EP1771859A1 - Resistiv arbeitender speicher für low-voltage-anwendungen - Google Patents
Resistiv arbeitender speicher für low-voltage-anwendungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1771859A1 EP1771859A1 EP05770054A EP05770054A EP1771859A1 EP 1771859 A1 EP1771859 A1 EP 1771859A1 EP 05770054 A EP05770054 A EP 05770054A EP 05770054 A EP05770054 A EP 05770054A EP 1771859 A1 EP1771859 A1 EP 1771859A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- memory cell
- electrode
- polymer
- cell according
- active material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0009—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change
- G11C13/0014—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change comprising cells based on organic memory material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0009—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change
- G11C13/0014—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change comprising cells based on organic memory material
- G11C13/0016—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change comprising cells based on organic memory material comprising polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/50—Bistable switching devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/611—Charge transfer complexes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/701—Organic molecular electronic devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
Definitions
- the invention relates to a semiconductor device with resistive working memory for low-voltage applications.
- microelectronic elements and in particular memory cells have been described, which have a size of a few nanometers.
- One concept for the construction of such memory cells is to arrange an active layer between two electrodes which, depending on the voltage, can reversibly change certain properties, such as, for example, ferromagnetic properties or electrical resistance.
- the cell can be switched between two states, so that one state, for example, the information status "0" and the other state can be assigned to the information state "1".
- the cell which has an active layer between two electrodes, which can change the electrical resistance as a function of the applied voltage, has the advantage over the cells, which has a ferroelectric material between two electrodes, that they have a significantly higher signal ratio between the OFF and ON state has and does not need to be rewritten after the read, since reading the state is not destructive.
- the active material consists of 2-amino-4,5-imidazoledicarbonitrile (AIDCN)
- AIDCN 2-amino-4,5-imidazoledicarbonitrile
- the memory cell according to this prior art consists of several layers, which are constructed as follows: an aluminum anode deposited on glass, an AIDCN layer arranged thereon This system requires the above-described five layers for the switchability, which makes the production very complex
- Another disadvantage of the cells according to this prior art is that the Cells are switchable only with aluminum electrodes and that the active layer can be applied only by Vaku ⁇ umbedampfung.
- the object of the present invention is to propose further memory cells with an active layer arranged between two electrodes, the memory cells allowing a high integration density between two stable states of different electrical resistance can be switched, are easy to process by conventional methods in microelectronics and allow the use of commonly used in microelectronics electrodes.
- Another object of the invention is to propose storage cells which are switchable at very low voltage.
- Another object of the invention is to propose new active materials that can be used in the memory cells.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a memory cell with two electrodes and an active one interposed therebetween
- the advantages of the cell structure according to the invention are reproducible switchability, a ratio between the ON and OFF resistances of 10 or higher, non-destructive reading, since there is no need for rewriting after reading, non-volatile information storage, functionality down to film thicknesses of about 20 nm, high thermal stability, switchability in the presence of air and moisture, simpler and less expensive construction of the Cell and the suitability of the memory cell for the production in multiple layers, such as in copper damascene technology.
- the ratio of component (a) to (b) can vary widely
- the ratio of (a) to (b) is in the range of 1: 4 to 4: 1.
- the proportion by weight of the polymer in the total amount of the active material ranges from 0 to 70% by weight.
- the weight fraction of the polymer in the total amount of the active material is in the range of 25 to 60% by weight.
- the optionally used polymer preferably serves as a film-bonding support material and is not critical to the activity of the active material.
- any polymer having electro-insulating properties and being compatible with components (a) and (b) may be used.
- Particularly preferred polymers are, for example, polyethers, polyacrylates, polyethersulfone, polyethersulfide, polyetherketone, polyquinolines, polyquinoxalines and also polybenzoxazoles, polybenzimidazoles or polyimides or their precursors.
- the polymer can be formed either as a homopolymer or as a copolymer with further polymerizable repeat units.
- the polymer may be alone or as a mixture of different polymers.
