EP0059238A1 - X-ray tube - Google Patents

X-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059238A1
EP0059238A1 EP81108428A EP81108428A EP0059238A1 EP 0059238 A1 EP0059238 A1 EP 0059238A1 EP 81108428 A EP81108428 A EP 81108428A EP 81108428 A EP81108428 A EP 81108428A EP 0059238 A1 EP0059238 A1 EP 0059238A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anode
tube
cathode
tube according
shield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81108428A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0059238B1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Dipl.-Phys. Friedel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT81108428T priority Critical patent/ATE17802T1/en
Publication of EP0059238A1 publication Critical patent/EP0059238A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0059238B1 publication Critical patent/EP0059238B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/16—Vessels
    • H01J2235/165—Shielding arrangements
    • H01J2235/168—Shielding arrangements against charged particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an x-ray tube according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • x-ray tubes are known, for example, from the publication "On the history of medical x-ray tubes” by F. Prellwitz from Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Medical Technology Area, Erlangen, order number MR 71/1524, printed in the Federal Republic of Germany SD 06792.5.
  • the tube housing and the shield were at the same potential, so that a breakdown through the glass tube bulb was largely prevented.
  • the shield caught electrons, which led to a deterioration of the achievable X-ray beam.
  • a difficult and expensive glass technology was necessary on the one hand, and on the other hand with today's high tube outputs and tube energies the inevitably largely thermally insulated shielding is inadmissibly heated with this construction.
  • the object of the invention is to enable an x-ray tube according to the preamble of claim 1 in addition to an improvement in the dielectric strength and a manufacturing-friendly structure focal near blanking and to achieve increased anode resilience. This object is achieved by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the solution to the above problem is that a larger part of the backscattered electrons than known tubes is withdrawn from the focal spot, thereby the anode load increases.
  • the proportion of extravocal radiation in the useful beam is reduced.
  • a very close-to-focus blanking of the radiation cone is possible because the potential difference between the screen and the anode is smaller and therefore the distance between the focus and the aperture can be smaller than in previously used arrangements.
  • the shielding according to the invention can advantageously be held on a metal ring which is concentric with the discharge space.
  • the metal ring can carry an insulating part at one end to which the cathode is attached and an insulating part at its other end which carries the anode.
  • the insulating parts can be made of glass, so that the usual glass blowing technique can be used.
  • the shield usually takes the form of a cylinder, which encloses both the cathode and the anode.
  • the resulting largely metallic discharge space prevents the glass wall of the tube bulb from being hit by electrons and metal vapor deposits.
  • long insulation distances are guaranteed, which guarantee high resistance to high voltages.
  • a rotating anode X-ray tube 1 shown in section 2 denotes a metal ring made of Vacon, which has the shape of an approximately 15 mm long piece of pipe, the wall of which is 1 mm thick and which is connected at one end to a glass part 3, on the inside of which a cathode arrangement 4 is attached.
  • the metal ring carries a glass part 5, which has at its end an anode assembly 6, which consists of an anode plate 7, which carries a rotor 9 via an axis 8, which connects to the connection piece fixed to the glass part 5 10.
  • a shield 11 is attached, which is fixed in the tube 1 via holding connections 12.
  • a copper (Cu) sheet which is 1.5 mm thick is used as shielding.
  • Other sheets, such as those made of nickel or stainless steel are suitable if they are stable under the conditions in the tube.
  • a heating current is applied between lines 20 and 21 in a manner known per se, which causes the cathode 22 to glow.
  • the tube voltage is applied to the tube via one of the lines 20 or 21 and the connector 10, so that an electron current 23 strikes a focal spot path 24 of the anode plate 7.
  • an X-ray cone 25 is generated, which emerges through a window 26 in the shield 11 and a window 27 in the tube bulb.
  • the two windows 26 and 27 advantageously consist of beryllium and represent 0.5 mm thick foils which are inserted into corresponding openings in the shield 11 or the wall 5 of the glass bulb part.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

