EP1769206B1 - Heat exchanger with spacing coil(s) and helical rib(s) - Google Patents

Heat exchanger with spacing coil(s) and helical rib(s) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1769206B1
EP1769206B1 EP05790864A EP05790864A EP1769206B1 EP 1769206 B1 EP1769206 B1 EP 1769206B1 EP 05790864 A EP05790864 A EP 05790864A EP 05790864 A EP05790864 A EP 05790864A EP 1769206 B1 EP1769206 B1 EP 1769206B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rib
coil
exchange cavity
exchanger according
tangential
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EP05790864A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1769206A1 (en
Inventor
Claude Nail
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P S A
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P S A
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Priority claimed from FR0408119A external-priority patent/FR2873432B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/026—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled and formed by bent members, e.g. plates, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/022—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of two or more media in heat-exchange relationship being helically coiled, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/067—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger for heating or cooling a secondary liquid from a primary fluid circulating in at least one helical tubular coil disposed in at least one exchange cavity in which the secondary liquid circulates.
  • Such a heat exchanger can for example be used as a heat pump condenser for heating the water of a swimming pool.
  • FR-2,686,408 thus describes an example of such a coil heat exchanger, which comprises spacers in the form of longitudinal strips, forming housings for the coils of the coil.
  • spacers indeed make it possible to center the coil in the exchange cavity and to optimize the circulation of the secondary liquid around the coils of the coil.
  • US Patent 1893484 describes a coil heat exchanger and helical spacing ribs.
  • the invention therefore aims in general to provide a coil heat exchanger (s) whose thermal performance-especially the heat output restored- are improved over prior exchangers, and this, for equivalent or reduced overall dimensions.
  • the invention aims more particularly to achieve this goal simply and economically, and without otherwise adversely affect the other qualities of the exchanger (service life, ease of installation, ).
  • the spacers comprise at least one tangential rib of helical shape and this tangential helical rib and this coil have different winding directions so as to be in contact with zones of essentially one-off contacts.
  • the inventors have indeed found that this particular structure makes it possible to improve considerably and unexpectedly the thermal performance of the exchanger. In particular, the inventors have found an improvement of 5% to 10% of the heat power of the exchanger. No clear explanation can be given by the inventors to this result.
  • the tangential rib helicoidal coil and the coil have different pitch so as to be in contact according to essentially point contact areas.
  • At least one rib shaped ring portion or ring portion of non-circular section (for example polygonal) extending over a sector less than 360 degrees around the axial direction.
  • the winding direction of at least one tangential helical spacer rib is opposite to that of the facing coil.
  • the pitch of at least one tangential helical spacer rib is greater than that of the facing coil.
  • the pitch of at least one tangential helical spacer rib is between 1.5 and 3 times that of the coil facing.
  • each core comprises at least one tangential rib of spacing, said inner rib.
  • This inner rib comes into contact with the inner surface of the coil oriented towards its axis of symmetry.
  • the inner wall of the housing has at least one tangential spacing rib, said outer rib. This outer rib comes into contact with the outer surface of the outermost coil radially relative to its axis of symmetry.
  • the core in at least one exchange cavity, has at least one tangential inner rib of separation, and the inner wall of the housing has at least one tangential outer tangential rib.
  • each exchange cavity has at least one inner rib and at least one outer rib.
  • the exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that the exchange cavity has a helical internal rib and a helical outer rib and that the pitch of the inner rib is different from the pitch of the outer rib.
  • the pitch of the outer rib is greater than the pitch of the inner rib itself greater than the pitch of (the) coil (s) contained (s) in the exchange cavity.
  • the outer rib and the inner rib have the same direction of winding.
  • At least one exchange cavity is provided with at least one series of shims adapted to be interposed between the turns of the coil so as to maintain the relative axial spacing.
  • the exchange cavity has shims radially projecting from the inner wall of the housing.
  • the casing comprises for each internal chamber, two shells each forming a half cylinder and assembled to one another by an axial joint plane.
  • the assembly of the coil and the core in the chamber is facilitated and carried out by placing in one of the shells then closing the chamber by covering with the other shell and sealing assembly - particularly by welding - of the two hulls according to their axial joint plane.
  • the casing is provided with passage lumens of the ends of the coil orthogonal to the axis of the internal chamber.
  • the exchanger according to the invention thus has a reduced axial size and its assembly is simple, fast and reliable. In addition, it avoids any error in the direction of connection of the coil to the source of primary fluid.
  • the exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a single exchange cavity enclosing a single coil, the exchange cavity having a radial width corresponding at least substantially to the sum of the radial thickness of the outer and inner tangential ribs and the diameter of the cross section of the serpentine tube.
  • At least one internal chamber, the inner wall of the corresponding housing, each core and its wall, the exchange housing, each coil, each tangential rib are generally cylindrical, in particular cylindrical of revolution, around a same axis parallel to the axial direction of circulation.
  • the radial width of an exchange cavity is of the order of 10 mm to 15 mm, and the outside diameter of the cross section of the tube forming the coil of this exchange cavity is of the order of 7mm to 13mm, and the radial thickness of each tangential spacing rib is between 1mm and 3mm.
  • the housing and each core are formed of a molded synthetic material and each coil is formed of a metal or a metal alloy.
  • the invention also relates to a heat exchanger characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • FIGS. 1-10 show different embodiments of a heat exchanger according to the invention that can be used for example as a condenser in a heat pump for heating pool water.
  • This exchanger comprises an outer casing 1 formed of two shells 1a, 1b made of a rigid material, preferably a synthetic material, assembled to one another by an axial peripheral seal plane 2.
  • the casing 1 delimits an internal chamber 3 generally symmetrical cylindrical of revolution about an axis 4, and the joint plane 2 is a diametral plane of the inner chamber 3 and the axis 4.
  • One 1a of the two shells 1a, 1b is provided with inlets and outlets, on the one hand, for ends of at least one coil 5 incorporated in the inner chamber 3, and on the other hand, for a liquid secondary that can flow in the inner chamber 3, in contact with (the) coil (s) 5.
  • a single coil 5 is incorporated in the internal chamber 3.
  • the inner chamber 3 also encloses a cylindrical core 6 coaxial revolution, that is to say having a cylindrical wall 7 of revolution about the same axis 4 as the chamber 3.
  • the casing 1 also has an inner wall 8 generally cylindrical symmetrical revolution about the axis 4 delimiting the internal chamber 3.
  • annular substantially cylindrical circular annular exchange cavity 9 around the same axis 4 is delimited between the inner wall 8 of the casing 1 and the wall 7 of the core 6, and this, between the two axial ends of the chamber 3.
  • the shell has it at one of its axial ends, a through-hole 11 communicating between the outside and the exchange cavity 9, for the passage of the secondary liquid, and a through-lumen 12 also communicating between the outside. and the exchange cavity 9 for the passage of an end 13 of the coil 5, for the circulation of a primary fluid in this helical hollow tubular coil 5.
  • a through-hole 15 communicating between the outside and the exchange cavity 9 for the passage of the secondary liquid, and a through-light 16 communicating between the outside and the exchange cavity 9, for the passage of another end 17 of the coil 5.
  • the shells 1a, 1b each form a half-cylinder, and the joint plane 2 is generally rectangular.
  • the secondary liquid passage openings 11, 15 located at the opposite ends 10, 14 are themselves diagonally opposite with respect to the joint plane 2.
  • the lumens 12, 16 for the passage of the ends of the coil 5 are preferably diagonally opposite to the rectangular joint plane 2.
