EP1753590A1

EP1753590A1 - Product comprising a cover layer and a moulding layer

Info

Publication number: EP1753590A1
Application number: EP05747474A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Klaus Vissing; Volkmar Stenzel
Original assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Current assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date: 2004-05-27
Filing date: 2005-05-24
Publication date: 2007-02-21
Also published as: DE102004026479A1; WO2005115711A1; KR20070024652A; DE102004026479B4; US20080032136A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a product (11) comprising a layered system (13; 15) that consists of at least one cover layer (15) and a moulding layer (13) that is situated between the cover layer (15) and the product (11). According to the invention, the moulding layer (13) is a plasma polymer layer, which moulds the contours of the product (11) and adheres more strongly to the cover layer (15) than to the product (11). The invention also relates to a method for producing a product (11) of this type comprising a layer system and to respective methods for producing a moulding negative or positive model of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product.

Description

Fraunhofer Society for the Promotion of Applied Research e.V. Hansastraße 27 c, 80686 Munich

Product with top layer and impression layer

The invention relates to a product with a layer system consisting of at least one cover layer and an impression layer arranged between the cover layer and the product, a method for producing such a product with a layer system, and a method for producing an impression negative or a positive model of (i) parts the surface or (ii) the surface of a product.

In many cases, surfaces are molded by casting. As a rule, it is desirable that the template / the original be molded as accurately as possible in terms of dimensions and detail. In addition, it is often desirable for the impression results to be protected on their surface, for example by a protective layer. For the pouring, mainly low-viscosity polymeric materials are used, which harden on the surface to be poured. The casting compound must be easily removed from the molded product after curing, whereby this Removal should be as residue-free as possible. Therefore, the casting compound should have properties in relation to the surface of the product to be molded that enable / facilitate separation of the casting compound from the latter (adhesive properties). For example, for the production of imitations of leather, casting compounds are often used, which are applied to the surface of leather, hardened thereon and then separated from the leather, so that the surface of the then hardened casting compound is a negative of the molded (original) leather surface.

The requirements for the impression material mentioned restrict the number of materials which can be used well from the prior art. Today's casting compounds suffer among other things often including that they can change their shape by "flowing" (eg under mechanical stress), that they are too soft (lack of mechanical stability) or have their own structure so that the original structure (possibly nanostructure) of the original changes One problem is also a residue-free separation from the surface to be molded, especially when molding nano and micro structures.Other problems may be that the materials have insufficient temperature stability for some applications, are not sufficiently dimensionally stable and / or do not have a suitable adhesive base offer for subsequent coatings, which are intended, for example, to protect or stabilize the negative (the impression result).

A adhesive coating produced by means of low-pressure plasma polymerization is known from the prior art: DE 100 34 737 C2 discloses a plasma-polymeric release layer which has adhesive properties, so that the separation of the molding compound (after curing) from the shaping original is made easier. This function is fulfilled by the fact that the plasma polymer layer has excellent adhesion (adhesion) to the shaping surface, but has adhesive properties to the impression material. This is achieved by the design of the plasma polymer layer, which is under temporal variation of the deposition conditions is generated as a gradient layer. With such a coating z. B. coated metallic forms (negatives) in plastics processing in order to dispense with liquid release agents. The layer is characterized in particular by the fact that it enables residue-free molding.

The disadvantage of the coating disclosed is that the original is irrevocably changed by the coating. Such a change is e.g. unacceptable for artworks. Here, contactless methods are currently preferred. Furthermore, the molded negative is reduced by the volume of the coating (demolding layer) compared to the original or - if a negative was initially created as the surface to be molded (original), which was subsequently coated with the layer - the positive model resulting from the molding by the corresponding one Volume differs from the original. Ultimately, the coating step means that the molded product also deviates from the original. In addition, there is no possibility of merely providing the impression product (positive model or negative) with a protective coating, for example, during the molding.

The disadvantage in the event that the original (the surface to be molded) is molded with impression materials in the traditional way, is that the choice of material is severely restricted. This also means that the smallest surface structures (nanostructures, that is, structures in the size range from 10 nm-500 nm) and the resulting surface properties cannot be imaged.

The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art mentioned. This object is achieved by a product with a layer system consisting of at least one cover layer and an impression layer arranged between the cover layer and the product, the impression layer being a plasma-polymeric layer which molds the contours (surface structures) of the product and on which Cover layer adheres more firmly than to the product, the product not being a wafer or wafer.

