EP1756416A1 - Fuel injection system - Google Patents

Fuel injection system

Info

Publication number
EP1756416A1
EP1756416A1 EP05735840A EP05735840A EP1756416A1 EP 1756416 A1 EP1756416 A1 EP 1756416A1 EP 05735840 A EP05735840 A EP 05735840A EP 05735840 A EP05735840 A EP 05735840A EP 1756416 A1 EP1756416 A1 EP 1756416A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
pressure accumulator
high pressure
accumulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05735840A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Peter Scheurer
Roger Busch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1756416A1 publication Critical patent/EP1756416A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/007—Venting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025—Common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023—Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/0235—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure
    • F02M63/025—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure from the common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/60—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for facilitating the starting of engines, e.g. with valves or fuel passages for keeping residual pressure in common rails

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injection system, as is known for example from DE 100 60 812 AI and as it is preferably used for internal combustion engines.
  • a fuel injection system has a high-pressure accumulator in which fuel can be stored under high pressure.
  • At least one injection valve is connected to the high-pressure accumulator, via which the fuel present in the high-pressure accumulator under high pressure can be injected into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
  • To generate the high pressure in the high-pressure accumulator there is a high-pressure pump that draws fuel from a leak oil area and compresses it and supplies it to the high-pressure accumulator.
  • a fuel pressure is built up in the high-pressure accumulator, which is necessary for a finely atomized fuel injection
  • Switching off the internal combustion engine also shuts down the high-pressure pump, so that the fuel remaining in the high-pressure accumulator cools there over time until it has reached ambient temperature. This causes the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator to shrink, which is approximately 1% per 10 ° C. The pressure in the high-pressure accumulator drops accordingly until the volume of fuel in the
  • High-pressure accumulator is smaller than the volume of the high-pressure accumulator itself. This leads to the outgassing of air from the fuel, and this air fills the volume released in the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the air must first be compressed by the high-pressure pump before the desired high fuel pressure can be built up. This effect is noticeable through a delayed build-up of pressure that can last up to two seconds. can be customers and is therefore clearly noticeable for the user of the internal combustion engine, which is operated, for example, in a motor vehicle
  • the fuel injection system according to the invention with the characterizing features of patent claim 1 has the advantage that the pressure build-up in a fuel injection system that works according to the so-called Cornmon-Raü principle occurs without a noticeable delay.
  • the control valve works in such a way that when the high-pressure pump is switched off, fuel can flow from the leakage area into the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the cavity created by the shrinkage of the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator is filled up with fuel flowing from the leakage area, so that the high-pressure accumulator always remains completely filled with fuel.
  • the internal combustion engine is restarted and the high-pressure pump thus starts up, no air has to be compressed, so that the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator rises very quickly and is available for fuel injection
  • control valve is designed as a check valve, the check valve only opening the fuel line when the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator is less than or equal to the pressure in the leakage oil chamber. This ensures that from the
  • High-pressure accumulator No fuel pressure escapes as long as the mashing machine is in operation When the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator cools down, a negative pressure is created which draws fuel from the leakage area into the high-pressure accumulator so that it always remains completely filled with fuel.
  • the return line can be a separate one However, it is also possible to provide the return line parallel to the high-pressure pump, so that the intake line, through which the high-pressure pump draws fuel from the leakage area, and the high-pressure line, through which fuel under high pressure flows to the high-pressure accumulator is directly connected to one another via the return line.
  • the control valve is designed to be switchable, the control valve being switched open when the high-pressure pump is not working. This enables fuel to flow from the high-pressure accumulator into the leak oil chamber as well as from the leak oil chamber with the high-pressure accumulator. This leads to a quick pressure equalization between
  • High pressure accumulator and leakage oil room When the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator cools down, it always remains completely filled with fuel, as already shown above.
  • the switchable control valve is used during normal operation of the breeding machine to keep the pressure in the high-pressure reservoir at a constant value as a pressure-maintaining valve, in that when a setpoint pressure in the high-pressure reservoir is exceeded, fuel is discharged from the high-pressure reservoir and fed to the leakage area via the pressure-maintaining valve.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of an injection device
  • FIG. 2a likewise shows a schematic representation of the high-pressure accumulator without returning fuel when the high-pressure pump is switched off
  • FIG. 2b shows the pressure and speed of the internal combustion engine over time in this case
  • FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b show the same view as FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b Case in which the high-pressure accumulator is always filled with fuel
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a fuel injection system that works with a so-called common rail system.
  • a leakage area 1 fuel is present at ambient pressure, the leakage area 1 in a vehicle usually corresponding to the fuel tank.
  • An intake line 3 leads from the leak oil region 1 to a high-pressure pump 5, in which fuel can be generated under high pressure.
