EP1760744A1 - Vacuum circuit breaker with an arc moved by a permanent magnet - Google Patents

Vacuum circuit breaker with an arc moved by a permanent magnet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1760744A1
EP1760744A1 EP05405517A EP05405517A EP1760744A1 EP 1760744 A1 EP1760744 A1 EP 1760744A1 EP 05405517 A EP05405517 A EP 05405517A EP 05405517 A EP05405517 A EP 05405517A EP 1760744 A1 EP1760744 A1 EP 1760744A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
arc
axis
switching
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05405517A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Schacherer
Felix Rager
Kaveh Sattar khan ave. 1st Daryan Niayaesh
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to EP05405517A priority Critical patent/EP1760744A1/en
Publication of EP1760744A1 publication Critical patent/EP1760744A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/001—Means for preventing or breaking contact-welding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such operating under vacuum switch is preferably used in medium voltage networks with rated voltages up to about 72 kV and is used to turn on and off a variety of alternating currents, in particular the switching of load currents all imaginable impedances as well as short-circuit and overcurrents.
  • this switch should also cover switching cases enumerated by the authorities responsible for the energy industry in examination regulations.
  • Such regulations include, for example, the switching of capacitive currents, such as those occurring when charging or discharging a capacitor bank.
  • switching surges generated by flashbacks may occur in such switching operations, which may possibly lead to failure of a component or even the entire medium-voltage network as lightning strikes.
  • a switch of the type mentioned is described in DE 198 46 435 A1 ,
  • the described switch has a switching point arranged in a vacuum chamber and containing two arc electrodes. With the aid of a rod guided vacuum-tight from the vacuum chamber, the two electrodes can be displaced relative to each other when opening the switching point to form a separating gap along an axis.
  • the object is to provide a circuit breaker of the type mentioned, which can turn off largely free of recirculation.
  • a generator operable independently of the switch current is provided for generating a magnetic field acting in the separating gap.
  • This magnetic field generator is arranged in such a way that the magnetic field is aligned substantially perpendicular to the axis after the deletion of a switching arc arising when switching off. After erasing the switching arc therefore act on optionally located in the separation gap charge carriers not only strong axially directed forces, which are caused by the impressed by the recurring voltage strong electric field and which accelerate from the arc electrodes passing thermal electrons to the anode acting as an arc electrode, but at the same time also strong radially directed electromagnetic forces. These radially directed forces are caused by the magnetic field and the movement of the charge carriers perpendicular to the field direction.
  • the dielectric strength of the switch after deleting the switching arc now no longer significantly lower because the charge carriers due to the radial component of motion not more can be achieved by the shortest route from the inhomogeneities of the cathode to the associated inhomogeneities of the anode.
  • the charge carriers are forced to travel a longer distance and strike, at least in part, in addition to the inhomogeneities of the anode on an undamaged area of the electrode surface.
  • the inhomogeneities can therefore not reduce the dielectric strength of the switch so much. The frequency of occurrence of flashbacks after extinguishing the arc is thus significantly reduced.
  • the probability of a flashback is particularly small when the magnetic field in the separating gap has a strength sufficient to radially displace the charge carriers present in the separating gap after the arc quenching, that the majority of the charge carriers in addition to the inhomogeneities generated during the switch-on on the anode acting arc electrode impinges.
  • the magnetic field generator can be realized by a permanent magnet, between the two poles of the separation gap is arranged.
  • an arrangement of the magnet outside the vacuum chamber is generally particularly advantageous.
  • the magnet can also be arranged in the vacuum chamber of the switch.
  • the magnetic field generator may have two permanent magnets placed diametrically to the axis, which are aligned in the same direction along a straight line guided through the axis. An additional field enhancement is achieved when the north pole of the first permanent magnet is magnetically connected to the south pole of the second permanent magnet.
  • reference numeral 10 designates a cathode electrode as the cathode and numeral 20 an arc electrode acting as an anode of a switching point loaded with an alternating voltage of, for example, 70 kV and 50 Hz.
