Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
  • D06M15/277—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof containing fluorine
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
  • D06M23/08—Processes in which the treating agent is applied in powder or granular form
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
  • D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M2101/26—Polymers or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
  • D06M2101/28—Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M2101/32—Polyesters

Definitions

• (B) at least one organic or inorganic solid in particulate form, which is different from (a), and
• WO 96/04123 describes self-cleaning surfaces which have an artificial surface structure which has elevations and depressions, the structure being characterized in particular by its structural parameters.
• the structures are produced, for example, by embossing a structure on a thermoplastically deformable hydrophobic material or by applying Teflon powder to a surface treated with UHU®. From US 3,354,022 similarly prepared water-repellent surfaces are known.
• EP-A 0 933 388 discloses processes for the production of structured surfaces in which a negative mold is first produced by photolithography, a plastic film is embossed with this mold, and then the embossed plastic film is hydrophobicized with fluorinated alkylsilanes.
• WO 02/84013 it is proposed to hydrophobicize fibers, for example of polyester, by passing them through a bath of decalin heated to 80 ° C. in which 1% of hydrophobized silica gel Aerosil 8200 has been suspended.
• WO 02/84016 it is proposed to hydrophobize polyester fabric by allowing it was suspended through a bath of heated to 50 0 C DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), in which 1% of hydrophobic silica Aeroperl 8200, through pulls.
• DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
• WO 01/75216 it is proposed to make textile fibers and fabrics water-repellent and dirt-repellent by providing them with a two-component layer, one of which is a dispersing agent and the other, for example, a colloid.
• the finishing process described in WO 01/75216 produces finishing layers in which the colloids are distributed anisotropically in the dispersing medium, wherein an accumulation of the colloids is observed at the interface between the finish layer and the surrounding surface.
• the process uses such equipment fleets containing up to 5 g / l Aerosil 812 S.
• Absorbent materials are for the purposes of the present invention, for example, paper, cardboard, wood, building materials such as brick, concrete, natural stone, sandstone and sand-lime brick, furthermore leather imitations and leather and preferably textile materials.
• textile materials include fibers, rovings, yarn, twine on the one hand, and textile fabrics on the other hand, such as, for example, woven goods, knits, nonwovens and clothing.
• textile fabrics which can be used, for example, for the production of textile in the outer region.
• Examples include sails, umbrellas and sun umbrellas, tarpaulins, tarpaulins, tablecloths, awning fabrics, clothing for Wasserfahr ⁇ witnesses such as sailing and motor boats and furniture clothing beispiels ⁇ example of chairs, swings or benches called.
• Absorbent materials in the sense of the present invention can consist of different substances. Mention may be made of natural fibers and synthetic fibers and Misch ⁇ fibers. Among natural fibers are, for example, silk, wool and more preferably called cotton. Synthetic fibers include, by way of example, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile and polyethylene terephthalate. Also modified Na ⁇ turmaschinen can be coated by the novel process, beispiels ⁇ example cellulose acetate.
• the method according to the invention comprises two steps, wherein one is absorbent material
• (B) at least one organic or inorganic solid in particulate form, which is different from (a), and
• step (A) absorbent material is hydrophilized.
• Hydrophilizing in connection with the present invention means that the surface of absorbent material is treated in such a way that it can be wetted by water immediately after step (A).
• the wettability of the surface of absorbent material which precedes step (A) can be demonstrated, for example, in such a way that it can be used Normal conditions have a non-measurable contact angle with water.
• water forms no droplets visible to the naked eye according to step (A), but spreads to form a film.
• hydrophilizing and smoothing in step (A). Smoothing is understood in the context of the present invention that protruding fluffs, hairs and other material-related unevenness of absorbent materials are removed or glued to the actual surface that they are not visible to the naked eye from the level of compensation.
• Step (A) can be carried out, for example, by reacting absorbent material in a dry or preferably water-moistened form with one or more articles having a temperature of at least 450 ° C., preferably of at least 500 ° C., more preferably of at least 750 0 C or contacted with one or more flames.
• the upper temperature limit for contacting absorbent material with one or more articles having a temperature of at least 45O 0 C are 1300 0 C, preferably 900 0 C.
• one or more articles having a temperature of at least 450 ° C may be one or more objects having a planar or curved surface, such as one or more rollers, one or more punches, or one or more several plates.
• step (A) articles with a temperature of at least 450 0 C are preferably designed so that the surface, which is contacted with absorbent material made of metal or an alloy, preferably made of steel and particularly preferably made of copper or a copper-containing alloy.
• absorbent material made of metal or an alloy, preferably made of steel and particularly preferably made of copper or a copper-containing alloy.
• at least one article used according to the invention in step (A) is a glowing copper plate.
• absorbent material is contacted with one or more articles having a temperature of at least 450 ° C by passing absorbent material over the article (s) that may stand still or, in the case of rolls, rotate ,
• absorbent material having a product speed in the range from 20 to 300 m / min, preferably 30 to 200 m / min, over one or more articles with a temperature of at least 450 ° C.
• absorbent material is contacted with one or more flames, for example with one or more gas flames, preferably with one or more non-luminous gas flames, wherein the composition of the relevant gas or gas mixture per se is critical.
• the composition of the gas in question is preferably constant during the performance of step (A).
