EP1775541A1 - Heat exchanger for a diagnostic X-ray generator with rotary anode type X-ray tube - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for a diagnostic X-ray generator with rotary anode type X-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1775541A1
EP1775541A1 EP06019776A EP06019776A EP1775541A1 EP 1775541 A1 EP1775541 A1 EP 1775541A1 EP 06019776 A EP06019776 A EP 06019776A EP 06019776 A EP06019776 A EP 06019776A EP 1775541 A1 EP1775541 A1 EP 1775541A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
ray
rotary anode
oil
flange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP06019776A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Hörndler
Peter Schwarzbauer
Michael Günther
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ziehm Imaging GmbH
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Ziehm Imaging GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ziehm Imaging GmbH filed Critical Ziehm Imaging GmbH
Publication of EP1775541A1 publication Critical patent/EP1775541A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F28F13/125—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation by stirring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
    • F28F2245/06—Coatings; Surface treatments having particular radiating, reflecting or absorbing features, e.g. for improving heat transfer by radiation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger for a single-boiler generator of an X-ray diagnostic device with a rotary anode tube with glass housing.
  • Heat exchangers for oil-filled single-boiler generators of X-ray diagnostic equipment are, for example, from German Offenlegungsschriften DE10222267A1 and DE 10342435A1 known.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved heat exchanger for a single-boiler generator of an X-ray diagnostic device with a rotary anode tube with glass housing, the heat loss performance of the anode plate in high-performance operation effectively transported away from the generator boiler.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a coolant through which flows heat exchanger in the oil filling of the generator vessel, which is arranged at a small distance from the rotary anode X-ray tube made of glass is, this largely encloses and on the side facing away from the tube carries a lead shield.
  • the heat exchanger and the lead shield In the area of the radiation exit window of the x-ray tube, the heat exchanger and the lead shield have windows for the passage of the x-ray beam.
  • a circulation pump inside the generator boiler ensures that the insulating oil in the generator boiler is continuously circulated, especially in the area between the X-ray tube and the heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger according to the invention (10) with a rotary anode tube (1) in the oil filling (21) of a generator boiler (20) is shown schematically.
  • the rotary anode tube (1) has an evacuated glass case (9) through which the cathode terminals (3) and the anode terminal (8) are passed.
  • An electron beam (6) generated in an electron gun (2) impinges on an anode plate (4) rotated by a rotary anode drive (5). From the anode focal spot X-ray radiation is emitted, which leaves in the form of the X-ray beam (7) the tube.
  • a heat exchanger (10) is arranged, which encloses the rotary anode tube (1) largely and by a coolant, preferably water, flows through.
  • the heat exchanger (10) optionally consists of a coiled to a cylinder coil, which is soldered or otherwise fixed against displacement of the windings or from a double-walled cylinder containing a guide device (13) for guiding the coolant flow in the space between the two walls.
  • the rotary anode tube (1) facing inside (25) of the heat exchanger (10) is preferably coated with a layer that absorbs heat radiation well, for example a black chrome layer.
  • the coolant is passed through a flow (11) in the generator boiler and fed via a return of a cooling device, not shown.
  • the anode-side end of the heat exchanger (10) carries a flange (23) which holds the anode connection (8).
  • the flange (23) has a plurality of cutouts (24, 24 ') which only slightly hinder the oil flow generated by the circulating pump (22).
  • the flange (23) is held adjustable on the wall of the generator bowl (20).
  • the heat exchanger (10) is coated on its outside with an X-ray shield (14) and (15).
  • a lead sheet is wound around the heat exchanger (10); the outer shield (15) may be made of a material (for example, copper), if necessary, which absorbs the characteristic X-ray radiation of the inner lead shield and ensures the mechanical stability of the lead shield.
  • an insulator with a high infrared radiation transmittance is optionally arranged in the space between the rotary anode tube 1 and the inside (25) of the heat exchanger (10), in particular in the region of the cathode connections (3) In the region of the window (16) has an opening for the X-ray beam (17).
  • the circulation pump (22) By the circulation pump (22), the heat loss of electrical and electronic components in the generator boiler (20) with the flow of oil introduced the heat exchanger (10) and transported away via the coolant.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Abstract