  • the compressed and high pressure fuel is supplied by the high-pressure pump 5 via a high-pressure line 7 to a high-pressure accumulator 10, in which the fuel can be kept under high pressure.
  • a plurality of fuel injection valves 12 are connected to the high-pressure accumulator 10, via which the fuel which is held in the high-pressure accumulator 10 under high pressure can be injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • Corresponding control devices in the high-pressure pump 5 generally provide that only as much fuel is supplied to the high-pressure accumulator 10 as is taken from it for fuel injection. If an excessively high pressure nevertheless arises in the high-pressure accumulator 10, a pressure regulating valve 20 is provided to limit the pressure, which is provided in a control line 15, which connects the high-pressure accumulator 10 to the leak oil area 1 High-pressure accumulator 10 opened so that fuel flows into the leakage area 1 and reduces the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 10. If the pressure falls below the target pressure again, the pressure control valve 20 closes the control line 15 and thus stops the further pressure drop.
  • the high pressure accumulator 10 is shown schematically and the hydraulic conditions that arise there when the high pressure accumulator 10 cools in the previously known fuel injection systems.
  • the high pressure accumulator 10 is filled with fuel under high pressure via the high pressure pump 5. After the internal combustion engine is switched off, the high-pressure pump 5 also no longer feeds fuel into the high-pressure accumulator 10.
  • an expansion tank 30 is provided, which is connected to the high-pressure accumulator 10 and whose connection to the high-pressure accumulator 10 can be interrupted by a valve 27. If the valve 27 is closed after the internal combustion engine has been switched off, then no fuel can flow from the expansion tank 30 into the high-pressure accumulator 10.
  • the high-pressure pump 15 is put into operation at time to, whereby the rotary Number N of the brake engine reaches a first value relatively quickly. Due to the compression of the air bubble 32 in the high-pressure accumulator 10, the pressure build-up takes place only with a delay .DELTA.t, which in car applications can be up to two seconds, depending on the high-pressure volume, delivery rate and temperature difference. When the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator 10 has reached a certain value, higher speeds of the engine are possible.
  • FIG. 3a shows the same system as FIG. 2a, but here the valve 27 remains open after the high-pressure pump 5 has been switched off. This allows fuel flowing from the expansion tank 30 into the high-pressure accumulator 10, so that the
  • High-pressure accumulator 10 always remains filled with fuel.
  • the high-pressure pump 15 is started, the valve 27 being closed. Since fuel is largely incompressible, a high pressure quickly builds up in the high-pressure accumulator 10.
  • FIG. 3b shows that the pressure rises immediately from time tQ and the speed N of
  • Breririkraftmaschine already assumes a higher value at an earlier point in time.
  • the vehicle can thus be started without delay by compressing the air bubbles in the high-pressure accumulator 10.
  • the expansion tank 30 of FIGS. 2a and 3a corresponds to the leak oil region 1 in an internal combustion engine according to FIG. 1.
  • a return line 22 can be provided, which leads from the high-pressure reservoir 10 directly into the leak oil region 1.
  • a return line 22 is a
  • Check valve designed control valve 24 is arranged, which allows a fuel flow only in the direction of the high-pressure accumulator 10, the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 10 drops by cooling the fuel below the pressure in the leakage area, i. H. below the ambient pressure, fuel from the leak oil area 1 is filled into the high-pressure accumulator 10 via the check valve 24 and the return line 22, so that it always remains completely filled with fuel.
  • the return line 22 ′ which is formed parallel to the high-pressure pump 15, works in the same way.
  • a check valve 24' is also formed, which only allows fuel flow in the direction of the high pressure chers 10 allows the return line 22 'can also be integrated in the high pressure pump 5, so that no additional space is required.
  • the pressure control valve 20 can also be used. As described above, the pressure control valve 20 is normally used to limit the pressure in the high pressure accumulator 10. If, however, the pressure control valve 20 is opened after the high-pressure pump 5 has been switched off, the control line 15 functions as a return line 22. On the one hand, the still high pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 10 is rapidly released into the leak oil region 1 and, on the other hand, fuel is released from the fuel when the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 10 drops Leakage oil area 1 is sucked in, so that the high-pressure accumulator 10 always remains filled with fuel. The amount required for this is very small and is usually only a few cm ⁇ over a few hours.

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel injection system with a high pressure reservoir (10), in which fuel can be stored under high pressure, whereby at least one injection valve (12) may be connected to the high pressure reservoir (10), by means of which the fuel in the high pressure reservoir (10) can be injected into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A high pressure pump (5) drains fuel from a leakage oil region (1), compresses the same and supplies the same to the high pressure reservoir (10), such that, on operation of the high pressure pump (5), a high fuel pressure can be generated. A return line (15, 22, 22') is provided between the oil leakage region (1) and the high pressure reservoir (10) with a control valve (20; 24; 24'), whereby, on the high pressure pump (5) being switched off, the control valve (20; 24; 24') permits a fuel flow from the oil leakage region (1) into the high pressure reservoir (10).