• the temperature of one or more flames is in the range of 1100 to 1500, preferably 1200 to 1300 0 C.
• a rate of goods for example, up to 250 m / min are suitable, preferably 30 to 200 m / min.
• step (A) In another embodiment of step (A) procedure can be followed, that absorbent material passes to one or more hot ceramic bodies having a temperature in the range of 800 ° C to 1300 0 C. Ceramic bodies heated to such temperatures typically emit z. B. from IR radiation. Suitable apparatuses in which absorbent substrates and in particular textile can be carried past hot ceramic bodies are commercially available.
• step (A) may combine several of the above-described embodiments of step (A). It is also possible to repeat approximately form one or more Auspar ⁇ , for example by absorbent material via two rotating rollers at a temperature of 500 0 C.
• the absorbent material it is possible to contact the absorbent material to be treated, if it is designed flat, on both sides or preferably on one side with one or more objects with a temperature of at least 450 ° or with one or more flames.
• step (A) after step (A) and in particular after contacting with one or more Treat articles with a temperature of at least 450 0 C or with one or Distribue ⁇ ren flame-contacted absorbent material with water, for example as a bath, in the form of water-cooled rolls or in the form of water vapor, thus preventing sparking and burning of absorbent material.
• step (A) one may treat with one or more fixed or rotating brushes.
• absorbent material in step (A) with at least one melt or preferably dispersion of at least one (co) polymer selected from anionic polyurethanes, copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid -C 1 -C 0 -alkyl esters and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid-C r C 10 alkyl esters having at least one ethylene lenisch unsaturated compound.
• Dispersions preferably used in step (A) are preferably aqueous dispersions, for example having a solids content in the range from 30 to 60% by weight, preferably 40 to 55% by weight.
• aqueous dispersion of (co) polymer in step (A), preferably used aqueous dispersion of (co) polymer has a dynamic viscosity in the range of 50 to 500 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 70 to 290 mPa ⁇ s, measured at 25 ° C.
• Anionic polyurethanes in the context of the present invention are, for example, obtained by reacting one or more aromatic or preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates or diisocyanates with a polyether diol or several polyester diols.
• Suitable aromatic diisocyanates are for example 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,4 'MDI).
• Suitable aliphatic diisocyanates are, for example, hexamethylene diisocyanate and dodecamethylene diisocyanate.
• Suitable cycloaliphatic diisocyanates are, for example, 2,4'-methylene-bis (cyclohexyl) diisocyanate, 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate (H-TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and bis-4,4'-diisocyanate.
• cyclohexylmethylendiisocyanat Suitable polyester polyols are obtainable by polycondensation of one or more preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols or diols and one or more aromatic or preferably aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acids.
• Suitable aliphatic diols are, for example: ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, propylene glycol! (1, 2-propanediol), butylene glycol (1, 2-butanediol), neopentyl glycol.
• Suitable cycloaliphatic diols are, for example: cis-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, cis-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, trans-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol.
• Suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids are, for example, terephthalic acid, phthalic acid and especially isophthalic acid.
• Suitable aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are succinic acid, glutaric acid and, in particular, adipic acid.
• polyester polyols are obtainable, for example, by polycondensation of at least two different aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols with at least one aromatic or preferably aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, for example from isophthalic acid, adipic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or from adipic acid, neopentyl glycol and 1,6 hexanediol.
• particularly suitable polyester polyols have an acid number in the range from 10 to 200 mg KOH / g polyester polyol, determined according to DIN 53402.
• particularly suitable polyester polyols have a hydroxyl number in the range from 10 to 200 mg KOH / g polyester polyol, determined according to DIN 53240.
• (Co) polymers of (meth) acrylic acid-Ci-Ci O -Alkylestem and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid C 1 -Cio-Alkylestem with at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound are, for example, block copolymers and preferably random Copo ⁇ polymers copolymerized as comonomers contain: From 40 to 95% by weight, preferably from 50 to 90% by weight, of one or more (meth) acrylic acid C 1 -C 6 -alkyl esters, preferably (meth) acrylic acid C 4 -C 8 -alkyl esters, for example (meth) acrylic acid methyl ester, (meth ) ethyl acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid n-propyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid iso-propyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid n-decyl ester, preferably (meth) acrylic acid n-butyl ester, (meth
• ethylenically unsaturated compound selected from vinyl aromatic compounds such as ⁇ -Methylstyroi, para-methylstyrene, para-n-butylstyrene and in particular styrene, (meth) acrylonitrile , N-methylol (meth) acrylamide,
• Vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids for example vinyl propionate and insbe ⁇ special vinyl acetate.
• the copolymer in step (A) is composed of
• at least one (meth) acrylic acid C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ester preferably ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate
• from 0.1 to 10% by weight preferably 1 to 5 w
• a (co) polymer is a self-crosslinking (co) polymer, for example of one or more (meth) acrylic C r C 10 -alkyl esters with acrylic acid and N-methylol (meth) acrylamide.
• absorbent material is treated in step (A) with a mixture of at least two (co) polymers containing from 40 to 99.9% by weight of a thermally crosslinkable (co) polymer of (meth) acrylic acid-C r Ci 0 -alkyl esters with (meth) acrylic acid and optionally further ethylenically unsaturated compounds, and 0.1 to 60 wt .-% ani ⁇ onischem polyurethane, wherein in wt .-% in each case on the total weight of the respective melt or are related to the solids content of the dispersion in question.
