EP1738069B1 - Fuel-injection device for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel-injection device for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1738069B1
EP1738069B1 EP05701530A EP05701530A EP1738069B1 EP 1738069 B1 EP1738069 B1 EP 1738069B1 EP 05701530 A EP05701530 A EP 05701530A EP 05701530 A EP05701530 A EP 05701530A EP 1738069 B1 EP1738069 B1 EP 1738069B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
pressure region
pressure
low
injection device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05701530A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1738069A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Becker
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP1738069A1 publication Critical patent/EP1738069A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/007—Venting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023—Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/0235—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure
    • F02M63/0245—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure between the high pressure pump and the common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023—Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/0235—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure
    • F02M63/025—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure from the common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/462—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/25—Fuel-injection apparatus with heat-expansible elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a fuel injection device is known from the literature, for example Diesel engine management, publishing house Vieweg, 2.Avemlage 1998, pages 280 to 284 , known.
  • This fuel injection device has a high-pressure region which comprises a high-pressure accumulator and fuel injectors connected to it on a cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • the high pressure area also includes a high pressure pump through which fuel is delivered to the high pressure accumulator.
  • the fuel injection device also has a low-pressure region which is connected at least indirectly to a fuel reservoir.
  • the low pressure region may be the fuel tank or a return to the fuel tank or a supply connection via which the suction side of the high-pressure pump fuel is supplied from the fuel tank.
  • a low pressure pump In the supply connection can be arranged a low pressure pump, is conveyed by the fuel from the fuel tank to the suction side of the high-pressure pump.
  • the high pressure area is separated from the low pressure area to prevent leakage of fuel.
  • the fuel is heated, in particular in the high-pressure region of the fuel injection device.
  • the fuel cools in the high pressure region, wherein the volume is reduced, which can lead to the formation of vapor bubbles in the high pressure region.
  • the subsequent restart of the internal combustion engine is made more difficult, since first the vapor bubbles must be displaced in the high pressure region before fuel injection and thus combustion in the internal combustion engine can begin.
  • the fuel injection device according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a vapor bubble formation is avoided when cooling the fuel in the high pressure region, since fuel can flow from the low pressure region in the high pressure region to compensate for the reduction in volume and thus safe starting of the engine is possible.
  • At high fuel temperature there is no or at least only a very small leakage, so that no significantly increased fuel delivery in the high pressure area is required.
  • the embodiment according to claim 2 enables a simple temperature-dependent control of the connection of the high-pressure region with the low-pressure region.
  • the embodiment according to claim 3 allows a simple design of the valve device. Due to the construction according to claim 6, a long sealing gap is present, so that at high fuel temperature, the connection to the low-pressure region is securely closed and no or only a slight leakage is present.
  • the training according to claim 7 or 8 allows a space-saving Arrangement of the valve device without much additional design effort.
  • FIG. 1 a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 2 a valve device of the fuel injection device according to FIG. 1 in an enlarged view in a section.
  • FIG. 1 a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle is shown.
  • the internal combustion engine is preferably a self-igniting internal combustion engine and has at least one or more cylinders 6, of which in FIG. 1 only one is shown.
  • the fuel injection device has a feed pump 10, is conveyed by the fuel from a reservoir 12 to a high-pressure pump 14.
  • fuel is conveyed via at least one hydraulic line 15 under high pressure in a high-pressure accumulator 16.
  • injectors 20 are connected via hydraulic lines 18 to the cylinders 6 of the internal combustion engine.
  • a control valve 22 is arranged, by means of which the injector 20 can be opened to a fuel injection or can be closed to complete a fuel injection.
  • the control valves 22 of the injectors 20 are connected to an electronic control device 24 and are driven by them depending on operating parameters of the internal combustion engine.
  • the control valves 22 can each having an electromagnetic or a piezoelectric actuator.
  • the fuel injection device has a high-pressure region which comprises the pressure side of the high-pressure pump 14, the line 15 between the high-pressure pump 14 and the high-pressure accumulator 16, the high-pressure accumulator 16, the lines 18 from the high-pressure accumulator 16 to the injectors 20 and the injectors 20.
  • the high pressure generated by the high-pressure pump 14 prevails, which may be, for example, between 1200 and 2000 bar. If necessary, the high pressure can be adjusted variably by a fuel metering device 26 arranged between the feed pump 10 and the suction side of the high-pressure pump 14 and / or by a pressure regulating valve 28 arranged in the high-pressure region.
  • the fuel metering device 26 is actuated by the control device 24 as a function of the pressure required in the high-pressure region.
  • the pressure control valve 28 can be controlled by the control device 24 and from this leads a return 30 into the reservoir 12, can be controlled by the fuel from the high pressure area.
  • the fuel injection device also has a low-pressure region which comprises the reservoir 12, the connection between the reservoir 12 and the suction side of the high-pressure pump 14 with the feed pump 10 arranged therein and the return 30 from the pressure regulating valve 28 to the reservoir 12. In the low-pressure region, there is at least approximately ambient pressure or the pressure generated by the feed pump 10, which may be, for example, about 2 to 10 bar.
