate, INCI: Isoamyl p-Methoxycinnamate) is, for example, from Haarmann & Reimer under the Handelsbe¬ drawing Neo Heliopan E 1000 ^® and is characterized by the following balancing pre-ture of:

Advantageous dibenzoylmethane derivatives according to the present invention are, more particularly, 4- (tert-butyl) -4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane sondere (CAS no. 70356-09-1), soft by BASF under the trademark Uvinul ^® from Merck and BMBM planning under the Handelsbezeich¬ Eusolex ^® sold 9020 is characterized by the following structure:

Another advantageous dibenzoylmethane derivative is 4-isopropyl-dibenzoylmethane (CAS no. 63250-25-9), which is sold by Merck under the name Eusolex ^® 8020th The Eusolex 8020 is characterized by the following structure:

Benzotriazoles are characterized by the following structural formula:

wherein

R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ independently of one another are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted (for example substituted by a phenyl radical) or unsubstituted alkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

A benzotriazole to be advantageously solubilized in the context of the present invention is also the 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methyl-6- [2-methyl-3- [1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1 - [(trimethylsilyl) oxy] disi oxanyl] propyl] phenol (CAS No .: 155633-54-8) with the INCI name Drometrizole trisiloxane, which sold by Chimex under the trademark metal xoryl XL ^®!. is and by the following chemical structural formula

is marked.

Further advantageous benzotriazoles to be solubilized in the context of the present invention are [2,4'-dihydroxy-3- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -2'- n -octoxy-5'-benzoyl] diphenylmethane, 2,2'-methylenebis [6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4- (methyl) phenol], 2,2'-methylene-bis- [ 6- (2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl) -4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl) -phenol], 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-octyl-phenyl) -benzotriazole, 2- (2 '-Hydroxy-3', 5'-di-t-amylphenyl) benzotriazole and 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole.

Another UV filter to be advantageously solubilized in the context of the present invention is the diphenylbutadiene compound described in EP-A-0 916 335 of the following formula:

Another UV-A filter to be advantageously solubilized for the purposes of the present invention is the 2- (4-ethoxy-anilinomethylene) -propanedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester of the following formula described in EP-A-0 895 776.

EthylO

Advantageously to be solubilized in the context of the present invention is also an amino-substituted hydroxybenzophenone of the following formula:

(N-hexyl)

which is sold by BASF Aktiengesellschaft as UV-A filter under the trade name Uvinul ^® A Plus.

The present invention therefore also relates to cosmetic preparations which comprise at least one of the copolymers of the abovementioned composition to be used according to the invention as solubilizers. Preference is given to those preparations which, in addition to the solubilizer, contain one or more sparingly soluble cosmetic active ingredients, for example the abovementioned oils or UV absorbers or else dyes.

These formulations are solubilizates based on water or water / alcohol. The solubilizers to be used according to the invention are used in a ratio of 0.2: 1 to 20: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 15: 1, more preferably 2: 1 to 12: 1 to the sparingly soluble cosmetic active ingredient.

The content of solubilizer to be used according to the invention in the cosmetic preparation is, depending on the active ingredient, in the range from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 3 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 30% by weight.

In addition, other auxiliaries may be added to this formulation, for example nonionic, cationic or anionic surfactants such as alkylpolyglycosides, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, alkanesulfonates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty alcohols. alcohol phosphates, alkyl betaines, sorbitan esters, POE sorbitan esters, sugar fatty acid esters, fatty acid polyglycerol esters, fatty acid partial glycerides, fatty acid carboxylates, fatty alcohol sulfosuccinates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid taurinates, citric acid esters, silicone copolymers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acid alkanolamides, quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylphenol oxethylates, fatty amine oxethylates , Cosolvents such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin and others.

As further ingredients, natural or synthetic compounds, e.g. Lanolin derivatives, cholesterol derivatives, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, electrolytes, dyes, preservatives, acids (for example lactic acid, citric acid) are added.