  • the inhomogeneities 30 and 31 are impressed in the opposing electrode surfaces. These inhomogeneities can form when a capacitive current is switched on. If, for example, the switch is used to switch a capacitor battery and the width of a separating gap 40 bounded by the two arc electrodes 10, 20 is reduced when the switch is switched on, an arc is pre-ignited in the separating gap.
  • the hereby briefly flowing, very large capacitive charging or discharging currents can melt the surfaces of the arc electrodes 10, 20.
  • the electrodes When the switch is closed, the electrodes can then be welded, which, when the switch is opened, causes the welding points to tear apart to form the inhomogeneities 30, 31.
  • Each inhomogeneity 30, 31 generally consists of a localized, uneven surface area.
  • the inhomogeneity 31 has an uneven surface area produced by arc craters and metal splashes.
  • These uneven, inhomogeneous areas of the electrode surfaces reduce the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker, so that, when switched off, breakdown of the dielectrically heavily loaded separating gap 40 may occur.
  • Such a breakdown when switched off in the form of flashbacks or short duration residual discharge (NSDD), can result in undesirably high electrical loading on one or more components of the network.
  • a strong electric field forms between the inhomogeneities 30, 31, in which an energy flux 50 flowing in the direction of the arrow is guided.
  • the energy flow is fed by thermal electrodes, which emerge at the arc electrode 10 connected as cathode, preferably in the region of inhomogeneity 30, into the separating gap 40 and are accelerated to the electrode 20 connected as anode.
  • the energy flow is heated
  • electron bombardment areas of the anode surface which are formed by the inhomogeneity 31. Since these areas are uneven and largely contain thermally insulated parts such as metal splashes and arc craters, only little heat can be extracted from these areas. It is now possible for thermal electrons to form in these regions and to enter the dielectric strongly loaded gap 40. This can lead to unwanted flashback at power off.
  • the inhomogeneity 31 is no longer bombarded by the energy flow 50 with electrons, but these fast electrons now strike a region of the surface of the anode 20 which is free of inhomogeneities. In this area, the heat generated by the electron bombardment can rapidly pass from the bombarded surface area to the interior of the anode. As a result, locally overheated surface areas and thus undesirable sources of thermal electrons are effectively suppressed. The probability that it comes to a flashback, therefore, is much lower than in a comparably designed and connected in a similar network vacuum switch according to the prior art.
  • the two arc electrodes 10, 20 are arranged in a vacuum chamber 70.
  • the vacuum chamber has a housing formed by a tubular insulator 71 and two arranged on the two end faces of the insulator 71 metal plates 72, 73 housing.
  • the two arc electrodes 10, 20 are arranged on the axis 60, which corresponds to the tube axis of the insulator.
  • the electrodes 10 resp. 20 are respectively at the end of an electrically conductive rod 11, respectively. 21, which are aligned along the axis 60, attached.
  • the the Arc electrode 20 carrying rod 21 is fixedly held on the plate 73. A vacuum-tight led out of the housing end of this rod 21 is connected to a power connector 22 of the switch.
  • the arc electrode 10 holding rod 11 is guided axially displaceably through an opening of the plate 72.
  • a projecting into the vacuum chamber 70 bellows 74 whose upper end is fixed to the rod 11 and whose lower end in the region of the edge of the opening to the plate 72, the vacuum tightness of the chamber 70 is ensured.
  • the guided from the vacuum chamber 70 end of the rod 11 is non-positively connected to a drive which generates an axially directed, symbolized by a double arrow push movement.
  • the magnetic field is generated by a generator 80 which includes a permanent magnet 81. Between north N and south pole S of the magnet of the separation gap 40 is arranged.
  • a generator 80 which includes a permanent magnet 81.
  • Such a magnet may for example have a horseshoe shape.
  • the magnetic field generator can also have two permanent magnets 82, 83 which are arranged diametrically to the axis 60 and which are aligned in the same direction along a straight line guided perpendicularly through the axis.
  • this magnetic field generator 80 designed as a ring made of ferromagnetic material compound 84 is provided, which connects the south pole of the permanent magnet 82 with the north pole of the permanent magnet 83 and so interconnects the two magnets into a magnetic circuit.
  • a large magnetic induction B is achieved in a separating gap 40 receiving air gap of the magnetic circuit.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