In the context of this application, a “product” is any body with a solid surface, the surface of which is to be molded (at least partially). Accordingly, a product in the sense of this text can also be a negative of another product that has already been molded It is important for the understanding of this text, however, to make it clear that a solid can only represent a product in the sense of this application if its surface was already formed before coating with the impression layer. In other words, the product must be before coating with the impression layer and a cover layer have already existed in their outer (to be molded) shape in order to fall under the term product used here. In addition, the term "product" does not include wafers and parts of wafers (microplates, dies), in particular those who have electronic components and / or on their O include a passivation layer.

Products can be in particular:

Artificial and split leather Optical structures (Fresnel lenses, diffraction gratings, holograms) Utility articles with nanostructuring and easy-to-clean properties

The cover layer serves to support the impression layer after separation from the product and, if necessary, to stabilize it. According to the invention, the impression layer is a plasma polymer layer, the method by which this impression layer was applied is not critical as long as the composition of the impression layer and the application method are chosen such that the adhesion of the impression layer to the cover layer is higher than on the surface of the product. From DC voltage to microwave excitation Generating the plasma is all possible. The use of atmospheric pressure plasmas is also not excluded.

However, the plasma polymer impression layer is preferably produced in the low pressure plasma polymerization process. With this procedure, the gas composition is of particular importance at the start of the plasma coating process: An excessively high residual oxygen content or an excessively high residual moisture (eg from wall coverings) lead to a strong, uncontrolled change in the gas composition and thus to a non-optimal first monolayer the coating. A non-optimal first monolayer of the coating can also occur if this layer is deposited during the settling phase of the plasma. It is therefore preferred to specifically create the necessary framework conditions for the deposition of the first monolayer. This can be done, for example, by sufficient evacuation (two to three powers of ten below the later working pressure), if necessary supported by freezing out moisture and / or heating the plasma chamber, and / or in particular during the transient phase of the plasma by temporarily covering the product to be coated in the Vacuum (e.g. through a movable screen). After the settling phase, the conditions are sufficiently stable since the residual oxygen content or the residual moisture in the reactor is greatly reduced by the plasma process. The adhesive properties of the impression layer in relation to the product are produced as required by changing the reaction parameters, for example gas composition, power and / or pressure. The thickness of the impression layer is preferably 1 to 1000 nm, more preferably 10 to 500 nm and particularly preferably 50 to 200 nm.

A particular advantage of a product according to the invention with a layer system is that after separation of the layer system from the product by the impression layer remaining on the cover layer, e.g. B. there is a true-to-size negative, which - as desired in many cases - comprises on its surface a plasma polymer layer, for example Can take over protective functions. This layer can also have a positive effect on the production of positive models of this product due to its adhesive properties compared to the material of the surface of the molded product: If a manufactured negative is used, for example, to produce such positive models, the adhesive properties of the layer can be selected if the positive model is selected accordingly - Materials serve to support the separation of the positive model from the negative.

A product according to the invention with a layer system is preferred, the impression layer molding both the macroscopic contour (surface structure) of the product and its nanostructure.

It is particularly important that this impression makes it possible for the first time to make nanostaic cures of a positive transferable. In addition to the macroscopic rendering of an object, it may also be important in many cases to have its nanostructures, e.g. to transmit a self-cleaning effect, optical effects or flow effects.

A product according to the invention with a layer system is preferred, the impression layer being a gradient layer and / or comprising an adhesive zone adjoining the cover layer and a dehasive zone adjoining the product and optionally a transition zone, the adhesive and dehasive zones having different compositions.

As part of the deposition process of the plasma polymer impression layer, it is possible to control the deposition parameters, for example via the gas composition, in such a way that the impression layer comprises an adhesive and a dehasive zone. This is particularly useful if the surface of the product which the impression layer is or is supposed to carry has similar or the same adhesive properties as the cover layer used. By the appropriate choice of Deposition parameters make it possible to set the adhesive properties of the adhesive and dehasive zones precisely in relation to the layers adjacent to the impression layer (top layer or surface of the product). It should be emphasized that the function of the respective adhesive or dehasive zone always refers to the material that lies on or on top of the separating layer. In particular in the case of the cover layer (to be applied or applied later than the impression layer), the “adhesive” property initially relates to the cover layer to be applied in the future.