These formulations are used, for example, in bath-supplement preparations such as bath oils, shaving waters, face lotions, mouthwashes, hair lotions, colognes, toilet water and in sunscreens.

In the preparation of the solubilizates for cosmetic formulations, the copolymers to be used according to the invention can be used as 100% substance or preferably as aqueous solution.

The solubilizer is usually dissolved in water and intensively mixed with the sparingly soluble cosmetic active ingredient to be used in each case.

However, it is also possible for the solubilizer to be intensively mixed with the sparingly soluble cosmetic active ingredient to be used in each case and then mixed with demineralized water with constant stirring.

The copolymers to be used according to the invention are also suitable for use as solubilizers in pharmaceutical preparations of any kind, which are characterized in that they contain one or more sparingly soluble or water-insoluble active ingredients or drugs as well as vitamins and / or carotenoids can. In particular, these are aqueous solutions or solubilisates for oral or parenteral administration.

Furthermore, the copolymers to be used according to the invention are suitable for

Use in oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, powders, solutions. Here you can provide the poorly soluble drug with increased bioavailability.

In parenteral administration, emulsions, for example fat emulsions, can be used in addition to solubilisates. Also for this purpose, the copolymers of the invention are to process a sparingly soluble drug. Pharmaceutical formulations of the abovementioned type can be obtained by processing the copolymers to be used according to the invention with pharmaceutical active substances by conventional methods and using known and new active compounds.

The application according to the invention may additionally contain pharmaceutical excipients and / or diluents. Cosolvents, stabilizers, preservatives are especially listed as auxiliaries.

The pharmaceutical active ingredients used are water-insoluble or sparingly soluble substances. According to DAB 9 (German Pharmacopoeia), the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients is adjusted as follows: sparingly soluble (soluble in 30 to 100 parts of solvent); poorly soluble (soluble in 100 to 1000 parts of solvent); practically insoluble (soluble in more than 10,000 parts solvent). The active substances can come from any indication range.

Examples of drug classes or active substances that can be brought into solution by the copolymers to be used according to the invention include: benzodiazepines, antihypertensives, vitamins, cytostatics - in particular taxol, anesthetics, neuroleptics, antidepressants, antibiotics, antimycotics, fungicides, Chemotherapeutic agents, urologics, platelet aggregation inhibitors, sulfonamides, spasmolytics, hormones, immunoglobulins, serums, thyroid therapeutics, psychotropic drugs, Parkinson and other antihyperkinetics, ophthalmics, neuropathy preparations, calcium metabolism regulators, muscle relaxants, narcosis middle I, lipid-lowering, hepatic, coronary , Cardiaka, immunotherapeutics, regulatory peptides and their inhibitors, hypnotics, sedatives, gynecologics, gout, fibrinolytics, enzyme preparations and transport proteins, enzyme inhibitors, emetics, circulation-promoting agents, diuretics, diagnostics, corticoids, cholinergics, bile ducts therapeutics, anti-asthmatics, broncholytics, beta-receptor blockers, calcium antagonists, ACE

Inhibitors, atherosclerosis agents, antiphlogistics, anticoagulants, antihypotonics, antihypoglycemics, antihypertensives, antifibrinolytics, antiepileptics, antiemetics, antidotes, antidiabetics, antiarrhythmics, antianemics, antiallergics, anthelmintics, analgesics, analeptics, aldosterone antagonists, weight loss agents.

A possible preparation variant is the dissolution of the solubilizer in the aqueous phase, optionally with gentle heating, and the subsequent dissolution of the active ingredient in the aqueous solubilizer solution. The simultaneous dissolution of solubilizer and active ingredient in the aqueous phase is also possible.

The inventive use of the copolymers as solubilizers can, for example, also be carried out in such a way that the active ingredient in the solubilizer, if necessary with heating, dispersed and mixed with stirring with water.

The invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical preparations which contain at least one of the copolymers to be used according to the invention as solubilizer. Preference is given to those preparations which, in addition to the solubilizer, contain a pharmaceutically active substance which is sparingly soluble in water or insoluble in water, for example from the abovementioned indication areas.

