EP1752654B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1752654B1
EP1752654B1 EP20060117188 EP06117188A EP1752654B1 EP 1752654 B1 EP1752654 B1 EP 1752654B1 EP 20060117188 EP20060117188 EP 20060117188 EP 06117188 A EP06117188 A EP 06117188A EP 1752654 B1 EP1752654 B1 EP 1752654B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
housing
valve
fuel injection
actuator housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP20060117188
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1752654A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Liskow
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1752654A1 publication Critical patent/EP1752654A1/en
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Publication of EP1752654B1 publication Critical patent/EP1752654B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F02M2200/306—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using mechanical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of the main claim. It is already a fuel injector from the DE 103 08 879 A1 known, with an actuator housing mounted in a valve housing, in which a piezoelectric actuator is provided. Due to the high-frequency circuit of the piezoelectric actuator, high dynamic operating forces occur, which arise due to the acceleration of comparatively large masses, for example of the actuator and the valve needle. In this case, large force changes take place per unit time, which are known to stimulate structure-borne noise. This structure-borne sound emitted by the fuel injection valve is transmitted to the internal combustion engine and emitted as airborne sound, so that the generated noise of the fuel injection valve exceeds a predetermined value.
  • a fuel injection valve with an actuator housing is known, which is provided free of storage at its ends and is penetrated by an opening of a storage.
  • the bearing extends from the valve housing to the actuators arranged in the actuator housing.
  • the opening is provided with play for the Aktorhub. Due to the actuator stroke, the actuator housing moves relative to the valve housing, whereby the valve needle is actuated.
  • the fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that in a simple manner a reduction of the structure-borne sound excitation and thus the noise is achieved by the actuator housing is provided free of storage at its ends and has a single bearing for connection to the valve housing ,
  • the only storage is provided on the circumference of the actuator housing between the two ends of the actuator housing, as can be achieved in this way that the actuator housing can perform two opposite Operahübe in the axial direction.
  • the only bearing is provided in the region of the middle of the longitudinal extent of the actuator housing, since in this way the static and dynamic forces compensate each other so that only slight temporal force changes occur in the single bearing and thus stimulate only little structure-borne noise becomes.
  • the single bearing as a shoulder.
  • valve housing has a second shoulder for attachment to an internal combustion engine, which is seen in the axial direction in the region of a force-neutral plane, since only in this plane, the static and dynamic forces are balanced and transmit little structure-borne noise to the adjacent internal combustion engine becomes.
  • the both sides of the force neutral plane arranged in the valve housing, axially movable masses are advantageously summarized on each side at least approximately equal to achieve a balance of power in the force neutral plane.
  • the actuator housing is mounted such that in each case a partial stroke in the direction of the valve needle and a partial stroke in the direction away from the valve needle direction is executable. In this way, opposing forces can be achieved, which cancel each other at least partially in the single storage.
  • the actuator housing acts with its one end on a valve needle and on a valve needle facing away from a compensation element having a balancing mass.
  • the compensation element By means of the compensation element a balance of forces in the storage area is achieved, so that there are no high temporal force changes.
  • the actuator is a piezoelectric actuator, shape memory actuator or a magnetostrictive actuator.
  • the drawing shows in section an inventive fuel injection valve.
  • the fuel injection valve serves, for example, to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine and is used, for example, in what is known as direct injection.
  • the fuel injection valve can also inject the fuel into a suction pipe of an internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injection valve has an example cylindrical valve housing 1 with an input channel 2 for the fuel.
  • the input channel 2 opens into a valve chamber 1.1 of the valve housing 1, in which an axially movable valve needle 4 is provided, which is adjustable by means of an actuator 3.
  • the valve needle 4 has, for example, a needle shaft 7 facing the actuator 3 and a valve closing body 8 facing away from the actuator 3.
  • the actuator 3 transmits its movement, for example via a schematically illustrated coupler element 9 the needle shaft 7 of the valve needle 4, whereby the cooperating with a valve seat 10 valve closing body 8 opens or closes the fuel injection valve.
  • the valve closing body 8 lies tight against the valve seat 10 with line or surface contact over its entire circumference and forms a sealing seat 12.
  • the actuator 3 expands when an electrical voltage is applied or shortens.
  • the actuator 3 is designed as a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator or as a so-called shape memory actuator.
  • a piezoelectric actuator 3 consists of a plurality of piezoceramic layers, which perform an expansion in the axial direction by applying an electrical voltage. In this case, the so-called inverse piezoelectric effect is utilized in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy.
  • the actuator 3 is surrounded by a cylindrical actuator housing 22, for example a tubular spring with bone-shaped recesses 23, which biases the actuator 3 in the axial direction with respect to a valve axis 21 to pressure and protects it in this way from harmful tensile stresses.
  • a cylindrical actuator housing 22 for example a tubular spring with bone-shaped recesses 23, which biases the actuator 3 in the axial direction with respect to a valve axis 21 to pressure and protects it in this way from harmful tensile stresses.
  • the coupler element 9 is clamped between the actuator housing 22 and the valve needle 4.
  • the actuator housing 22 and the coupler element 9 are arranged, for example, in an inner space 14.1 of an inner housing 14 provided in the valve chamber 1.1 of the valve housing 1 in order to encapsulate the actuator 3 and the coupler element 9 with respect to the fuel.
  • the inner housing 14 is part of the valve housing 1 and, for example, cylindrical. However, the inner housing 14 may also be omitted if the actuator 3 is sufficiently fuel-resistant or sealed in any other way than with the inner housing 14 relative to the fuel.
  • the actuator housing 22 and the coupler element 9 are then arranged directly in the valve chamber 1.1.
  • the valve housing 1 has, for example, a cover 19, which closes the valve housing 1 and the inner housing 14 at the end.
  • the needle shaft 7 of the valve needle 4 extends partly in the interior 14.1, for example, starting from the coupler element 9, in the direction of the valve seat 10 and extends through the inner housing 14 through a passage opening 15 to outside of the inner housing 14.
  • the passage opening 15 of the inner housing 14 is by means of a seal 16, for example by means of a bellows, which is connected at its one end to the inner housing 14 and at its other end to the needle shaft 7, sealed from the fuel, so that no fuel from the valve housing 1 can get into the inner housing 14.
  • valve housing 1, the inner housing 14, the actuator housing 22 with the actuator 3, the coupler element 9 and the valve needle 4 are, for example, arranged concentrically with each other with respect to the valve axis 21 extending in the direction of the valve needle 4.
  • the expansion or contraction of the actuator 3 generated by the application of the electrical voltage is transmitted to the valve needle 4, wherein the valve needle 4, for example, executes a stroke of 40 to 50 microns.
  • the actuator 3 shortens or expands after switching off the electrical voltage and the valve needle 4 is moved back in the direction of the valve seat 10 by means of a return spring 18 and closes the fuel injection valve.
  • the coupler element 9 Since the actuator 3 and the other components of the fuel injection valve, for example the valve housing 1, expand differently due to different thermal expansion coefficients with temperature change, the coupler element 9 must compensate for the differences in the different linear expansion, to ensure that the fuel injection valve with the valve needle 4th regardless of the respective temperature of the fuel injection valve during an opening movement in each case executes the same stroke as the actuator 3. It must not lift losses occur in which the stroke of the actuator 3 is not completely transferred to the valve needle 4, so that the stroke of the valve needle 4 is smaller is as the stroke of the actuator 3.
  • the coupler element 9 is for example a so-called hydraulic coupler.
  • a hydraulic coupler is for example from the DE102004015622 A1 known.
  • the fuel downstream of the inlet channel 2 is guided for example via a first annular gap 5 between the valve housing 1 and the inner housing 14 and a second annular gap 6 between the valve housing 1 and the valve needle 4 to the valve seat 10 and occurs with the fuel injection valve open through an outlet opening between the valve closing body 8 and the valve seat 10 off.
  • the structure-borne sound excitation and the airborne sound radiation are reduced in the present invention by the actuator housing 22 is arranged without storage at its ends, with a single bearing 24 for connecting the actuator housing 22 with the valve housing 1, for example, with the inner housing 14 is provided.
  • the actuator housing 22 according to the invention has the degree of freedom to expand not only in the direction of the valve needle 4, but also in the opposite direction.
  • the mass forces of the accelerated masses are at least partially equal, since the actuator housing 22 with the actuator 3 does not expand or contract in one direction, as in the prior art, but executes two opposite partial strokes.
  • the mass of the moving parts for example, the actuator 3, the actuator housing 22, the coupler element 9 and the valve needle 4, understood.
  • the single bearing 24 is formed between the two ends of the actuator housing 22. It extends from the circumference of the actuator housing 22 in the radial direction with respect to the valve axis 21 to a wall of the valve housing 1, for example of the inner housing 14, so that the actuator housing 22 is fixedly connected to the valve housing 1, for example by welding. In this way, the storage 24 is designed as a so-called fixed bearing.
  • the bearing 24 is formed according to one embodiment as an annular first shoulder 25, which extends from the valve housing 1, starting to the actuator housing 22. Instead of an annular first shoulder 25 distributed webs 22 may be provided over the circumference of the actuator housing.
  • the first shoulder 25 is, for example, integrally connected to the inner housing 14 and welded to the actuator housing 22.
  • the actuator housing 22 has an axial center with respect to its longitudinal extent in the direction of the valve axis 21.
  • the bearing 24 is provided in the region of this axial center.
  • the bearing 24 can also be arranged outside the axial center between the two ends of the actuator housing 22.
  • the actuator housing 22 is supported in the region of a force-neutral, axial plane 29, that the axially movable masses arranged on both sides of the axial plane 29 in the valve housing 1 are summarized on each side at least approximately equal.
  • a compensating element 30 is arranged with a balancing mass, which is integrally connected to the actuator housing 22, for example.
  • the actuator housing 22 is imaginary divided by the axial plane 29 into two sections. For example, the mass of the valve needle 4, the coupler element 9 and the valve needle 4 facing portion of the actuator housing 22 together at least approximately as large as together the mass of the valve needle 4 facing away portion of the actuator housing 22 and the compensating element 30th
  • a compression spring 31 which acts, for example, on the compensation element 30 against the return spring 18.
  • the valve housing 1 has a second shoulder 26 for attachment to an internal combustion engine, wherein the second shoulder 26 seen in the axial direction, for example, in the region of the axial plane 29, in which the sum of the static and dynamic forces over wide frequency ranges at least approximately zero.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.
Es ist schon ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil aus der DE 103 08 879 A1 bekannt, mit einem in einem Ventilgehäuse gelagerten Aktorgehäuse, in dem ein Piezoaktor vorgesehen ist. Durch die hochfrequente Schaltung des Piezoaktors treten hohe dynamische Betriebskräfte auf, die durch das Beschleunigen von vergleichsweise grossen Massen, beispielsweise des Aktors und der Ventilnadel, entstehen. Dabei finden pro Zeiteinheit grosse Kraftänderungen statt, die bekannterweise Körperschall anregen. Dieser vom Brennstoffeinspritzventil ausgehende Körperschall wird auf die Brennkraftmaschine übertragen und als Luftschall ausgestrahlt, so dass die erzeugten Geräusche des Brennstoffeinspritzventils einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreiten.The invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of the main claim.
It is already a fuel injector from the DE 103 08 879 A1 known, with an actuator housing mounted in a valve housing, in which a piezoelectric actuator is provided. Due to the high-frequency circuit of the piezoelectric actuator, high dynamic operating forces occur, which arise due to the acceleration of comparatively large masses, for example of the actuator and the valve needle. In this case, large force changes take place per unit time, which are known to stimulate structure-borne noise. This structure-borne sound emitted by the fuel injection valve is transmitted to the internal combustion engine and emitted as airborne sound, so that the generated noise of the fuel injection valve exceeds a predetermined value.