- the substrate on which the electrodes have been applied or in which the electrodes have been incorporated can ⁇ Silizi to, germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, or be any material that any compound of SiIi- contains zium, germanium or gallium.
- the substrate can also be a polymer, that is to say plastic which is filled or unfilled or which is in the form of a molded part or film, as well as ceramic, glass or metal.
- the substrate may also be an already processed material and contain one to several layers of contacts, traces, insulating layers and other microelectronic devices.
- the substrate is silicon, which is already processed in accordance with the front-end off-line (FEOL), that is to say already contains electrical components such as transistors, capacitors, etc., manufactured and silicon technology.
- FEOL front-end off-line
- Between the substrate and the next electrode is preferably an insulating layer, in particular when the substrate is electrically conductive. However, there may also be multiple layers between the substrate and the next electrode.
- the substrate may serve as a carrier material or else fulfill an electrical function (evaluation, control).
- electrical contacts between the substrate and the electrodes which are applied to the substrate.
- These electrical contacts are, for example, contact holes (Vias) filled with an electrical conductor.
- Vias contact holes
- the active layer according to the invention is compatible with a large number of electrodes conventionally used in microelectronics.
- the electrodes are preferably made of Cu, Al, AlCu, AlSiCu, Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, W, TiW, TaW, WN, WCN and common combinations of these electrodes.
- thin layers of silicon, titanium silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or silicon carbonitride may also be present in combination with the abovementioned layers or materials.
- the abbreviations, such as TiN do not represent exact stoichiometric ratios, since the ratio of the components within possible limits can be arbitrarily changed.
- Electrode layers are suitable for depositing the abovementioned electrode layers. These may be, for example, PVD, CVD, PECVD, vapor deposition, electroplatting, electrolessplatting or atomic layer deposition (ALCVD). However, the methods are not limited to these, and any methods of manufacturing electrodes used in microelectronics can be used in principle.
- the deposition of the electrode can be carried out from the gas phase or from solution.
- the electrodes can be structured by means of various common techniques.
- the structuring can be done for example by means of shadow masks, printing techniques or lithography. Screen printing, microcontact printing or nanoimprinting are particularly preferred as printing techniques.
- the electrodes can also be structured, for example, by means of the so-called damascene technique.
- an insulating layer lying above the substrate preferably of silicon oxide
- the electrode layer is deposited, so that they are completely filled with the electrode materials during the structuring of trenches or holes in the insulating layer.
- the grinding process can be carried out by means of the so-called CMP technique (chemical mechanical planarization).
- CMP technique chemical mechanical planarization
- the upper electrode can be created the same as the lower one.
- the upper conductor tracks are arranged transversely to the lower conductor tracks.
- the lateral geometry of the cell is not limited to the above-mentioned crosspoint arrangement, but since the crosspoint arrangement makes a very high integration density possible, it is preferred for the present invention.
- the above-described sandwich structures of the memory cells consisting of two electrodes and the layer of the active material lying therebetween can not only be applied to the substrate once but several times in stacked form.
- several cells can be in one level (cell array).
- the different levels can be separated from each other with an insulator, or it is also possible for two superimposed planes not four, but only three electrodes to be used, since they (middle electrode) as upper electrode for the lower level and lower Electrode can serve for the upper level.
- the active material can be applied to the electrode by, for example, preparing a solution containing components (a) and (b) and, if appropriate, a polymer.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, n-methylpyrrolidines. don, ⁇ -butarolactone, methoxypropyl acetate, ethoxyethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, ethers of ethylene glycol such as diethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethoxyethyl propionate, or ethyl thylactate.
- a solvent a mixture of the abovementioned solvents with optionally further
- Solvents are used.
- the formulation may also contain additives such as adhesion promoters (for example silanes).
- the active material can also be done by vacuum evaporation.
- the components (a) and (b) (co-evaporation) are simultaneously deposited on the electrode or the components are applied directly one behind the other and thus form the active layer without polymer.