  • the passage lumens 12, 16 for the ends 13, 17 of the coil 5 through the casing 1 are orthogonal to the axis 4 of the inner chamber 3. This arrangement allows in particular to facilitate the assembly of the coil 5, to avoid any connection error in the fluid flow direction primary, and, moreover, to reduce the axial size of the exchanger according to the invention.
  • the coil 5 is preferably hollow helical tubular type with non-contiguous turns wound around an axis of symmetry which coincides with the axis 4 when the coil 5 is in place in the exchange cavity 9. It should be noted that the coil 5 may have a series of turns wound in a single direction between its two axial ends, or on the contrary, several series of turns around each other, that is to say several cylindrical thicknesses of coaxial turns forming go returning the primary fluid inside the exchange cavity 9.
  • the exchanger comprises two coaxial coils.
  • the shell 1 has at its axial end 10 two slots 12 for the passage of the ends 13 of the two coils 5, and at its other axial end 14, two slots 16 for the passage of the other ends 17 of the two coils 5
  • Two independent flows of primary fluid can thus be produced in the exchange cavity 9, one in each coil 5.
  • Spacer rods 21 that are longitudinal, that is to say parallel to the axis 4, are preferably interposed between the two coaxial coils 5.
  • Each coil 5 may advantageously be formed of a metal or metal alloy tube -particularly of titanium or titanium alloy.
  • the inner wall 8 of the casing 1 has at least one tangential spacing rib 18 projecting radially towards the axis 4 over a certain thickness so as to move the coil 5 opposite. of this wall 8.
  • a tangential rib is further adapted not to prevent any circulation of secondary liquid in the axial direction between said wall 8 and the coil 5. Indeed, in the opposite case, the tangential rib 18 would not no specific interest (with respect to a direct contact of the coil 5 with the wall 8).
  • the tangential rib 18 is a helical rib, that is to say extending in the form of a continuous helix with non-contiguous turns between the two axial ends of the inner wall 8.
  • This helical rib 18 is formed by the two shells 1a, 1b.
  • the helical rib 18 has a pitch and / or a winding direction such that the coil 5 comes into contact with this helical rib 18 according to essentially point contact zones.
  • the invention goes against all previously known assemblies in which the spacers were also adapted to match the shapes of the coil to block the turns relative to the housing.
  • the helical rib 18 formed on the inner wall 8 of the casing 1, said outer rib 18, comes into contact with the portions of the coil 5 which are radially furthest from the axis 4.
  • the winding direction of the outer helical rib 18 is opposite that of the coil 5 opposite.
  • the pitch of the outer helical rib 18 is greater than that of the coil 5, and for example between 1.5 and three times that of the coil 5 opposite.
  • the wall 7 of the core 6 is provided with a tangential rib 19, also advantageously in the form of a helical rib with a winding direction opposite to that of the coil 5, that is to say identical to that of the helical rib 18 of the inner wall 8 of the casing 1.
  • the inner wall 8 of the housing 1 has a helical spacer rib, called the outer rib 18, and the core 6 has a helical rib of spacing, said inner rib 19.
  • the step of internal rib 19 is different from the pitch of the outer rib 18.
  • good results have been obtained with an outer rib 18 having a pitch greater than that of the inner rib 19, itself greater than the pitch of the coil 5 contained in the exchange cavity 9.
  • the third embodiment shown Figures 10 to 12 differs from the first embodiment shown Figures 1 to 6 by the number of turns of the coil 5 which is lower.
  • the coil is of shorter length and one of its axial ends can emerge from the shell 1a by a slot 16 located axially at an appropriate distance from the other slot 12 provided at the axial end 10 of the shell 1a.
  • the heat output of the exchanger is lower.
  • the core 6 and the shells 1a, 1b may remain similar to those of the other embodiments, with the benefit of a low production cost.
  • Other exemplary embodiments are possible. It is possible for example to provide other embodiments in which the number and / or the pitch of ribs and / or their winding direction are different from those shown.
  • the coil 5 is therefore in contact with the inner rib 19 in essentially point-like contact areas, and does not come into direct contact with the wall 7 of the core 6.
  • These helical ribs 18, 19 allow the axial circulation of the secondary liquid but require swirling movements to this secondary liquid around the coil tube 5.
  • each tangential rib 18, 19 has a contact surface with the coil 5 which is flat.
  • the transverse cross section of each tangential rib 18, 19 is polygonal, in particular rectangular, square or trapezoidal.
  • the exchange cavity 9 is provided with at least one series of shims 20 adapted to be interposed between the turns of the coil 5 so as to maintain the relative axial spacing.
  • these wedges 20 can be formed projecting from the inner wall 8 of the casing 1, radially inwards (that is to say towards the axis 4), for example on either side of the joint plane 2, on each of the shells 1a, 1b.
  • These shims 20 may be formed for example of thin and radial partitions adapted to receive between them the tube of the coil 5.
  • the coil 5 is thus perfectly locked inside the exchange cavity 9, on the one hand, radially between the outer and inner ribs 18 and on the other hand, axially, by the shims 20.
  • the shims 20 do not extend over the entire periphery of the inner wall 8, so as not to prevent the axial circulation of the secondary liquid in the exchange cavity 9.
  • the exchanger comprises a single exchange cavity 9, a single coil 5 with a single central core 6.
  • the radial width of the exchange cavity 9 may be of the order of 10 mm to 15 mm and the outer diameter of the cross section of the tube forming the coil 5 is of the order of 7mm to 13mm.
  • the radial thickness of each rib 18, 19 can be between 1mm and 3mm.
  • the casing 1 and the core 6 may be formed of a molded synthetic material - especially polyamide - which has the advantage of lightness, low cost, high rigidity and great strength, and allows also the realization of two shells 1a, 1b and their relative welding to each other, for example by vibration welding. This weld has a good seal, is reliable and has a long life.
  • the invention is advantageously applicable to the production of a condenser for a heat pump for heating swimming pool water.
  • one of the lights 11, 15 is connected to the circuit of the heat pump to form a water inlet in the exchange cavity 9 and the other light 15, 11 forms the outlet of the water Outside of this exchange cavity 9.
  • the water enters the exchange cavity 9 essentially in the form of steam and leaves essentially in liquid form.
  • the ends of each coil 5 are connected in turn to a primary fluid circuit which is in the example a refrigerant for cooling the water in its passage in the exchange cavity 9.
  • the circulation in the (s) coil (s) 5 is carried out against the flow of water in the exchange cavity 9.
  • each coil 5 located at the same axial end of the casing 1 as the water outlet 15 constitutes the inlet of the primary fluid in the coil 5, and this primary fluid leaves through the opposite end 13 of the coil 5 which is at the same axial end as the water inlet 11.
  • the invention can be the subject of many variants and other applications than those described above and shown in the figures.
  • the helical ribs 18, 19 may be replaced by tangential ribs in the form of toric or annular sectors extending in radial planes with respect to the axis 4 and interposed staggered along the inner wall 8 of the casing 1 and the core 6.
  • tangential ribs instead of continuous helical ribs, it is possible to provide helical portion ribs interrupted and / or staggered with different pitch or not ...
  • the (s) ) coil (s) and the core may not be symmetrical around an axis nor cylindrical, or may be cylindrical non-circular base ...
  • each of the heat exchangers of the test water is circulated at 24 ° C. in a flow rate of 5 m 3 / hour in the exchange cavity and circulating, against the current of the circulation of the water. in the exchange cavity, water at 90 ° C at a rate of 10 m 3 / hour in the coil.
  • at least five readings of the secondary liquid temperature leaving each of the two heat exchangers of the test are made at regular intervals on a duration of one hour. An average of the temperature obtained at the outlet of each heat exchanger is calculated from these readings.
  • the secondary liquid at the outlet of the control exchanger has an average temperature 1.5 ° C higher than that of the secondary liquid at the outlet of the standard exchanger. This difference in temperature corresponds to a gain in thermal power of 8.7% for the control exchanger compared to the standard exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur pour le réchauffage ou le refroidissement d'un liquide secondaire à partir d'un fluide primaire circulant dans au moins un serpentin tubulaire hélicoïdal disposé dans au moins une cavité d'échange dans laquelle le liquide secondaire circule.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for heating or cooling a secondary liquid from a primary fluid circulating in at least one helical tubular coil disposed in at least one exchange cavity in which the secondary liquid circulates.