Description

KraftstoffeinspritzsystemFuel injection system
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht von einem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem aus, wie es beispielsweise aus der Schrift DE 100 60 812 AI bekannt ist und wie es vorzugsweise für Brennkraftmaschinen verwendet wird. Ein solches Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem weist einen Hochdruckspeicher auf, in dem Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck gespeichert werden kann. Mit dem Hochdruckspeicher ist wenigstens ein Einspritzventil verbunden, über das der im Hochdruckspeicher unter hohem Druck vorhandene Kraftstoff in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt werden kann. Zur Erzeugung des Hochdrucks im Hochdruckspeicher ist eine Hochdruckpumpe vorhanden, die Kraftstoff aus einem Leckolbereich ansaugt und verdichtet dem Hochdruck- Speicher zuführt. Beim Betrieb der Hochdruckpumpe wird also im Hochdruckspeicher ein Kraftstoffdruck aufgebaut, der für eine fein zerstäubte Kraftstoffeinspritzung notwendig istThe invention is based on a fuel injection system, as is known for example from DE 100 60 812 AI and as it is preferably used for internal combustion engines. Such a fuel injection system has a high-pressure accumulator in which fuel can be stored under high pressure. At least one injection valve is connected to the high-pressure accumulator, via which the fuel present in the high-pressure accumulator under high pressure can be injected into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. To generate the high pressure in the high-pressure accumulator, there is a high-pressure pump that draws fuel from a leak oil area and compresses it and supplies it to the high-pressure accumulator. When the high-pressure pump is operated, a fuel pressure is built up in the high-pressure accumulator, which is necessary for a finely atomized fuel injection
Beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine erwärmt sich der Kraftstoff im Hochdruck- Speicher, so dass dort Temperaturen von über 50 °C herrschen können. Nach demWhen the internal combustion engine is operating, the fuel heats up in the high-pressure accumulator, so that temperatures of over 50 ° C can prevail there. After this
Abschalten der Brenrikraftmaschine wird auch die Hochdruckpumpe stillgelegt, so dass der im Hochdruckspeicher verbleibende Kraftstoff dort mit der Zeit abkühlt, bis er Umgebungstemperatur angenommen hat. Dadurch schrumpft der Kraftstoff im Hochdruckspeicher, was in etwa 1 % pro 10 °C ausmacht Der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher sinkt entsprechend ab, bis das Volumen des Kraftstoffs imSwitching off the internal combustion engine also shuts down the high-pressure pump, so that the fuel remaining in the high-pressure accumulator cools there over time until it has reached ambient temperature. This causes the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator to shrink, which is approximately 1% per 10 ° C. The pressure in the high-pressure accumulator drops accordingly until the volume of fuel in the
Hochdruckspeicher kleiner ist als das Volumen des Hochdruckspeichers selbst Dadurch kommt es zum Ausgasen von Luft aus dem Kraftstoff, und diese Luft füllt das freiwerdende Volumen im Hochdruckspeicher aus. Beim Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine muss die Luft durch die Hochdruckpumpe erst komprimiert werden, bevor der gewünschte hohe Kraftstoffdruck aufgebaut werden kann. Dieser Effekt macht sich durch einen verzögerten Druckaufbau bemerkbar, der bis zu zwei Se- kunden betragen kann und damit für den Benutzer der Brennkraftmaschine, die beispielsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug betrieben wird, deutlich merkbar istHigh-pressure accumulator is smaller than the volume of the high-pressure accumulator itself. This leads to the outgassing of air from the fuel, and this air fills the volume released in the high-pressure accumulator. When the internal combustion engine restarts, the air must first be compressed by the high-pressure pump before the desired high fuel pressure can be built up. This effect is noticeable through a delayed build-up of pressure that can last up to two seconds. can be customers and is therefore clearly noticeable for the user of the internal combustion engine, which is operated, for example, in a motor vehicle
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass der Druckaufbau in einem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, das nach dem sogenannten Cornmon- Raü-Prinzip arbeitet, ohne merkliche Verzögerung geschieht Hierzu ist eine Rück- laufleitung zwischen dem Leckolbereich und dem Hochdruckspeicher ausgebildet, in der ein Regelventil ausgebildet ist Das Regelventil arbeitet hierbei so, dass bei abgeschalteter Hochdruckpumpe Kraftstoff vom Leckolbereich in den Hochdruckspeicher fließen kann. Kühlt sich der Kraftstoff im Hochdruckspeicher nunmehr ab, so wird der durch die Schrumpfung des Kraftstoffs im Hochdruckspeicher entste- hende Hohlraum durch nachfließenden Kraftstoff aus dem Leckolbereich aufgefüllt, so dass der Hochdruckspeicher stets vollständig mit Kraftstoff gefüllt bleibt. Beim Wiederanlaufen der Brennkraftmaschine und damit anlaufender Hochdruckpumpe muss somit keine Luft komprimiert