EP1765743A1 - Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondus - Google Patents
Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondusInfo
- Publication number
- EP1765743A1 EP1765743A1 EP05778806A EP05778806A EP1765743A1 EP 1765743 A1 EP1765743 A1 EP 1765743A1 EP 05778806 A EP05778806 A EP 05778806A EP 05778806 A EP05778806 A EP 05778806A EP 1765743 A1 EP1765743 A1 EP 1765743A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grains
- mixture
- grain
- nodules
- zirconia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 without support) Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006249 ZrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003440 dysprosium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Dy]O[Dy]=O NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/107—Refractories by fusion casting
- C04B35/109—Refractories by fusion casting containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/484—Refractories by fusion casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
- C09K3/1427—Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by melting, at least partially, e.g. with a binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3227—Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3229—Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/80—Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixture of melted ceramic grains consisting essentially of alumina and zirconia in proportions close to the binary eutectic (42% by weight of zirconia) and having improved abrasive performance.
- the invention also relates to an abrasive tool comprising a mixture of grains according to the invention, and a method of manufacturing a mixture of grains according to the invention.
- the abrasive tools are generally classified according to the mode of forming of the ceramic grains that constitute them: free abrasives (use in projection or in suspension, without support), abrasives applied (support of type paintings or papers, where the grains are arranged on a few layers) and agglomerated abrasives (in the form of circular grinding wheels, sticks, etc.).
- the abrasive grains are pressed with an organic or vitreous binder (in this case, a binder consisting of oxides, essentially silicate).
- organic or vitreous binder in this case, a binder consisting of oxides, essentially silicate.
- These grains must themselves have good mechanical properties to abrasion (toughness in particular), and give rise to good mechanical cohesion with the binder (strength of the interface).
- the oxide grains synthesized by fusion offer an excellent compromise quality / cost of manufacture.
- compositions of a grain are given in percentages by weight, on the basis of the total mass of the grain.
- the materials based on alumina and zirconia have been known since US-A-3,181,939. These grains are generally composed of 10 to 60% of zirconia, 0 to 10% of an additive, the balance being alumina.
- the zirconia content of the commercial products is around 25%, or around the value of the alumina-zirconia eutectic located at about 42% of zirconia, generally from 35 to 50%, as described in FIG. U.S. Patent No. 3,891,408.
- yttrium oxide is known, added up to 2% according to US-A-4,457,767 or titanium oxide added up to 10% according to DE-C 1-4306966. These additives improve the abrasive power of alumina-zirconia grains. Magnesium oxide is also a possible additive, but beyond a content of a few points, its presence leads to the formation of spinel with alumina until disappearance of the corundum, resulting in a lower mechanical performance.
- These grains typically contain 39% by weight of zirconia and 0.8% of Y 2 O 3 , less than 0.5% of impurities, the balance being alumina. Mixtures of these grains are widely used for coated abrasives or abrasive wheels with organic binder in operations with high material removal rates (roughing, cutting, etc.) on stainless steel in particular.
- Grades having a ZrO 2 + HfO 2 content of between 10 and 60% and an Al 2 O 3 content of between 38 and 90% are also known from FR 2,787,106.
- These fused alumina-zirconia grains are made by melting raw materials (of variable purity) in a reducing medium (with in particular adding a source of carbon-petroleumcoke, pitch or coal-in the furnace). The melt is then cooled, preferably rapidly to promote the production of thin and oriented structures, for example by means of a casting device between thin metal plates such as that presented in US-A-3,993,119.
- the cooled material is finally ground, for example by means of roller mills, then sieved and classified into series of granulometric distributions ("grits") meeting specific standards (eg FEPA).
- grits granulometric distributions
- FEPA specific standards
- the grains thus manufactured are compact and little reduced. They have good mechanical properties and can advantageously be used in vitreous bonded grinding wheels.
- the grains of the state of the art have reduced abrasive performance, including premature wear by attrition on carbon steels.
- the object of the invention is to meet this need.
- this object is achieved by means of a mixture of melted alumina-zirconia grains having the following chemical analysis, in percentages by weight,
- Impurities ⁇ 1, 2%.
- This mixture of grains is remarkable in that it has a grain content containing inclusions of less than 2% and that the concentration of nodules measured on a section of any grain of said mixture is greater than 500 nodules per mm 2 in at least 50%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% of the grains observed.