Un tel échangeur de chaleur peut être par exemple utilisé à titre de condenseur de pompe à chaleur pour le réchauffage de l'eau d'une piscine. FR-2 686 408 décrit ainsi un exemple d'un tel échangeur de chaleur à serpentin, qui comprend des écarteurs sous forme de bandes longitudinales, formant des logements pour les spires du serpentin. De tels écarteurs permettent en effet de centrer le serpentin dans la cavité d'échange et d'optimiser la circulation du liquide secondaire autour des spires du serpentin. US-A-1893484 décrit un échangeur de chaleur à serpentin et nervures hélicoïdales d'écartement.Such a heat exchanger can for example be used as a heat pump condenser for heating the water of a swimming pool. FR-2,686,408 thus describes an example of such a coil heat exchanger, which comprises spacers in the form of longitudinal strips, forming housings for the coils of the coil. Such spacers indeed make it possible to center the coil in the exchange cavity and to optimize the circulation of the secondary liquid around the coils of the coil. US Patent 1893484 describes a coil heat exchanger and helical spacing ribs.

Un tel échangeur donne satisfaction, mais il est souhaitable d'en améliorer les performances thermiques tout en minimisant ses dimensions générales, et donc son coût et son encombrement.Such an exchanger is satisfactory, but it is desirable to improve the thermal performance while minimizing its overall dimensions, and therefore its cost and bulk.

L'invention vise donc de façon générale à proposer un échangeur de chaleur à serpentin(s) dont les performances thermiques -notamment la puissance calorifique restituée- sont améliorées par rapport aux échangeurs antérieurs, et ce, pour des dimensions générales équivalentes ou réduites.The invention therefore aims in general to provide a coil heat exchanger (s) whose thermal performance-especially the heat output restored- are improved over prior exchangers, and this, for equivalent or reduced overall dimensions.

L'invention vise plus particulièrement à atteindre ce but de façon simple et économique, et sans par ailleurs nuire aux autres qualités de l'échangeur (durée de vie, facilité d'installation, ...).The invention aims more particularly to achieve this goal simply and economically, and without otherwise adversely affect the other qualities of the exchanger (service life, ease of installation, ...).

Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur comprenant :

  • un carter extérieur comprenant une paroi interne délimitant au moins une chambre interne incorporant au moins un noyau présentant une paroi délimitant dans la chambre avec la paroi interne du carter en regard, au moins une cavité d'échange,
  • dans chaque cavité d'échange au moins un serpentin tubulaire creux hélicoïdal présentant des extrémités traversant le carter pour pouvoir être alimenté par un fluide primaire circulant dans ce serpentin,
  • au moins une entrée à une extrémité axiale de la cavité d'échange, et au moins une sortie à une autre extrémité axiale opposée de la cavité d'échange, de sorte qu'une circulation d'un liquide secondaire peut être établie selon une direction axiale de circulation dans la cavité d'échange entre cette entrée et cette sortie, au contact et à l'extérieur de chaque serpentin qu'elle reçoit,
  • des organes d'écartement de chaque serpentin et de la paroi interne du carter et/ou de la paroi du noyau en regard,
caractérisé en ce que les organes d'écartement comprennent au moins une nervure d'écartement, dite nervure tangentielle, s'étendant en saillie par rapport à une paroi orientée en regard du serpentin correspondant, et non parallèlement à la direction axiale de circulation, mais étant adaptée pour ne pas empêcher toute circulation de liquide secondaire selon la direction axiale de circulation entre ladite paroi et le serpentin.To do this, the invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising:
  • an outer casing comprising an inner wall delimiting at least one internal chamber incorporating at least one core having a wall delimiting in the chamber with the inner wall of the housing opposite, at least one exchange cavity,
  • in each exchange cavity at least one helical hollow tubular coil having ends passing through the housing to be able to be supplied by a primary fluid circulating in this coil,
  • at least one inlet at an axial end of the exchange cavity, and at least one outlet at another opposite axial end of the exchange cavity, so that a circulation of a secondary liquid can be established in one direction axial flow in the exchange cavity between this inlet and this outlet, in contact with and outside each coil it receives,
  • spacers of each coil and the inner wall of the housing and / or the wall of the nucleus opposite,
characterized in that the spacers comprise at least one spacing rib, said tangential rib, projecting from a wall oriented opposite the corresponding coil, and not parallel to the axial direction of circulation, but being adapted to not prevent any circulation of secondary liquid in the axial direction of circulation between said wall and the coil.

Dans l'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention, les organes d'écartement comprennent au moins une nervure tangentielle de forme hélicoïdale et cette nervure tangentielle hélicoïdale et ce serpentin présentent des sens d'enroulement différents de façon à être en contact selon des zones de contacts essentiellement ponctuelles. Les inventeurs ont en effet constaté que cette structure particulière permet d'améliorer considérablement et de façon inattendue les performances thermiques de l'échangeur. En particulier, les inventeurs ont constaté une amélioration de 5% à 10% de la puissance thermique de l'échangeur. Aucune explication claire ne peut être donnée par les inventeurs à ce résultat. Il est probable cependant que de telles nervures tangentielles -notamment hélicoïdales- aient pour effet d'une part d'augmenter le temps de séjour du liquide secondaire dans la cavité d'échange sans créer de perte de charge et en favorisant le contact et la surface d'échange avec le serpentin.In the heat exchanger according to the invention, the spacers comprise at least one tangential rib of helical shape and this tangential helical rib and this coil have different winding directions so as to be in contact with zones of essentially one-off contacts. The inventors have indeed found that this particular structure makes it possible to improve considerably and unexpectedly the thermal performance of the exchanger. In particular, the inventors have found an improvement of 5% to 10% of the heat power of the exchanger. No clear explanation can be given by the inventors to this result. It is probable, however, that such tangential ribs - particularly helical ribs - have the effect of, on the one hand, increasing the residence time of the secondary liquid in the exchange cavity without creating a pressure drop and by promoting contact and surface of exchange with the coil.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la nervure tangentielle hélicoïdale et le serpentin présentent des pas différents de façon à être en contact selon des zones de contacts essentiellement ponctuelles.Advantageously and according to the invention, the tangential rib helicoidal coil and the coil have different pitch so as to be in contact according to essentially point contact areas.

En variante, il peut être prévu au moins une nervure en forme de portion de tore ou de portion d'anneau de section non circulaire (par exemple polygonale) s'étendant sur un secteur inférieur à 360 degrés autour de la direction axiale.Alternatively, it may be provided at least one rib shaped ring portion or ring portion of non-circular section (for example polygonal) extending over a sector less than 360 degrees around the axial direction.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux selon l'invention, le sens d'enroulement d'au moins une nervure tangentielle hélicoïdale d'écartement est opposé à celui du serpentin en regard. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le pas d'au moins une nervure tangentielle hélicoïdale d'écartement est supérieur à celui du serpentin en regard. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le pas d'au moins une nervure tangentielle hélicoïdale d'écartement est compris entre 1,5 et 3 fois celui du serpentin en regard.In an advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the winding direction of at least one tangential helical spacer rib is opposite to that of the facing coil. Advantageously and according to the invention, the pitch of at least one tangential helical spacer rib is greater than that of the facing coil. Advantageously and according to the invention, the pitch of at least one tangential helical spacer rib is between 1.5 and 3 times that of the coil facing.

Par ailleurs, avantageusement et selon l'invention, chaque noyau comprend au moins une nervure tangentielle d'écartement, dite nervure intérieure. Cette nervure intérieure vient au contact de la surface intérieure du serpentin orientée vers son axe de symétrie. En outre, avantageusement et selon l'invention, dans chaque cavité d'échange, la paroi intérieure du carter présente au moins une nervure tangentielle d'écartement, dite nervure extérieure. Cette nervure extérieure vient au contact de la surface extérieure du serpentin située le plus à l'extérieur radialement par rapport à son axe de symétrie.Furthermore, advantageously and according to the invention, each core comprises at least one tangential rib of spacing, said inner rib. This inner rib comes into contact with the inner surface of the coil oriented towards its axis of symmetry. In addition, advantageously and according to the invention, in each exchange cavity, the inner wall of the housing has at least one tangential spacing rib, said outer rib. This outer rib comes into contact with the outer surface of the outermost coil radially relative to its axis of symmetry.

En particulier, avantageusement et selon l'invention, dans au moins une cavité d'échange, le noyau présente au moins une nervure intérieure tangentielle d'écartement, et la paroi interne du carter présente au moins une nervure extérieure tangentielle d'écartement. De préférence, avantageusement et selon l'invention, chaque cavité d'échange présente au moins une nervure intérieure et au moins une nervure extérieure.In particular, advantageously and according to the invention, in at least one exchange cavity, the core has at least one tangential inner rib of separation, and the inner wall of the housing has at least one tangential outer tangential rib. Preferably, advantageously and according to the invention, each exchange cavity has at least one inner rib and at least one outer rib.