werden, sodass der Druck im Hoch- druckspeicher sehr rasch ansteigt und für die Kraftstoffeinspritzung zur Verfügung stehtThe fuel injection system according to the invention with the characterizing features of patent claim 1 has the advantage that the pressure build-up in a fuel injection system that works according to the so-called Cornmon-Raü principle occurs without a noticeable delay. For this purpose, there is a return line between the leakage area and the high-pressure accumulator The control valve works in such a way that when the high-pressure pump is switched off, fuel can flow from the leakage area into the high-pressure accumulator. When the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator cools down, the cavity created by the shrinkage of the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator is filled up with fuel flowing from the leakage area, so that the high-pressure accumulator always remains completely filled with fuel. When the internal combustion engine is restarted and the high-pressure pump thus starts up, no air has to be compressed, so that the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator rises very quickly and is available for fuel injection
In einer ersten vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist das Regelventil als Rückschlagventil ausgebildet, wobei das Rückschlagventil die Kraftstoffleitung nur dann öffnet, wenn der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher kleiner oder gleich dem Druck im Leckölraum ist. Dadurch ist sichergestellt dass aus demIn a first advantageous embodiment of the object of the invention, the control valve is designed as a check valve, the check valve only opening the fuel line when the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator is less than or equal to the pressure in the leakage oil chamber. This ensures that from the
Hochdruckspeicher kein Kraftstoffdruck entweicht, solange die Breimkraftmaschi- ne im Betrieb ist Beim Abkühlen des Kraftstoffs im Hochdruckspeicher bildet sich ein Unterdruck, durch den Kraftstoff aus dem Leckolbereich in den Hochdruckspeicher gesaugt wird, sodass dieser stets vollständig mit Kraftstoff gefüllt bleibt Die Rücklaufleitung kann hierbei eine separate Leitung sein, die direkt vom Hochdruckspeicher in den Leckölraum führt Es ist aber auch möglich, die Rücklaufleitung parallel zur Hochdruckpumpe vorzusehen, sodass die Ansaugleitung, über die die Hochdruckpumpe Kraftstoff aus dem Leckolbereich ansaugt, und die Hochdruckleitung, über die Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck dem Hochdruckspeicher zu- geführt wird, direkt über die Rücklaufleitung miteinander verbunden sind. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist das Regelventil schaltbar ausgestaltet, wobei das Regelventil offen geschaltet wird, wenn die Hochdruckpumpe nicht arbeitet. Dadurch ist ein Kraftstofffluss sowohl vom Hochdruckspeicher in den Leckölraum, als auch vom Leckölraum mit den Hochdruckspeicher möglich. Dies führt zu einem raschen Druckausgleich zwischenHigh-pressure accumulator No fuel pressure escapes as long as the mashing machine is in operation When the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator cools down, a negative pressure is created which draws fuel from the leakage area into the high-pressure accumulator so that it always remains completely filled with fuel. The return line can be a separate one However, it is also possible to provide the return line parallel to the high-pressure pump, so that the intake line, through which the high-pressure pump draws fuel from the leakage area, and the high-pressure line, through which fuel under high pressure flows to the high-pressure accumulator is directly connected to one another via the return line. In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, the control valve is designed to be switchable, the control valve being switched open when the high-pressure pump is not working. This enables fuel to flow from the high-pressure accumulator into the leak oil chamber as well as from the leak oil chamber with the high-pressure accumulator. This leads to a quick pressure equalization between
Hochdruckspeicher und Leckölraum. Beim Abkühlen des Kraftstoffs im Hochdruckspeicher bleibt dieser auch hier stets vollständig mit Kraftstoff gefüllt, wie oben bereits dargestellt. Das schaltbaren Regelventil dient beim normalen Betrieb der Breimkraftrnaschine dazu, als Druckhalteventil den Druck im Hochdruckspei- eher auf einem konstanten Wert zu halten, indem beim Überschreiten eines Solldrucks im Hochdruckspeicher Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckspeicher abgeleitet und über das Druckhalteventil dem Leckolbereich zugeführt wird.High pressure accumulator and leakage oil room. When the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator cools down, it always remains completely filled with fuel, as already shown above. The switchable control valve is used during normal operation of the breeding machine to keep the pressure in the high-pressure reservoir at a constant value as a pressure-maintaining valve, in that when a setpoint pressure in the high-pressure reservoir is exceeded, fuel is discharged from the high-pressure reservoir and fed to the leakage area via the pressure-maintaining valve.