• step (A) For contacting with at least one melt or preferably dispersion of at least one (co) polymer in step (A), it is possible, for example, to use be ⁇ known techniques of coating or finishing of paper and in particular of textile, preferably printing, application and in particular knife coating.
• step (A) is carried out by applying at least one (co) polymer in a layer thickness of from 10 to 50% TiW, preferably from 50 to 300 ⁇ m, onto absorbent material and, in particular, doctoring.
• step (A) to carry out step (A), at least one (co) polymer is applied to absorbent material in the range from 5 to 100 g / m 2 , preferably from 8 to 60 g / m 2 .
• step (A) If it is desired to treat in step (A) with at least one (co) polymer in the form of a dispersion which may be present, for example, as an emulsion or suspension, such a dispersion may comprise further ingredients, for example defoamers, biocides, thickeners, buffers, Binders and emulsifiers.
• a dispersion may comprise further ingredients, for example defoamers, biocides, thickeners, buffers, Binders and emulsifiers.
• Defoamers which may be mentioned by way of example are: up to 50 times alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated polysiloxanes having 3 to 10 silicon atoms per molecule, in particular alkoxylated 2- (3-hydroxypropyl) heptamethyltrisiloxanes which have up to 50 ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units per mole and preferably have a block of 7 to 20, preferably 7 to 12, ethylene oxide units and a block of 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 10 propylene oxide units.
• fungicides are exemplified, in particular 1, 2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (commercially available as Proxel brands of the Fa. Avecia Lim.) And its alkali metal metal salts, furthermore glutardialdehyde, tetramethylolacetylenediurea, 2-methoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole.
• thickeners thickeners of natural or synthetic origin may be mentioned.
• Suitable synthetic thickeners are poly (meth) acrylic compounds, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides and polyurethanes, in particular copolymers with 85 to 95% by weight of acrylic acid, 4 to 15% by weight of acrylamide and about 0.01 to 1% by weight .-% of the (meth) acrylamide derivative of the formula V
• M w molecular weights in the range of 100,000 to 200,000 g / mol, in which R 7 is methyl or preferably hydrogen.
• thickeners of natural origin include: agar-agar, carrageenan, modified starch and modified cellulose.
• buffers include, for example, ammonia / ammonium halide buffer, acetic acid / acetate buffer and citric acid / citrate buffer.
• Suitable emulsifiers are, for example, mono- to 50-fold alkoxylated, in particular ethoxylated, nC 10 -C 30 -alkanols and mono- to 50-times alkoxylated, in particular ethoxylated, alkylphenols.
• binders which may be mentioned are melamine-formaldehyde condensation products, for example melamine with preferably up to 6 equivalents of formaldehyde, and urea-glyoxal-formaldehyde condensation products of glyoxal with urea and 2 equivalents of formaldehyde.
• one or more crosslinking catalysts can be added as binder in addition to binders, for example Zn (NO 3 ) 2 or MgCl 2 , for example in the form of their hydrates, or NH 4 Cl
• the total amount of other ingredients mentioned above is in the range from 0.5 to 20% by weight to melt used in step (A) or preferably dispersion, preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%.
• step (A) Following the treatment of absorbent material with at least one melt or preferably dispersion of at least one (co) polymer in step (A), it is possible to thermally treat, for example, over a period of from 10 seconds to 60 minutes, preferably 0, 5 minutes to 7 minutes at Tem ⁇ temperatures in the range of 50 to 300 0 C, preferably 100 to 160 0 C, more preferably 110 to 13O 0 C thermally treated.
• Polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, modified polyester, polyester blend fabrics, polyamide blends, polyacrylonitrile, cotton are treated thermally advantageous at temperatures in the range of 130 to 250 ° C.
• Polypropylene fabric preferably between 80 and 130 0 C, preferably 110 and 130 0 C.
• the temperature in general, the temperature of the medium as spielmik air to understand, which surrounds the flexible substrate to be treated.
• absorbent material first with at least one melt or preferably dispersion of at least one (co) polymer selected from anionic polyurethanes, copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid C 1 -C 20 -alkyl esters and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid C 1 -C 4 -Alkyl esters with at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound, and then contact with one or more objects having a temperature of at least 45O 0 C or with one or more flames.
• at least one (co) polymer selected from anionic polyurethanes, copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid C 1 -C 20 -alkyl esters and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid C 1 -C 4 -Alkyl esters with at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound
• absorbent material treated after step (A) is also referred to as pretreated absorbent material.
• the further procedure is to treat pretreated absorbent material in step (B) following step (A) with at least one aqueous liquor containing (a) at least one organic polymer, (b) at least one organic or inorganic solid in particulate form, and
• aqueous liquors are to be understood as meaning those liquors which, based on the contents which are liquid at room temperature, may contain at least 5% by weight of water.
• aqueous liquors contain at least 25% by weight of water, more preferably at least 50% by weight and most preferably at least 75% by weight.
• the maximum water content, based on components which are liquid at room temperature, is 100% by weight, preferably 97% by weight, particularly preferably 95% by weight.