Surprisingly, by means of a deposition process which is carried out in exactly the opposite way to the method described in DE 100 34 737 C2, an impression layer can be obtained which can be used for molding. In contrast to the method according to DE 100 34 737 C2, the deposition conditions for the plasma-shaped impression layer must therefore be selected such that the impression layer is deposited on the product (to be molded) with a dehasive zone. This ensures that the separation between the dehasive zone and the product can take place after the application of a top layer (to the last deposited adhesive zone of the impression layer).

A product according to the invention with a layer system is preferred, particularly in one of the preferred configurations described, in which the impression layer on the product side comprises a previously liquid precursor as an integral component.

A particularly good quality for the adhesive properties of the impression layer can be achieved in that the product to be coated is thinly wetted with a liquid precursor before being introduced into the vacuum chamber (in the case of low-pressure plasma) and has the following requirements:

It should not evaporate to a significant extent in a vacuum. It should be a release-active substance (e.g. a silicone oil such as AK5 to AK50 from Wacker Chemie).

The person skilled in the art will preferably adapt the liquid precursor to the chemistry of the plasma polymer impression layer, and the precursor should preferably be applied so thinly (e.g. 0.1 to 50 nm) that the precursor becomes part of the plasma polymer coating through the subsequent plasma process. It is particularly preferred that the initially liquid precursor is completely integrated into the impression layer. The liquid precursor is preferably applied to the substrate (the product) by dipping, spraying or spin-coating

The liquid precursor applied in this way is exposed to the active components of the plasma (electrons, protons, ions etc.) in the first step of the plasma polymerization. As a result, there is usually both a crosslinking of the precursor molecules with one another (preferably to form the polymer chain or to a three-dimensional polymer structure) and also with the layer which is deposited from the gas phase. The initially liquid precursor thus becomes an integral part of the plasma polymer impression layer and can therefore also be subsequently removed from the product with it.

The person skilled in the art will coordinate the type of liquid precursor and the coating thickness (on the substrate), as well as the subsequent steps of the plasma polymer coating, in such a way that extensive integration, preferably complete integration, of the initially liquid precursor into the plasma polymer coating takes place , After removing the impression layer from the product, this is e.g. Checkable with contact angle measurement on the front of the product. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) can also be used to detect precursor residues on the front of the product.

A product according to the invention with a layer system is preferred, particularly preferred in one of the preferred ones described Embodiments, wherein the impression layer can be detached from the product essentially without residues. Such a product according to the invention with a layer system is particularly preferred, in which the impression layer can be detached from the product completely without residues. In order to detach the impression layer and the cover layer from the product, it can make sense to carry out further processing steps with the layer system consisting of the impression layer and cover layer. A product according to the invention with a layer system is preferred for this, in which the impression layer and the product can be mechanically detached (for example by a peeling process), since mechanical processes are superior to other processes, for example thermal or chemical processes, for many applications, in particular because they are carried out more gently on the surface can.

A product according to the invention is preferred, particularly in one of the preferred configurations described, in which the cover layer consists of a polymeric or polymerizable material. It is again preferred that the cover layer consists of a lacquer. Such a product is preferably a film. This embodiment is particularly suitable for applying lacquer to surfaces, the lacquer already being provided with a plasma polymer coating. For this purpose, a surface-structured film is provided with a plasma-polymer impression layer, so that the plasma-polymer impression layer forms the contours of the surface of the film. The impression layer is then wetted with a varnish. To apply the lacquer to a suitable surface (substrate), the film with the plasma-polymer impression layer and the not yet fully hardened lacquer is then applied on the lacquer side to the surface to be lacquered, under conditions which enable (further) hardening of the lacquer. From the point at which the lacquer layer adheres more firmly to the impression layer than the impression layer to the film, it is possible to pull the film off the plasma polymer impression layer. It makes sense for the paint to adhere more firmly to the substrate to be painted than the film to the impression layer. After removal of the film, a painted surface remains on the substrate to be painted, which additionally comprises the plasma polymer impression layer on its surface. This impression layer carries a negative of the surface of the film originally in contact with it, so that if the film is selected appropriately, desired surface structures of the system made of lacquer and impression layer can be easily produced.

An advantage of such a particularly preferred product according to the invention is that a good wetting of the plasma-polymer impression layer by the lacquer can be ensured even before it is formed (i.e. before the corresponding degree of hardening of the lacquer has been reached). This is done by selecting or controlling the properties of the surface of the plasma polymer impression layer on the surface facing the lacquer. Further advantages of the particularly preferred object according to the invention are that the film is easily detachable from the plasma polymer impression layer and a protective layer remains on the lacquer.