The power switch has switching points containing arc electrodes (10,20), arranged in a vacuum chamber. A magnetic field generator (80) generates magnetic field effecting in a cutting slit (40), independent of the switching current. The generator is arranged such that the magnetic field is aligned perpendicular to the axis, after the discharge of the switching arc arising during the disconnection of the power switch. The electrodes are movable relative to one another along an axis under the formation of a separation gap.

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Leistungsschalter nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. Ein solcher unter Vakuum arbeitender Schalter wird bevorzugt in Mittelspannungsnetzen mit Nennspannungen bis ca. 72 kV eingesetzt und dient dem Ein- und Ausschalten unterschiedlichster Wechselströme, wie insbesondere dem Schalten von Lastströmen bei allen erdenklichen Impedanzen sowie von Kurzschluss- und Überströmen. Abgesehen von solchen Standardanwendungen sollte dieser Schalter aber auch Schaltfälle beherrschen, die von den für Energiewirtschaft zuständigen Behörden in Prüfungsvorschriften aufgezählt sind. Solche Vorschriften umfassen beispielsweise das Schalten kapazitiver Ströme, etwa solcher, wie sie beim Laden oder Entladen einer Kondensatorbatterie auftreten. Je nach Ausbildung des Schalters und des Netzes können bei solchen Schaltvorgängen durch Rückzündungen erzeugte Schaltüberspannungen auftreten, welche wie Blitzeinschläge gegebenenfalls zum Ausfall einer Komponente oder sogar des gesamten Mittelspannungsnetzes führen können.The present invention relates to a circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1. Such operating under vacuum switch is preferably used in medium voltage networks with rated voltages up to about 72 kV and is used to turn on and off a variety of alternating currents, in particular the switching of load currents all imaginable impedances as well as short-circuit and overcurrents. Apart from such standard applications, however, this switch should also cover switching cases enumerated by the authorities responsible for the energy industry in examination regulations. Such regulations include, for example, the switching of capacitive currents, such as those occurring when charging or discharging a capacitor bank. Depending on the design of the switch and the network, switching surges generated by flashbacks may occur in such switching operations, which may possibly lead to failure of a component or even the entire medium-voltage network as lightning strikes.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Ein Schalter der eingangs genannten Art ist beschrieben in DE 198 46 435 A1 . Der beschriebene Schalter weist eine in einer Vakuumkammer angeordnete und zwei Lichtbogenelektroden enthaltenden Schaltstelle auf. Mit Hilfe einer vakuumdicht aus der Vakuumkammer geführten Stange können die beiden Elektroden beim Öffnen der Schaltstelle unter Bildung eines Trennspalts längs einer Achse relativ zueinander verschoben werden.A switch of the type mentioned is described in DE 198 46 435 A1 , The described switch has a switching point arranged in a vacuum chamber and containing two arc electrodes. With the aid of a rod guided vacuum-tight from the vacuum chamber, the two electrodes can be displaced relative to each other when opening the switching point to form a separating gap along an axis.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen angegeben ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Leistungsschalter der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welcher weitgehend rückzündungsfrei ausschalten kann.The invention, as indicated in the claims, the object is to provide a circuit breaker of the type mentioned, which can turn off largely free of recirculation.

Beim erfindungsgemässen Leistungsschalter ist ein unabhängig vom Schalterstrom betreibbarer Generator zur Erzeugung eines im Trennspalt wirkenden Magnetfelds vorgesehen. Dieser Magnetfeldgenerator ist derart angeordnet, dass das Magnetfeld nach dem Löschen eines beim Ausschalten entstehenden Schaltlichtbogens im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Achse ausgerichtet ist. Nach dem Löschen des Schaltlichtbogens wirken daher auf gegebenenfalls im Trennspalt befindliche Ladungsträger nicht nur starke axial gerichtete Kräfte, weiche durch das von der wiederkehrenden Spannung aufgeprägte starke elektrische Feld hervorgerufen werden und welche aus den Lichtbogenelektroden tretende thermische Elektronen zu der als Anode wirkenden Lichtbogenelektrode beschleunigen, sondern zugleich auch starke radial gerichtete elektromagnetische Kräfte. Diese radial gerichteten Kräfte werden durch das Magnetfeld und die senkrecht zur Feldrichtung erfolgende Bewegung der Ladungsträger hervorgerufen. Vorhandene Inhomogenitäten in den Bereichen der Elektrodenoberflächen, welche beim Einschalten infolge Vorzündung und nachfolgender Schmelz-, Verschweiss- und Aufbrechvorgänge hervorgerufen werden, können die dielektrische Festigkeit des Schalters nach dem Löschen des Schaltlichtbogens nun nicht mehr wesentlich herabsetzen, da die Ladungsträger infolge der radialen Bewegungskomponente nicht mehr auf kürzestem Weg von den Inhomogenitäten der Kathode zu den zugeordneten Inhomogenitäten der Anode gelangen können. Die Ladungsträger sind gezwungen, einen längeren Weg zu durchlaufen und treffen zumindest zum Teil neben den Inhomogenitäten der Anode auf einen unbeschädigten Bereich der Elektrodenoberfläche auf. Die Inhomogenitäten können daher die dielektrische Festigkeit des Schalters nicht mehr so stark herabsetzen. Die Häufigkeit des Auftretens von Rückzündungen nach dem Löschen des Lichtbogens wird so erheblich reduziert.In the circuit breaker according to the invention, a generator operable independently of the switch current is provided for generating a magnetic field acting in the separating gap. This magnetic field generator is arranged in such a way that the magnetic field is aligned substantially perpendicular to the axis after the deletion of a switching arc arising when switching off. After erasing the switching arc therefore act on optionally located in the separation gap charge carriers not only strong axially directed forces, which are caused by the impressed by the recurring voltage strong electric field and which accelerate from the arc electrodes passing thermal electrons to the anode acting as an arc electrode, but at the same time also strong radially directed electromagnetic forces. These radially directed forces are caused by the magnetic field and the movement of the charge carriers perpendicular to the field direction. Existing inhomogeneities in the areas of the electrode surfaces, which are caused by switching on as a result of pre-ignition and subsequent melting, welding and Aufbrechvorgänge, the dielectric strength of the switch after deleting the switching arc now no longer significantly lower because the charge carriers due to the radial component of motion not more can be achieved by the shortest route from the inhomogeneities of the cathode to the associated inhomogeneities of the anode. The charge carriers are forced to travel a longer distance and strike, at least in part, in addition to the inhomogeneities of the anode on an undamaged area of the electrode surface. The inhomogeneities can therefore not reduce the dielectric strength of the switch so much. The frequency of occurrence of flashbacks after extinguishing the arc is thus significantly reduced.

Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Rückzündung wird besonders klein, wenn das Magnetfeld im Trennspalt eine Stärke aufweist, die ausreicht, um die im Trennspalt nach der Lichtbogenlöschung vorhandenen Ladungsträger radial soweit zu verschieben, dass der überwiegende Teil der Ladungsträger neben den beim Einschaltvorgang erzeugten Inhomogenitäten auf die als Anode wirkende Lichtbogenelektrode auftrifft.The probability of a flashback is particularly small when the magnetic field in the separating gap has a strength sufficient to radially displace the charge carriers present in the separating gap after the arc quenching, that the majority of the charge carriers in addition to the inhomogeneities generated during the switch-on on the anode acting arc electrode impinges.

In technisch einfacher Weise lässt sich der Magnetfeldgenerator durch einen Permanentmagneten realisieren, zwischen dessen beiden Polen der Trennspalt angeordnet ist. Aus Kostengründen ist eine Anordnung des Magneten ausserhalb der Vakuumkammer im Allgemeinen besonders vorteilhaft. Falls ein besonders starkes Magnetfeld benötigt wird, kann der Magnet auch in der Vakuumkammer des Schalters angeordnet sein. Zur Erzielung eines starken Magnetfeldes kann der Magnetfeldgenerator zwei diametral zur Achse gelegte Permanentmagnete aufweisen, welche gleichsinnig längs einer senkrecht durch die Achse geführten Geraden ausgerichtet sind. Eine zusätzliche Feldverstärkung wird erreicht, wenn der Nordpol des ersten Permanentmagneten mit dem Südpol des zweiten Permanentmagneten magnetisch verbunden ist.In a technically simple manner, the magnetic field generator can be realized by a permanent magnet, between the two poles of the separation gap is arranged. For cost reasons, an arrangement of the magnet outside the vacuum chamber is generally particularly advantageous. If a particularly strong magnetic field is required, the magnet can also be arranged in the vacuum chamber of the switch. To achieve a strong magnetic field, the magnetic field generator may have two permanent magnets placed diametrically to the axis, which are aligned in the same direction along a straight line guided through the axis. An additional field enhancement is achieved when the north pole of the first permanent magnet is magnetically connected to the south pole of the second permanent magnet.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Anhand von Zeichnungen wird nachfolgend ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen die Figuren 1 und 2 jeweils eine schematische Darstellung des Energieflusses vor einer Rückzündung in einer Kontaktanordnung eines Leistungsschalters nach dem Stand der Technik (Fig.1) und nach der Erfindung (Fig.2) jeweils beim Ausschalten, und zeigen

Fig.3
eine Schnittansicht einer vereinfacht dargestellten Ausführungsform des Leistungsschalters nach der Erfindung bei einem Schaltvorgang, und
Fig.4
eine Draufsicht auf einen im erfindungsgemässen Schalter eingesetzten Magnetfeldgenerator.
With reference to drawings, an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below. In this case, Figures 1 and 2 each show a schematic representation of the energy flow from a flashback in a contact arrangement of a circuit breaker according to the prior art (Figure 1) and according to the invention (Figure 2) each at power off, and show
Figure 3
a sectional view of a simplified illustrated embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention in a switching operation, and
Figure 4
a plan view of a magnetic field generator used in the inventive switch.