Aus der DE 199 18 976 A1 ist ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem Aktorgehäuse bekannt, das an seinen Enden lagerungsfrei vorgesehen ist und durch eine Öffnung von einer Lagerung durchragt wird. Die Lagerung verläuft von dem Ventilgehäuse bis an die im Aktorgehäuse angeordneten Aktoren. Die Öffnung ist mit Spiel für den Aktorhub versehen. Durch den Aktorhub verschiebt sich das Aktorgehäuse relativ zum Ventilgehäuse, wodurch die Ventilnadel betätigt wird.From the DE 199 18 976 A1 a fuel injection valve with an actuator housing is known, which is provided free of storage at its ends and is penetrated by an opening of a storage. The bearing extends from the valve housing to the actuators arranged in the actuator housing. The opening is provided with play for the Aktorhub. Due to the actuator stroke, the actuator housing moves relative to the valve housing, whereby the valve needle is actuated.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemässe Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass auf einfache Art und Weise eine Verringerung der Körperschallanregung und damit der Geräuschentwicklung erreicht wird, indem das Aktorgehäuse an seinen Enden lagerungsfrei vorgesehen ist und eine einzige Lagerung zur Verbindung mit dem Ventilgehäuse aufweist.The fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that in a simple manner a reduction of the structure-borne sound excitation and thus the noise is achieved by the actuator housing is provided free of storage at its ends and has a single bearing for connection to the valve housing ,