Particularly preferred of the abovementioned pharmaceutical preparations are those which are parenterally administrable formulations.

The content of solubilizer according to the invention in the pharmaceutical preparation is, depending on the active ingredient, in the range from 1 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 3 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 30 wt .-%.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of said copolymers as solubilizers in molecularly dispersed systems. Solid dispersions, ie homogeneous very finely divided phases of two or more solids and their special case of so-called "solid solutions" (molecular disperse systems), and their use in pharmaceutical technology are generally known (see Chiou and Riegelmann, J. Pharm. Sci., 1971, 60, 1281-1300. In addition, the present invention also relates to solid solutions containing at least one copolymer to be used according to the invention.

The preparation of solid solutions can be carried out by means of melt processes or by the solution process.

As a polymeric adjuvant, i. Solubilizers for the preparation of such solid dispersions or solid solutions are the copolymers of the invention.

By way of example, the use according to the invention of a copolymer for the preparation of a solid solution and the subsequent formulation of a solid dosage form containing 200 mg of an active substance, e.g. Carbamazepine contains described. The copolymer selected by way of example consists of 98 mol% of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 2 mol% of phenoxyacrylate.

After the melt process, for example, carbamazepine and the selected copolymer can be weighed and mixed in the desired ratio, for example in equal parts. For example, a free-fall mixer is suitable for mixing. The mixture can then be extruded, for example in a twin-screw extruder. The diameter of the thus obtained, cooled product strand, consisting of a solid solution of the chosen active ingredient in the selected copolymer to be used according to the invention is dependent on the diameter of the perforation of the perforated disks of the extruder. By cutting the cooled product strands with the aid of a rotating knife, cylindrical particles can be obtained whose height depends on the distance between the perforated disk and the knife. The average diameter of the cylindrical particles is usually about 1000 to about 3000 microns, the height usually about 2000 to about 5000 microns. Larger extrudates can be crushed in a subsequent step.

Alternatively, one can produce solid solution in the solution process. For this purpose, it is customary to dissolve the chosen sparingly soluble active ingredient and the selected copolymer to be used according to the invention as a solubilizer in a suitable solvent. Subsequently, the solution is usually poured into a suitable mold, and the solvent, for example by drying, removed. The drying conditions are advantageously chosen according to the properties of active ingredient (e.g., thermolability) and solvent (e.g., boiling point).

Taking into account the material behavior, the resulting molding or extrudate can be comminuted, for example, with a suitable mill (for example, pin mill). The solid solution is advantageously comminuted to a mean Teil¬ chengröße of less than about 2000 microns, preferably less than about 1000 microns and more preferably less than about 500 microns.

With suitable auxiliaries, the resulting bulk material can now be processed into a tableting mixture or to a capsule filling material. The tableting is advantageously carried out by obtaining tablets having a hardness of greater than about 35 N, preferably greater than about 60 N, particularly preferably from about 80 to about 100 N.

The formulations thus obtainable may, as in the case of conventional formulations, if necessary be coated with suitable coating materials for the purpose of obtaining gastric juice resistance, retarding, taste masking, etc.

In addition to the use in cosmetics and pharmaceutics, the copolymers to be used according to the invention are also suitable as solubilizers in the food sector for nutrients, auxiliaries or additives which are sparingly soluble in water or insoluble in water, for example fat-soluble vitamins or carotenoids. Examples include clear, colored with carotenoids drinks. The invention therefore also relates to food-grade technical preparations which contain at least one of the copolymers to be used according to the invention as a solubilizer. For the purposes of the present invention, food supplements also include food supplements, such as preparations containing food coloring matter and dietetic foods. stand. In addition, the said copolymers are also suitable as solubilizers for feed additives for animal nutrition.

The application of the copolymers to be used according to the invention as solubilizers in agrochemicals can i.a. Formulations include pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, especially those preparations of Pflan¬ zenschutzmitteln that are used as spray or pouring broths.