En outre, avantageusement, l'échangeur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la cavité d'échange présente une nervure intérieure hélicoïdale et une nervure extérieure hélicoïdale et en ce que le pas de la nervure intérieure est différent du pas de la nervure extérieure. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le pas de la nervure extérieure est supérieur au pas de la nervure intérieure lui-même supérieur au pas du(des) serpentin(s) contenu(s) dans la cavité d'échange.In addition, advantageously, the exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that the exchange cavity has a helical internal rib and a helical outer rib and that the pitch of the inner rib is different from the pitch of the outer rib. Advantageously and according to the invention, the pitch of the outer rib is greater than the pitch of the inner rib itself greater than the pitch of (the) coil (s) contained (s) in the exchange cavity.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la nervure extérieure et la nervure intérieure ont le même sens d'enroulement.Advantageously and according to the invention, the outer rib and the inner rib have the same direction of winding.

Par ailleurs, avantageusement et selon l'invention, au moins une cavité d'échange est dotée d'au moins une série de cales adaptées pour être intercalées entre les spires du serpentin de façon à en maintenir l'écartement axial relatif. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la cavité d'échange présente des cales en saillie radialement de la paroi interne du carter.Furthermore, advantageously and according to the invention, at least one exchange cavity is provided with at least one series of shims adapted to be interposed between the turns of the coil so as to maintain the relative axial spacing. Advantageously and according to the invention, the exchange cavity has shims radially projecting from the inner wall of the housing.

Egalement, avantageusement et selon l'invention, le carter comprend pour chaque chambre interne, deux coques formant chacune une moitié de cylindre et assemblées l'une à l'autre par un plan de joint axial. De la sorte, le montage du serpentin et du noyau dans la chambre est facilité et réalisé par mise en place dans l'une des coques puis fermeture de la chambre par recouvrement par l'autre coque et assemblage étanche -notamment par soudure- des deux coques selon leur plan de joint axial.Also, advantageously and according to the invention, the casing comprises for each internal chamber, two shells each forming a half cylinder and assembled to one another by an axial joint plane. In this way, the assembly of the coil and the core in the chamber is facilitated and carried out by placing in one of the shells then closing the chamber by covering with the other shell and sealing assembly - particularly by welding - of the two hulls according to their axial joint plane.

En outre, avantageusement et selon l'invention, le carter est doté de lumières de passage des extrémités du serpentin orthogonales à l'axe de la chambre interne. L'échangeur selon l'invention présente ainsi un encombrement axial réduit et son montage est simple, rapide et fiable. En outre, on évite toute erreur du sens de raccordement du serpentin à la source de fluide primaire.In addition, advantageously and according to the invention, the casing is provided with passage lumens of the ends of the coil orthogonal to the axis of the internal chamber. The exchanger according to the invention thus has a reduced axial size and its assembly is simple, fast and reliable. In addition, it avoids any error in the direction of connection of the coil to the source of primary fluid.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, l'échangeur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une cavité d'échange unique renfermant un serpentin unique, la cavité d'échange ayant une largeur radiale correspondant au moins sensiblement à la somme de l'épaisseur radiale des nervures tangentielles extérieure et intérieure et du diamètre de la section droite du tube formant le serpentin.In an advantageous embodiment, the exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a single exchange cavity enclosing a single coil, the exchange cavity having a radial width corresponding at least substantially to the sum of the radial thickness of the outer and inner tangential ribs and the diameter of the cross section of the serpentine tube.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, au moins une chambre interne, la paroi interne du carter correspondante, chaque noyau et sa paroi, le carter d'échange, chaque serpentin, chaque nervure tangentielle sont globalement cylindriques, notamment cylindriques de révolution, autour d'un même axe parallèle à la direction axiale de circulation.Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one internal chamber, the inner wall of the corresponding housing, each core and its wall, the exchange housing, each coil, each tangential rib are generally cylindrical, in particular cylindrical of revolution, around a same axis parallel to the axial direction of circulation.

En outre, avantageusement et selon l'invention, la largeur radiale d'une cavité d'échange est de l'ordre de 10mm à 15mm, et le diamètre extérieur de la section droite du tube formant le serpentin de cette cavité d'échange est de l'ordre de 7mm à 13mm, et l'épaisseur radiale de chaque nervure tangentielle d'écartement est comprise entre 1mm et 3mm.In addition, advantageously and according to the invention, the radial width of an exchange cavity is of the order of 10 mm to 15 mm, and the outside diameter of the cross section of the tube forming the coil of this exchange cavity is of the order of 7mm to 13mm, and the radial thickness of each tangential spacing rib is between 1mm and 3mm.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le carter et chaque noyau sont formés d'une matière synthétique moulée et chaque serpentin est formé d'un métal ou d'un alliage métallique.Advantageously and according to the invention, the housing and each core are formed of a molded synthetic material and each coil is formed of a metal or a metal alloy.

L'invention concerne aussi un échangeur de chaleur caractérisé en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus ou ci-après.The invention also relates to a heat exchanger characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.

D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante qui se réfère aux figures annexées représentant des modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un échangeur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un échangeur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, aux différentes portions représentant respectivement de gauche à droite, le serpentin et le noyau en place et en vue ; le serpentin en coupe et le noyau en vue ; le serpentin en coupe sans le noyau ; ni le serpentin ni le noyau pour illustrer les organes d'écartement,
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective d'une coque de carter de l'échangeur des figures 1 et 2,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective d'une coque de carter de l'échangeur similaire à la figure 3 avec le noyau en place, mais sans le serpentin, et ce à des fins uniquement d'illustration,
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective d'une coque de carter de l'échangeur similaire à la figure 3, avec le serpentin et le noyau en place,
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale de l'échangeur de la figure 2,
  • les figures 7 à 9 sont des vues en plan représentant respectivement un serpentin, un noyau, et une coque d'un échangeur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 10 à 12 sont des vues en plan représentant respectivement un serpentin, un noyau, et une coque d'un échangeur selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description which refers to the appended figures representing embodiments of the invention given as non-limiting examples, and in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a schematic view in axial section of a first embodiment of an exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention, the different portions respectively representing from left to right, the coil and the core in place and in view; the serpentine in section and the nucleus in sight; the coil in section without the core; neither the coil nor the core to illustrate the spacers,
  • the figure 3 is a partial schematic perspective view of a crankcase shell of the heat exchanger figures 1 and 2 ,
  • the figure 4 is a partial schematic view in perspective of a casing shell of the exchanger similar to the figure 3 with the core in place, but without the coil, and this for purposes of illustration only,
  • the figure 5 is a partial schematic view in perspective of a casing shell of the exchanger similar to the figure 3 , with the coil and the core in place,
  • the figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger of the figure 2 ,
  • the Figures 7 to 9 are plan views respectively showing a coil, a core, and a shell of an exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the Figures 10 to 12 are plan views respectively showing a coil, a core, and a shell of an exchanger according to a third embodiment of the invention.

Les figures représentent différents modes de réalisation d'un échangeur de chaleur conforme à l'invention pouvant servir par exemple à titre de condenseur dans une pompe à chaleur pour le réchauffage d'eau de piscine.The figures show different embodiments of a heat exchanger according to the invention that can be used for example as a condenser in a heat pump for heating pool water.

Cet échangeur comprend un carter extérieur 1 formé de deux coques 1 a, 1b en un matériau rigide, de préférence un matériau synthétique, assemblées l'une à l'autre par un plan de joint périphérique axial 2. Le carter 1 délimite une chambre interne 3 globalement symétrique cylindrique de révolution autour d'un axe 4, et le plan de joint 2 est un plan diamétral de la chambre interne 3 et de l'axe 4.This exchanger comprises an outer casing 1 formed of two shells 1a, 1b made of a rigid material, preferably a synthetic material, assembled to one another by an axial peripheral seal plane 2. The casing 1 delimits an internal chamber 3 generally symmetrical cylindrical of revolution about an axis 4, and the joint plane 2 is a diametral plane of the inner chamber 3 and the axis 4.