- the properties of the grain mixtures have mainly been improved by modifying the chemical composition of these grains, for example by choosing it close to the zirconia-alumina eutectic (US Pat. No. 3,891,408), by adding stabilizers of zirconia or other compounds, as described in US 4,035,162, EP 595,081 or US 4,126,429, by modifying the content of impurities in the raw materials (US Pat. No. 5,567,214) or the residual carbon content in the grains, which is representative of the state redox.
- the composition of the grain according to the invention is also known, for example from FR 2 787 106.
- the inventors have observed that the abrasive properties of fused alumina-zirconia grains are related to the grain content of the grain. mixture containing inclusions and the amount of nodules in the grains.
- a concentration of nodules between 600 and 3500 nodules per mm 2 has proved advantageous for improving the abrasive properties of the grains, provided that the grain content of the mixture containing inclusions remains less than 2%.
- the mixture of grains according to the invention still has the following characteristics.
- Said concentration of nodules is greater than 600 nodules per mm 2 , preferably 900 nodules per mm 2 .
- Said concentration of nodules is less than 2500 nodules / mm 2 , preferably 2000 nodules / mm 2 , more preferably 1500 nodules / mm 2 .
- Said additive is chosen from the group formed by yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, neodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, dysprosium oxide, erbium oxide and any other compound of the rare earth family, or a mixture of these.
- TiO 2 0.1 - 3%, and / or
- SiO 2 ⁇ 0.4%, and / or
- the rate of grains containing primary corundum is between 0 and 20%.
- the subset formed by the grains of said mixture having a size between 500 and 600 microns has a grain content containing inclusions of less than 2%, preferably 1.5%, and / or a grain level containing primary zirconia comprised between 20 and 45% and / or a grain content containing primary corundum of between 0 and 20%.
- the grains of the mixture according to the invention have a size between Grit 12 and Grit 220, more preferably between Grit 16 and Grit 80.
- the abrasive performance is improved.
- the invention also relates to an abrasive tool comprising a mixture of abrasive grains bonded by a binder or deposited in a layer on a flexible support and retained by a binder, remarkable in that said mixture is in accordance with the invention.
- the invention finally relates to a method for manufacturing a mixture of grains according to the invention, comprising the following successive stages: a) mixture of raw materials, b) melting said mixed raw materials until a molten liquid is obtained; c) quenching said molten liquid, preferably such that the molten liquid is fully solidified in less than 3 minutes, until a solid mass, d) grinding said solid mass so as to obtain a mixture of grains, and, optionally, granulometric classification of said mixture, said raw materials being chosen so that the grains of said mixture have a chemical composition in accordance with that of grains of a mixture according to the invention.
- This process is remarkable in that it comprises a final selection step so as to obtain a mixture of grains according to the invention.
- the grains having, according to the FEPA standard, a size between Grit 12 and Grit 220, preferably still between Grit 16 and Grit 80, are selected.
- FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent photographs of the surface of a grain of d a mixture according to the invention on which the nodules have been surrounded, an inclusion, a primary corundum crystal, and a primary zirconia dendrite, respectively.
- the oxide contents of the grains of the mixture according to the invention relate to the overall contents for each of the corresponding chemical elements, expressed in the form of the most stable oxide, according to the usual convention of the industry; therefore include suboxides and optionally nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides, oxycarbides, carbonitrides, or even the metallic species of the above-mentioned elements.
- All the other compounds are considered as "impurities", in particular the compounds forming part of the group of oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides, oxycarbides, carbonitrides and metallic species of sodium and other alkalis, iron, silicon, vanadium and chromium.
- Hafnium oxide naturally present in zirconia sources at levels below 2%, is not considered an impurity.
- the residual carbon expressed as C, is part of the impurities of the composition of the grains of the mixture according to the invention.
- additive covers the additives conventionally used for the production of fused alumina zirconia grains, in particular stabilizers of zirconia, and in particular yttrium oxide and titanium oxide.
- oxides of magnesium, calcium and other rare earth oxides, in particular neodymium, but also lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium and erbium are included.
- the term “additive” also includes mixtures of said species.
- the melted alumina-zirconia grains of the mixture according to the invention have a ZrO 2 + HfO 2 content of between 40 and 45.5% so as to promote the formation of eutectic structures.