The following examples for the preparation and use of the copolymers to be used according to the invention illustrate the invention, but without limiting it in any way:

Example 1: Preparation of the copolymer 1

A solution consisting of 0.4 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 105 g of ethanol, 8.6 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 0.1 g of 2,2'-azobis-2- (amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V50, Wako) and 105 g of water was heated to 75 ° C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A second solution consisting of 77.8 g of vinylpyrrolidone, 15 g of ethanol, 3.2 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) and 15 g of water was added over 4 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 17.7 g of ethanol, 0.8 g of 2,2'-azobis-2- (amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V50, Wako) and 17.7 g of water within 5 h added. After a further 2 hours, the product was subjected to steam distillation and dried at 75 ° C. under reduced pressure. The resulting polymer had a K value of 30.4 (1% in N-methylpyrrolidone).

Example 2: Preparation of the copolymer 2

A solution consisting of 0.4 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 210 g of ethanol, 9.6 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 0.05 g of 2,2'-azobis-2-one

(Methyl butyronitrile) (Wako V59, Wako) was heated to 70 ⁰ C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A second solution consisting of 86.4 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 30 g of ethanol and 3.6 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) was added within 4 h. At the same time, a third solution consisting of 35 g of ethanol and 0.45 g of 2,2'-azobis-2- (methylbutyronitrile) (Wako V59, Wako) was added within 4 hours. After a further 2 hours, the product was subjected to steam distillation and dried at 75 ° C. under reduced pressure. The resulting polymer had a K value of 42.3 (1% in N-methylpyrrolidone).

Example 3: Preparation of the copolymer 3 A solution consisting of 0.4 g of polyethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate (M _n ^"324 D, Fa. Aldrich) 210 g of ethanol, 9.6 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 0.1 g of 2,2'-azobis-2- (methylbutyronitrile) (Wako V59, Fa. Wako) was heated to 70 ⁰ C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A second solution consisting of 85.4 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 30 g of ethanol and 4.6 g of polyethylene glycol-phenyl ether acrylate (M _n ^! = 324 D, Fa. Aldrich) was added within 4 h. At the same time, a third solution consisting of 35 g of ethanol and 0.9 g of 2,2'-azobis-2- (methylbutyronitrile) (Wako V59, Wako) was added over the course of 4 hours. After a further 2 hours, the product was subjected to steam distillation and dried at 75 ° C. under reduced pressure. The resulting polymer had a K value of 32.3 (1% in N-methylpyrrolidone).

Example 4: Preparation of the copolymer 4

A solution consisting of 0.4 g of polyethylene glycol-phenyl ether acrylate (M _n ~ 280 D, Aldrich) 210 g of ethanol, 9.6 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 0.1 g of 2,2'-azobis-2

(Methylbutyronitrile) (Wako V59, Wako) was heated to 7O ⁰ C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A second solution consisting of 85.4 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 30 g of ethanol and 4.6 g of polyethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate (M _n "280 D, Fa. Aldrich) was added over 4 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 35 g of ethanol and 0.9 g of 2,2'-azobis-2- (methylbutyronitrile) (Wako V59, Wako) was added within 4 h. After a further 2 hours, the product was subjected to steam distillation and dried at 75 ° C. under reduced pressure. The resulting polymer had a K value of 32.8 (1% in N-methylpyrrolidone).

Example 5: Preparation of the copolymer 5

A solution consisting of 5 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 100 g of isopropanol was heated to 8O ⁰ C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A second solution consisting of 10 g of 2- phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer ^® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) and 200 g isopropanol precipitation was added over 5 h nol. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 85.0 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 200 g of isopropanol was added over a period of 5.5 hours and a fourth solution consisting of 4.0 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75% strength) and 50 g of isopropanol added within 6.0 h. After a further hour, the product was dried under vacuum at 75 ⁰ C.