L'une 1a des deux coques 1a, 1b est dotée d'entrées et sorties traversantes, d'une part, pour des extrémités d'au moins un serpentin 5 incorporé dans la chambre interne 3, et d'autre part, pour un liquide secondaire qui peut circuler dans la chambre interne 3, au contact du(des) serpentin(s) 5. Dans les exemples représentés figures 1 à 6 et 10 à 12, un seul serpentin 5 est incorporé dans la chambre interne 3.One 1a of the two shells 1a, 1b is provided with inlets and outlets, on the one hand, for ends of at least one coil 5 incorporated in the inner chamber 3, and on the other hand, for a liquid secondary that can flow in the inner chamber 3, in contact with (the) coil (s) 5. In the examples shown Figures 1 to 6 and 10 to 12 a single coil 5 is incorporated in the internal chamber 3.

La chambre interne 3 renferme également un noyau 6 cylindrique de révolution coaxial, c'est-à-dire présentant une paroi 7 cylindrique de révolution autour du même axe 4 que la chambre 3. Le carter 1 présente par ailleurs également une paroi interne 8 globalement cylindrique symétrique de révolution autour de l'axe 4, délimitant la chambre interne 3.The inner chamber 3 also encloses a cylindrical core 6 coaxial revolution, that is to say having a cylindrical wall 7 of revolution about the same axis 4 as the chamber 3. The casing 1 also has an inner wall 8 generally cylindrical symmetrical revolution about the axis 4 delimiting the internal chamber 3.

Ainsi, une cavité d'échange 9 annulaire globalement symétrique cylindrique de révolution autour du même axe 4 est délimitée entre la paroi interne 8 du carter 1 et la paroi 7 du noyau 6, et ce, entre les deux extrémités axiales de la chambre 3.Thus, an annular substantially cylindrical circular annular exchange cavity 9 around the same axis 4 is delimited between the inner wall 8 of the casing 1 and the wall 7 of the core 6, and this, between the two axial ends of the chamber 3.

La coque la présente à l'une 10 de ses extrémités axiales, une lumière 11 traversante, communiquant entre l'extérieur et la cavité d'échange 9, pour le passage du liquide secondaire, et une lumière 12 traversante communiquant également entre l'extérieur et la cavité d'échange 9 pour le passage d'une extrémité 13 du serpentin 5, pour la circulation d'un fluide primaire dans ce serpentin 5 tubulaire creux hélicoïdal.The shell has it at one of its axial ends, a through-hole 11 communicating between the outside and the exchange cavity 9, for the passage of the secondary liquid, and a through-lumen 12 also communicating between the outside. and the exchange cavity 9 for the passage of an end 13 of the coil 5, for the circulation of a primary fluid in this helical hollow tubular coil 5.

De même, à l'autre extrémité axiale 14 de la coque 1a, il est prévu une lumière 15 traversante communiquant entre l'extérieur et la cavité d'échange 9 pour le passage du liquide secondaire, et une lumière 16 traversante communiquant entre l'extérieur et la cavité d'échange 9, pour le passage d'une autre extrémité 17 du serpentin 5.Similarly, at the other axial end 14 of the shell 1a, there is provided a through-hole 15 communicating between the outside and the exchange cavity 9 for the passage of the secondary liquid, and a through-light 16 communicating between the outside and the exchange cavity 9, for the passage of another end 17 of the coil 5.

Les coques 1a, 1b forment chacune une moitié de cylindre, et le plan de joint 2 est globalement rectangulaire. De préférence, les lumières 11, 15 de passage du liquide secondaire situées aux extrémités opposées 10, 14 sont elles-mêmes diagonalement opposées par rapport au plan de joint 2.The shells 1a, 1b each form a half-cylinder, and the joint plane 2 is generally rectangular. Preferably, the secondary liquid passage openings 11, 15 located at the opposite ends 10, 14 are themselves diagonally opposite with respect to the joint plane 2.

De même, les lumières 12, 16 pour le passage des extrémités du serpentin 5 sont de préférence diagonalement opposées par rapport au plan de joint rectangulaire 2. En outre, il est à noter que les lumières de passage 12, 16 pour les extrémités 13, 17 du serpentin 5 à travers le carter 1 sont orthogonales à l'axe 4 de la chambre interne 3. Cette disposition permet notamment de faciliter le montage du serpentin 5, d'éviter toute erreur de connexion dans le sens de circulation du fluide primaire, et, par ailleurs, de réduire l'encombrement axial de l'échangeur selon l'invention.Similarly, the lumens 12, 16 for the passage of the ends of the coil 5 are preferably diagonally opposite to the rectangular joint plane 2. In addition, it should be noted that the passage lumens 12, 16 for the ends 13, 17 of the coil 5 through the casing 1 are orthogonal to the axis 4 of the inner chamber 3. This arrangement allows in particular to facilitate the assembly of the coil 5, to avoid any connection error in the fluid flow direction primary, and, moreover, to reduce the axial size of the exchanger according to the invention.

Le serpentin 5 est de préférence de type tubulaire creux hélicoïdal à spires non jointives enroulées autour d'un axe de symétrie qui coïncide avec l'axe 4 lorsque le serpentin 5 est en place dans la cavité d'échange 9. Il est à noter que le serpentin 5 peut présenter une série de spires enroulées dans un seul sens entre ses deux extrémités axiales, ou au contraire, plusieurs séries de spires les unes autour des autres, c'est-à-dire plusieurs épaisseurs cylindriques de spires coaxiales formant des aller-retour du fluide primaire à l'intérieur de la cavité d'échange 9.The coil 5 is preferably hollow helical tubular type with non-contiguous turns wound around an axis of symmetry which coincides with the axis 4 when the coil 5 is in place in the exchange cavity 9. It should be noted that the coil 5 may have a series of turns wound in a single direction between its two axial ends, or on the contrary, several series of turns around each other, that is to say several cylindrical thicknesses of coaxial turns forming go returning the primary fluid inside the exchange cavity 9.

Plusieurs serpentins 5 coaxiaux peuvent aussi être prévus, comme dans le deuxième mode de réalisation représenté figures 7 à 9 où l'échangeur comprend deux serpentins 5 coaxiaux. Dans ce cas, la coque 1 a présente à son extrémité axiale 10 deux lumières 12 pour le passage des extrémités 13 des deux serpentins 5, et à son autre extrémité axiale 14, deux lumières 16 pour le passage des autres extrémités 17 des deux serpentins 5. Deux circulations indépendantes de fluide primaire peuvent ainsi être réalisées dans la cavité d'échange 9, une dans chaque serpentin 5. Des tiges d'écartement 21 longitudinales, c'est-à-dire parallèles à l'axe 4 sont de préférence interposées entre les deux serpentins coaxiaux 5.Several coaxial coils can also be provided, as in the second embodiment shown Figures 7 to 9 wherein the exchanger comprises two coaxial coils. In this case, the shell 1 has at its axial end 10 two slots 12 for the passage of the ends 13 of the two coils 5, and at its other axial end 14, two slots 16 for the passage of the other ends 17 of the two coils 5 Two independent flows of primary fluid can thus be produced in the exchange cavity 9, one in each coil 5. Spacer rods 21 that are longitudinal, that is to say parallel to the axis 4, are preferably interposed between the two coaxial coils 5.

Chaque serpentin 5 peut être avantageusement formé d'un tube en métal ou alliage métallique -notamment en titane ou alliage de titane-.Each coil 5 may advantageously be formed of a metal or metal alloy tube -particularly of titanium or titanium alloy.

Dans l'échangeur selon l'invention, la paroi interne 8 du carter 1 présente au moins une nervure tangentielle d'écartement 18 s'étendant en saillie radialement vers l'axe 4 sur une certaine épaisseur de façon à écarter le serpentin 5 en regard de cette paroi 8. Une telle nervure tangentielle est en outre adaptée pour ne pas empêcher toute circulation de liquide secondaire selon la direction axiale entre ladite paroi 8 et le serpentin 5. En effet, dans le cas contraire, la nervure tangentielle 18 n'aurait pas d'intérêt spécifique (par rapport à un contact direct du serpentin 5 avec la paroi 8).In the exchanger according to the invention, the inner wall 8 of the casing 1 has at least one tangential spacing rib 18 projecting radially towards the axis 4 over a certain thickness so as to move the coil 5 opposite. of this wall 8. Such a tangential rib is further adapted not to prevent any circulation of secondary liquid in the axial direction between said wall 8 and the coil 5. Indeed, in the opposite case, the tangential rib 18 would not no specific interest (with respect to a direct contact of the coil 5 with the wall 8).