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzventils möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the main claim fuel injector are possible.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass die einzige Lagerung am Umfang des Aktorgehäuses zwischen den beiden Enden des Aktorgehäuses vorgesehen ist, da auf diese Weise erreichbar ist, dass das Aktorgehäuse zwei einander entgegengesetzte Teilhübe in axialer Richtung ausführen kann.It is particularly advantageous that the only storage is provided on the circumference of the actuator housing between the two ends of the actuator housing, as can be achieved in this way that the actuator housing can perform two opposite Teilhübe in the axial direction.

Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist, wenn die einzige Lagerung im Bereich der Mitte der Längserstreckung des Aktorgehäuses vorgesehen ist, da sich auf diese Weise die statischen und dynamischen Kräfte derart ausgleichen, dass in der einzigen Lagerung nur noch geringe zeitliche Kraftänderungen erfolgen und damit nur noch wenig Körperschall angeregt wird.It is also advantageous if the only bearing is provided in the region of the middle of the longitudinal extent of the actuator housing, since in this way the static and dynamic forces compensate each other so that only slight temporal force changes occur in the single bearing and thus stimulate only little structure-borne noise becomes.

Gemäß einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, die einzige Lagerung als eine Schulter auszubilden.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided to form the single bearing as a shoulder.

Auch vorteilhaft ist, wenn das Ventilgehäuse eine zweite Schulter zur Befestigung an einer Brennkraftmaschine aufweist, die in axialer Richtung gesehen im Bereich einer kräfteneutralen Ebene liegt, da nur in dieser Ebene die statischen und dynamischen Kräfte ausgeglichen sind und nur wenig Körperschall auf die angrenzende Brennkraftmaschine übertragen wird. Die beidseitig der kräfteneutralen Ebene im Ventilgehäuse angeordneten, axial beweglichen Massen sind vorteilhafterweise auf jeder Seite zusammengefasst zumindest annähernd gleich groß, um ein Kräftegleichgewicht in der kräfteneutralen Ebene zu erreichen.It is also advantageous if the valve housing has a second shoulder for attachment to an internal combustion engine, which is seen in the axial direction in the region of a force-neutral plane, since only in this plane, the static and dynamic forces are balanced and transmit little structure-borne noise to the adjacent internal combustion engine becomes. The both sides of the force neutral plane arranged in the valve housing, axially movable masses are advantageously summarized on each side at least approximately equal to achieve a balance of power in the force neutral plane.