The heat exchanger has a double-walled metallic body that is provided, where a cooling medium flows through the metallic body. The metallic body encircles a rotary anode tube (1) in a distance of less than 20 millimeter in the region of an anode plate, where an inner side of the metallic body is provided with an infrared absorbing coating. The inner side is broken by a window (16) for an X-ray utilizable bundle (17). A circulation pump (22) forces a flow of oil at boundary surfaces of the heat exchanger for oil filling (21).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher für einen Einkessel-Generator einer Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung mit einer Drehanodenröhre mit Glasgehäuse.
Wärmetauscher für ölgefüllte Einkessel-Generatoren von Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtungen sind beispielsweise aus den deutschen Offenlegungsschriften DE10222267A1 und DE 10342435A1 bekannt. Dabei wird die Verlustleistung einer Röntgenröhre und der dazu gehörigen Generatorschaltung von einem in der Ölfüllung angeordneten Wärmetauscher, beispielsweise in Form einer Rohrspirale, mittels eines Kühlmittelkreislaufes aus dem Generatorkessel abgeführt. Derartige Anordnungen von Wärmetauschern haben sich bei der Verwendung von Stehanoden-Röntgenröhren bewährt, bei denen nahezu die gesamte Röhrenverlustleistung über Wärmeleitung innerhalb der Stehanode an die umgebende Ölfüllung des Generators abgeführt wird. Wird jedoch in einem Einkesselgenerator eine Drehanodenröhre mit einem Glasgehäuse mit einem Mehrfachen der Leistung einer Stehanodenröhre verwendet, so wird im Hochlastbetrieb der Drehanodenröhre der größte Teil der Verlustleistung durch Wärmestrahlung des glühenden Anodentellers an das das Glasgehäuse der Drehanodenröhre umgebenden Mediums abgeführt. Die kompakte Anordnung von elektronischen Bauteilen in einem Generatorkessel führt dazu, daß Bauteile in der Nähe der Anode der Drehanodenröhre durch die Wärmestrahlung der Anode aufgeheizt werden.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for a single-boiler generator of an X-ray diagnostic device with a rotary anode tube with glass housing.
Heat exchangers for oil-filled single-boiler generators of X-ray diagnostic equipment are, for example, from German Offenlegungsschriften DE10222267A1 and DE 10342435A1 known. In this case, the power loss of an X-ray tube and the associated generator circuit from a arranged in the oil heat exchanger, for example in the form of a pipe spiral, removed by means of a coolant circuit from the generator boiler. Such arrangements of heat exchangers have been proven in the use of Stehanoden-X-ray tubes, in which almost all of the tube power loss is dissipated via heat conduction within the stator anode to the surrounding oil filling of the generator. However, if a rotary anode tube having a glass housing with a multiple of the power of a standing anode tube is used in a single-cell generator, in high-load operation of the rotary anode tube, most of the power dissipation is dissipated by thermal radiation of the glowing anode plate to the medium surrounding the glass housing of the rotary anode tube. The compact arrangement of electronic components in a generator boiler causes components in the vicinity of the anode of the rotary anode tube to be heated by the heat radiation of the anode.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen verbesserten Wärmetauscher für einen Einkessel-Generator einer Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung mit einer Drehanodenröhre mit Glasgehäuse zu schaffen, der Wärmeverlustleistung des Anodentellers im Hochleistungsbetrieb effektiv aus dem Generatorkessel abtransportiert.The object of the invention is to provide an improved heat exchanger for a single-boiler generator of an X-ray diagnostic device with a rotary anode tube with glass housing, the heat loss performance of the anode plate in high-performance operation effectively transported away from the generator boiler.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch einen Kühlmittel durchströmten Wärmetauscher in der Ölfüllung des Generatorkessels gelöst, der in geringem Abstand zu der Drehanodenröntgenröhre aus Glas angeordnet ist, diese großenteils umschließt und an der der Röhre abgewandten Seite eine Bleiabschirmung trägt. Im Bereich des Strahlenaustrittsfensters der Röntgenröhre weisen der Wärmetauscher und die Bleiabschirmung Fenster zum Durchlaß des Röntgenstrahlen-Nutzbündels auf. Eine Umwälzpumpe im Inneren des Generatorkessels sorgt für eine ständige Umwälzung des Isolieröls im Generatorkessel, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen der Röntgenröhre und dem Wärmetauscher.The object of the invention is achieved by a coolant through which flows heat exchanger in the oil filling of the generator vessel, which is arranged at a small distance from the rotary anode X-ray tube made of glass is, this largely encloses and on the side facing away from the tube carries a lead shield. In the area of the radiation exit window of the x-ray tube, the heat exchanger and the lead shield have windows for the passage of the x-ray beam. A circulation pump inside the generator boiler ensures that the insulating oil in the generator boiler is continuously circulated, especially in the area between the X-ray tube and the heat exchanger.