• Aqueous liquors used according to the invention may contain, in addition to water, organic solvents, for example methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-isobutyl ether, acetic acid, n-butanol, iso-butanol, n-hexanol and isomers, n-octanol and isomers, n-dodecanol and isomers.
• Organic solvents may constitute from 0.2 to 50% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 35% by weight, of the aqueous liquor used according to the invention.
• At least one of the liquors used in the process according to the invention contains at least one organic polymer (a).
• Organic polymers (a) can serve as binders.
• the effect of a binder may, for example, be such that the organic polymer (a) forms a film and bonds the particles together and to the absorbent and preferably textile material to be coated.
• At least one organic polymer (a) is polymers or copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomers which have a solubility in water of less than 1 g / l, determined at 25 ° C.
• hydrophobic monomers make up at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, of the copolymer.
• Preferred monomers are selected from the groups of C 2 -C 24 -olefins, in particular ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, for example ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-hexadecene or 1-octadecene;
• Vinyl aromatics such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, cis-stilbene, trans-stilbene, diolefins such as 1, 3-butadiene, cyclopentadiene, chloroprene or isoprene, C 5 -C-1 8-cycloolefins such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, norbornene, dimeric cyclopentadiene,
• Vinylester laurate of linear or branched C r C 2 o-alkane carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl n-butyrate, vinyl n-hexanoate, vinyl n-octanoate, vinyl and vinyl stearate,
• (Meth) acrylic esters of C r C 2 o-alcohols for example methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, iso-butyl (meth) acrylate), tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, n-decyl (meth) acrylate, n-dodecyl (meth) acrylate, n-eicosyl (meth) acrylate and most preferably from the groups of the halogenated monomers and the monomers with siloxane groups.
• Halogenated monomers include chlorinated olefins such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.
• halogenated monomers are fluorine-containing olefins such as, for example, vinylidene fluoride, trifluorochloroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinyl esters of fluorinated or perfluorinated C 3 -C 1 r carboxylic acids as described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 2,592,069 and 2,732,370
• copolymers of, for example, glycidyl (meth) acrylate with esters of the formula III are also copolymers of, for example, glycidyl (meth) acrylate with esters of the formula III
• R 4 is hydrogen, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , R is CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , x is an integer in the range from 4 to 12, very particularly preferably 6 to 8 y is a whole Number in the range of 1 to 11, preferably 1 to 6,
• copolymers are copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid esters of fluorinated or perfluorinated C 3 -C 12 -alkyl alcohols, for example HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -CF 3 , HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -C 2 F 5 , HO- CH 2 -CH 2 -nC 3 F 7 , HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -iso-C 3 F 7 , HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -> C 4 F 9 , HO-CHrCH 2 -PC 5 F 11 , HO-C-CHrCHrn ⁇ F 13, HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -nC 7 F 15; with (meth) acrylic esters of non-halogenated C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, for example methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth)
• R 6 is selected from
• C 1 -C 18 -AlkVl for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec.
• C 6 -C 4 -aryl for example phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4-phenanthryl and 9-
• Phenanthryl preferably phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl, particularly preferably phenyl
• C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclododecyl; preferred are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl or Si (CHs) 3 .
• a is an integer in the range of 2 to 10,000, especially up to 100.
• b is an integer in the range of 0 to 6, especially 1 to 2;
• suitable organic polymers are (a): polyethers such as, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuran; Polycaprolactone, polycarbonates, polyvinyl butyral, partially aromatic polyesters of aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids and / or aliphatic or aromatic dialcohols, for example polyesters, composed of aliphatic dialcohols having 2 to 18 carbon atoms such as ethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4 Butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol or bisphenol A, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, such as, for example, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and ⁇ , ⁇ -decanedicarboxylic acid;
• polyesters can be terminated, for example, with monoalcohols such as, for example, 4 to 12 C atoms, for example n-butanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, n-decanol or n-dodecanol.
• monoalcohols such as, for example, 4 to 12 C atoms, for example n-butanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, n-decanol or n-dodecanol.
• polyesters may be terminated, for example, with monocarboxylic acids such as, for example, stearic acid.
• suitable polymers (a) are melamine-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, N, N-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneureas, which may be etherified with CrC 5 -alcohols.
• the molecular weight of the organic polymer or polymers (a) can be chosen within wide ranges.
• the molecular weight M w (weight average) may be in the range from 1000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, preferably in the range from 2,500 to 5,000,000 g / mol, determined by at least one of the following methods: light scattering, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) , Viscometry. If one uses an organic polymer from the group of polyolefins, for example polyethylene, polypropylene or polyisobutene and copolymers of ethylene with propylene, butylene or 1-hexene, the molecular weight is advantageously in the range from 30,000 to 5,000,000 g / mol.
• the width of the molecular weight distribution is not critical per se and may be in the range of 1.1 to 20. It is usually in the range of 2 to 10.
• the proportion of or of the above-described organic polymers (a) may be at least 0.1 g / l of the aqueous liquor, preferably at least 1 g / l and more preferably at least 10 g / l.
• the maximum fraction is for example 500 g / l, preferably 250 g / l and particularly preferably 100 g / l.
• the organic polymer (s) (a) is not soluble in the aqueous liquor, with insoluble in the context of organic polymers in the context of the present invention meaning that less than 1 g / l in the room temperature Fleet are soluble, preferably less than 0.1 g / ⁇ .