Zeichnungdrawing
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzvorrichtung dargestellt. Es zeigtIn the drawing, an embodiment of the injection device according to the invention is shown. It shows
Figur 1 die schematische Darstellung einer Einspritzvorrichtung,FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of an injection device,
Figur 2a in ebenfalls schematischer Darstellung den Hochdruckspeicher oh- ne Rückführung von Kraftstoff bei ausgeschalteter Hochdruckpumpe, Figur 2b den zeitlichen Verlauf von Druck und Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine für diesen Fall, Figur 3a und Figur 3b zeigen in derselben Ansicht wie Figur 2a bzw. Figur 2b den Fall, bei dem der Hochdruckspeicher stets kraftstoffgefüllt istFIG. 2a likewise shows a schematic representation of the high-pressure accumulator without returning fuel when the high-pressure pump is switched off, FIG. 2b shows the pressure and speed of the internal combustion engine over time in this case, FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b show the same view as FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b Case in which the high-pressure accumulator is always filled with fuel
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
In Figur 1 ist ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem schematisch dargestellt, das mit einem so genannten Common-Rail-System arbeitet In einem Leckolbereich 1 ist Kraftstoff bei Umgebungsdruck vorhanden, wobei der Leckolbereich 1 bei einem Fahrzeug üblicherweise dem Kraftstofftank entspricht. Vom Leckolbereich 1 führt eine Ansaugleitung 3 zu einer Hochdruckpumpe 5, in der Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck erzeugt werden kann. Der verdichtete und unter hohem Druck stehende Kraftstoff wird durch die Hochdruckpumpe 5 über eine Hochdruckleitung 7 einem Hochdruckspeicher 10 zugeführt, in dem der Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck vorgehalten werden kann. Mit dem Hochdruckspeicher 10 sind mehrere KraftstofFeinspritzven- tile 12 verbunden, über die der Kraftstoff, der im Hochdruckspeicher 10 unter ho- hem Druck vorgehalten wird, in den Brennraum der Brenrikraftmaschine eingespritzt werden kann. Über entsprechende Regelvorrichtungen in der Hochdruckpumpe 5 ist im allgemeinen vorgesehen, dass nur so viel Kraftstoff dem Hochdruckspeicher 10 zugeführt wird, wie aus diesem zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung entnommen wird. Falls im Hochdruckspeicher 10 trotzdem ein zu hoher Druck ent- steht, ist zur Begrenzung des Drucks ein Druckregelventil 20 vorgesehen, das in einer Absteuerleitung 15 vorgesehen ist, die den Hochdruckspeicher 10 mit dem Leckolbereich 1 verbindet Das Druckregelventil 20 wird bei Überschreiten eines gewünschten Solldrucks im Hochdruckspeicher 10 geöffnet, so dass Kraftstoff in den Leckolbereich 1 abfließt und den Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 10 mindert Wird der Solldruck wieder unterschritten, schließt das Druckregelventil 20 die Absteuerleitung 15 und stoppt so den weiteren Druckabfall.1 schematically shows a fuel injection system that works with a so-called common rail system. In a leakage area 1, fuel is present at ambient pressure, the leakage area 1 in a vehicle usually corresponding to the fuel tank. An intake line 3 leads from the leak oil region 1 to a high-pressure pump 5, in which fuel can be generated under high pressure. The compressed and high pressure fuel is supplied by the high-pressure pump 5 via a high-pressure line 7 to a high-pressure accumulator 10, in which the fuel can be kept under high pressure. A plurality of fuel injection valves 12 are connected to the high-pressure accumulator 10, via which the fuel which is held in the high-pressure accumulator 10 under high pressure can be injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Corresponding control devices in the high-pressure pump 5 generally provide that only as much fuel is supplied to the high-pressure accumulator 10 as is taken from it for fuel injection. If an excessively high pressure nevertheless arises in the high-pressure accumulator 10, a pressure regulating valve 20 is provided to limit the pressure, which is provided in a control line 15, which connects the high-pressure accumulator 10 to the leak oil area 1 High-pressure accumulator 10 opened so that fuel flows into the leakage area 1 and reduces the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 10. If the pressure falls below the target pressure again, the pressure control valve 20 closes the control line 15 and thus stops the further pressure drop.