Die Erfindung wird an Hand der Abbildung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figure.

In Fig. 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäßer Wärmetauscher (10) mit einer Drehanodenröhre (1) in der Ölfüllung (21) eines Generatorkessels (20) schematisch dargestellt. Die Drehanodenröhre (1) weist ein evakuiertes Glasgehäuse (9) auf, durch das die Kathodenanschlüsse (3) und der Anodenanschluß (8) durchgeführt sind. Ein in einer Elektronenkanone (2) erzeugter Elektronenstrahl (6) trifft auf einen durch einen Drehanodenantrieb (5) in Rotation versetzten Anodenteller (4). Vom Anodenbrennfleck wird Röntgenstrahlung emittiert, die in Form des Röntgenstrahlen-Nutzbündels (7) die Röhre verläßt. Durch das Abbremsen der beschleunigten Elektronen im Anodenteller (4) wird in diesen während des Betriebs der Röntgenröhre Energie eingebracht, die zu einer Aufheizung der Anode auf Temperaturen über 1000 Grad Celsius führt. Die im Anodenteller (4) gespeicherte thermische Energie wird größtenteils durch Wärmestrahlung abgestrahlt. In geringem Abstand zu der Drehanodenröhre ist ein Wärmetauscher (10) angeordnet, der die Drehanodenröhre (1) großenteils umschließt und von einem Kühlmittel, vorzugsweise Wasser, durchströmt wird. Der Wärmetauscher (10) besteht wahlweise aus einer zu einem Zylinder gewickelten Rohrschlange, die verlötet oder anderweitig gegen Verschiebung der Windungen fixiert ist oder aus einem doppelwandigen Zylinder, der im Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Wandungen eine Leitvorrichtung (13) zum Führen des Kühlmittelstromes enthält. Die der Drehanodenröhre (1) zugewandte Innenseite (25) des Wärmetauschers (10) ist vorzugsweise mit einer Schicht beschichtet, die Wärmestrahlung gut absorbiert, beispielsweise eine Schwarzchromschicht. Das Kühlmittel wird über einen Vorlauf (11) in den Generatorkessel geführt und über einen Rücklauf einer nicht dargestellten Kühleinrichtung zugeführt.In Fig. 1, a heat exchanger according to the invention (10) with a rotary anode tube (1) in the oil filling (21) of a generator boiler (20) is shown schematically. The rotary anode tube (1) has an evacuated glass case (9) through which the cathode terminals (3) and the anode terminal (8) are passed. An electron beam (6) generated in an electron gun (2) impinges on an anode plate (4) rotated by a rotary anode drive (5). From the anode focal spot X-ray radiation is emitted, which leaves in the form of the X-ray beam (7) the tube. By braking the accelerated electrons in the anode plate (4) energy is introduced into these during operation of the X-ray tube, which leads to a heating of the anode to temperatures above 1000 degrees Celsius. The stored in the anode plate (4) thermal energy is largely radiated by thermal radiation. At a small distance from the rotary anode tube, a heat exchanger (10) is arranged, which encloses the rotary anode tube (1) largely and by a coolant, preferably water, flows through. The heat exchanger (10) optionally consists of a coiled to a cylinder coil, which is soldered or otherwise fixed against displacement of the windings or from a double-walled cylinder containing a guide device (13) for guiding the coolant flow in the space between the two walls. The rotary anode tube (1) facing inside (25) of the heat exchanger (10) is preferably coated with a layer that absorbs heat radiation well, for example a black chrome layer. The coolant is passed through a flow (11) in the generator boiler and fed via a return of a cooling device, not shown.