Example 6: Preparation of the copolymer 6

A solution consisting of 5 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 100 g of isopropanol was heated to 80 ^° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. A second solution consisting of 10 g of polyethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate (M _n = 280 D, Aldrich) and 200 g of isopropanol was added within 5 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 85.0 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 200 g of isopropanol was added within 5.5 h and a fourth solution consisting of 4 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 50 g of isopropanol was added within 6 h. After an additional hour, the product was dried under vacuum at 75 ° C. The polymer thus obtained had a K value of 13.7 (1% in water).

Example 7: Preparation of the copolymer 7

A solution consisting of 5 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 100 g of isopropanol was heated to 80 ^° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. A second solution consisting of 10 g of polyethylene glycol-phenyl ether acrylate (1 → 324 D, Aldrich) and 200 g of isopropanol was added over 5 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 85.0 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 200 g of isopropanol was added over 5.5 h and a fourth solution consisting of 4.0 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 50 g of isopropanol within 6, 0 h added. After an additional hour, the product was dried under vacuum at 75 ° C. The resulting polymer had a K value of 14.8 (1% in water).

Example 8: Preparation of the copolymer 8

A solution consisting of 0.4 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 105 g of ethanol, 105 g of water, 8.6 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 0.1 g of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V50, Wako) was heated to 75 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. A second solution consisting of 77.8 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 15 g of ethanol, 15 g of water, 3.2 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) and 0.45 g of triallylamine was added within 4 h ¬ given. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 17.7 g of ethanol, 17.7 g of water and 0.8 g of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V50, Wako) was added within 5 h. After a further 2 hours, the product was subjected to steam distillation and dried at 7O ⁰ C under vacuum.

Example 9: Preparation of the copolymer 9

A solution consisting of 0.4 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 105 g of ethanol, 105 g of water, 8.6 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 0.1 g of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V50, Wako) was heated to 75 ^° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. A. second solution consisting of 77.8 g of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 15 g of ethanol, 15 g of water, 3.2 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft) and 0.45 g Divinylethylenharnstoff was added within 4 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 17.7 g of ethanol, 17.7 g of water and 0.8 g of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (Wako V50, Wako) was added within 5 h. After a further 2 h, the product was subjected to steam distillation and dried at 70 ^° C. under reduced pressure. Example 10: Preparation of the copolymer 10

A solution consisting of 2.1 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 75 g of isopropanol, 15.3 g of vinylpyrrolidone, 2.1 g of lauryl acrylate, 10.5 g of vinylcaprolactam was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere. After reaching 75 ° C, 0.2 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 3.0 g of isopropanol were added. After 10 minutes, a second solution consisting of 18.9 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 135 g of isopropanol, 137.7 g of vinylpyrrolidone, 18.9 g of lauryl acrylate and 94.5 g of vinylcaprolactam was added within 4 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 3.8 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 57.0 g of isopropanol was added over 5 h. After a further 3 hours, the isopropanol was distilled off and subsequently diluted with water. The product was subjected to steam distillation and freeze-dried.

Example 11: Preparation of the copolymer 11

A solution consisting of 2.1 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 70 g of isopropanol, 15.1 g of vinylpyrrolidone, 2.1 g of lauryl acrylate, 10.5 g of vinylcaprolactam was heated to 75 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere heated and 0.2 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 3.0 g of isopropanol was added. After 10 minutes, a second solution consisting of 18.9 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 90 g of isopropanol, 136.4 g of vinylpyrrolidone, 18.9 g of lauryl acrylate and 94.5 g of vinylcaprolactam was added over 4 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 1.5 g of divinylethyleneurea and 50 g of isopropanol was added over the course of 4 hours, and a fourth solution consisting of 3.8 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 57.0 g of isopropanol within 5 min h admitted. After a further 2 hours, the isopropanol was distilled off and subsequently diluted with water. The product was subjected to steam distillation and freeze-dried.