It is also possible to store films with a plasma polymer impression layer and a lacquer layer under conditions that prevent the lacquer from hardening. This can e.g. B. done by rolling up. Of course, further possibilities are known to the person skilled in the art to prevent the paint from polymerizing out and he will choose the suitable one depending on the application.

Part of the invention is also a method for producing a product according to the invention with a layer system (preferably in the preferred embodiments described above), comprising the steps:

a) providing a product,

b) coating the product with a plasma polymer impression layer so that it adheres to the product,

c) coating the impression layer with a cover layer, so that the impression layer adheres more firmly to the cover layer than to the product. It is preferred that the impression layer is deposited on the product in step b), the deposition conditions being varied over time so that the impression layer produced is a gradient layer and / or an adhesive zone for applying the cover layer and a dehasive zone adjacent to the product and, if appropriate includes a transition zone.

The product is preferably wetted before or in step b) with a liquid precursor, which in turn is preferably a release-active substance, so as to influence the release properties of the dehasive zone of the impression layer in the desired manner. It is preferred in a method according to the invention that the liquid precursor is applied to the product by means of dipping, spraying or a spin-coating method. The method according to the invention is very particularly preferably carried out in step b) in such a way that the liquid precursor crosslinks and becomes an integral part of the impression layer.

In this way, most of the disadvantages of today's casting compounds can be overcome or improved by the invention.

Part of the invention is also a method for producing a (i) part of the surface or (ii) negative molding the surface of a product, comprising the following steps:

a) providing a product according to the invention with a layer system (as characterized above),

b) separating the layer system from the product, so that the separated layer system is a (i) part of the surface or (ii) a negative molding the surface of the product.

Products of any kind (technical, biological or artistic) can be molded. According to the procedure in The method according to the invention removes the impression layer (preferably completely) from the shaping object (the product) without residues and gives the negative a dehesive surface compared to materials whose adhesion / dehesion properties are similar to the surface material of the molded product.

The method according to the invention for producing an impression negative not only has the advantage that the negative can be separated from the shaping positive without residues, but that when using a plasma-polymeric gradient layer as the impression layer there is considerably greater freedom with regard to the selection of the materials that form the cover layer should form. This allows the properties of the negative to be influenced, since the deposition conditions for the impression layer can be selected so that the adhesive zone is adapted to the desired material for the cover layer (that is, it adheres at least more firmly to it than to the product to be molded). At the same time, the adhesive properties with regard to the surface of the impression layer to be molded depend only on the conditions in the initial phase of depositing the impression layer (and, if appropriate, on a corresponding precursor pretreatment). It should be noted that the dehasive zone represents the surface of the negative after separation from the product to be molded and that it shapes its adhesive (dehesive) properties. Furthermore, the plasma polymer impression layer can also be used to image nanostructures, provided they are not in the form of cavities or undercuts (eg lotus leaf surfaces). The construction of mechanically and temperature-stable negatives is also possible. The longevity of the negatives is considerably improved, the "flow" is prevented. It should also be noted that, in the event that the product to be molded is itself a negative (from an original product), that can be achieved with the method according to the invention for producing an impression negative generated impression negative (as a "double" negative) represents a positive model (or part of it) of the original product. The method according to the invention for producing an impression negative can be used in the technical field of embossing: Here, it is again particularly advantageous if, at the same time as the embossing process, a adhesive coating (possibly combined with a further functional coating, such as a barrier coating) from the embossing tool, that here corresponds to a "product with a layer system" to which material to be embossed, which then analogously forms the negative here, is transferred.

Part of the invention is also a method for producing a positive model of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product, comprising the following steps:

a) preparing an impression negative of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of the product by a method as described above,

b) molding the negative so that the positive model is formed.

Step b) can preferably also be carried out several times. The negative can be molded, for example, by pouring, injection molding or dipping, it being a matter of course that by using a method according to the invention, the molding of undercuts is very difficult or not possible at all (this also applies to the above-described creation of negatives).

The second variant of the method according to the invention for producing an impression negative can also be used in the technical method of embossing. It is advantageous that the negative (as an embossing stamp) comprises, as the outermost layer, the plasma polymer impression layer (with its adhesive properties to the outside). With the appropriate choice of material for the surface of the positive model to be embossed, the separation of negative and positive model is facilitated, in other words, the material to be embossed (surface of the positive model) has low adhesion to the embossing stamp (negative).

a) producing a (i) part of the surface or (ii) negative molding the surface of the product,

b) coating the negative with an impression layer, which is a plasma polymer layer, which molds the contours of the negative,

c) coating the impression layer with a carrier layer, the impression layer adhering to the carrier layer more firmly than to the negative,

d) separating the carrier layer from the negative, so that the impression layer remains on the carrier layer and the layer system of carrier layer and impression layer forms the positive model.