Das anodenseitige Ende des Wärmetauschers (10) trägt einen Flansch (23), der den Anodenanschluss (8) hält. Der Flansch (23) weist mehrere Ausschnitte (24, 24') auf, die die durch die Umwälzpumpe (22) erzeugte Ölströmung nur wenig behindert. Der Flansch (23), ist an der Wand des Generatorkessels (20) justierbar gehalten.The anode-side end of the heat exchanger (10) carries a flange (23) which holds the anode connection (8). The flange (23) has a plurality of cutouts (24, 24 ') which only slightly hinder the oil flow generated by the circulating pump (22). The flange (23) is held adjustable on the wall of the generator bowl (20).

Der Wärmetauscher (10) ist auf seiner Außenseite mit einer Röntgenstrahlen-Abschirmung (14) und (15) ummantelt. Vorzugsweise wird ein Bleiblech um den Wärmetauscher (10) gewickelt; die äußere Abschirmung (15) kann bei Bedarf aus einem Material bestehen (beispielsweise Kupfer), das die charakteristische Röntgenstrahlung der inneren Bleiabschirmung absorbiert und die mechanische Stabilität der Bleiabschirmung sicherstellt.The heat exchanger (10) is coated on its outside with an X-ray shield (14) and (15). Preferably, a lead sheet is wound around the heat exchanger (10); the outer shield (15) may be made of a material (for example, copper), if necessary, which absorbs the characteristic X-ray radiation of the inner lead shield and ensures the mechanical stability of the lead shield.

In dem Wärmetauscher (10) und in den Abschirmungen (14, 15) sind Fenster (16, 17) für das Röntgenstrahlen-Nutzbündel (17) vorgesehen. Zur Verbesserung der Spannungsfestigkeit der Anordnung in Fig. 1 ist im Zwischenraum zwischen der Drehanodenröhre 1 und der Innenseite (25) des Wärmetauschers (10), insbesondere im Bereich der Kathodenanschlüsse (3) wahlweise ein Isolator mit einer hohen Durchlässigkeit für Infrarotstrahlung angeordnet, der gegebenenfalls im Bereich des Fensters (16) einen Durchbruch für das Röntgenstrahlen-Nutzbündel (17) aufweist.In the heat exchanger (10) and in the shields (14, 15) windows (16, 17) for the X-ray beam (17) are provided. In order to improve the dielectric strength of the arrangement in FIG. 1, an insulator with a high infrared radiation transmittance is optionally arranged in the space between the rotary anode tube 1 and the inside (25) of the heat exchanger (10), in particular in the region of the cathode connections (3) In the region of the window (16) has an opening for the X-ray beam (17).

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung des Wärmetauschers (10) im Generatorkessel (20) wird die Aufheizung von nicht dargestellten Schaltungselementen im Generatorkessel (20) durch die Infrarotstrahlung des Anodentellers wirkungsvoll verhindert. Durch die Umwälzpumpe (22) wird die Verlustwärme von elektrischen und elektronischen Bauteilen im Generatorkessel (20) mit der Ölströmung an den Wärmetauscher (10) herangeführt und über das Kühlmittel abtransportiert.The inventive arrangement of the heat exchanger (10) in the generator armature (20), the heating of circuit elements not shown in the generator armature (20) is effectively prevented by the infrared radiation of the anode plate. By the circulation pump (22), the heat loss of electrical and electronic components in the generator boiler (20) with the flow of oil introduced the heat exchanger (10) and transported away via the coolant.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
DrehanodenröhreRotating anode tube
22
Elektronenkanoneelectron gun
33
Kathodenanschlüssecathode terminals
44
Anodentelleranode plate
55
DrehanodenantriebRotating anode drive
66
Elektronenstrahlelectron beam
77
Röntgenstrahlen-NutzbündelX-bearing burst
88th
Anodenanschlussanode
99
Glasgehäuseglass case
1010
Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
1111
Vorlaufleader
1212
Rücklaufreturns
1313
Leitvorrichtungguide
1414
Abschirmungshielding
1515
Abschirmungshielding
1616
Fensterwindow
1717
Fensterwindow
2020
Generatorkesselgenerating boilers
2121
Ölfüllungoil filling
2222
Umwälzpumpecirculating pump
2323
Flanschflange
24, 24'24, 24 '
Ausschnittneckline
2525
Innenseiteinside