Dans les exemples représentés, et avantageusement et selon l'invention, la nervure tangentielle 18 est une nervure hélicoïdale, c'est-à-dire s'étendant sous la forme d'une hélice continue à spires non jointives entre les deux extrémités axiales de la paroi interne 8. Cette nervure hélicoïdale 18 est formée par les deux coques 1a, 1b. La nervure hélicoïdale 18 présente un pas et/ou un sens d'enroulement tel que le serpentin 5 vient au contact de cette nervure hélicoïdale 18 selon des zones de contact essentiellement ponctuelles. Il est à noter à cet égard que l'invention va à l'encontre de tous les montages connus antérieurement dans lesquels les organes d'écartement étaient adaptés également pour épouser les formes du serpentin afin d'en bloquer les spires par rapport au carter. Au contraire, dans un échangeur selon l'invention, la nervure hélicoïdale 18 ménagée sur la paroi interne 8 du carter 1, dite nervure extérieure 18, vient au contact des portions du serpentin 5 qui sont radialement les plus éloignées de l'axe 4.In the examples shown, and advantageously and according to the invention, the tangential rib 18 is a helical rib, that is to say extending in the form of a continuous helix with non-contiguous turns between the two axial ends of the inner wall 8. This helical rib 18 is formed by the two shells 1a, 1b. The helical rib 18 has a pitch and / or a winding direction such that the coil 5 comes into contact with this helical rib 18 according to essentially point contact zones. It should be noted in this regard that the invention goes against all previously known assemblies in which the spacers were also adapted to match the shapes of the coil to block the turns relative to the housing. On the contrary, in an exchanger according to the invention, the helical rib 18 formed on the inner wall 8 of the casing 1, said outer rib 18, comes into contact with the portions of the coil 5 which are radially furthest from the axis 4.

Ainsi, avantageusement, le sens d'enroulement de la nervure hélicoïdale extérieure 18 est opposé à celui du serpentin 5 en regard. En outre, le pas de la nervure hélicoïdale extérieure 18 est supérieur à celui du serpentin 5, et par exemple compris entre 1,5 et trois fois celui du serpentin 5 en regard. De ce fait, la circulation du liquide secondaire dans la cavité d'échange 9 peut être effectuée selon la direction axiale. Néanmoins, la nervure hélicoïdale entraîne des perturbations à cette circulation axiale et des mouvements tourbillonnants du liquide secondaire autour du tube formant le serpentin 5, ce qui favorise l'échange thermique.Thus, advantageously, the winding direction of the outer helical rib 18 is opposite that of the coil 5 opposite. In addition, the pitch of the outer helical rib 18 is greater than that of the coil 5, and for example between 1.5 and three times that of the coil 5 opposite. As a result, the circulation of the secondary liquid in the exchange cavity 9 can be effected in the axial direction. Nevertheless, the helical rib causes disturbances to this axial circulation and swirling movements of the secondary liquid around the tube forming the coil 5, which promotes heat exchange.

De même, la paroi 7 du noyau 6 est dotée d'une nervure tangentielle 19, également avantageusement sous la forme d'une nervure hélicoïdale de sens d'enroulement opposé à celui du serpentin 5, c'est-à-dire identique à celui de la nervure hélicoïdale 18 de la paroi interne 8 du carter 1.Similarly, the wall 7 of the core 6 is provided with a tangential rib 19, also advantageously in the form of a helical rib with a winding direction opposite to that of the coil 5, that is to say identical to that of the helical rib 18 of the inner wall 8 of the casing 1.

Ainsi, dans les exemples représentés et selon l'invention, dans la cavité d'échange 9, la paroi interne 8 du carter 1 présente une nervure hélicoïdale d'écartement, dite nervure extérieure 18, et le noyau 6 présente une nervure hélicoïdale d'écartement, dite nervure intérieure 19.Thus, in the examples shown and according to the invention, in the exchange cavity 9, the inner wall 8 of the housing 1 has a helical spacer rib, called the outer rib 18, and the core 6 has a helical rib of spacing, said inner rib 19.

De préférence, avantageusement et selon l'invention, le pas de la nervure intérieure 19 est différent du pas de la nervure extérieure 18. En particulier, de bons résultats ont été obtenus avec une nervure extérieure 18 présentant un pas supérieur à celui de la nervure intérieure 19, lui-même supérieur au pas du serpentin 5 contenu dans la cavité d'échange 9. Le troisième mode de réalisation représenté figures 10 à 12 diffère du premier mode de réalisation représenté figures 1 à 6 par le nombre de spires du serpentin 5 qui est plus faible. Dans ce cas, le serpentin est de moindre longueur et l'une 17 de ses extrémités axiales peut sortir de la coque 1a par une lumière 16, située axialement à distance appropriée de l'autre lumière 12 prévue à l'extrémité axiale 10 de la coque 1a. La puissance thermique de l'échangeur est plus faible. Il est à noter cependant que le noyau 6 et les coques 1a, 1b peuvent rester similaires à celles des autres modes de réalisation, au bénéfice d'un faible coût de production. D'autres exemples de réalisation sont possibles. Il est possible par exemple de prévoir d'autres variantes de réalisation dans lesquelles le nombre et/ou le pas de nervures et/ou leur sens d'enroulement sont différents de ceux représentés.Preferably, advantageously and according to the invention, the step of internal rib 19 is different from the pitch of the outer rib 18. In particular, good results have been obtained with an outer rib 18 having a pitch greater than that of the inner rib 19, itself greater than the pitch of the coil 5 contained in the exchange cavity 9. The third embodiment shown Figures 10 to 12 differs from the first embodiment shown Figures 1 to 6 by the number of turns of the coil 5 which is lower. In this case, the coil is of shorter length and one of its axial ends can emerge from the shell 1a by a slot 16 located axially at an appropriate distance from the other slot 12 provided at the axial end 10 of the shell 1a. The heat output of the exchanger is lower. It should be noted, however, that the core 6 and the shells 1a, 1b may remain similar to those of the other embodiments, with the benefit of a low production cost. Other exemplary embodiments are possible. It is possible for example to provide other embodiments in which the number and / or the pitch of ribs and / or their winding direction are different from those shown.

Le serpentin 5 est donc au contact de la nervure intérieure 19 selon des zones de contact essentiellement ponctuelles, et ne vient pas au contact direct de la paroi 7 du noyau 6. Ces nervures hélicoïdales 18, 19 autorisent la circulation axiale du liquide secondaire mais imposent des mouvements tourbillonnants à ce liquide secondaire autour du tube du serpentin 5.The coil 5 is therefore in contact with the inner rib 19 in essentially point-like contact areas, and does not come into direct contact with the wall 7 of the core 6. These helical ribs 18, 19 allow the axial circulation of the secondary liquid but require swirling movements to this secondary liquid around the coil tube 5.

De préférence, chaque nervure tangentielle 18, 19 présente une surface de contact avec le serpentin 5 qui est plane. Avantageusement, la section droite transversale de chaque nervure tangentielle 18, 19 est polygonale, notamment rectangulaire, carrée ou trapézoïdale.Preferably, each tangential rib 18, 19 has a contact surface with the coil 5 which is flat. Advantageously, the transverse cross section of each tangential rib 18, 19 is polygonal, in particular rectangular, square or trapezoidal.

Simultanément, il est avantageux de maintenir l'écartement axial relatif des différentes spires du serpentin 5 pour éviter tout phénomène de vibration ou de déplacement de ces spires lors_de la circulation du liquide secondaire dans la cavité d'échange 9. Dès lors, avantageusement, la cavité d'échange 9 est dotée d'au moins une série de cales 20 adaptées pour être intercalées entre les spires du serpentin 5 de façon à en maintenir l'écartement axial relatif. Avantageusement, ces cales 20 peuvent être formées en saillie de la paroi interne 8 du carter 1, radialement vers l'intérieur (c'est-à-dire vers l'axe 4), par exemple de part et d'autre du plan de joint 2, sur chacune des coques 1a, 1b. Ces cales 20 peuvent être formées par exemple de cloisons minces et radiales adaptées pour recevoir entre elles le tube du serpentin 5.Simultaneously, it is advantageous to maintain the relative axial spacing of the different turns of the coil 5 to avoid any phenomenon of vibration or displacement of these turns during the circulation of the secondary liquid in the exchange cavity 9. Therefore, advantageously, the exchange cavity 9 is provided with at least one series of shims 20 adapted to be interposed between the turns of the coil 5 so as to maintain the relative axial spacing. Advantageously, these wedges 20 can be formed projecting from the inner wall 8 of the casing 1, radially inwards (that is to say towards the axis 4), for example on either side of the joint plane 2, on each of the shells 1a, 1b. These shims 20 may be formed for example of thin and radial partitions adapted to receive between them the tube of the coil 5.