Desweiteren vorteilhaft ist, dass das Aktorgehäuse derart gelagert ist, dass jeweils ein Teilhub in Richtung der Ventilnadel und ein Teilhub in von der Ventilnadel abgewandter Richtung ausführbar ist. Auf diese Weise können einander entgegengesetzte Kräfte erreicht werden, die sich in der einzigen Lagerung zumindest teilweise aufheben.Furthermore, it is advantageous that the actuator housing is mounted such that in each case a partial stroke in the direction of the valve needle and a partial stroke in the direction away from the valve needle direction is executable. In this way, opposing forces can be achieved, which cancel each other at least partially in the single storage.

Darüber hinaus vorteilhaft ist, wenn das Aktorgehäuse mit seinem einen Ende auf eine Ventilnadel wirkt und an einem der Ventilnadel abgewandten Ende ein Ausgleichselement mit einer Ausgleichsmasse aufweist. Mittels des Ausgleichselementes wird ein Kräftegleichgewicht im Bereich der Lagerung erreicht, so dass dort keine hohen zeitlichen Kraftänderungen auftreten.Moreover, it is advantageous if the actuator housing acts with its one end on a valve needle and on a valve needle facing away from a compensation element having a balancing mass. By means of the compensation element a balance of forces in the storage area is achieved, so that there are no high temporal force changes.

Vorteilhaft ist, wenn eine rückstellend auf die Ventilnadel wirkende Rückstellfeder und eine entgegen der Rückstellfeder auf das Aktorgehäuse wirkende Ausgleichsfeder vorgesehen ist, da auf diese Weise auch die unstetig wirkenden statischen Kräfte ausgleichbar sind.It is advantageous if a resetting spring acting on the valve needle and a compensating spring acting against the return spring on the actuator housing are provided, since in this way the unsteady acting static forces can also be compensated.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass der Aktor ein Piezoaktor, Formgedächtnisaktor oder ein magnetostriktiver Aktor ist.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the actuator is a piezoelectric actuator, shape memory actuator or a magnetostrictive actuator.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Die Zeichnung zeigt im Schnitt ein erfindungsgemäßes Brennstoffeinspritzventil.The drawing shows in section an inventive fuel injection valve.

Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil dient beispielsweise dazu, Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine einzuspritzen und wird beispielsweise bei der sogenannten Direkteinspritzung verwendet. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil kann aber auch den Kraftstoff in ein Saugrohr einer Brennkraftmaschine einspritzen.The fuel injection valve serves, for example, to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine and is used, for example, in what is known as direct injection. The fuel injection valve can also inject the fuel into a suction pipe of an internal combustion engine.

Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil hat ein beispielsweise zylinderförmiges Ventilgehäuse 1 mit einem Eingangskanal 2 für den Kraftstoff. Der Eingangskanal 2 mündet in einen Ventilraum 1.1 des Ventilgehäuses 1, in dem eine axial bewegliche Ventilnadel 4 vorgesehen ist, die mittels eines Aktors 3 verstellbar ist.The fuel injection valve has an example cylindrical valve housing 1 with an input channel 2 for the fuel. The input channel 2 opens into a valve chamber 1.1 of the valve housing 1, in which an axially movable valve needle 4 is provided, which is adjustable by means of an actuator 3.

Die Ventilnadel 4 weist beispielsweise einen dem Aktor 3 zugewandten Nadelschaft 7 und einen dem Aktor 3 abgewandten Ventilschließkörper 8 auf. Der Aktor 3 überträgt seine Bewegung beispielsweise über ein schematisch dargestelltes Kopplerelement 9 auf den Nadelschaft 7 der Ventilnadel 4, wodurch der mit einem Ventilsitz 10 zusammenwirkende Ventilschließkörper 8 das Brennstoffeinspritzventil öffnet oder schließt. Bei geschlossenem Brennstoffeinspritzventil liegt der Ventilschließkörper 8 über seinen gesamten Umfang an dem Ventilsitz 10 mit Linien- oder Flächenberührung dicht an und bildet einen Dichtsitz 12.The valve needle 4 has, for example, a needle shaft 7 facing the actuator 3 and a valve closing body 8 facing away from the actuator 3. The actuator 3 transmits its movement, for example via a schematically illustrated coupler element 9 the needle shaft 7 of the valve needle 4, whereby the cooperating with a valve seat 10 valve closing body 8 opens or closes the fuel injection valve. When the fuel injection valve is closed, the valve closing body 8 lies tight against the valve seat 10 with line or surface contact over its entire circumference and forms a sealing seat 12.

Der Aktor 3 dehnt sich bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung aus oder verkürzt sich. Beispielsweise ist der Aktor 3 als ein piezoelektrischer oder magnetostriktiver Aktor oder als ein sogenannter Formgedächtnisaktor ausgebildet. Ein piezoelektrischer Aktor 3 besteht aus einer Vielzahl von piezokeramischen Schichten, die durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung eine Dehnung in axialer Richtung ausführen. Dabei wird der sogenannte inverse piezoelektrische Effekt ausgenutzt, bei dem elektrische Energie in mechanische Energie umgewandelt wird.The actuator 3 expands when an electrical voltage is applied or shortens. For example, the actuator 3 is designed as a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator or as a so-called shape memory actuator. A piezoelectric actuator 3 consists of a plurality of piezoceramic layers, which perform an expansion in the axial direction by applying an electrical voltage. In this case, the so-called inverse piezoelectric effect is utilized in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy.