Claims (5)

Wärmetauscher für einen Öl gefüllten Einkessel-Generator einer Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung mit einer Drehanodenröhre mit Glasgehäuse,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmetauscher aus einem doppelwandigen, Kühlmittel durchströmten metallischen Körper besteht, der die Drehanodenröhre (1) im Bereich des Anodentellers in einem Abstand von weniger als 20 mm umgibt und dessen Innenseite (25) mit einer Infrarotstrahlung absorbierenden Beschichtung versehen ist und lediglich von einem Fenster (16) für das Röntgenstrahlen-Nutzbündel (17) durchbrochen ist und daß eine Umwälzpumpe 22 eine Strömung des Öls der Ölfüllung (21) an den Grenzflächen des Wärmetauschers (10 zur Ölfüllung (21) erzwingt.Heat exchanger for an oil-filled single-boiler generator of an X-ray diagnostic device with a rotating anode tube with glass housing,
characterized in that the heat exchanger consists of a double-walled, coolant-flowed metallic body which surrounds the rotary anode tube (1) in the region of the anode plate at a distance of less than 20 mm and the inside (25) is provided with an infrared radiation absorbing coating and only from a window (16) for the X-ray beam (17) is broken and that a circulation pump 22, a flow of the oil of the oil filling (21) at the interfaces of the heat exchanger (10 for oil filling (21) forces. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmetauscher auf seiner Außenseite eine Abschirmung (14, 15) für die nicht nutzbare Röntgenstrahlung trägt und daß in der Abschirmung (14, 15) ein Fenster (17) für das Röntgenstrahlen-Nutzbündel (7) vorgesehen ist.Heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized in that the heat exchanger carries on its outside a shield (14, 15) for the unusable X-radiation and in that in the shield (14, 15) a window (17) for the X-ray beam (7) is provided. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1-2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehanodenröhre (1) am Anodenanschluß (8) durch einen Flansch (23) an dem Wärmetauscher (10) gehalten ist und daß der Flansch (23) Ausschnitte (24, 24') aufweist, die eine Ölströmung durch senkrecht zur Fläche des Flansches (23) ermöglicht.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1-2,
characterized in that the rotary anode tube (1) is retained on the anode connector (8) by a flange (23) on the heat exchanger (10) and the flange (23) has cutouts (24, 24 ') which allow oil flow through perpendicular to the Surface of the flange (23) allows. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Zwischenraum zwischen der Drehanodenröhre (1) und der Innenseite (25) des Wärmetauschers (10) im Bereich der Kathodenanschlüsse (3) ein Infrarotstrahlung durchlässiger elektrischer Isolator angeordnet ist.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1-3,
characterized in that in the space between the rotary anode tube (1) and the inside (25) of the heat exchanger (10) in the region of the cathode terminals (3) an infrared radiation permeable electrical insulator is arranged. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flansch (23) justierbar an der Wand des Generatorkessels (20) gehalten ist.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1-4,
characterized in that the flange (23) is adjustably held on the wall of the generator vessel (20).
EP06019776A 2005-10-15 2006-09-21 Heat exchanger for a diagnostic X-ray generator with rotary anode type X-ray tube Withdrawn EP1775541A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005049455A DE102005049455B4 (en) 2005-10-15 2005-10-15 Heat exchanger for a single-boiler generator of an X-ray diagnostic device with a rotary anode tube with glass housing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1775541A1 true EP1775541A1 (en) 2007-04-18

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EP06019776A Withdrawn EP1775541A1 (en) 2005-10-15 2006-09-21 Heat exchanger for a diagnostic X-ray generator with rotary anode type X-ray tube

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US (1) US7499525B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1775541A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102005049455B4 (en)

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DE102005049455A1 (en) 2007-04-19
US20070140430A1 (en) 2007-06-21
DE102005049455B4 (en) 2007-11-22

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