It is preferred that after step c) the coated negative is a product according to the invention with a layer system (preferably in one of the above-described embodiments), in which the carrier layer corresponds to the cover layer.

A particular advantage of this method is that the positive model produced thereby carries the impression layer on its surface, which depending on the configuration can serve, for example, as a protective layer, for example against contamination, water diffusion and mechanical damage.

The method according to the invention described last can also be used in the technical field of embossing: here it is again special It is advantageous if, at the same time as the stamping process, a adhesive coating (possibly combined with another functional coating, such as a barrier coating) is transferred from the stamping tool, which itself is a negative here, to the material to be stamped, which then forms the positive model accordingly.

A method according to the invention for producing a positive model of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product, the step thereof, is preferred

a) thus producing a (i) part of the surface or (ii) negative molding the surface of the product,

d) separating the carrier layer from the negative so that the impression layer remains on the carrier layer and the layer system comprising the carrier layer and the impression layer forms the positive model, step a) comprising the following steps:

Providing a product according to the invention with a layer system (preferably in a variant described above as preferred),

Separating the layer system from the product, so that the separated layer system is a (i) part of the surface or (ii) negative molding the surface of a product, preferably after step c) the coated negative representing an inventive product with a layer system (again preferably in one Embodiments described above as preferred). The refinements of the method according to the invention described in the last section have the advantage that 1. an optimally adapted negative is used, since the latter comprises a plasma polymer impression layer on its surface and 2. the positive model comprises a second plasma polymer impression layer.

The person skilled in the art will tap into further fields of application on the basis of the statements made above for the method according to the invention. Examples include:

injection molding; Manufacture of injection molded components with permanent adhesive coating (impression coating)

- reproducing / molding works of art without changing them, molding biological surfaces, e.g. from surfaces of the sheet

Replacement of the wax coating for stamping foils

Manufacture of easy-to-clean or dirt-resistant split leather or synthetic leather surfaces.

The invention is explained below with reference to the accompanying figures.

They represent:

Figure 1: A schematic representation of a method according to the invention for producing a positive model of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product; Figure 2: A schematic representation of a method according to the invention for producing a positive model of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product, wherein a layer system of carrier layer and impression layer forms the positive model;

Figure 3: Another method for producing a positive model of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product, wherein a layer system of carrier layer and impression layer forms the positive model.

Detailed description of the figures

Figure 1 a) shows: A product (with surface to be molded) 11, with a layer system of an impression layer 13 and a carrier or cover layer 15, the impression layer 13 adhering to the carrier or cover layer 15 more firmly than to the product 11th

Figure 1 b) shows: The layer system of the impression layer 13 and the carrier or cover layer 15 after separation from the product 11. The layer system of the impression layer 13 and the carrier or cover layer 15 together form the impression negative of the product 11.

Figure 1 c) shows: The molding of the molding negative 13, 15 by means of a material 11b to be molded. Figure 1 c) can also represent an embossing process, for example.

Figure 1 d) shows: The molding negative 13, 15, which is separated from the molded positive model 11b. The surface structure of positive model 11b corresponds to product 11 (applies to the molded area).

FIG. 2a shows: a product (with a surface to be molded) 21 and a negative 25, which takes over the structure from the surface of the product. Figure 2 b) shows: The structured, impression negative 25, which is coated with an impression layer 27, which takes over the structure.

FIG. 2 c) shows: The layer system of structured, impression negative 25, structured impression layer 27 and carrier or cover layer 21b, the impression layer 27 adhering more firmly to the carrier or cover layer 21b than to the impression negative 25.

Figure 2 d) represents: The impression negative 25 after it from the formed positive model, which consists of structured impression layer 27 and carrier or. Cover layer 21b is formed, was separated. The method shown in FIGS. 2a-d can be controlled in such a way that the positive model 21b, 27 corresponds exactly to the spatial extent of the product 21.

FIG. 3 a) shows: A product (with a surface to be molded) 31 with a layer system of impression layer 33 and carrier or cover layer 35, the impression layer 33 adhering more firmly to the carrier or cover layer 35 than to the product 31.