Le serpentin 5 est ainsi parfaitement bloqué à l'intérieur de la cavité d'échange 9, d'une part, radialement, entre les nervures extérieure 18 et intérieure 19, et d'autre part, axialement, par les cales 20.The coil 5 is thus perfectly locked inside the exchange cavity 9, on the one hand, radially between the outer and inner ribs 18 and on the other hand, axially, by the shims 20.

Il est à noter que les cales 20 ne s'étendent pas sur toute la périphérie de la paroi interne 8 et ce, pour ne pas empêcher la circulation axiale du liquide secondaire dans la cavité d'échange 9.It should be noted that the shims 20 do not extend over the entire periphery of the inner wall 8, so as not to prevent the axial circulation of the secondary liquid in the exchange cavity 9.

Dans les exemples représentés figures 1 à 6 et 10 à 12, l'échangeur comprend une seule cavité d'échange 9, un seul serpentin 5 avec un seul noyau central 6. La largeur radiale de la cavité d'échange 9 peut être de l'ordre de 10mm à 15mm et le diamètre extérieur de la section droite du tube formant le serpentin 5 est de l'ordre de 7mm à 13mm. L'épaisseur radiale de chaque nervure 18, 19 peut être comprise entre 1mm et 3mm.In the examples shown Figures 1 to 6 and 10 to 12 the exchanger comprises a single exchange cavity 9, a single coil 5 with a single central core 6. The radial width of the exchange cavity 9 may be of the order of 10 mm to 15 mm and the outer diameter of the cross section of the tube forming the coil 5 is of the order of 7mm to 13mm. The radial thickness of each rib 18, 19 can be between 1mm and 3mm.

Il est à noter cependant que l'invention est tout aussi bien applicable à un échangeur doté de plusieurs cavités d'échange 9, avec plusieurs serpentins montés en parallèle ou en série. Le principe de l'invention consistant à prévoir des nervures tangentielles d'écartement sur le noyau 6, et, sur la paroi interne 8 du carter, peut être appliqué à toute forme de cavité d'échange.It should be noted, however, that the invention is equally applicable to an exchanger with several exchange cavities 9, with several coils connected in parallel or in series. The principle of the invention consisting in providing tangential spacing ribs on the core 6, and on the inner wall 8 of the housing, can be applied to any form of exchange cavity.

Le carter 1 et le noyau 6 peuvent être formés d'une matière synthétique moulée -notamment en polyamide- qui présente l'avantage de la légèreté, d'un faible coût, d'une grande rigidité et d'une grande solidité, et permet également la réalisation des deux coques 1a, 1b et leur soudure relative l'une à l'autre, par exemple par soudure par vibrations. Cette soudure présente une bonne étanchéité, est fiable et d'une grande durée de vie.The casing 1 and the core 6 may be formed of a molded synthetic material - especially polyamide - which has the advantage of lightness, low cost, high rigidity and great strength, and allows also the realization of two shells 1a, 1b and their relative welding to each other, for example by vibration welding. This weld has a good seal, is reliable and has a long life.

Les extrémités 13, 17 du serpentin 5 traversent les lumières 12, 16 correspondantes du carter 1. Un raccord étanche est avantageusement vissé sur chaque lumière 12, 16 autour de l'extrémité tubulaire du serpentin 5, du côté extérieur. Un tel raccord étanche est lui-même bien connu.The ends 13, 17 of the coil 5 pass through the corresponding apertures 12, 16 of the casing 1. A sealing connection is advantageously screwed onto each lumen 12, 16 around the tubular end of the coil 5, on the outside. Such a tight fitting is itself well known.

L'invention est avantageusement applicable à la réalisation d'un condenseur pour pompe à chaleur de réchauffage d'eau de piscine. Dans ce cas, l'une des lumières 11, 15 est reliée au circuit de la pompe à chaleur pour former une entrée d'eau dans la cavité d'échange 9 et l'autre lumière 15, 11 forme la sortie de l'eau hors de cette cavité d'échange 9. L'eau entre dans la cavité d'échange 9 essentiellement sous forme de vapeur et ressort essentiellement sous forme liquide. Les extrémités de chaque serpentin 5 sont reliées quant à elles à un circuit de fluide primaire qui est dans l'exemple un fluide frigorifique permettant de refroidir l'eau dans son passage dans la cavité d'échange 9. De préférence, la circulation dans le(s) serpentin(s) 5 s'effectue à contre-courant de la circulation de l'eau dans la cavité d'échange 9. Ainsi, l'extrémité 17 de chaque serpentin 5 située à la même extrémité axiale du carter 1 que la sortie d'eau 15 constitue l'entrée du fluide primaire dans le serpentin 5, et ce fluide primaire sort par l'extrémité opposée 13 du serpentin 5 qui est à la même extrémité axiale que l'entrée d'eau 11.The invention is advantageously applicable to the production of a condenser for a heat pump for heating swimming pool water. In this case, one of the lights 11, 15 is connected to the circuit of the heat pump to form a water inlet in the exchange cavity 9 and the other light 15, 11 forms the outlet of the water Outside of this exchange cavity 9. The water enters the exchange cavity 9 essentially in the form of steam and leaves essentially in liquid form. The ends of each coil 5 are connected in turn to a primary fluid circuit which is in the example a refrigerant for cooling the water in its passage in the exchange cavity 9. Preferably, the circulation in the (s) coil (s) 5 is carried out against the flow of water in the exchange cavity 9. Thus, the end 17 of each coil 5 located at the same axial end of the casing 1 as the water outlet 15 constitutes the inlet of the primary fluid in the coil 5, and this primary fluid leaves through the opposite end 13 of the coil 5 which is at the same axial end as the water inlet 11.

L'invention peut faire l'objet de très nombreuses variantes de réalisation et d'autres applications que celles décrites ci-dessus et représentées sur les figures.The invention can be the subject of many variants and other applications than those described above and shown in the figures.

Par exemple, les nervures hélicoïdales 18, 19 peuvent être remplacées par des nervures tangentielles en forme de secteurs toriques ou annulaires s'étendant dans des plans radiaux par rapport à l'axe 4 et interposées en quinconce le long de la paroi interne 8 du carter 1 et du noyau 6. Egalement, au lieu de nervures hélicoïdales continues, on peut prévoir des nervures en portion d'hélice interrompues, et/ou décalées, avec des pas différents ou non ... Le carter d'échange, le(s) serpentin(s) et le noyau peuvent ne pas être symétriques autour d'un axe ni cylindriques, ou peuvent être cylindriques de base non circulaire ...For example, the helical ribs 18, 19 may be replaced by tangential ribs in the form of toric or annular sectors extending in radial planes with respect to the axis 4 and interposed staggered along the inner wall 8 of the casing 1 and the core 6. Also, instead of continuous helical ribs, it is possible to provide helical portion ribs interrupted and / or staggered with different pitch or not ... The exchange case, the (s) ) coil (s) and the core may not be symmetrical around an axis nor cylindrical, or may be cylindrical non-circular base ...

EXEMPLEEXAMPLE

On réalise des tests comparatifs entre un échangeur de chaleur, dit échangeur témoin, selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention et un échangeur thermique, dit échangeur étalon, similaire à l'échangeur témoin sauf pour ce qui concerne le sens d'enroulement des nervures tangentielles et le sens d'enroulement du serpentin qui sont, dans l'échangeur étalon, orientés selon un même sens d'enroulement, contrairement à l'invention.Comparative tests are carried out between a heat exchanger, said control exchanger, according to the first embodiment of the invention and a heat exchanger, said standard exchanger, similar to the control exchanger except for the winding direction of the tangential ribs and the winding direction of the coil which are, in the standard exchanger, oriented in the same direction of winding, contrary to the invention.