• At least two different organic polymers (a) are used.
• At least one organic polymer (a) may be present in the form of particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m and particularly preferably up to 20 ⁇ m (median value, number average ).
• At least one of the aqueous liquors used in the process according to the invention contains an organic or inorganic solid (b) in particulate form which is different from the organic polymer (s) described above, for example in an amount of at least 5.5 g / l, preferably at least 7 g / l, particularly preferably at least 10 g / l.
• the maximum proportion may be about 150 g / l.
• Solid (b) may be inorganic or organic in nature, preferably inorganic.
• the organic or inorganic solid (b) is preferably hydrophobic.
• suitable materials are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene and polystyrene and copolymers thereof with each other or with one or more further olefins such as styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride or N-methylmaleimide.
• a preferred polyethylene or polypropylene is described, for example, in EP-A 0 761 696.
• Particularly suitable materials are inorganic materials, in particular solid inorganic oxides, carbonates, phosphates, silicates or sulfates of groups 3 to 14 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, for example calcium oxide, silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate or calcium silicate, with aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide being preferred , Particularly preferred is silica in its modification as silica gel. Very particular preference is given to pyrogenic silica gels.
• Solid inorganic oxides can be hydrophobic compounds thermally by heating to 400 to 800 0 C, or by Cred ⁇ Trains t physisorbed or chemisorbed organic or organometallic Ver ⁇ .
• particles are reacted before the coating step, for example, with organometallic compounds which contain at least one functional group, for example alkyllithium compounds such as methyllithium, n-butylithium or n-hexyllithium; or silanes such as hexamethyldisilazane, octyltrimethoxysilane and in particular halogenated silanes such as trimethylchlorosilane or dichlorodimethylsilane.
• organometallic compounds which contain at least one functional group
• alkyllithium compounds such as methyllithium, n-butylithium or n-hexyllithium
• silanes such as hexamethyldisilazane, octyltrimethoxysilane and in particular halogenated silanes such as trimethylchlorosilane or dichlorodimethylsilane.
• a mixture of hydrophobized solid inorganic oxide with corresponding non-hydrophobicized inorganic oxide is used, for example in proportions by weight of 100: 0 to 0: 100, preferably 99: 1 to 60: 40, particularly preferably 99: 1 to 80:20.
• Hydrophobic in connection with the hydrophobic solid (s) in particulate form is understood to mean that its solubility in water is below 1 g / l, preferably below 0.3 g / l, determined at room temperature.
• Inorganic solids may preferably be porous in nature.
• the porous structure can best be characterized by the BET surface area, measured in accordance with DIN 66131.
• Inorganic solids used may preferably have a BET surface area in the range from 5 to 1000 m 2 / g, preferably from 10 to 800 m 2 / g and particularly preferably from 20 to 500 m 2 / g.
• At least one of the hydrophobic solids is present in particulate form.
• the mean particle diameter (median value, number average) is at least 1 nm, preferably at least 3 nm and particularly preferably at least 6 nm.
• the maximum particle diameter (median value, number average) is 1000 nm, preferably 350 nm and particularly preferred 100 nm.
• To measure the particle diameter one can use common methods such as transmission electron microscopy.
• the weight ratio of organic polymer (a) to organic or inorganic solid (b) in particulate form is generally 9: 1 to 1: 9, preferably 4: 1 to 1: 4 and more preferably 7: 3 to 4: 6.
• At least one of the organic or inorganic solids (b) is present in the form of predominantly spherical particles, whereby it is intended to encompass those particulate solids of which at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 90% % By weight in spherical form and further particles may be present in granular form.
• At least one of the organic or inorganic solids (b) may form aggregates and / or agglomerates in particulate form.
• one or more organic or inorganic see solids (b) in the form of aggregates and / or agglomerates which may consist of 2 to several thousand primary particles and may in turn have spherical shape, the information on the shape and size of the particles the primary particles.
• At least one liquor used in the process according to the invention contains at least one emulsifier (c) selected, for example, from the group of ionic and nonionic emulsifiers.
• Suitable nonionic emulsifiers are, for example, ethoxylated mono-, di- and tri-alkylphenols (degree of ethoxylation: from 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 -C 12 ) and ethoxylated fatty alcohols (degree of ethoxylation: from 3 to 80, alkyl radical: C 8) -C 36 ).
• ethoxylated mono-, di- and tri-alkylphenols degree of ethoxylation: from 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 -C 12
• ethoxylated fatty alcohols degree of ethoxylation: from 3 to 80, alkyl radical: C 8 -C 36
• Lutensol ® grades from BASF AG or the Triton ® grades from Union Carbide.
• Suitable anionic emulsifiers are, for example, alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: C 8 to C 12 ), of sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated alkanoethylene (degree of ethoxylation: from 4 to 30, alkyl radical: C 12 -C 18 ) and ethoxylated alkylphenols (ethoxylation Degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 -C 12 ), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C 12 -C 18 ) and of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C 9 -C 8 ).