Figure 3 b) shows: The layer system of the carrier or cover layer 35 and the impression layer 33 as an impression negative of the product 31, the negative in turn having been coated with a second impression layer 37, the impression layer 33 being more firmly attached to the carrier or Cover layer 35 adheres to the second impression layer 37.

FIG. 3 c) shows: The impression negative, consisting of carrier or cover layer 35 and impression layer 33, which is coated with the second impression layer 37, the latter in turn being coated with impression material 31b in such a way that the second impression layer 37 adheres more firmly the impression material 31 b adheres to the impression layer 33.

FIG. 3 d) shows: The positive model of the product 31, which is formed from the impression material 31b and the second impression layer 37, and the impression negative of the product 31, separated from it, is separated the impression layer 33 and the carrier or cover layer 35 is formed. The method shown in FIGS. 3a-d can be controlled so that the positive model 37, 31b corresponds exactly to the spatial extent of the product 31.

Claims

Expectations

1. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) of at least one cover layer (15) and an impression layer (13) arranged between the cover layer (15) and the product (11), characterized in that the impression layer (13) is a is a plasma-polymeric layer which molds the contours of the product (11) and adheres more firmly to the cover layer (15) than to the product (11), the product (11) not being a wafer or microplate.

2. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to claim 1, wherein the impression layer (13) molds both the macroscopic contour of the product (11) and its nanostructure.

3. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the impression layer (13) is a gradient layer and / or an adhesive zone adjacent to the cover layer (15) and a dehasive zone adjacent to the product (11) and optionally includes a transition zone, the adhesive and dehasive zones having different compositions.

4. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the impression layer (13) on the product side comprises a previously liquid precursor as an integral part.

5. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the impression layer (13) can be detached from the product (11) essentially without residue.

6. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the impression layer (13) and the product (11) are mechanically detachable.

7. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover layer (15) consists of a polymeric or polymerizable material.

8. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to claim 7, wherein the cover layer (15) consists of a lacquer.

9. Product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the product is a film.

10. A method for producing a product (11) with a layer system (13; 15) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps: a) providing a product (11), b) coating the product (11) with a plasma polymer impression layer (13 ), so that it adheres to the product (11), c) coating the impression layer (13) with a cover layer (15), so that the impression layer (13) adheres to the cover layer (15) more firmly than to the product (11) ,

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein in step b) the impression layer (13) is deposited on the product (11), the deposition conditions being varied in time so that the impression layer (13) produced is a gradient layer and / or an adhesive zone for Application of the cover layer (15) and a dehasive zone adjacent to the product (11) and optionally a transition zone.

12. The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein the product (11) before or in step b) is wetted with a liquid precursor.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the liquid precursor is a separation-active substance.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein step b) is carried out so that the liquid precursor crosslinks and becomes an integral part of the impression layer (13).

15. A method for producing a (i) part of the surface or (ii) negative (13; 15) molding the surface of a product (11), comprising the following steps: a) providing a product (11) with a layer system (13; 15 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, b) separating the layer system (13; 15) from the product (11), so that the separated layer system (13; 15) is a (i) part of the surface or (ii) the surface of the product impression negative (13; 15).

16. A method for producing a positive model (11b) of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product (11), comprising the following steps: a) producing an impression negative (13; 15) of (i) parts the surface or (ii) the surface of the product by means of a method according to claim 15, b) molding the negative (13; 15) so that the positive model (11b) is formed.

17. A method for producing a positive model (21b; 27) of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product (21), comprising the following steps: a) producing a (i) part of the surface or (ii) the surface of the product (21) impression negative (25), b) coating the negative (25) with an impression layer (27), which is a plasma polymer layer, which takes the contours of the negative (25), c) coating the impression layer ( 27) with a carrier layer (21b), the impression layer (27) adhering more firmly to the carrier layer (21b) than to the negative (25), d) separating the carrier layer (21b) from the negative (25), so that the impression layer (27) remains on the carrier layer (21b) and the layer system of carrier layer (21b) and impression layer (27) forms the positive model (21b; 27) ,

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein after step c) the coated negative (25; 27; 21b) is a product with a layer system according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the carrier layer (21b) corresponds to the cover layer.

19. A method for producing a positive model (31b; 37) of (i) parts of the surface or (ii) the surface of a product (31) according to claim 17 or 18, comprising in step a) the following steps: providing a product (31 ) with layer system (33; 35) according to one of claims 1 to 9, separating the layer system (33; 35) from the product, so that the separated layer system (33; 35) is a (i) part of the surface or (ii) the surface of the product is an impression negative (33; 35).