In Figur 2 ist schematisch der Hochdruckspeicher 10 dargestellt und die hydraulischen Verhältnisse, die sich dort bei der Abkühlung des Hochdruckdruckspeichers 10 bei den bisher bekannten Kraftstoff einspritzsystemen ergeben. Der Hochdruckspeicher 10 wird über die Hochdruckpumpe 5 mit Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck gefüllt. Nach Abschalten der Brenrikraftmaschine fördert auch die Hochdruckpumpe 5 keinen Kraftstoff mehr in den Hochdruckspeicher 10. In Figur 2 ist ein Ausgleichbehälter 30 vorgesehen, der mit dem Hochdruckspeicher 10 verbunden ist und dessen Verbindung mit dem Hochdruckspeicher 10 durch ein Ventil 27 unterbrochen werden kann. Ist das Ventil 27 nach Abschalten der Brermkraftmaschine geschlossen, so kann aus dem Ausgleichbehälter 30 kein Kraftstoff in den Hochdruckspeicher 10 nachfließenden. Durch das Abkühlen des Kraftstoffs im Hochdruckspeicher 10 bildet sich damit ein Hohlraum, der mit aus dem Kraftstoff aus- gasender Luft gefüllt wird und eine Luftblase 32 bildet. Beim Wiedereinschalten der Brenrikraftmaschine und damit auch der Hochdruckpumpe 5 wird der Kraftstoff im Hochdruckspeicher 10 komprimiert. Durch die im Vergleich zum Kraftstoff hochkompressible Luftblase 32 verzögert sich jedoch der Druckaufbau im Hochdruckspeicher 10, wie in Figur 2b dargestellt, die den Verlauf von Druck p und Drehzahl N einer Brenrdrafuriaschinen beim Wiedereinschalten zeigt ZumIn Figure 2, the high pressure accumulator 10 is shown schematically and the hydraulic conditions that arise there when the high pressure accumulator 10 cools in the previously known fuel injection systems. The high pressure accumulator 10 is filled with fuel under high pressure via the high pressure pump 5. After the internal combustion engine is switched off, the high-pressure pump 5 also no longer feeds fuel into the high-pressure accumulator 10. In FIG. 2, an expansion tank 30 is provided, which is connected to the high-pressure accumulator 10 and whose connection to the high-pressure accumulator 10 can be interrupted by a valve 27. If the valve 27 is closed after the internal combustion engine has been switched off, then no fuel can flow from the expansion tank 30 into the high-pressure accumulator 10. As a result of the cooling of the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator 10, a cavity is thus formed, which is filled with air outgassing from the fuel and forms an air bubble 32. When the engine and thus the high-pressure pump 5 are switched on again, the fuel in the high-pressure accumulator 10 is compressed. Due to the highly compressible air bubble 32 compared to the fuel, however, the pressure build-up in the high-pressure accumulator 10 is delayed, as shown in FIG. 2b, which shows the course of pressure p and speed N of a fuel-pressure machine when it is switched on again
Zeitpunkt to wird die Hochdruckpumpe 15 in Betrieb gesetzt wodurch die Dreh- zahl N der Brermkraftmaschine relativ rasch einen ersten Wert erreicht. Durch die Kompression der Luftblase 32 im Hochdruckspeicher 10 erfolgt der Druckaufbau erst mit einer Verzögerung Δt, die bei Pkw-Λpplikationen bis zu zwei Sekunden betragen kann, je nach Hochdruckvolumen, Förderleistung und Temperaturdiffe- renz. Wenn der Druck dem Hochdruckspeicher 10 einem gewissen Wert erreicht hat, sind höhere Drehzahlen der Brermkraftmaschine möglich.The high-pressure pump 15 is put into operation at time to, whereby the rotary Number N of the brake engine reaches a first value relatively quickly. Due to the compression of the air bubble 32 in the high-pressure accumulator 10, the pressure build-up takes place only with a delay .DELTA.t, which in car applications can be up to two seconds, depending on the high-pressure volume, delivery rate and temperature difference. When the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator 10 has reached a certain value, higher speeds of the engine are possible.
Figur 3a zeigt dasselbe System wie Figur 2a, jedoch bleibt hier das Ventil 27 nach dem Abschalten der Hochdruckpumpe 5 offen. Dadurch kann aus dem Ausgleich- behälter 30 Kraftstoff in den Hochdruckspeicher 10 nachfließenden, sodass derFIG. 3a shows the same system as FIG. 2a, but here the valve 27 remains open after the high-pressure pump 5 has been switched off. This allows fuel flowing from the expansion tank 30 into the high-pressure accumulator 10, so that the
Hochdruckspeicher 10 stets mit Kraftstoff gefüllt bleibt. Beim Neustart der Brermkraftmaschine wird die Hochdruckpumpe 15 in Betrieb gesetzt, wobei das Ventil 27 geschlossen wird. Da Kraftstoff weitgehend inkompressibel ist, baut sich hier rasch ein hoher Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 10 auf. Entsprechend zeigt Figur 3b, dass der Druck urimittelbar ab dem Zeitpunkt tQ ansteigt und die Drehzahl N derHigh-pressure accumulator 10 always remains filled with fuel. When the brake engine is restarted, the high-pressure pump 15 is started, the valve 27 being closed. Since fuel is largely incompressible, a high pressure quickly builds up in the high-pressure accumulator 10. Correspondingly, FIG. 3b shows that the pressure rises immediately from time tQ and the speed N of
Breririkraftmaschine bereits zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt einen höheren Wert annimmt. Das Fahrzeug kann somit ohne Verzögerung durch Komprimieren der Luftblasen im Hochdruckspeicher 10 in Gang gesetzt werden.Breririkraftmaschine already assumes a higher value at an earlier point in time. The vehicle can thus be started without delay by compressing the air bubbles in the high-pressure accumulator 10.