Der Aktor 3 ist von einem zylinderförmigen Aktorgehäuse 22, beispielsweise einer Rohrfeder mit knochenförmigen Ausnehmungen 23, umgeben, das den Aktor 3 in axialer Richtung bezüglich einer Ventilachse 21 auf Druck vorspannt und diesen auf diese Weise vor schädlichen Zugspannungen schützt.The actuator 3 is surrounded by a cylindrical actuator housing 22, for example a tubular spring with bone-shaped recesses 23, which biases the actuator 3 in the axial direction with respect to a valve axis 21 to pressure and protects it in this way from harmful tensile stresses.

Das Kopplerelement 9 ist zwischen dem Aktorgehäuse 22 und der Ventilnadel 4 eingespannt.The coupler element 9 is clamped between the actuator housing 22 and the valve needle 4.

Das Aktorgehäuse 22 und das Kopplerelement 9 sind beispielsweise in einem Innenraum 14.1 eines im Ventilraum 1.1 des Ventilgehäuses 1 vorgesehenen Innengehäuses 14 angeordnet, um den Aktor 3 und das Kopplerelement 9 gegenüber dem Kraftstoff zu kapseln. Das Innengehäuse 14 ist Teil des Ventilgehäuses 1 und beispielsweise zylinderförmig ausgeführt. Das Innengehäuse 14 kann jedoch auch entfallen, wenn der Aktor 3 hinreichend kraftstoffbeständig ausgeführt ist oder auf andere Weise als mit dem Innengehäuse 14 gegenüber dem Kraftstoff abgedichtet ist. Das Aktorgehäuse 22 und das Kopplerelement 9 sind dann unmittelbar im Ventilraum 1.1 angeordnet.The actuator housing 22 and the coupler element 9 are arranged, for example, in an inner space 14.1 of an inner housing 14 provided in the valve chamber 1.1 of the valve housing 1 in order to encapsulate the actuator 3 and the coupler element 9 with respect to the fuel. The inner housing 14 is part of the valve housing 1 and, for example, cylindrical. However, the inner housing 14 may also be omitted if the actuator 3 is sufficiently fuel-resistant or sealed in any other way than with the inner housing 14 relative to the fuel. The actuator housing 22 and the coupler element 9 are then arranged directly in the valve chamber 1.1.

Das Ventilgehäuse 1 weist beispielsweise einen Deckel 19 auf, der das Ventilgehäuse 1 und das Innengehäuse 14 stirnseitig verschließt.The valve housing 1 has, for example, a cover 19, which closes the valve housing 1 and the inner housing 14 at the end.

Der Nadelschaft 7 der Ventilnadel 4 verläuft teilweise im Innenraum 14.1, beispielsweise von dem Kopplerelement 9 ausgehend, in Richtung des Ventilsitzes 10 und durchragt das Innengehäuse 14 durch eine Durchgangsöffnung 15 bis nach außerhalb des Innengehäuses 14. Die Durchgangsöffnung 15 des Innengehäuses 14 ist mittels einer Dichtung 16, beispielsweise mittels eines Wellbalgs, der an seinem einen Ende mit dem Innengehäuse 14 und an seinem anderen Ende mit dem Nadelschaft 7 verbunden ist, gegenüber dem Kraftstoff abgedichtet, so daß kein Kraftstoff aus dem Ventilgehäuse 1 in das Innengehäuse 14 gelangen kann.The needle shaft 7 of the valve needle 4 extends partly in the interior 14.1, for example, starting from the coupler element 9, in the direction of the valve seat 10 and extends through the inner housing 14 through a passage opening 15 to outside of the inner housing 14. The passage opening 15 of the inner housing 14 is by means of a seal 16, for example by means of a bellows, which is connected at its one end to the inner housing 14 and at its other end to the needle shaft 7, sealed from the fuel, so that no fuel from the valve housing 1 can get into the inner housing 14.

Das Ventilgehäuse 1, das Innengehäuse 14, das Aktorgehäuse 22 mit dem Aktor 3, das Kopplerelement 9 und die Ventilnadel 4 sind beispielsweise konzentrisch zueinander bezüglich der in Richtung der Ventilnadel 4 verlaufenden Ventilachse 21 angeordnet.The valve housing 1, the inner housing 14, the actuator housing 22 with the actuator 3, the coupler element 9 and the valve needle 4 are, for example, arranged concentrically with each other with respect to the valve axis 21 extending in the direction of the valve needle 4.