WEG ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAY FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In allen Figuren beziehen sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleichwirkende Teile. In den Figuren 1 und 2 bezeichnet das Bezugszeichen 10 eine als Kathode und das Bezugszeichen 20 eine als Anode wirkende Lichtbogenelektrode einer mit einer Wechselspannung von beispielsweise 70 kV und 50 Hz belasteten Schaltstelle. In den Lichtbogenelektroden 10 und 20 sind in den einander gegenüberstehenden Elektrodenoberflächen die Inhomogenitäten 30 und 31 eingeprägt. Diese Inhomogenitäten können sich beim Einschalten eines kapazitiven Stroms bilden. Dient der Schalter beispielsweise dem Schalten einer Kondensatorbatterie und reduziert sich beim Einschalten des Schalters die Breite eines von den beiden Lichtbogenelektroden 10, 20 begrenzten Trennspalts 40, so wird im Trennspalt ein Lichtbogen vorgezündet. Die hierbei kurzzeitig fliessenden, sehr grossen kapazitiven Lade- oder Entladeströme können die Oberflächen der Lichtbogenelektroden 10, 20 aufschmelzen. Bei geschlossenem Schalter können dann die Elektroden verschweissen, was beim Öffnen des Schalters zum Auseinanderreissen der Schweissstellen unter Bildung der Inhomogenitäten 30, 31 führt. Jede Inhomogenität 30, 31 besteht im Allgemeinen aus einem lokalisierten, unebenen Oberflächenbereich. Bei der zuvor als Anode geschalteten Lichtbogenelektrode 20 weist die Inhomogenität 31 einen durch Lichtbogenkrater und Metallspritzer erzeugten unebenen Oberflächenbereich auf. Diese unebenen, inhomogenen Bereiche der Elektrodenoberflächen setzen die Spannungsfestigkeit des Leistungsschalters herab, so dass es beim Ausschalten gegebenenfalls zu einem Durchschlag des dielektrisch stark belasteten Trennspalts 40 kommen kann. Solch ein Durchschlag kann beim Ausschalten in Form von Rückzündungen oder von kurzzeitig andauernden Störentladungen (NSDD) zu einer unerwünscht hohen elektrischen Belastung einer oder mehrerer Komponenten des Netzes führen.In all figures, like reference numerals refer to like-acting parts. In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 10 designates a cathode electrode as the cathode and numeral 20 an arc electrode acting as an anode of a switching point loaded with an alternating voltage of, for example, 70 kV and 50 Hz. In the arc electrodes 10 and 20, the inhomogeneities 30 and 31 are impressed in the opposing electrode surfaces. These inhomogeneities can form when a capacitive current is switched on. If, for example, the switch is used to switch a capacitor battery and the width of a separating gap 40 bounded by the two arc electrodes 10, 20 is reduced when the switch is switched on, an arc is pre-ignited in the separating gap. The hereby briefly flowing, very large capacitive charging or discharging currents can melt the surfaces of the arc electrodes 10, 20. When the switch is closed, the electrodes can then be welded, which, when the switch is opened, causes the welding points to tear apart to form the inhomogeneities 30, 31. Each inhomogeneity 30, 31 generally consists of a localized, uneven surface area. In the case of the arc electrode 20 previously connected as an anode, the inhomogeneity 31 has an uneven surface area produced by arc craters and metal splashes. These uneven, inhomogeneous areas of the electrode surfaces reduce the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker, so that, when switched off, breakdown of the dielectrically heavily loaded separating gap 40 may occur. Such a breakdown, when switched off in the form of flashbacks or short duration residual discharge (NSDD), can result in undesirably high electrical loading on one or more components of the network.

Wie aus Fig.1 ersichtlich ist, bildet sich zwischen den Inhomogenitäten 30, 31 ein starkes elektrische Feld aus, in dem ein in Pfeilrichtung strömender Energiefluss 50 geführt ist. Der Energiefluss wird von thermischen Elektroden gespeist, welche an der als Kathode geschalteten Lichtbogenelektrode 10, vorzugsweise im Bereich der Inhomogenität 30, in den Trennspalt 40 austreten und zu der als Anode geschalteten Elektrode 20 beschleunigt werden. Der Energiefluss erwärmt so infolge von Elektronenbeschuss Bereiche der Anodenoberfläche, welche durch die Inhomogenität 31 gebildet sind. Da diese Bereiche uneben sind und weitgehend thermisch isolierte Teile wie Metallspritzer und Lichtbogenkrater enthalten, kann diesen Bereichen nur wenig Wärme entzogen werden. Es können sich nun auch in diesen Bereichen thermische Elektronen bilden und in den dielektrisch stark belasteten Spalt 40 treten. Dies kann zu einer unerwünschten Rückzündung beim Ausschalten führen.As can be seen from FIG. 1, a strong electric field forms between the inhomogeneities 30, 31, in which an energy flux 50 flowing in the direction of the arrow is guided. The energy flow is fed by thermal electrodes, which emerge at the arc electrode 10 connected as cathode, preferably in the region of inhomogeneity 30, into the separating gap 40 and are accelerated to the electrode 20 connected as anode. The energy flow is heated Thus, due to electron bombardment areas of the anode surface, which are formed by the inhomogeneity 31. Since these areas are uneven and largely contain thermally insulated parts such as metal splashes and arc craters, only little heat can be extracted from these areas. It is now possible for thermal electrons to form in these regions and to enter the dielectric strongly loaded gap 40. This can lead to unwanted flashback at power off.