- an annealing step is carried out in each case, for example on a hot plate or in an oven, in order to dry the film or, if appropriate, to complete the reaction, in particular if components (a) and (b) on the electrode by means of
- Vacuum vapor deposition are deposited. In the case of vacuum evaporation, however, the temperature treatment can also be carried out in the vacuum chamber or even be omitted.
- the thickness of the layer containing the active material is in the range of preferably between 20 and 2000 nm, with the range between 20 and 200 nm being particularly preferred.
- Layer with very small voltages which are preferably less than one volt switchable, which is compatible with the future memory designs and allows only a low Ener ⁇ energy consumption.
- the further advantage is that the construction of the cell is very simple, so that the production takes place inexpensively can.
- the cell has a reversible, reproducible switchability under various conditions such as in the presence of air and moisture and in a wide temperature range.
- the adhesion of the layer to the electrodes is excellent and the ratio of the higher resistance state to the low resistance state is higher than 10.
- the preparation can be made by conventional lithographic processes because the active layer is compatible with a variety of processes .
- a particular advantage of the present cell is that the active layer is compatible with common electrodes.
- the active layer can be switched with the electrodes and electrode combinations used in microelectronics, and it should be emphasized that the switchability is very reliable, in particular with copper. This is important because copper has the lowest electrical resistance compared to the other electrical conductors that are used by default in electronics.
- the preparation of the cell according to the invention will be discussed in more detail by way of examples.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004037150A DE102004037150B4 (de) | 2004-07-30 | 2004-07-30 | Resistiv arbeitende Speicherzelle für Low-Voltage-Anwendungen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| PCT/DE2005/001277 WO2006012839A1 (de) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-20 | Resistiv arbeitender speicher für low-voltage-anwendungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1771859A1 true EP1771859A1 (de) | 2007-04-11 |
Family
ID=35064797
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05770054A Withdrawn EP1771859A1 (de) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-20 | Resistiv arbeitender speicher für low-voltage-anwendungen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080142774A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1771859A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004037150B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006012839A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7972897B2 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2011-07-05 | Intermolecular, Inc. | Methods for forming resistive switching memory elements |
| US7704789B2 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2010-04-27 | Intermolecular, Inc. | Methods for forming resistive switching memory elements |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5744267A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1998-04-28 | Arizona Board Of Regents Acting For And On Behalf Of University Of Arizona | Azo-dye-doped photorefractive polymer composites for holographic testing and image processing |
| US6828685B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-12-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Memory device having a semiconducting polymer film |
| DE10324388A1 (de) * | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-30 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Schaltungselement mit einer ersten Schicht aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Substratmaterial und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schaltungselements |
| US7274035B2 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-09-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Memory devices based on electric field programmable films |
| CA2500938A1 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-24 | Rohm And Haas Company | Memory devices based on electric field programmable films |
-
2004
- 2004-07-30 DE DE102004037150A patent/DE102004037150B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-20 WO PCT/DE2005/001277 patent/WO2006012839A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-07-20 US US11/572,950 patent/US20080142774A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-20 EP EP05770054A patent/EP1771859A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006012839A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102004037150B4 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
| WO2006012839A1 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
| US20080142774A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
| DE102004037150A1 (de) | 2006-03-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20070124 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ENGL, REINMUND Inventor name: WEITZ, THOMAS Inventor name: MALTENBERGER, ANNA Inventor name: SEZI, RECAI Inventor name: SCHUMANN, JOERG Inventor name: WALTER, ANDREAS |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: WEITZ, THOMAS Inventor name: WALTER, ANDREAS Inventor name: MALTENBERGER, ANNA Inventor name: SEZI, RECAI Inventor name: SCHUMANN, JOERG Inventor name: ENGL, REINMUND |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
| 19U | Interruption of proceedings before grant |
Effective date: 20090401 |
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| 19W | Proceedings resumed before grant after interruption of proceedings |
Effective date: 20091123 |
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| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20100121 |