- the zirconia of the grains of the mixture according to the invention is present predominantly in its quadratic allotropic form to the detriment of the monoclinic form.
- a “nodule” is a metallic type defect (mainly Al, Zr,
- the nodules are mainly in the form of substantially spherical and discrete particles (isolated from each other).
- the concentration of nodules is the number of nodules per mm 2 of area of a section of a grain.
- inclusion is a defect of a carbonated nature, consisting mainly of ZrC and whose size is greater than 10 ⁇ m.
- the inclusions are mainly in an elongated form, consisting of a sequence or a cluster of carburized particles in contact with each other.
- the rate of grains containing inclusions is the percentage in number of grains having at least one inclusion.
- the "size" of a nodule or inclusion is defined by its largest dimension measured in the plane of observation of a polished section.
- primary zirconia is commonly referred to as any dendritic form defect whose origin is zirconia.
- the content of grains containing primary zirconia is given by the ratio, expressed in percent, of the number of grains having primary zirconia on the total number of grains considered on a polishing.
- primary corundum is commonly referred to as any dendritic or pre-dendritic defect of aluminous origin. As shown in Figure 3, the primary corundum appears dark gray under a microscope.
- the percentage of grains containing primary corundum is given by the ratio, expressed as a percentage, the number of grains having primary corundum on the total number of grains considered on polishing.
- the primary zirconia appears light gray under the microscope, as shown in Figure 4.
- the primary zirconia-containing grain content, the primary corundum-containing grain content, the inclusions-containing grain content, and the nodule concentration are preferably on a polished section, called "polishing", 25 mm in diameter, a cylindrical assembly consisting of abrasive grains of the mixture having a size of between 500 and 600 ⁇ m (main slice of the Grit 36) and embedded in a transparent organic resin.
- the grains of the mixture according to the invention can be manufactured according to any conventional method of manufacturing melted alumina-zirconia grains to which is added a final selection step.
- a conventional process conventionally comprises the following steps: mixing of the raw materials, melting in an electric arc furnace, quenching of the molten liquid, grinding and, optionally, classification according to the particle size.
- the properties of melted alumina-zirconia grain mixtures are related to the thermal of the molten liquid, which itself depends on the process parameters, but also strongly on the geometry of the furnace as well as its environment (flue gas collection, materials, etc.).
- the values of the process parameters are therefore determined according to the furnace used, the raw materials used, etc. so as to obtain a mixture of grains according to the invention at the end of these steps.
- the parameters can for example take the values of the method used for the examples below.
- the nodule concentration of the grains and the grain content containing inclusions of the obtained grain set must therefore be measured by sampling.
- the mixtures of grains which have the characteristics of the mixture according to the invention are then selected.
- this proportion is, in percentage by number, at least 50%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90%. More preferably, substantially all the grains of the mixture (at least 99%) have such a concentration of nodules. For economic reasons or to obtain other advantages, it may therefore be preferable to mix several mixtures until obtaining a mixture of grains according to the invention.
- the following nonlimiting examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the invention.
- the reference grain mixture is based on melted alumina-zirconia grains, produced under reducing conditions, sold under the name NZPIus® and described above.
- the products given in examples were elaborated starting from the following raw materials:
- Yttrium oxide used as an additive, is supplied by pure materials with more than 98% of yttrium oxide.
- the products were prepared according to the conventional method well known to those skilled in the art: mixing raw materials, melting in a single-phase electric arc furnace Héroult type with graphite electrodes with a furnace tank of 0.8 m in diameter, a voltage of 105-150V, an intensity of 2200 to 2500 A and a specific electrical energy supplied of 2.2 to 2.8 kWh / kg loaded.
- At least 0.5% (up to 3%) of petroleum coke is introduced into the charged composition according to the state of the oven and about 0.5 to 5.5% of aluminum chips.
- the molten liquid is then quenched by means of a metal thin-film casting device such as that disclosed in US-A-3,993,119.
- the grains are then crushed and classified according to their grain size; we retain granulometries between the Grit 12 and the Grit 220 (FEPA standard) that is to say grains whose size is between 45 microns and 2.8 mm.
- the grains obtained are chemically characterized by X-ray fluorescence.