In an exemplary embodiment, a metallic shield for the discharge space between the cathode and the anode is connected to a potential which is greater than half the tube voltage and smaller than the entire tube voltage. What is achieved thereby is that backscatter electrons from the focal spot space are withdrawn and the anode load carrying capacity is thereby increased, and that the outside-of-focus component of the radiation is reduced as well. Moreover, a very close-to-focus definition or collimation of the cone of rays is possible. X-ray tubes according to the disclosure are particularly applicable in medical X-ray diagnostics.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Röntgenröhre nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Derartige Röntgenröhren sind etwa bekannt aus der Druckschrift "Zur Geschichte der medizinischen Röntgenröhren" von F.Prellwitz der Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Bereich Medizinische Technik, Erlangen, Bestellnummer MR 71/1524, printed in the Federal Republic of Germany SD 06792.5.The invention relates to an x-ray tube according to the preamble of claim 1. Such x-ray tubes are known, for example, from the publication "On the history of medical x-ray tubes" by F. Prellwitz from Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Medical Technology Area, Erlangen, order number MR 71/1524, printed in the Federal Republic of Germany SD 06792.5.

Bei der bekannten Röhre befanden sich das Röhrengehäuse und die Abschirmung auf dem gleichen Potential, so daß ein Durchschlag durch den gläsernen Röhrenkolben weitgehend verhindert worden ist. Außerdem wurden durch die Abschirmung Elektronen aufgefangen, die zu einer Verschlechterung des erzielbaren Röntgenstrahlenbündels führten. Dabei war aber nachteilig, daß einmal eine schwierige und teuere Glastechnologie notwendig war und andererseits bei heute gebräuchlichen hohen Röhrenleistungen und Röhrenenergien die bei dieser Bauweise zwangsläufig thermisch weitgehend isolierte Abschirmung unzulässig hoch erhitzt wird.In the known tube, the tube housing and the shield were at the same potential, so that a breakdown through the glass tube bulb was largely prevented. In addition, the shield caught electrons, which led to a deterioration of the achievable X-ray beam. However, it was disadvantageous that a difficult and expensive glass technology was necessary on the one hand, and on the other hand with today's high tube outputs and tube energies the inevitably largely thermally insulated shielding is inadmissibly heated with this construction.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei einer Röntgenröhre nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 neben einer Verbesserung der Spannungsfestigkeit und einem fertigungsfreundlichen Aufbau fokusnahe Ausblendung zu ermöglichen und eine erhöhte-Anodenbelastbarkeit zu erreichen. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The object of the invention is to enable an x-ray tube according to the preamble of claim 1 in addition to an improvement in the dielectric strength and a manufacturing-friendly structure focal near blanking and to achieve increased anode resilience. This object is achieved by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous further developments and refinements of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Durch die Verwendung einer Abschirmung, die auf ein Potential gelegt ist, welches größer als die halbe Röhrenspannung, aber kleiner als das Anodenpotential ist, ergibt sich in Lösung obengenannter Aufgabe, daß ein gegenüber bekannten Röhren größerer Teil der Rückstreuelektronen aus dem Brennfleck abgezogen wird, wodurch die Anodenbelastbarkeit sich erhöht. Außerdem wird der Anteil an Extravokalstrahlung im Nutzstrahlenbündel verringert. Weiterhin ist eine sehr fokusnahe Ausblendung des Strahlenkegels möglich, weil der Potentialunterschied zwischen Schirm und Anode geringer ist und daher der Abstand zwischen Fokus und Blende kleiner sein kann als bei bisher verwendeten Anordnungen.By using a shield which is connected to a potential which is greater than half the tube voltage but less than the anode potential, the solution to the above problem is that a larger part of the backscattered electrons than known tubes is withdrawn from the focal spot, thereby the anode load increases. In addition, the proportion of extravocal radiation in the useful beam is reduced. Furthermore, a very close-to-focus blanking of the radiation cone is possible because the potential difference between the screen and the anode is smaller and therefore the distance between the focus and the aperture can be smaller than in previously used arrangements.

In vorteilhafter Weise kann die erfindungsgemäße Abschirmung an einem Metallring gehaltert sein, der konzentrisch zum Entladungsraum liegt. Der Metallring kann an seinem einen Ende einen Isolierteil tragen, an welchem die Kathode befestigt ist, und an seinem anderen ein Isolierteil, welches die Anode trägt. Unter Verwendung bekannter vorteilhafter Techniken können die Isolierteile aus Glas bestehen, so daß die übliche Glasblastechnik verwendbar ist.The shielding according to the invention can advantageously be held on a metal ring which is concentric with the discharge space. The metal ring can carry an insulating part at one end to which the cathode is attached and an insulating part at its other end which carries the anode. Using known advantageous techniques, the insulating parts can be made of glass, so that the usual glass blowing technique can be used.