Die durch das Anlegen der elektrischen Spannung erzeugte Dehnung oder Kontraktion des Aktors 3 wird auf die Ventilnadel 4 übertragen, wobei die Ventilnadel 4 beispielsweise einen Hub von 40 bis 50 Mikrometer ausführt. Nach erfolgter Öffnung des Brennstoffeinspritzventils verkürzt oder dehnt sich der Aktor 3 nach Abschalten der elektrischen Spannung und die Ventilnadel 4 wird mittels einer Rückstellfeder 18 wieder in Richtung Ventilsitz 10 zurückbewegt und schließt das Brennstoffeinspritzventil.The expansion or contraction of the actuator 3 generated by the application of the electrical voltage is transmitted to the valve needle 4, wherein the valve needle 4, for example, executes a stroke of 40 to 50 microns. After the opening of the fuel injection valve, the actuator 3 shortens or expands after switching off the electrical voltage and the valve needle 4 is moved back in the direction of the valve seat 10 by means of a return spring 18 and closes the fuel injection valve.

Da sich der Aktor 3 und die übrigen Komponenten des Brennstoffeinspritzventils, beispielsweise das Ventilgehäuse 1, wegen unterschiedlicher thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bei Temperaturänderung unterschiedlich stark ausdehnen, muß das Kopplerelement 9 die Differenzen in der unterschiedlichen Längenausdehnung ausgleichen, um zu gewährleisten, daß das Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit der Ventilnadel 4 unabhängig von der jeweiligen Temperatur des Brennstoffeinspritzventils bei einer Öffnungsbewegung jeweils den gleichen Hub ausführt wie der Aktor 3. Es dürfen keine Hubverluste auftreten, bei denen der Hub des Aktors 3 nicht vollständig auf die Ventilnadel 4 übertragen wird, so daß der Hub der Ventilnadel 4 kleiner ist als der Hub des Aktors 3. Das Kopplerelement 9 ist beispielsweise ein sogenannter hydraulischer Koppler. Ein hydraulischer Koppler ist beispielsweise aus der DE102004015622 A1 bekannt.Since the actuator 3 and the other components of the fuel injection valve, for example the valve housing 1, expand differently due to different thermal expansion coefficients with temperature change, the coupler element 9 must compensate for the differences in the different linear expansion, to ensure that the fuel injection valve with the valve needle 4th regardless of the respective temperature of the fuel injection valve during an opening movement in each case executes the same stroke as the actuator 3. It must not lift losses occur in which the stroke of the actuator 3 is not completely transferred to the valve needle 4, so that the stroke of the valve needle 4 is smaller is as the stroke of the actuator 3. The coupler element 9 is for example a so-called hydraulic coupler. A hydraulic coupler is for example from the DE102004015622 A1 known.

Der Kraftstoff stromab des Eingangskanals 2 wird beispielsweise über einen ersten Ringspalt 5 zwischen dem Ventilgehäuse 1 und dem Innengehäuse 14 und über einen zweiten Ringspalt 6 zwischen dem Ventilgehäuse 1 und der Ventilnadel 4 zum Ventilsitz 10 geführt und tritt bei geöffnetem Brennstoffeinspritzventil durch einen Austrittsöffnung zwischen dem Ventilschließkörper 8 und dem Ventilsitz 10 aus.The fuel downstream of the inlet channel 2 is guided for example via a first annular gap 5 between the valve housing 1 and the inner housing 14 and a second annular gap 6 between the valve housing 1 and the valve needle 4 to the valve seat 10 and occurs with the fuel injection valve open through an outlet opening between the valve closing body 8 and the valve seat 10 off.

Durch die hochfrequente Hubbewegung des Aktors 3, der u.a. das Aktorgehäuse 22 und die Ventilnadel 4 zwischen zwei Endlagen hin und her bewegt, werden vergleichsweise große Massen beschleunigt und abgebremst. Da die Bewegung stoßartig erfolgt, ändern sich die durch die hohe Beschleunigung wirkenden Massenkräfte pro Zeiteinheit sehr stark, so dass beim Stand der Technik Körperschall angeregt wird, der als Luftschall an die Umgebung abgestrahlt wird und damit in ungewünschter Weise akustisch wahrnehmbar ist.Due to the high-frequency lifting movement of the actuator 3, the u.a. the actuator housing 22 and the valve needle 4 moves back and forth between two end positions, comparatively large masses are accelerated and decelerated. Since the movement is jerky, the mass forces acting by the high acceleration per unit time change very strong, so that in the prior art structure-borne noise is excited, which is radiated as airborne sound to the environment and thus is acoustically perceptible in an undesirable manner.