- the set of chemical analysis data is collated in Table 1.
- the level of impurities (excluding residual carbon) varies between 0.3 and 0.8%.
- the complement corresponds to the level of alumina.
- the concentration of nodules, the content of grains containing inclusions, the content of grains containing primary zirconia, and the content of grains containing primary corundum are also measured by visual analysis of photos.
- the photos (figures 1 to 4) are obtained using a Reichert® microscope connected to an image analysis station equipped with Visilog® software. The measurements are made on polishing 25 mm in diameter consisting of abrasive grains embedded in a transparent organic resin, the grains incorporated in the polishing having a size of between 500 and 600 microns. In the microscopic photos, the nodules appear in very bright light gray (see Figure 1).
- the microscope is adjusted to a magnification of 20Ox.
- the number of nodules per mm 2 of surface of the polished section of a grain is then counted.
- the calculation is repeated on two other zones of the polished section of the grain. The average of the three measurements gives the concentration of nodules for a given sample.
- the microscope is adjusted to a magnification of 50x.
- the number of grains having at least one visible inclusion is then counted on the visualized image. Counting is performed on the entire surface of the 25 mm diameter polishing. It is considered that a grain has an inclusion when one observes at least one bright spot of carbolic origin greater than 10 ⁇ m inside thereof.
- the value of the grain level containing inclusions is given by the ratio of the number of grains having at least one inclusion on the number of grains counted.
- the microscope is adjusted to a magnification of 10Ox.
- the number of grains with primary corundum dendrites and the number of primary corundum-free grains are then counted up to 100 grains in either category.
- a grain is considered to have primary corundum when at least one primary corundum dendrite is observed within it.
- the value of grain content containing primary corundum is given by the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the number of grains having primary corundum on the total number of grains counted.
- the microscope is set to a magnification of 100x. The number of grains with primary zirconia dendrites and the number of primary zirconia-free grains are then counted until 100 grains of either category are counted.
- a grain is considered to have primary zirconia when at least one primary zirconia dendrite is observed therein.
- the value of the grain content containing primary zirconia is given by the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the number of grains having primary zirconia on the total number of grains counted.
- Test A Determination of abrasiveness
- Test A is designed to determine the ability of the test kernels to pull material into a steel grinding bowl. Prior to the test, the grain mixture is first screened on an industry standard ROTAP® vibratory sieve so as to separate the fractions and isolate the 710/850 ⁇ m fraction to represent the F24 number grain. (Grit 24) according to the FEPA standard useful for this test.
- the granulometric fraction is then stripped by magnetic separation so as to extract the metallic iron symptomatic of a pollution due to grinding.
- AUREC® type T100 rotary grinder commonly used for grinding powders for chemical analysis. This grinder is mounted on suspension (6 springs) and sets in motion a hollow cylindrical bowl containing grains to be tested, a puck and a sliding free ring.
- the cylindrical grinding bowl made of steel (grade Z160 C 12) has the following dimensions: height 50 mm, internal diameter 139 mm.
- the puck is a full cylinder (diameter 75 mm, height 45 mm) steel grade Z200C12 and weighs 1546 grams.
- the cylindrical ring (inner / outer diameter 95 / 120mm, height 45mm) is steel of the same grade Z200C12 and weighs 1464 grams.
- the test A of a sample comprises the following steps.
- test A the abrasive power
- Test B aims to determine the fraction of surviving grains of a given particle size range: 710-850 ⁇ m after a solicitation in a steel grinding bowl: it constitutes a dynamic evaluation of the mechanical strength of the grains.
- test B as for test A.
- the test B of a sample then comprises the following steps. 1- Clean the bowl with compressed air.
- T1 + T2 is the sum of the refusals, by weight, of the first two sieves
- test B the value of the impact resistance (test B), given in percent, corresponds to the T1 + T2 value of the tested sample relative to the value T1 + T2 of the reference sample. A high value indicates good grain strength at impact.
- the concentration of nodules is greater than 500, preferably 600, more preferably 900, and is less than 2500 nodules / mm 2 , preferably 1500 nodules / mm 2 .
- the grain content of the mixture containing inclusions is preferably less than 1.5%.
- the concentration of nodules is greater than 950 nodules / mm 2 , preferably greater than 1000 nodules / mm 2 .