Example 12: Preparation of the copolymer 12

A solution consisting of 3.0 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 70 g of isopropanol, 23.9 g of vinylpyrrolidone, 3.0 g of lauryl acrylate, was heated to 75 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere and then 0, 2 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 3.0 g of isopropanol were added. After 10 minutes, a second solution consisting of 27.0 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 90 g of isopropanol, 215.1 g Vinylpyrroli¬ don and 27.0 g of lauryl acrylate was added within 4 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 0.9 g Divinylethylenhamstoff and 50 g of isopropanol was added within 4 h and a fourth solution consisting of 3.8 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 57.0 g of isopropanol within 5 h admitted. After After 2 hours, the isopropanol was distilled off and then diluted with water. The product was subjected to steam distillation and freeze-dried.

Example 13: Preparation of the copolymer 13

A solution consisting of 2.5 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 125 g of isopropanol, 45 g of vinylpyrrolidone, 2.5 g of lauryl acrylate was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere. After reaching 73 ° C, 0.33 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 5.0 g of isopropanol were added. After 10 minutes, a second solution consisting of 22.5 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 225 g of isopropanol, 405 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 22.5 g of lauryl acrylate was added over 4 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 6.33 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 95 g of isopropanol was added within 5 h. After a further 2 hours, the isopropanol was distilled off and then diluted with water. The resulting product was subjected to steam distillation and freeze-dried.

Example 14: Preparation of the copolymer 14

A solution consisting of 5 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (Laromer® POEA, BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 225 g of isopropanol, 42.5 g of vinylpyrrolidone, 2.5 g of lauryl acrylate was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere. After reaching 73 ° C, 0.33 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 5.0 g of isopropanol were added. After 10 minutes, a second solution consisting of 45 g of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 225 g of isopropanol, 382.5 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 22.5 g of lauryl acrylate was added over 4 h. In parallel, a third solution consisting of 6.33 g of tert-butyl perpivalate (75%) and 95.0 g of isopropanol was added over 5 h. After a further 2 hours, the isopropanol was distilled off and then diluted with water. The product was subjected to a steam distillation and freeze-dried.

Examples 15 and 16: Determination of Solubilization Properties of Copolymers 1 to 14

Example 15: General Procedure 1

0.5 of the chosen polymer and 0.1 g of a compound to be dissolved in water were dissolved in about 20 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The mixture was stirred and then freed of DMF. A solid dispersion of the chosen solution to be contacted with the selected copolymer was obtained. The solid dispersion was added to 100 ml of water (buffered to pH 6.8) and the mixture was stirred for 24 h. After filtration, solutions were obtained whose content of the compound to be dissolved was determined by UV spectroscopy. The results are summarized in Table 1. Table 3 presents the literature values for water solubilities of the selected compounds as well as the wavelength of the UV spectroscopic measurement:

Table 1 :

* To determine the solubility of sulfathiazole, 2.5 g of the respective copolymer were used with 0.5 g of sulfathiazole.

Example 16: General Procedure 2:

In a beaker, about 2 g of polymer were weighed. Then, 0.2 g of piroxicam or 0.3 g of carbamazepine was added to each batch to obtain a supersaturated solution. Subsequently, 20 g of phosphate buffer pH 7.0 were added. After filtration, solutions were obtained whose content of the compound to be brin¬ in solution was determined by UV spectroscopy. The results are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2:

Table 3:

Example 17: Preparation of solid solutions

To prepare the polymer / active substance mixture, 2 g of one of the copolymers 1 or 6 to 14 and 2 g each of one of the active ingredients clotrimazole, piroxicam, estradiol or carbamazepine were weighed into a suitable glass vessel. Subsequently, 16 ml of N ₁ N dimethylformamide were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours with a magnetic stirrer. The solution was then drawn out with the aid of a 120 μm doctor blade on a glass plate and then dried for 0.5 h at room temperature in a fume hood. The coated material was then dried in a drying oven at 50 ° C. and 10 mbar for a further 0.5 hours until the solvent had been removed quantitatively. The active ingredient dissolved in the copolymer in the form of a solid solution was obtained.