On fait circuler dans chacun des échangeurs thermiques du test, de l'eau à 24°C selon un débit de 5 m3/heure dans la cavité d'échange et en faisant circuler, à contre-courant de la circulation de l'eau dans la cavité d'échange, de l'eau à 90°C selon un débit de 10 m3/heure dans le serpentin. Après une période de mise en température d'au moins 15 minutes de l'échangeur témoin et de l'échangeur étalon, au moins cinq relevés de la température du liquide secondaire sortant de chacun des deux échangeurs thermiques du test sont effectués à intervalles réguliers sur une durée d'une heure. Une moyenne de la température obtenue en sortie de chaque échangeur thermique est calculée à partir de ces relevés.In each of the heat exchangers of the test, water is circulated at 24 ° C. in a flow rate of 5 m 3 / hour in the exchange cavity and circulating, against the current of the circulation of the water. in the exchange cavity, water at 90 ° C at a rate of 10 m 3 / hour in the coil. After a warm-up period of at least 15 minutes of the control exchanger and the standard exchanger, at least five readings of the secondary liquid temperature leaving each of the two heat exchangers of the test are made at regular intervals on a duration of one hour. An average of the temperature obtained at the outlet of each heat exchanger is calculated from these readings.

On constate que le liquide secondaire en sortie de l'échangeur témoin présente une température moyenne supérieure de 1,5°C à celle du liquide secondaire en sortie de l'échangeur étalon. Cet écart de température correspond à un gain en puissance thermique de 8,7% pour l'échangeur témoin par rapport à l'échangeur étalon.It is found that the secondary liquid at the outlet of the control exchanger has an average temperature 1.5 ° C higher than that of the secondary liquid at the outlet of the standard exchanger. This difference in temperature corresponds to a gain in thermal power of 8.7% for the control exchanger compared to the standard exchanger.

Claims (21)

  1. Heat exchanger comprising:
    - an outer housing (1) comprising an internal wall (8) defining at least one internal chamber (3), incorporating at least one core (6) having one wall (7) defining in the chamber (3), with the internal wall (8) of the housing across from it, at least one exchange cavity (9),
    - in each exchange cavity (9) at least one tubular hollow helical pipe coil (5) having ends (13, 17) that pass through the housing (1) in order to be able to be supplied with a primary fluid circulating in this coil (5),
    - at least one inlet (11, 15) at one axial end of the exchange cavity (9) and at least one outlet (15, 11) at the other opposite axial end of the exchange cavity (9), in such a way that a circulation of secondary liquid can be established in an axial circulation direction in the exchange cavity (9) between this inlet (11, 15) and this outlet (15, 11), in contact with and on the outside of each coil (5) that it holds,
    - spreader elements (18, 19) of each coil (5) and of the internal wall (8) of the housing and/or of the wall (7) of the core (6) across from it,
    - the spreader elements (18, 19) comprise at least one spreader rib, called the tangential rib (18, 19), extending in projection with respect to a wall (7, 8) oriented across from the corresponding coil (5) and not parallel to the axial circulation direction, but being adapted so that it does not inhibit any circulation of the secondary liquid along the axial circulation direction between the said wall (7, 8) and the coil (5), characterized in that:
    - the spreader elements (18, 19) comprise at least one tangential helical spreader rib (18, 19) extending projecting from a wall (7, 8) arranged across from a coil (5), this tangential helical rib (18, 19) and this coil (5) have different winding directions in such a way as to be in contact with contact zones that are essentially punctiform.
  2. Exchanger according to Claim 1, characterized in that the tangential helical rib (18, 19) and the coil (5) have different pitches in such a way as to be in contact along contact zones that are essentially punctiform.
  3. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the winding direction of at least one tangential helical spreader rib (18, 19) is opposite to that of the coil (5) across from it.
  4. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the pitch of at least one tangential helical spreader rib (18, 19) is greater than that of the coil (5) across from it.
  5. Exchanger according to Claim 4, characterized in that the pitch of at least one tangential helical spreader rib (18, 19) is between 1.5 and 3 times as large of that of the coil (5) across from it.
  6. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each core (6) comprises at least one tangential spreader rib (19), called the interior rib (19).
  7. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in each exchange cavity (9), the interior wall (8) of the housing (1) has at least one tangential spreader rib (18), called the exterior rib (18).
  8. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in at least one exchange cavity (9), the core (6) has at least one tangential spreader rib, called the interior rib (19) and the internal wall (8) of the housing (1) has at least one tangential spreader rib called the exterior rib (18).
  9. Exchanger according to Claim 8, characterized in that each exchange cavity (9) has at least one interior rib (19) and at least one exterior rib (18).
  10. Exchanger according to Claim 2 and any one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the exchange cavity (9) has an interior helical rib (19) and an exterior helical rib (18) and the pitch of the interior rib (19) is different from the pitch of the exterior rib (18).
  11. Exchanger according to Claim 10, characterized in that the pitch of the exterior rib (18) is greater than the pitch of the interior rib (19), which itself is greater than the pitch of the coil(s) (5) contained in the exchange cavity (9).
  12. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the exterior rib (18) and the interior rib (19) have the same winding direction.
  13. The exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that for each internal chamber (3) the housing (1) comprises two shells (1a, 1b) each forming half a cylinder and assembled with each other by way of an axial joint plane (2).
  14. Exchanger according to Claim 13, characterized in that the housing (1) is equipped with holes (12, 16) for passage of the ends of the coil (5), orthogonal to the axis (4) of the internal chamber (3).
  15. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least one exchange cavity (9) is equipped with at least one series of blocks (20) adapted so that they can be intercalated between the convolutions of the coil (5) in such a way as to maintain the relative axial spread.
  16. Exchanger according to Claim 15, characterized in that the exchange cavity (9) has blocks (20) projecting from the internal wall (8) of the housing (1).
  17. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 16, characterize in that it comprises a single exchange cavity (9) containing a single coil (5), the exchange cavity (9) having a radial length corresponding at least essentially to the total of the radial thickness of the exterior (18) and interior (19) tangential ribs and the diameter of the cross-section of the tube forming the coil (5).
  18. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that in at least one internal chamber (3), the internal wall (8) of the corresponding housing, the exchange cavity (9), each core (6) and its wall (7), each coil (5) and each tangential rib (18, 19) are globally cylindrical around a same axis (4) parallel to the axial circulation direction.
  19. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the radial length of an exchange cavity (9) is of the order of 10 mm to 15 mm and the exterior diameter of the cross section of the tube forming the coil (5) of this exchange cavity (9) is of the order of 7 mm to 13 mm.
  20. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the radial thickness of each tangential spreader rib (18, 19) is between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  21. Exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the housing (1) and each core (6) are made of molded synthetic material and each coil (5) is made of a metal or a metal alloy.
EP05790864A 2004-07-22 2005-07-20 Heat exchanger with spacing coil(s) and helical rib(s) Active EP1769206B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0408119A FR2873432B1 (en) 2004-07-22 2004-07-22 HEAT EXCHANGER WITH SERPENTIN (S) AND RING HELICOIDAL (S)
US59124504P 2004-07-26 2004-07-26
PCT/FR2005/001858 WO2006021659A1 (en) 2004-07-22 2005-07-20 Heat exchanger with spacing coil(s) and helical rib(s)

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EP1769206A1 EP1769206A1 (en) 2007-04-04
EP1769206B1 true EP1769206B1 (en) 2008-04-23

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EP (1) EP1769206B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2005276357B2 (en)
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DE (1) DE602005006281T2 (en)
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WO (1) WO2006021659A1 (en)

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US7261149B2 (en) 2007-08-28
DE602005006281D1 (en) 2008-06-05
WO2006021659A1 (en) 2006-03-02
DE602005006281T2 (en) 2009-05-07
US20060016586A1 (en) 2006-01-26
ES2306214T3 (en) 2008-11-01
AU2005276357A1 (en) 2006-03-02
CA2574284A1 (en) 2006-03-02
AU2005276357B2 (en) 2009-11-12
CA2574284C (en) 2012-04-17
EP1769206A1 (en) 2007-04-04

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