- each abrasive grain consists of eutectic cells oriented along the growth front of the AI 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 eutectic ("colony” morphology) and separated by grain boundaries more specifically called "cell joints". ".
- the presence of micro ⁇ defects such as nodules inside the eutectic cells means that the fracturing is no longer preferentially done at the level of the cell joints but in a privileged manner inside the eutectic cells themselves.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown as illustrative and non-limiting examples.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0406919A FR2872157B1 (fr) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondus |
| PCT/FR2005/001587 WO2006010823A1 (fr) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-23 | Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1765743A1 true EP1765743A1 (fr) | 2007-03-28 |
Family
ID=34948174
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05778806A Ceased EP1765743A1 (fr) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-23 | Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondus |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8043392B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1765743A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4901728B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR101248969B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101001817B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2005266295B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0512515B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2571810C (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2872157B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2368589C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006010823A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200700454B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8545582B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2013-10-01 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive articles including fused zirconia alumina grain having an improved shape |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2913013B1 (fr) * | 2007-02-23 | 2009-12-18 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Bloc refractaire fondu et coule a forte teneur en zircone |
| EP2150149B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-10 | 2013-05-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Brosse et filament abrasifs |
| CN101219895B (zh) * | 2008-01-22 | 2010-12-08 | 王恩远 | 硅酸锆陶瓷喷砂珠 |
| FR2936970B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-12-24 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Grains fondus abrasifs |
| FR2940276B1 (fr) * | 2008-12-22 | 2011-02-04 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Bloc refractaire et four de fusion de verre |
| FR2943054B1 (fr) * | 2009-03-11 | 2013-11-29 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondus |
| FR2948934B1 (fr) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-07-29 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Grains d'alumine-zircone fondus. |
| EP2569385B1 (fr) | 2010-05-10 | 2015-01-28 | Center for Abrasives and Refractories Research & Development C.A.R.R.D. GmbH | Grains abrasifs à base de corindon de zircone |
| DE102010047690A1 (de) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | Vsm-Vereinigte Schmirgel- Und Maschinen-Fabriken Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Zirkonia-verstärkten Alumina-Schleifkörnern und hierdurch hergestellte Schleifkörner |
| FR2966824B1 (fr) * | 2010-10-29 | 2013-04-05 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Particule en matiere ceramique fondue. |
| CN102358826B (zh) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-08-07 | 湖南皓志新材料股份有限公司 | 一种铝掺杂的氧化锆复合抛光粉的制备方法 |
| CN103074032B (zh) * | 2011-10-26 | 2014-03-05 | 詹学良 | 一种稀土刚玉复合磨料 |
| DE102013106372B4 (de) | 2013-06-19 | 2018-08-23 | Center For Abrasives And Refractories Research & Development C.A.R.R.D. Gmbh | Schleifkörner auf Basis von eutektischem Zirkonkorund |
| CN104446397B (zh) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-08-24 | 中南大学 | 一种硬质合金用亚微米晶陶瓷涂层及制备方法 |
| ITUA20163921A1 (it) | 2016-05-30 | 2017-11-30 | Mayer Textilmaschf | Apparecchiatura multifunzionale per la tintura in continuo di catene di ordito per tessuti. |
| DE102020116845B4 (de) | 2020-06-25 | 2024-02-22 | Imertech Sas | Zirkonkorund-Schleifkörner mit hohem SiO2-Anteil und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| CN113277846B (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市精而美精密陶瓷科技有限公司 | 氧化铝原位复合氧化锆陶瓷粉体、陶瓷制备方法及应用 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3181939A (en) * | 1961-01-27 | 1965-05-04 | Norton Co | Fused alumina-zirconia abrasives |
| US3891408A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1975-06-24 | Norton Co | Zirconia-alumina abrasive grain and grinding tools |
| US3881282A (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1975-05-06 | Norton Co | Abrasive grain of fused alumina-zirconia-ceria alloy |
| US4035162A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1977-07-12 | Corning Glass Works | Fused abrasive grains consisting essentially of corundum, zirconia and R2 O3 |
| US3993119A (en) * | 1974-11-08 | 1976-11-23 | Norton Company | Progressively or continuously cycled mold for forming and discharging a fine crystalline material |