• alkyl sulfates alkyl radical: C 8 to C 12
• sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated alkanoethylene degree of ethoxylation: from 4 to 30, alkyl radical: C 12 -C 18
• ethoxylated alkylphenols ethoxylation Degree
• Suitable cationic emulsifiers are generally primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium salts containing C 6 -C 18 -alkyl, aralkyl or heterocyclic radicals, alkanolammonium salts, pyridinium salts, imidazolinium salts, oxa zolinium salts, morpholinium salts, thiazolinium salts and salts of amine oxides, quinolinium salts, isoquinolinium salts, tropylium salts, sulfonium salts and phosphonium salts.
• Examples which may be mentioned are dodecylammonium acetate or the corresponding hydrochloride, the chlorides or acetates of the various 2- ⁇ N, N, N-trimethylammonium) ethyl paraffins, ⁇ / -cetylpyridinium chloride, N-
• Numerous other examples can be found in H. Stumblee, Tensid-Taschenbuch, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff, Vienna, 1981, and in McCutcheon's, Emulsifiers & Detergents, MC Publishing Company, Glen Rock, 1989.
• Very particularly suitable emulsifiers are, for example, copolymers of ethylene and at least one .alpha.,. Beta.-unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid or at least one anhydride of an .alpha.,. Omega.-unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid Maleic acid, fumaric acid, methylenemalonic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride.
• the carboxyl groups may be partially or preferably completely neutralized, for example with alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium or amines, for example amines such as triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, methylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine , N- (n-butyl) diethanolamine or N, N-dimethylethanolamine.
• alkali metal ions alkaline earth metal ions
• ammonium or amines for example amines such as triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, methylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine , N- (n-butyl) diethanolamine or N, N-d
• Very particularly preferred emulsifiers are selected from emulsifiers of the general formula I.
• R 1 selected from C 6 -C 40 -alkyl, for example n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, n-heptyl, iso-
• n are the same or different and selected from integers in the range from 0 to 10, preferably 1 or 2 and particularly preferably 2,
• R 3 is the same or different and selected from hydrogen and
• C 6 -C 20 alkyl for example n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, n-heptyl, iso-heptyl, n-octyl, iso-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, iso-decyl, n-undecyl, n Dodecyl, iso-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, iso-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl; M alkali metal or ammonium.
• the proportion of emulsifier (c) can be selected within wide limits and can be 0.1 to 200 g / l, preferably 0.2 to 100 g / l and particularly preferably up to 50 g / l of aqueous liquor.
• Aqueous liquors used in step (B) may contain (d) at least one resin capable of crosslinking.
• Suitable resins (d) are melamine-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, N, N-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylenhamstoffe which may be etherified with Ci-C 5 -alcohols.
• aqueous liquor (B) can be added to one or more crosslinking catalysts in addition to resin (d), for example Zn (NO 3 ) 2 or MgCl 2 , for example in the form of their hydrates, or NH 4 Cl.
• Aqueous liquors used in step (B) may further contain one or more additions.
• aqueous liquors can be used to adjust the viscosity one or more thickeners, which may be, for example, of natural or synthetic origin.
• suitable synthetic thickeners are poly (meth) acrylic compounds, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides and polyurethanes, in particular copolymers with 85 to 95% by weight of acrylic acid, 4 to 15% by weight of acrylamide and about 0.01 to 1% by weight.
• M w molecular weights in the range of 100,000 to 200,000 g / mol, in which R 7 is methyl or preferably hydrogen.
• thickeners of natural origin include: agar-agar, carrageenan, modified starch and modified cellulose.
• thickener may be used, preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight and more preferably from 0.1 to 3% by weight.
• liquors used in the process according to the invention have a dynamic viscosity in the range from 50 to 5000 mPa.s, preferably from 100 to 4000 mPa.s and particularly preferably from 200 to 2000 mPa.s, measured, for example, with a Brookfield viscometer according to DIN 51562-1 to 4.
• Step (B) of the process according to the invention is carried out by treating absorbent material with at least one aqueous liquor. It is also possible to carry out several treatment steps with similar or different aqueous liquors.
• step (B) of the process according to the invention is carried out by first treating an absorbent material and in particular a textile with an aqueous liquor which contains at least one organic polymer (a) and furthermore an organic or preferably inorganic solid (b) in particulate form and at least one emulsifier (c) and then an ⁇ further treatment with a new aqueous liquor an ⁇ includes, the organic polymer (a) contains, but no further organic or inorganic solid (b) in particulate Shape.
• step (B) of the process according to the invention is carried out by first treating an absorbent material, and in particular a textile, with an aqueous liquor which contains at least one organic polymer (a) and furthermore an organic or preferred one inorganic solid (b) in particulate form and at least one emulsifier (c) and optionally at least one resin (d) followed by further treatment with a new aqueous liquor comprising another organic polymer (a) and at least one Emulsifier (c) contains, but no further organic or inorganic solid (b) in particulate form.
• step (B) of the process according to the invention is carried out by first treating the textile to be treated with an aqueous liquor containing at least one organic polymer (a) and furthermore an organic or preferably inorganic Solid (b) in particulate form and at least one emulsifier (c) followed by further treatment with a new aqueous liquor which contains no further polymer (a) but the inorganic solid (b) already used in the first step particulate form and at least one emulsifier (c) and optionally at least one resin (d).