Der Ausgleichsbehälter 30 der Figuren 2a und 3a entspricht bei einer Brennkraftmaschine nach Figur 1 dem Leckolbereich 1.The expansion tank 30 of FIGS. 2a and 3a corresponds to the leak oil region 1 in an internal combustion engine according to FIG. 1.
Zur technischen Realisierung sind in Figur 1 verschiedene Möglichkeiten gezeigt. Zum einen kann eine Rücklaufleitung 22 vorgesehen sein, die vom Hochdruckspei- eher 10 direkt in den Leckolbereich 1 führt. In der Rücklaufleitung 22 ist ein alsVarious possibilities are shown in FIG. 1 for technical implementation. On the one hand, a return line 22 can be provided, which leads from the high-pressure reservoir 10 directly into the leak oil region 1. In the return line 22 is a
Rückschlagventil ausgebildetes Regelventil 24 angeordnet, das einen Kraftstoff- fluss nur in Richtung des Hochdruckspeichers 10 ermöglicht Sinkt der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 10 durch Abkühlen des Kraftstoffs unter den Druck im Leckolbereich, d. h. unter den Umgebungsdruck, so wird Kraftstoff aus dem LeckÖIbe- reich 1 über das Rückschlagventil 24 und die Rücklaufleitung 22 in den Hochdruckspeicher 10 eingefüllt, sodass dieser stets vollständig mit Kraftstoff gefüllt bleibt.Check valve designed control valve 24 is arranged, which allows a fuel flow only in the direction of the high-pressure accumulator 10, the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 10 drops by cooling the fuel below the pressure in the leakage area, i. H. below the ambient pressure, fuel from the leak oil area 1 is filled into the high-pressure accumulator 10 via the check valve 24 and the return line 22, so that it always remains completely filled with fuel.
In gleicher Weise arbeitet die Rücklauf leitung 22', die parallel zur Hochdruckpum- pe 15 ausgebildet ist. In dieser Rücklaufleitung 22' ist ebenfalls ein Rückschlagventil 24' ausgebildet, das einen Kraftstofffluss nur in Richtung des Hochdruckspei- chers 10 erlaubt Die Rücklaufleitung 22' kann hier auch in die Hochdruckpumpe 5 integriert sein, so dass kein zusätzlicher Bauraum benötigt wird.The return line 22 ′, which is formed parallel to the high-pressure pump 15, works in the same way. In this return line 22 'a check valve 24' is also formed, which only allows fuel flow in the direction of the high pressure chers 10 allows the return line 22 'can also be integrated in the high pressure pump 5, so that no additional space is required.
Um den Hochdruckspeicher 10 stets mit Kraftstoff zu befüllen kann auch das Druckregelventil 20 verwendet werden. Wie oben beschrieben wird das Druckregelventil 20 normalerweise dazu benutzt, den Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 10 zu begrenzen. Wird das Druckregelventil 20 jedoch nach Abschalten der Hochdruckpumpe 5 geöffnet so fungiert die Absteuerleitung 15 als Rücklaufleitung 22. Dadurch wird zum einen der noch hohe Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 10 rasch in den Leckolbereich 1 abgebaut und zum anderen wird bei sinkendem Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 10 Kraftstoff aus dem Leckolbereich 1 angesaugt, so dass der Hochdruckspeicher 10 stets mit Kraftstoff gefüllt bleibt. Die dafür benötigte Menge ist sehr gering und beträgt in der Regel nur wenige cm^ über einige Stunden hinweg. In order to always fill the high-pressure accumulator 10 with fuel, the pressure control valve 20 can also be used. As described above, the pressure control valve 20 is normally used to limit the pressure in the high pressure accumulator 10. If, however, the pressure control valve 20 is opened after the high-pressure pump 5 has been switched off, the control line 15 functions as a return line 22. On the one hand, the still high pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 10 is rapidly released into the leak oil region 1 and, on the other hand, fuel is released from the fuel when the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 10 drops Leakage oil area 1 is sucked in, so that the high-pressure accumulator 10 always remains filled with fuel. The amount required for this is very small and is usually only a few cm ^ over a few hours.