Im Unterschied zu Fig.1 ist in Fig.2 der Energiefluss 50 radial abgelenkt und nun nicht mehr auf die Inhomogenität 31 geführt. Dies ist eine Folge eines im Trennspalt 40 wirkenden und senkrecht zur Achse 60 ausgerichteten Magnetfelds mit der magnetischen Induktion B, welches unabhängig von einem im Schalter geführten Strom ist. Die den Energiefluss 50 speisenden thermischen Elektronen bewegen sich auf ihrem Weg von der Kathode 10 zur Anode 20 überwiegend senkrecht zum Magnetfeld. Daher werden diese Elektronen und damit auch der Energiefluss 50 in radialer Richtung, hier ersichtlich nach rechts, abgelenkt. Beim Ausschalten wird daher die Inhomogenität 31 nun nicht mehr vom Energiefluss 50 mit Elektronen beschossen, sondern diese schnellen Elektronen treffen jetzt auf einen Bereich der Oberfläche der Anode 20 auf, der frei von Inhomogenitäten ist. In diesem Bereich kann die durch den Elektronenbeschuss gebildete Wärme rasch von dem beschossenen Oberflächenbereich ins Innere der Anode gelangen. Hierdurch werden lokal überhitzte Oberflächenbereiche und damit unerwünschte Quellen für thermische Elektronen wirksam unterdrückt. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass es zu einer Rückzündung kommt, ist daher wesentlich geringer als bei einem vergleichbar ausgebildeten und in ein vergleichbares Netz geschalteten Vakuumschalter nach dem Stand der Technik.In contrast to FIG. 1, in FIG. 2 the energy flux 50 is deflected radially and is no longer guided to the inhomogeneity 31. This is a consequence of a magnetic field acting in the separating gap 40 and oriented perpendicular to the axis 60 with the magnetic induction B, which is independent of a guided in the switch current. The thermal electrons that feed the energy flow 50 move predominantly perpendicular to the magnetic field on their way from the cathode 10 to the anode 20. Therefore, these electrons and thus also the energy flow 50 in the radial direction, here to the right, deflected. When switching off, therefore, the inhomogeneity 31 is no longer bombarded by the energy flow 50 with electrons, but these fast electrons now strike a region of the surface of the anode 20 which is free of inhomogeneities. In this area, the heat generated by the electron bombardment can rapidly pass from the bombarded surface area to the interior of the anode. As a result, locally overheated surface areas and thus undesirable sources of thermal electrons are effectively suppressed. The probability that it comes to a flashback, therefore, is much lower than in a comparably designed and connected in a similar network vacuum switch according to the prior art.

Bei der in Fig.3 dargestellten Ausführungsform des Vakuumschalters nach der Erfindung sind die beiden Lichtbogenelektroden 10, 20 in einer Vakuumkammer 70 angeordnet. Die Vakuumkammer weist ein von einem rohrförmigen Isolator 71 und zwei an den beiden Stirnseiten des Isolator 71 angeordneten Metallplatten 72, 73 gebildetes Gehäuse auf. Die beiden Lichtbogenelektroden 10, 20 sind auf der Achse 60, welche der Rohrachse des Isolators entspricht, angeordnet. Die Elektroden 10 resp. 20 sind jeweils am Ende einer elektrisch leitenden Stange 11 resp. 21, welche längs der Achse 60 ausgerichtet sind, befestigt. Die die Lichtbogenelektrode 20 tragende Stange 21 ist feststehend an der Platte 73 gehalten. Ein vakuumdicht aus dem Gehäuse geführtes Ende dieser Stange 21 ist mit einem Stromanschluss 22 des Schalters verbunden. Die die Lichtbogenelektrode 10 haltende Stange 11 ist axial verschieblich durch eine Öffnung der Platte 72 geführt. Mit Hilfe eines in die Vakuumkammer 70 ragenden Faltenbalgs 74, dessen oberes Ende an der Stange 11 und dessen unteres Ende im Bereich des Randes der Öffnung an der Platte 72 befestigt ist, ist die Vakuumdichtigkeit der Kammer 70 gewährleistet. Das aus der Vakuumkammer 70 geführte Ende der Stange 11 ist kraftschlüssig mit einem Antrieb verbunden, welcher eine axial gerichtete, durch einen Doppelpfeil symbolisierte Schubbewegung erzeugt.In the embodiment of the vacuum switch according to the invention shown in Figure 3, the two arc electrodes 10, 20 are arranged in a vacuum chamber 70. The vacuum chamber has a housing formed by a tubular insulator 71 and two arranged on the two end faces of the insulator 71 metal plates 72, 73 housing. The two arc electrodes 10, 20 are arranged on the axis 60, which corresponds to the tube axis of the insulator. The electrodes 10 resp. 20 are respectively at the end of an electrically conductive rod 11, respectively. 21, which are aligned along the axis 60, attached. The the Arc electrode 20 carrying rod 21 is fixedly held on the plate 73. A vacuum-tight led out of the housing end of this rod 21 is connected to a power connector 22 of the switch. The arc electrode 10 holding rod 11 is guided axially displaceably through an opening of the plate 72. By means of a projecting into the vacuum chamber 70 bellows 74, whose upper end is fixed to the rod 11 and whose lower end in the region of the edge of the opening to the plate 72, the vacuum tightness of the chamber 70 is ensured. The guided from the vacuum chamber 70 end of the rod 11 is non-positively connected to a drive which generates an axially directed, symbolized by a double arrow push movement.