Example 18 Preparation of a Pharmaceutical Formulation Using Solid Solutions

Table 4:

A solid solution prepared as in Example 17 consisting of 50% by weight of one of the active ingredients carbamazepine, clotrimazole, piroxicam or estradiol and 50% by weight of a copolymer of 98 mole% N-vinylpyrrolidone and 2 mole% phenoxyacrylate, the disintegrant , the binder and flow control agent were weighed and mixed in a tumbler mixer for 10 minutes. The lubricant was then added and mixed again for 5 minutes. The bulk material was pressed on a rotary press at a pressing pressure of 20 kN (punch: oblong, with breaking notch). Friability, disintegration and drug release are in accordance with the specifications of the pharmacopoeia.

Claims

claims

1. Use of copolymers obtainable by polymerization of

a) at least one compound of the formula (I) (monomer A)

in which

R1 and R2 are each independently H or CH _3,

R 3 is C ₆ -C 10 -aryl or C ₇ -C ₁₂ -aralkyl which may carry one or more identical or different C ₁ -C ₉ -alkyl and / or C ₁ -C ₅ -alkoxy substituents, and

n is an integer from 0 to 100,

b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of N-vinylamides, N-vinyllactams, N-vinylimines and N-vinylamines

2 to 15 carbon atoms (monomer B),

c) optionally one or more different difunctional crosslinking components and

d) optionally one or more different regulators and

e) optionally one or more further copolymerizable components (monomer C)

as solubilizers.

2. Use of copolymers according to claim 1, obtainable by polymerization of

a) 1 to 50 mol% of at least one monomer A b) 50 to 99 mol% of at least one monomer B c) 0 to 5 mol% of one or more different difunctional crosslinker components and d) 0 to 4 mol% of one or more different regulators and e) 0 to 49 mol% of at least one monomer C

where the molar% of the individual components must add up to 100 mol%.

3. Use of copolymers according to claim 1 or 2, obtainable by polymerization of Polyme¬

a) 1 to 30 mol% of at least one monomer A b) 50 to 99 mol% of at least one monomer B c) 0 to 3 mol% of one or more different difunctional crosslinker components and d) 0 to 3 mol% of a or several different regulators and e) 0 to 49 mol% of at least one monomer C

wherein the mol% of the individual components must add to 100 mol% addie¬ ren.

4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one selects the at least one monomer A from the group of monomers of formula (I), wherein R 1 and R 2 are each H, R 3 is phenyl and n is an integer from 1 to 10 means.

5. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one selects the at least one monomer B from the group of monomers N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylformamide, vinylamine and N-vinylimidazole.

6. Use of copolymers as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 as solubilizers in pharmaceutical and / or cosmetic preparations and / or food preparations or crop protection preparations.

7. Use of copolymers as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 as solubilizers in solid solutions

8. Pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one of the copolymers as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. Preparations according to claim 8, comprising at least one sparingly soluble or insoluble in water pharmaceutical active ingredient.

10. Cosmetic preparations containing at least one of the copolymers as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

11. Preparations according to claim 10, comprising at least one sparingly soluble or insoluble in water cosmetic active ingredient.

12. Food preparations containing at least one of the copolymers as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

13. Copolymers obtainable by polymerization of

a) at least one compound of the formula (I) (monomer A)

O R2

^R1 γ ^A fo ^Λ 4r ° - <«(,)

in which

R1 and R2 are each independently H or CH _3,

R 3 is C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl or C ₇ - C ₂ -aralkyl, the one or more glei che or different C | ₁ -C -AIkOXy- can inert substituents -C ₉ -alkyl and / or C _5, and

n is 1 or 2,

c) optionally one or more different difunctional crosslinking components and

d) optionally one or more different regulators and

e) optionally one or more further copolymerizable components (monomer C)

wherein the mol% of the individual components must add to 100 mol% addie¬ ren.

14. Solid solutions containing at least one copolymer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.