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, vorzugsweise für Brerinkraftmaschinen, mit einem Hochdruckspeicher (10), in dem Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck gespeichert werden kann, und mit wenigstens einem Einspritzventil (12), das mit dem Hochdruckspeicher (10) verbindbar ist und über das der im Hochdruckspeicher (1) befindliche Druck in den Brennraum einer Brenrikraftmaschine eingespritzt werden kann, und mit einer Hochdruckpumpe (5), die Kraftstoff aus einem Leckolbereich (1) ansaugt und verdichtet dem Hochdruckspeicher (10) zu- führt, so dass dort bei Betrieb der Hochdruckpumpe (5) ein hoher Kraftstoffdruck aufgebaut wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Leckolbereich (1) und dem Hochdruckspeicher (10) eine Rücklaufleitung (22) mit einem Regelventil (20; 24; 24') ausgebildet ist wobei das Regelventil (20; 24; 24') bei abgeschalteter Hochdrucl umpe (5) einen Kraftstofffluss vom Leck- ölbereich ( 1 ) in den Hochdruckspeicher (10) ermöglicht1. Fuel injection system, preferably for Brerinkkraftmaschinen, with a high pressure accumulator (10), in which fuel can be stored under high pressure, and with at least one injection valve (12) which can be connected to the high pressure accumulator (10) and via which the in the high pressure accumulator ( 1) the pressure present can be injected into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and with a high-pressure pump (5), which draws fuel from a leakage area (1) and compresses it to the high-pressure accumulator (10), so that when the high-pressure pump (5 ) a high fuel pressure is built up, characterized in that a return line (22) with a control valve (20; 24; 24 ') is formed between the leak oil area (1) and the high pressure accumulator (10), the control valve (20; 24; 24 ') when high pressure umpe (5) is switched off, a fuel flow from the leakage oil area (1) into the high-pressure accumulator (10) is made possible
2. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Regelventil als Rückschlagventil (24; 24') ausgebildet ist, wobei das Rückschlagventil (24; 24') die Rücklaufleitung (22) nur dann öffnet, wenn der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher (10) kleiner oder gleich dem Druck im Leckolbereich (l)ist.2. Fuel injection system according to claim 1, wherein the control valve is designed as a check valve (24; 24 '), the check valve (24; 24') only opening the return line (22) when the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator (10) is less than or is equal to the pressure in the leak oil area (l).
3. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die Rücklaufleitung (22) direkt vom Hochdruckspeicher (10) in den Leckolbereich (1) führt3. Fuel injection system according to claim 2, in which the return line (22) leads directly from the high-pressure accumulator (10) into the leak oil region (1)
4. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 2, bei dem der Hochdruckpumpe (5) Kraftstoff über eine Ansaugleitung (3) zugeführt wird, wobei die Hochdruckpumpe (5) den verdichteten Kraftstoff über eine Hochdruckleitung (7) in den Hochdruckspeicher (10) leitet und die Rücklaufleitung (22) parallel zur Hochdruckpumpe (5) verläuft, so dass die Ansaugleitung (3) über die Rücklauflei- tung (22) direkt mit der Hochdruckleitung (7) verbunden ist. 4. Fuel injection system according to claim 2, in which the high-pressure pump (5) is supplied with fuel via an intake line (3), the high-pressure pump (5) passing the compressed fuel via a high-pressure line (7) into the high-pressure accumulator (10) and the return line ( 22) runs parallel to the high pressure pump (5) so that the suction line (3) is directly connected to the high pressure line (7) via the return line (22).
5. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Regelventil (20) schaltbar ausgestaltet ist und die Rücklaufleitung (22) bei abgeschalteter Hochdruckpumpe (5) ständig öffnet.5. Fuel injection system according to claim 1, in which the control valve (20) is designed to be switchable and the return line (22) constantly opens when the high-pressure pump (5) is switched off.
6. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 5, bei dem das schallbare Regelventil bei Betrieb der Hochdruckpumpe (5) als Druckregelventil (20) fungiert, welches in einer Absteuerleitung (15) angeordnet ist und diese bei nur dann öffnet, wenn der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher (10) einen bestimmten Solldruck überschreitet, wobei die Absteuerleitung (15) in ihrer Funktion der Rücklaufleitung (22) entspricht. 6. The fuel injection system according to claim 5, wherein the soundable control valve when the high pressure pump (5) is operating acts as a pressure control valve (20) which is arranged in a control line (15) and opens this only when the pressure in the high pressure accumulator (10) exceeds a certain target pressure, the control line (15) corresponding in its function to the return line (22).
EP05735840A 2004-06-04 2005-04-15 Fuel injection system Withdrawn EP1756416A1 (en)

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CN100467856C (en) 2009-03-11
CN1961145A (en) 2007-05-09

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