• step (B) of the process according to the invention is carried out in such a way that the absorbent material to be treated and in particular textile with only one treated aqueous liquor containing at least one organic polymer (a) and further an organic or preferably inorganic solid (b) in particulate form and at least one emulsifier (c) and optionally at least one resin (d).
• the temperature for carrying out step (B) of the process according to the invention is not critical per se.
• the liquor temperature is in the gene may range from 10 to 80 0C lie ⁇ , preferably 15 to 50 0 C.
• Step (B) of the process according to the invention can be carried out with conventional machines which are used for the finishing of absorbent materials and in particular textiles, for example with one or more foulards.
• textile to be treated preference is given to fabrics with vertical textile infeed, which contain, as an essential element, two rollers which are pressed onto one another and through which the textile is guided. Above the rollers, the liquid is filled in and wets the textile. The pressure squeezes off the textile and ensures a constant application.
• textile is first passed through an immersion bath and then upwards by means of two rollers pressed onto one another. In the latter case one speaks also of foulards with vertical Textileinzug from below.
• a padder is used, which is operated with a textile feed in the range of 1 to 40 m / min, preferably up to 30 m / min.
• the liquor pickup can be chosen so that by step (B) of erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN process liquor uptake of 25 wt .-% to 85 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 70 wt .-% results.
• the liquor pick-up can be adjusted, for example, by applying pressure to the rollers of the foulard.
• Foam application of aqueous liquor with a padder In another embodiment of the present invention, a doctor blade application of aqueous liquor is combined with a padder. In another embodiment of the present invention, a spray application of aqueous liquor is combined with a padder. In a further embodiment of the present invention, a roll application of aqueous liquor with a padder is combined. After the treatment according to the invention, it is possible to dry the treated absorbent material and in particular textile according to methods customary in the textile industry.
• the treatment according to the invention it is possible to temper, in particular continuously or discontinuously.
• the duration of the heat treatment can be chosen within wide limits. Usually, one can over the duration of about 10 seconds to about 30 minutes, in particular 30 seconds to 5 minutes annealing.
• To carry out ei ⁇ ner annealing is heated to temperatures of up to 180 0 C, preferably up to 160 0 C. It is of course necessary, the temperature of the heat treatment to the Empfindlich ⁇ ness of the tissue to adapt.
• Suitable method for annealing is for example a hot air drying.
• Another suitable method of tempering uses one or more IR emitters.
• polyesters or polyamides to be treated by partial hydrolysis with strong alkali such as aqueous sodium hydroxide or Kalilau- 'ge 0.01 to 1 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-% of the fabric saponified.
• Another object of the present invention are absorbent materials and in particular textile, equipped by the method according to the invention.
• the absorbent materials according to the invention and in particular textiles are provided with one or more layers.
• the absorbent materials according to the invention and in particular textiles show particularly good dirt and water-repellent behavior.
• absorbent materials according to the invention and in particular textiles exhibit very good mechanical loading capacity.
• the solid or solids used are preferably isotropic or largely isotropically distributed over the finish layer, i. no measurable concentration difference is detected in the boundary layer between the finish layer and the surrounding atmosphere.
• absorbent materials according to the invention and in particular textiles contain 0.5 to 50 g / m 2 of coating, resulting from treatment with aqueous liquor, preferably 1 to 20 g / m 2 and more preferably 1, 5 to 17 g / m 2 .
• the invention will be illustrated by examples.
• Example 1.1 Pre-treatment of textiles by singeing (step A) Polyacrylonitrile fabric having a basis weight of 300 g / m 2 was pretreated on a machine Pyrotrop XIS (with 4 burners with propane gas and fire-extinguishing roll) from Xetma Gematex GmbH on the front and rear side by passing hot ceramics. Settings: goods speed 70 m / min, 6.5 m 3 / h and burner, gas pressure 60 mbar, air consumption 0.01 m 3 / h.
• step A Polyacrylonitrile fabric having a basis weight of 300 g / m 2 was pretreated on a machine Pyrotrop XIS (with 4 burners with propane gas and fire-extinguishing roll) from Xetma Gematex GmbH on the front and rear side by passing hot ceramics. Settings: goods speed 70 m / min, 6.5 m 3 / h and burner, gas pressure 60 mbar, air consumption 0.01 m 3 / h.
• Pre-treated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1 was obtained. In a study of pretreated polacrylonitrile fabric 1.1 according to DIN EN 24920, a grade of 1 was determined, that is, pretreated polacrylonitrile fabric 1.1 was completely wettable.
• pretreated polacrylonitrile tissue 1.1 did not show any hairs that protrude from the compensation plane.
• pretreated polacrylonitrile tissue 1.2 showed no hairs that protrude from the compensation plane.
• pretreated polacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 An examination of pretreated polacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 according to DIN EN 24920 determined a grade of 1, that is, pretreated polacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 was completely wettable.
• Example 2 Production of aqueous liquors
• Example 2.1 Preparation of the aqueous liquor B-2.1
• aqueous liquor B-2.2 which had a pH of 6.5, was obtained.
• aqueous liquor B-2.3 which had a pH of 6.5, was obtained.