Die Körperschallanregung und die Luftschallabstrahlung werden bei der vorliegenden Erfindung verringert, indem das Aktorgehäuse 22 an seinen Enden lagerungsfrei angeordnet ist, wobei eine einzige Lagerung 24 zur Verbindung des Aktorgehäuses 22 mit dem Ventilgehäuse 1, beispielsweise mit dem Innengehäuse 14, vorgesehen ist. Das Aktorgehäuse 22 hat erfindungsgemäß den Freiheitsgrad, sich nicht nur in Richtung der Ventilnadel 4, sondern auch in entgegengesetzte Richtung auszudehnen. Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Lagerung des Aktorgehäuses 22 gleichen sich die Massenkräfte der beschleunigten Massen zumindest teilweise aus, da sich das Aktorgehäuse 22 mit dem Aktor 3 nicht wie beim Stand der Technik nur in eine Richtung ausdehnt oder zusammenzieht, sondern zwei entgegengesetzte Teilhübe ausführt. Dadurch wirken bei jedem Hub einander entgegengesetzte Massenkräfte Fm, die sich im Bereich der einzigen Lagerung 24 zumindest teilweise aufheben, so dass die Kraftänderungen pro Zeit zumindest stark verringert sind und daher zumindest weniger Körperschall von dem Aktorgehäuse 22 abgestrahlt und über die einzige Lagerung 24 auf das Ventilgehäuse 1 und von dort auf die Brennkraftmaschine übertragen wird.The structure-borne sound excitation and the airborne sound radiation are reduced in the present invention by the actuator housing 22 is arranged without storage at its ends, with a single bearing 24 for connecting the actuator housing 22 with the valve housing 1, for example, with the inner housing 14 is provided. The actuator housing 22 according to the invention has the degree of freedom to expand not only in the direction of the valve needle 4, but also in the opposite direction. As a result of this inventive mounting of the actuator housing 22, the mass forces of the accelerated masses are at least partially equal, since the actuator housing 22 with the actuator 3 does not expand or contract in one direction, as in the prior art, but executes two opposite partial strokes. As a result, opposing mass forces Fm which cancel each other out at least partially in the region of the single bearing 24, so that the force changes per time are at least greatly reduced and therefore at least less structure-borne noise radiated from the actuator housing 22 and the only storage 24 on the Valve housing 1 and is transferred from there to the internal combustion engine.

Unter den beschleunigten Massen wird die Masse der bewegten Teile, beispielsweise des Aktors 3, des Aktorgehäuses 22, des Kopplerelementes 9 und der Ventilnadel 4, verstanden.Among the accelerated masses, the mass of the moving parts, for example, the actuator 3, the actuator housing 22, the coupler element 9 and the valve needle 4, understood.

Die einzige Lagerung 24 ist zwischen den beiden Enden des Aktorgehäuses 22 ausgebildet. Sie verläuft von dem Umfang des Aktorgehäuses 22 ausgehend in radialer Richtung bezüglich der Ventilachse 21 bis an eine Wandung des Ventilgehäuses 1, beispielsweise des Innengehäuses 14, so dass das Aktorgehäuse 22 fest mit dem Ventilgehäuse 1 verbunden ist, beispielsweise mittels Schweißen. Auf diese Weise ist die Lagerung 24 als sogenanntes Festlager ausgeführt. Die Lagerung 24 ist gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel als eine ringförmige erste Schulter 25 ausgebildet, die von dem Ventilgehäuse 1 ausgehend bis an das Aktorgehäuse 22 verläuft. Anstatt einer ringförmigen ersten Schulter 25 können auch über den Umfang des Aktorgehäuses 22 verteilte Stege vorgesehen sein. Die erste Schulter 25 ist beispielsweise einstückig mit dem Innengehäuse 14 verbunden und mit dem Aktorgehäuse 22 verschweißt.The single bearing 24 is formed between the two ends of the actuator housing 22. It extends from the circumference of the actuator housing 22 in the radial direction with respect to the valve axis 21 to a wall of the valve housing 1, for example of the inner housing 14, so that the actuator housing 22 is fixedly connected to the valve housing 1, for example by welding. In this way, the storage 24 is designed as a so-called fixed bearing. The bearing 24 is formed according to one embodiment as an annular first shoulder 25, which extends from the valve housing 1, starting to the actuator housing 22. Instead of an annular first shoulder 25 distributed webs 22 may be provided over the circumference of the actuator housing. The first shoulder 25 is, for example, integrally connected to the inner housing 14 and welded to the actuator housing 22.

Das Aktorgehäuse 22 weist bezüglich seiner Längserstreckung in Richtung der Ventilachse 21 eine axiale Mitte auf. Beispielsweise ist die Lagerung 24 in dem Bereich dieser axialen Mitte vorgesehen. Die Lagerung 24 kann aber auch außerhalb der axialen Mitte zwischen den beiden Enden des Aktorgehäuses 22 angeordnet sein.The actuator housing 22 has an axial center with respect to its longitudinal extent in the direction of the valve axis 21. For example, the bearing 24 is provided in the region of this axial center. However, the bearing 24 can also be arranged outside the axial center between the two ends of the actuator housing 22.

Um einen nahezu vollständigen Ausgleich der Massenkräfte zu erreichen, sind nicht nur die Massenkräfte des Aktorgehäuses 22 mit dem Aktor 3, sondern auch die der anderen bewegten Teile, beispielsweise des Kopplerelementes 9 und der Ventilnadel 4, zu berücksichtigen.In order to achieve an almost complete compensation of the mass forces, not only the inertia forces of the actuator housing 22 with the actuator 3, but also the other moving parts, such as the coupler element 9 and the valve needle 4, are taken into account.