Die Abschirmung erhält in der Regel die Form eines Zylinders, der sowohl die Kathode als auch die Anode umschließt. Der dadurch entstehende, weitgehend metallisch begrenzte Entladungsraum verhindert, daß die gläserne Wand des Röhrenkolbens von Elektronen und Aufdampfungen aus Metall getroffen wird. Außerdem bleiben lange Isolationsstrecken erhalten, die große Hochspannungsfestigkeit garantieren.The shield usually takes the form of a cylinder, which encloses both the cathode and the anode. The resulting largely metallic discharge space prevents the glass wall of the tube bulb from being hit by electrons and metal vapor deposits. In addition, long insulation distances are guaranteed, which guarantee high resistance to high voltages.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert.Further details and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing.

An dem im Schnitt gezeichneten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Drehanodenröntgenröhre 1 ist mit 2 ein Metallring aus Vacon bezeichnet, der die Form eines ca. 15 mm langen Rohrstückes hat, dessen Wand 1 mm stark ist und der an seinem einen Ende mit einem gläsernen Teil 3 verbunden ist, an dessen Innenseite eine Kathodenanordnung 4 angebracht ist. An seinem anderen Ende trägt der Metallring ein gläsernes Teil 5, welches an seinem Ende eine Anodenanordnung 6 aufweist, die aus einem Anodenteller 7 besteht, der über eine Achse 8 einen Rotor 9 trägt, der die Verbindung zu dem fest am gläsernen Teil 5 angebrachten Anschlußstutzen 10 darstellt. An der Innenseite des Ringes 2 ist eine Abschirmung 11 angebracht, die über haltende Verbindungen 12 in der Röhre 1 fixiert ist. Als Abschirmung wird im vorliegenden Beispiel ein Kupfer(Cu)blech verwendet, welches 1,5 mm dick ist. Auch andere Bleche, wie z.B. solche aus Nickel oder Edelstahl, sind geeignet, wenn sie bei den Bedingungen in der Röhre beständig sind.In the exemplary embodiment of a rotating anode X-ray tube 1 shown in section, 2 denotes a metal ring made of Vacon, which has the shape of an approximately 15 mm long piece of pipe, the wall of which is 1 mm thick and which is connected at one end to a glass part 3, on the inside of which a cathode arrangement 4 is attached. At its other end, the metal ring carries a glass part 5, which has at its end an anode assembly 6, which consists of an anode plate 7, which carries a rotor 9 via an axis 8, which connects to the connection piece fixed to the glass part 5 10. On the inside of the ring 2, a shield 11 is attached, which is fixed in the tube 1 via holding connections 12. In the present example, a copper (Cu) sheet which is 1.5 mm thick is used as shielding. Other sheets, such as those made of nickel or stainless steel are suitable if they are stable under the conditions in the tube.

Zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlen wird in an sich bekannter Weise zwischen Leitungen 20 und 21 ein Heizstrom angelegt, welcher die Kathode 22 zum Glühen bringt. Außerdem wird über eine der Leitungen 20 oder 21 sowie dem Stutzen 10 die Röhrenspannung an die Röhre angelegt, so daß ein Elektronenstrom 23 auf eine Brennfleckbahn 24 des Anodentellers 7 aufschlägt. Dadurch wird ein Röntgenstrahlenkegel 25 erzeugt, welcher durch ein Fenster 26 in der Abschirmung 11 und ein Fenster 27 im Röhrenkolben nach außen tritt. Die beiden Fenster 26 und 27 bestehen in vorteilhafter Weise aus Beryllium und stellen 0,5 mm dicke Folien dar, die in entsprechende Öffnungen der Abschirmung 11 bzw. der Wand 5 des gläsernen Kolbenteiles eingesetzt sind.To generate X-rays, a heating current is applied between lines 20 and 21 in a manner known per se, which causes the cathode 22 to glow. In addition, the tube voltage is applied to the tube via one of the lines 20 or 21 and the connector 10, so that an electron current 23 strikes a focal spot path 24 of the anode plate 7. As a result, an X-ray cone 25 is generated, which emerges through a window 26 in the shield 11 and a window 27 in the tube bulb. The two windows 26 and 27 advantageously consist of beryllium and represent 0.5 mm thick foils which are inserted into corresponding openings in the shield 11 or the wall 5 of the glass bulb part.