Das Magnetfeld wird durch einen Generator 80 erzeugt, welcher einen Permanentmagneten 81 enthält. Zwischen Nord- N und Südpol S des Magneten ist der Trennspalt 40 angeordnet. Ein solcher Magnet kann beispielsweise eine Hufeisenform aufweisen.The magnetic field is generated by a generator 80 which includes a permanent magnet 81. Between north N and south pole S of the magnet of the separation gap 40 is arranged. Such a magnet may for example have a horseshoe shape.

Wie aus Fig.4 ersichtlich ist, kann der Magnetfeldgenerator auch zwei diametral zur Achse 60 angeordnete Permanentmagnete 82, 83 aufweisen, welche gleichsinnig längs einer senkrecht durch die Achse geführten Geraden ausgerichtet sind. Bei diesem Magnetfeldgenerator 80 ist eine als Ring aus ferromagnetischem Material ausgeführte Verbindung 84 vorgesehen, welche den Südpol des Permanentmagneten 82 mit dem Nordpol des Permanentmagneten 83 verbindet und so die beiden Magnete zu einem magnetischen Kreis zusammenschaltet. Hierdurch wird in einem den Trennspalt 40 aufnehmenden Luftspalt des magnetischen Kreises eine grosse magnetische Induktion B erreicht.As can be seen from FIG. 4, the magnetic field generator can also have two permanent magnets 82, 83 which are arranged diametrically to the axis 60 and which are aligned in the same direction along a straight line guided perpendicularly through the axis. In this magnetic field generator 80 designed as a ring made of ferromagnetic material compound 84 is provided, which connects the south pole of the permanent magnet 82 with the north pole of the permanent magnet 83 and so interconnects the two magnets into a magnetic circuit. As a result, a large magnetic induction B is achieved in a separating gap 40 receiving air gap of the magnetic circuit.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Lichtbogenelektrode, KathodeArc electrode, cathode
1111
Stangepole
1212
Stromanschlusspower connection
2020
Lichtbogenelektrode, AnodeArc electrode, anode
2121
Stangepole
2222
Stromanschlusspower connection
30, 3130, 31
Inhomogenitäteninhomogeneities
4040
Trennspaltseparating gap
5050
Energieflussenergy flow
6060
Achseaxis
7070
Vakuumkammervacuum chamber
7171
Isolatorinsulator
72, 7372, 73
Plattenplates
7474
Faltenbalgbellow
7575
Abschirmungenshields
8080
Magnetfeldgeneratormagnetic field generator
81, 82, 8381, 82, 83
Permanentmagnetepermanent magnets
8484
Verbindungconnection
BB
magnetische Induktionmagnetic induction

Claims (5)