Dies wird erreicht, indem das Aktorgehäuse 22 derart im Bereich einer kräfteneutralen, axialen Ebene 29 gelagert ist, dass die beidseitig der axialen Ebene 29 im Ventilgehäuse 1 angeordneten, axial beweglichen Massen auf jeder Seite zusammengefasst zumindest annähernd gleich groß sind. Um dies zu erzielen, ist gemäß einer ersten Ausführung auf der der Ventilnadel 4 abgewandten Stirnseite des Aktorgehäuses 22 ein Ausgleichselement 30 mit einer Ausgleichsmasse angeordnet, das beispielsweise mit dem Aktorgehäuse 22 einstückig verbunden ist. Das Aktorgehäuse 22 wird durch die axiale Ebene 29 imaginär in zwei Teilabschnitte geteilt. Beispielsweise ist die Masse der Ventilnadel 4, des Kopplerelementes 9 und des der Ventilnadel 4 zugewandten Teilabschnitts des Aktorgehäuses 22 zusammen zumindest annähernd so groß wie zusammen die Masse des der Ventilnadel 4 abgewandten Teilabschnitts des Aktorgehäuses 22 und des Ausgleichselementes 30.This is achieved by the actuator housing 22 is supported in the region of a force-neutral, axial plane 29, that the axially movable masses arranged on both sides of the axial plane 29 in the valve housing 1 are summarized on each side at least approximately equal. To achieve this, according to a first embodiment, on the end face of the actuator housing 22 facing away from the valve needle 4, a compensating element 30 is arranged with a balancing mass, which is integrally connected to the actuator housing 22, for example. The actuator housing 22 is imaginary divided by the axial plane 29 into two sections. For example, the mass of the valve needle 4, the coupler element 9 and the valve needle 4 facing portion of the actuator housing 22 together at least approximately as large as together the mass of the valve needle 4 facing away portion of the actuator housing 22 and the compensating element 30th

Auch die statischen Kräfte sind vorteilhafterweise zu kompensieren. Beispielsweise ist zum Ausgleich der Kraft der Rückstellfeder 18 eine Druckfeder 31 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise auf das Ausgleichselement 30 entgegen der Rückstellfeder 18 wirkt.The static forces are to be compensated advantageously. For example, to compensate for the force of the return spring 18, a compression spring 31 is provided which acts, for example, on the compensation element 30 against the return spring 18.

Das Ventilgehäuse 1 weist eine zweite Schulter 26 zur Befestigung an einer Brennkraftmaschine auf, wobei die zweite Schulter 26 in axialer Richtung gesehen beispielsweise im Bereich der axialen Ebene 29 liegt, in der die Summe der statischen und dynamischen Kräfte über weite Frequenzbereiche zumindest annähernd Null ergibt.The valve housing 1 has a second shoulder 26 for attachment to an internal combustion engine, wherein the second shoulder 26 seen in the axial direction, for example, in the region of the axial plane 29, in which the sum of the static and dynamic forces over wide frequency ranges at least approximately zero.

Claims (9)

  1. Fuel injection valve having an actuator housing (22) which is mounted in a valve housing (1) and in which is provided an actuator (3), with the actuator housing (22) being provided without mountings at its ends and having a single mounting (24) for connecting to the valve housing (1), characterized in that the mounting (24) is embodied as a fixed mounting and runs from the periphery of the actuator housing (22) to a wall of the valve housing (1), and in that the actuator housing (22) is mounted by means of the mounting (24) in the region of a force-neutral, axial plane (29) in such a way that the axially movable masses arranged at both sides of the axial plane (29) in the valve housing (1) are, combined at each side, at least approximately equally large.
  2. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the single mounting (24) is provided at the periphery of the actuator housing (22) between the two ends of the actuator housing (22).
  3. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the single mounting (24) is provided in the region of the centre of the longitudinal extent of the actuator housing (22).
  4. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the single mounting (24) is embodied as a shoulder (25).
  5. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 4, characterized in that the valve housing (1) has a second shoulder (26) for fastening to an internal combustion engine, which second shoulder (26) is situated, as viewed in the axial direction, in the region of the force-neutral plane (29).
  6. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the actuator housing (22) is mounted in such a way that in each case one partial stroke can be carried out in the direction of the valve needle (4) and one partial stroke can be carried out in the direction away from the valve needle (4) .
  7. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the actuator housing (22) acts with its one end on a valve needle (4) and, at an end remote from the valve needle (4), has a compensating element (30) with a compensating mass.
  8. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that a restoring spring (18), which acts in a restoring fashion on the valve needle (4), and a pressure spring (31), which acts on the actuator housing (22) counter to the restoring spring (18), are provided.
  9. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (3) is a piezoelectric actuator, a shape-memory actuator or a magnetostrictive actuator.
EP20060117188 2005-08-08 2006-07-14 Fuel injector Expired - Fee Related EP1752654B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510037267 DE102005037267A1 (en) 2005-08-08 2005-08-08 Fuel injector

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EP1752654A1 EP1752654A1 (en) 2007-02-14
EP1752654B1 true EP1752654B1 (en) 2008-05-28

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2941746A1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-06 Renault Sas DEVICE FOR INJECTING LIQUID, IN PARTICULAR FUEL, WITH ELECTROACTIVE ACTUATOR.
FR2941745A3 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-06 Renault Sas Liquid i.e. fuel, injecting device, has electroactive material actuator triggering movement of head of needle, needle piston carried by end of needle, and hydraulic chamber connected to duct to maintain chamber supplied with liquid

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19918976A1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2000-11-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injector and method for actuating it
DE10158789A1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2003-07-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injector
DE10342771A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-04-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injector
DE102004050224A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh actuator module

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EP1752654A1 (en) 2007-02-14
DE502006000825D1 (en) 2008-07-10

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