| US4126429A (en) * | 1975-12-15 | 1978-11-21 | Norton Company | Co-fused alumina-zirconia alloy abrasive containing magnesium oxide |
| DE2724376C3 (de) * | 1977-05-28 | 1979-11-15 | Institut Fuer Rundfunktechnik Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Messen der Empfangsqualität eines frequenzmodulierten UKW-Signals |
| US4457767A (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1984-07-03 | Norton Company | Alumina-zirconia abrasive |
| DE4306966C1 (de) * | 1992-10-19 | 1994-01-20 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Schleifkorn auf der Basis von Zirkonkorund, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
| RU2138463C1 (ru) * | 1993-03-05 | 1999-09-27 | Корунд Лауфенбург ГмбХ | Способ получения абразивного зерна на основе циркониевого корунда |
| US5567214A (en) * | 1995-05-03 | 1996-10-22 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Process for production of alumina/zirconia materials |
| US7011689B2 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2006-03-14 | Societe Europeenne Des Produits Refractaires | Melted alumina-zirconia ceramic grains, abrasive tools and refractory parts produced from said grains |
| FR2787106B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-09 | 2002-01-04 | Produits Refractaires | Grains ceramiques fondus alumine-zircone, outils abrasifs et pieces refractaires produits a partir de ces grains |
-
2004
- 2004-06-24 FR FR0406919A patent/FR2872157B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-06-23 US US11/630,508 patent/US8043392B2/en active Active
- 2005-06-23 CN CN200580020894XA patent/CN101001817B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-06-23 RU RU2006145844/03A patent/RU2368589C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-06-23 ZA ZA200700454A patent/ZA200700454B/xx unknown
- 2005-06-23 AU AU2005266295A patent/AU2005266295B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-06-23 EP EP05778806A patent/EP1765743A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-06-23 WO PCT/FR2005/001587 patent/WO2006010823A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-06-23 BR BRPI0512515A patent/BRPI0512515B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2005-06-23 KR KR1020077001675A patent/KR101248969B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-23 JP JP2007517364A patent/JP4901728B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-23 CA CA2571810A patent/CA2571810C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006010823A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8545582B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2013-10-01 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive articles including fused zirconia alumina grain having an improved shape |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101001817B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
| US20080028685A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
| CN101001817A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
| CA2571810C (fr) | 2013-01-08 |
| RU2006145844A (ru) | 2008-07-27 |
| KR101248969B1 (ko) | 2013-03-29 |
| AU2005266295B2 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| FR2872157A1 (fr) | 2005-12-30 |
| US8043392B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
| WO2006010823A1 (fr) | 2006-02-02 |
| ZA200700454B (en) | 2008-11-26 |
| KR20070051843A (ko) | 2007-05-18 |
| BRPI0512515B1 (pt) | 2016-03-08 |
| JP4901728B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
| RU2368589C2 (ru) | 2009-09-27 |
| BRPI0512515A (pt) | 2008-03-11 |
| AU2005266295A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
| CA2571810A1 (fr) | 2006-02-02 |
| JP2008503437A (ja) | 2008-02-07 |
| FR2872157B1 (fr) | 2006-10-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2571810C (fr) | Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondus | |
| EP1149060B1 (fr) | Grains ceramiques fondus alumine-zircone, outils abrasifs et pieces refractaires produits a partir de ces grains | |
| EP2257509B1 (fr) | Grains fondus et revetus de silice | |
| CA2715053C (fr) | Poudre de grains abrasifs | |
| EP2462081B1 (fr) | Grains d'alumine-zircone fondus | |
| EP1613709B1 (fr) | Grains ceramiques fondus a base d'alumine et de magnesie | |
| WO2023111156A1 (fr) | Grain fondu à base d'alumine | |
| EP2337655B1 (fr) | Grains fondus abrasifs | |
| EP2406201B1 (fr) | Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondu | |
| EP4255868A1 (fr) | Grain fondu a base d'alumine | |
| EP3414212B1 (fr) | Grains d'alumine-zircone fondus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20070116 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20090924 |
|
| APBK | Appeal reference recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREFNE |
|
| APBN | Date of receipt of notice of appeal recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA2E |
|
| APBR | Date of receipt of statement of grounds of appeal recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA3E |
|
| APAF | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNE |
|
| APBT | Appeal procedure closed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA9E |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R003 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 20150629 |