Leistungsschalter mit einer in einer Vakuumkammer (70) angeordneten und zwei Lichtbogenelektroden (10, 20) enthaltenden Schaltstelle, bei dem die Elektroden beim Öffnen der Schaltstelle unter Bildung eines Trennspalts (40) längs einer Achse (60) relativ zueinander beweglich sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein unabhängig vom Schalterstrom betreibbarer Generator (80) zur Erzeugung eines im Trennspalt (40) wirkenden Magnetfelds (B) vorgesehen ist, welcher derart angeordnet ist, dass das Magnetfeld (B) nach dem Löschen eines beim Ausschalten auftretenden Schaltlichtbogens im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Achse (60) ausgerichtet ist.Circuit breaker with a switching point arranged in a vacuum chamber (70) and containing two arc electrodes (10, 20), in which the electrodes are movable relative to each other when opening the switching point to form a separating gap (40) along an axis (60), characterized in that a generator (80) which can be operated independently of the switch current is provided for producing a magnetic field (B) acting in the separating gap (40), which is arranged such that the magnetic field (B) after deleting a switching arc occurring when switching off is substantially perpendicular to the axis (60) is aligned. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnetfeld (B) im Trennspalt (40) eine Stärke aufweist, die ausreicht, um im Trennspalt (40) nach der Lichtbogenlöschung vorhandene Ladungsträger radial soweit zu verschieben, dass der überwiegende Teil der Ladungsträger neben einer bei einem Einschaltvorgang erzeugbaren Inhomogenität (31) auf der als Anode wirkenden Lichtbogenelektrode (20) auftrifft.A switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic field (B) in the separating gap (40) has a thickness sufficient to radially displace charge carriers present in the separating gap (40) after the arc quenching, that the majority of the charge carriers next to a Inhomogeneity (31) which can be generated during a switch-on process impinges on the arc electrode (20) acting as an anode. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetfeldgenerator (80) mindestens einen Permanentmagneten (81, 82, 83) aufweist, zwischen dessen beiden Polen der Trennspalt (40) angeordnet ist.Switch according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnetic field generator (80) at least one permanent magnet (81, 82, 83), between the two poles of the separating gap (40) is arranged. Schalter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetfeldgenerator (80) zwei diametral zur Achse (60) gelegte Permanentmagnete (82, 83) aufweist, welche gleichsinnig längs einer senkrecht durch die Achse (60) geführten Geraden ausgerichtet sind.Switch according to Claim 3, characterized in that the magnetic field generator (80) has two permanent magnets (82, 83) placed diametrically to the axis (60), which are aligned in the same direction along a straight line passing through the axis (60). Schalter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Nordpol des ersten (82) der beiden Permanentmagnete (82, 83) magnetisch verbunden ist mit dem Südpol des zweiten Permanentmagneten (83).Switch according to claim 4, characterized in that the north pole of the first (82) of the two permanent magnets (82, 83) is magnetically connected to the south pole of the second permanent magnet (83).
EP05405517A 2005-09-02 2005-09-02 Vacuum circuit breaker with an arc moved by a permanent magnet Withdrawn EP1760744A1 (en)

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EP05405517A EP1760744A1 (en) 2005-09-02 2005-09-02 Vacuum circuit breaker with an arc moved by a permanent magnet

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101430986B (en) * 2008-11-21 2011-07-06 郑文秀 Outdoor high-voltage permanent magnet type vacuum circuit breaker
EP2485235A1 (en) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-08 LSIS Co., Ltd. Vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker
CN102683099A (en) * 2012-05-31 2012-09-19 武汉大学 High-voltage vacuum switch
WO2013177781A1 (en) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 武汉大学 High-voltage vacuum switch
DE102012222328A1 (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft switchgear
WO2020059435A1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 三菱電機株式会社 Vacuum valve
CN114695015A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-01 西安交通大学 Vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber based on Halbach permanent magnet longitudinal magnetic field
EP4300529A1 (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-03 Abb Schweiz Ag Medium voltage or high voltage switch system with a magnetic system applying a transverse field to a vacuum switch

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JP2000021276A (en) * 1998-07-07 2000-01-21 Toshiba Corp Vacuum circuit breaker
WO2003041103A1 (en) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-15 Dav Microswitch with reduced air gap and the related microswitch upgrading method

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US3071667A (en) * 1959-08-12 1963-01-01 Gen Electric Vacuum-type circuit interrupter
JP2000021276A (en) * 1998-07-07 2000-01-21 Toshiba Corp Vacuum circuit breaker
WO2003041103A1 (en) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-15 Dav Microswitch with reduced air gap and the related microswitch upgrading method

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101430986B (en) * 2008-11-21 2011-07-06 郑文秀 Outdoor high-voltage permanent magnet type vacuum circuit breaker
RU2507624C2 (en) * 2011-02-08 2014-02-20 ЭлЭсАйЭс КО., ЛТД. Vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker
EP2485235A1 (en) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-08 LSIS Co., Ltd. Vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker
CN102637548A (en) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-15 Ls产电株式会社 Vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker
JP2012164653A (en) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-30 Ls Industrial Systems Co Ltd Vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker
CN102637548B (en) * 2011-02-08 2015-06-10 Ls产电株式会社 Vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker
US8519812B2 (en) 2011-02-08 2013-08-27 Lsis Co., Ltd. Vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker
CN102683099B (en) * 2012-05-31 2014-05-21 武汉大学 High-voltage vacuum switch
WO2013177781A1 (en) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 武汉大学 High-voltage vacuum switch
CN102683099A (en) * 2012-05-31 2012-09-19 武汉大学 High-voltage vacuum switch
DE102012222328A1 (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft switchgear
US9502195B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2016-11-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching device
DE102012222328B4 (en) * 2012-12-05 2021-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching device
WO2020059435A1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 三菱電機株式会社 Vacuum valve
CN114695015A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-01 西安交通大学 Vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber based on Halbach permanent magnet longitudinal magnetic field
CN114695015B (en) * 2022-04-28 2024-05-17 西安交通大学 Vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber based on longitudinal magnetic field of halbach permanent magnet
EP4300529A1 (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-03 Abb Schweiz Ag Medium voltage or high voltage switch system with a magnetic system applying a transverse field to a vacuum switch

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