Claims (5)

1. Röntgenröhre mit einer den zwischen Anode und Kathode liegenden Entladungsraum seitlich umfassenden Abschirmung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abschirmung (11) auf einem Potential im Bereich zwischen halbem und vollem Anodenpotential liegt.1. X-ray tube with a shield laterally encompassing the discharge space between the anode and cathode, characterized in that the shield (11) is at a potential in the range between half and full anode potential. 2. Röhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schirm den Entladungsraum umgreift, indem er auch in radialer Richtung begrenzende Teile aufweist.2. Tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen encompasses the discharge space by also having parts delimiting in the radial direction. 3. Röhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schirm (11) eine Halterung aufweist, die an einem konzentrisch zur Röhrenachse liegenden ringförmigen Teil (2) angreift, das aus Metall besteht und an der einen Seite an ein Isolierteil (3) grenzt, welches die Kathodenanordnung (4) trägt und an der anderen Seite an ein solches (5), welches die Anodenanordnung (6) trägt.3. Tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen (11) has a holder which engages on an annular part lying concentrically to the tube axis (2), which consists of metal and borders on one side with an insulating part (3) which carries the cathode arrangement (4) and on the other side to one (5) which carries the anode arrangement (6). 4. Röhre nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolierteile aus Glas bestehen.4. Tube according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulating parts consist of glass. 5. Röhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schirm (11) und der Ring (2) aus gut wärmeleitendem Metall bestehen.5. Tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen (11) and the ring (2) consist of good heat-conducting metal.
EP81108428A 1981-03-02 1981-10-16 X-ray tube Expired EP0059238B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81108428T ATE17802T1 (en) 1981-03-02 1981-10-16 X-RAY TUBE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813107949 DE3107949A1 (en) 1981-03-02 1981-03-02 X-RAY TUBES
DE3107949 1981-03-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0059238A1 true EP0059238A1 (en) 1982-09-08
EP0059238B1 EP0059238B1 (en) 1986-01-29

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EP81108428A Expired EP0059238B1 (en) 1981-03-02 1981-10-16 X-ray tube

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US (1) US4468802A (en)
EP (1) EP0059238B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE17802T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3107949A1 (en)

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WO2003065402A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-07 Koninklijke Philips Electronics Nv X-ray tube envelope with integral corona shield

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US4964148A (en) * 1987-11-30 1990-10-16 Meicor, Inc. Air cooled metal ceramic x-ray tube construction
US5384820A (en) * 1992-01-06 1995-01-24 Picker International, Inc. Journal bearing and radiation shield for rotating housing and anode/stationary cathode X-ray tubes
DE4429910B4 (en) * 1994-01-11 2006-06-29 Siemens Ag X-ray tube with shielding part
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US6619842B1 (en) * 1997-08-29 2003-09-16 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-ray tube and method of manufacture
US6005918A (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-12-21 Picker International, Inc. X-ray tube window heat shield
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US7079624B1 (en) 2000-01-26 2006-07-18 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-Ray tube and method of manufacture
US6749337B1 (en) * 2000-01-26 2004-06-15 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-ray tube and method of manufacture
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US7209546B1 (en) 2002-04-15 2007-04-24 Varian Medical Systems Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for applying an absorptive coating to an x-ray tube
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0563367A1 (en) * 1991-10-18 1993-10-06 Varian Associates Improved metal center x-ray tube.
EP0563367A4 (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-03-16 Varian Associates, Inc.
WO2003065402A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-07 Koninklijke Philips Electronics Nv X-ray tube envelope with integral corona shield

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0059238B1 (en) 1986-01-29
DE3173649D1 (en) 1986-03-13
DE3107949A1 (en) 1982-09-16
US4468802A (en) 1984-08-28
ATE17802T1 (en) 1986-02-15

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