• Example 2.4 Preparation of the aqueous liquor B-2.4 according to the invention
• Example 3 Equipment of pretreated textile Example 3.1. Treatment with aqueous liquor B-2.1
• Example 3.1.1 Treatment of pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1 (step B) Pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1 was treated with liquor B-2.1 on a padder (manufactured by Mathis, type no. HVF12085). The contact pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%. The application speed was 2 m / min. C was then net getrock ⁇ on a tenter frame at 120 0th The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 160 0 C in a convection oven in a drying oven. The treated polyacrylonitrile fabric PAN3.1.1 according to the invention was obtained.
• Example 3.1.2 Treatment of pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 (step B) Pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 was treated with liquor B-2.1 on a padder (manufacturer: Mathis, type no. HVF12085). The contact pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%. The application speed was 2 m / min. C was then net getrock ⁇ on a tenter frame at 120 0th The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 160 0 C in a convection oven in a drying oven. The treated polyacrylonitrile fabric PAN3.1.2 according to the invention was obtained.
• Example 3.2.1 Treatment of pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1
• Step B Pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1 was treated with Fleet B-2.2 on a padder (manufactured by Mathis, type no. HVF12085). The contact pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%. The application speed was 2 m / min. C was then net getrock ⁇ on a tenter frame at 120 0th The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 160 0 C in a convection oven in a drying oven. The treated polyacrylonitrile fabric PAN3.2.1 according to the invention was obtained.
• Example 3.2.2 Treatment of pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.2
• Step B Pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 was treated with Fleet B-2.2 on a padder (manufactured by Mathis, type no. HVF12085). The contact pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%. The application speed was 2 m / min. It was then dried at 120 ° C. on a tenter. The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 160 ° C. under circulating air in a drying cabinet. The treated polyacrylonitrile fabric PAN3.2.2 according to the invention was obtained.
• Example 3.3 Treatment with aqueous liquor B-2.3
• Example 3.3.1 Treatment of pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1
• step B Pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1 was treated with liquor B-2.3 on a padder (manufactured by Mathis, type no. HVF12085). The contact pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%. The application speed was 2 m / min. C was then net getrock- on a tenter at 12O 0th The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 16O 0 C under convection in a drying oven. The treated polyacrylonitrile fabric PAN3.3.1 according to the invention was obtained.
• Example 3.3.2 Treatment of pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 (step B) Pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 was treated with liquor B-2.3 on a padder (manufactured by Mathis, type no. HVF12085). The contact pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%. The application speed was 2 m / min. C was then net getrock ⁇ on a tenter frame at 120 0th The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 160 0 C in a convection oven in a drying oven. The treated polyacrylonitrile fabric PAN3.3.2 according to the invention was obtained.
• Example 3.4.1 Treatment of pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1
• Step B Pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.1 was treated with Fleet B-2.4 on a padder (manufactured by Mathis, type no. HVF12085). The contact pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%. The application speed was 2 m / min. C was then net getrock ⁇ on a tenter frame at 120 0th The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 160 0 C in a convection oven in a drying oven. The treated polyacrylonitrile fabric PAN3.4.1 according to the invention was obtained.
• Example 3.4.2 Treatment of pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.4
• Step B Pretreated polyacrylonitrile fabric 1.2 was treated with Fleet B-2.4 on a padder (manufactured by Mathis, type no. HVF12085). The contact pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%. The application speed was 2 m / min. It was then dried at 120 ° C. on a tenter. net. The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 160 0 C in a convection oven in a drying oven. The treated polyacrylonitrile fabric PAN3.4.2 according to the invention was obtained.
• Polyacrylonitrile fabric having a weight per unit area of 300 g / m 2 was treated with liquor B-2.1 on a padder (manufacturer Mathis, type no. HVF12085).
• the Anpress ⁇ pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%.
• the application speed was 2 m / min. It was then at 120 0 C on a
• An aqueous liquor V5.1 was prepared by reacting 68.1 g of an aqueous dispersion (20% by weight solids content) of a random copolymer of 10% by weight of methacrylic acid and 90% by weight of CH 2 C (CH 3 ) COO-CH 2 -CH 2 -nC 6 F 13 diluted to 1 liter with M n 3000 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography) with distilled water.
• Polyacrylonitrile fabric having a weight per unit area of 300 g / m 2 was treated with liquor V5.1 on a padder (manufacturer: Mathis, type no. HVF12085).
• the Anpress ⁇ pressure of the rollers was 2.6 bar. This resulted in a fleet intake of 60%.
• the application speed was 2 m / min. It was then dried at 120 0 C on a tenter. The final heat treatment was carried out over a period of 2 min at 160 0 C in a convection oven in a drying oven. Comparative web V5 was obtained.
• the water uptake after 60 minutes or 24 hours was determined by determining the weight of the fabric before and after the immersion of a tissue sample in demineralised water for 24 hours or 24 hours and tested according to Bundesmann, DIN 53888.
• the self-cleaning was investigated in accordance with DIN 24920 by the respective fabric with 0.5 g of a standard dirt, consisting of 50 wt .-% silica, 24 wt .-% olive oil, 24 wt .-% mineral oil and 2 wt .-%
• a standard dirt consisting of 50 wt .-% silica, 24 wt .-% olive oil, 24 wt .-% mineral oil and 2 wt .-%
• the carbon black was treated and subsequently rinsed off with 800 ml of water. Grades were awarded depending on the amount of dirt left (grade 1: very bad, grade 2: poor, grade 3: sufficient, grade 4: satisfactory, grade 5: good).

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