  • the high-pressure region has a connection 40 which is controlled as a function of the fuel temperature in the high-pressure region Low-pressure region which is at least substantially closed at high fuel temperature, so that the high-pressure region is separated from the low pressure region, and which is open at low fuel temperature.
  • the connection 40 is controlled by a valve device 42, which is influenced by the fuel temperature in the high-pressure region.
  • the valve device 42 has a bimetallic switching device, which has two elements 44,46 of metals with different, preferably greatly different thermal expansion coefficients.
  • connection 40 With changing fuel temperature deforms while the element 44 with the larger coefficient of thermal expansion more than the element 46 with the lower coefficient of thermal expansion, whereby the connection 40 can be opened and closed.
  • the element 44 with the larger coefficient of thermal expansion may be made of aluminum, for example, and the element 46 with the lower coefficient of thermal expansion may be made of steel, for example.
  • the elements 44, 46 are each sleeve-shaped, with the element 44 having the larger coefficient of thermal expansion being arranged inside the other element 46 with the smaller coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • a flow cross-section in the form of an annular channel 48 is present between the two elements, which is at least substantially closed at high fuel temperature by the greater extent of the inner member 44 relative to the outer member 46.
  • the inner element 44 is filled with fuel from the high pressure area.
  • the annular channel 48 is via at least one opening 50, for example in the form of a Bore, connected in the inner member 44 to the high-pressure region.
  • connection between the annular channel 48 and the high-pressure region in the interior of the inner element 44 may also be formed by a groove or a gap between an end face of the element 44 and a boundary opposite thereto.
  • the annular channel 48 is also connected via at least one transition region 52 in the outer member 46 to the low pressure region.
  • an annular groove 54 may be introduced, which is in communication with the low-pressure region, for example via at least one bore 56 opening into the annular groove 54 in the outer element 46 or via a longitudinal groove leading away from the annular groove 54, to which a connection forming the connection 40 to the low-pressure region is connected.
  • the at least one opening 50 as connection of the annular channel 48 with the high-pressure region and the transition region 52 as connection of the annular channel 48 with the low-pressure region are preferably arranged away from one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis 45 of the elements 44, 46.
  • valve device 42 can be arranged at any point in the high-pressure region of the fuel injection device, for example at the high pressure accumulator 16, in the line 15 between the high pressure pump 14 and the high pressure accumulator 16, in one of the lines 18 between the high pressure accumulator 16 and an injector 20 at an injector 20 or to a connection element 60 of one of the lines 15,18 on one of the components.
  • the Valve device 42 in one of these components or, as in FIG. 1 illustrated, integrated into a connecting element 60, wherein the outer member 46 is formed by the component, a housing part 62 of the component or the connecting element 60.
  • the connection element 60 can be, for example, a connection piece or a union nut for connecting a line 15 or 18 to one of the components of the high-pressure region.
  • the inner element 44 At low fuel temperature, when the annular channel 48 is opened, the inner element 44 is acted upon on its inside and on its outside at least approximately by the same pressure, so that the pressure causes no significant deformation of the inner member 44. If, with increasing fuel temperature by the expansion of the inner member 44, the size of the annular channel 48 is reduced, it is additionally due to the then reduced in the annular channel 48 by the throttling occurring pressure acting on the outside of the inner member 44 by the on the High pressure acting on the inside of the element 44 an extension of the inner member 44 and thus a support when closing the annular channel 48th
  • the high-pressure region has a variable leakage, which, however, can be compensated by appropriate control of the fuel metering device 26 and / or the pressure control valve 28 by the control device 24.
  • further influences may have to be taken into account, for example heating of the valve device 42 caused by heat radiation or heat transfer from the internal combustion engine.

Abstract

A fuel injection system having a high-pressure side which includes at least one high-pressure reservoir, in which fuel is stored at injection pressure, and at least one injector communicating with the high-pressure reservoir for fuel injection at a cylinder of the engine. The fuel injection system moreover has a low-pressure side which communicates at least indirectly with a fuel tank. The high-pressure side has a communication with the low-pressure side, which communication is controlled as a function of the fuel temperature in the high-pressure side and at a high fuel temperature is at least substantially closed, so that the high-pressure side is disconnected from the low-pressure side, and that is open at a low fuel temperature.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine solche Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung ist aus der Literatur, beispielsweise Dieselmotor-Management, Verlag Vieweg, 2.Auflage 1998, Seiten 280 bis 284 , bekannt. Diese Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist einen Hochdruckbereich auf, der einen Hochdruckspeicher und mit diesem verbundene Injektoren zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung an einem Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine umfasst. Der Hochdruckbereich umfasst außerdem eine Hochdruckpumpe, durch die Kraftstoff in den Hochdruckspeicher gefördert wird. Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist außerdem einen Niederdruckbereich auf, der zumindest mittelbar mit einem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter verbunden ist. Der Niederdruckbereich kann dabei der Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter oder ein Rücklauf zum Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter oder eine Versorgungsverbindung sein, über die der Saugseite der Hochdruckpumpe Kraftstoff aus dem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter zugeführt wird. In der Versorgungsverbindung kann dabei eine Niederdruckpumpe angeordnet sein, durch die Kraftstoff aus dem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter zur Saugseite der Hochdruckpumpe gefördert wird. Der Hochdruckbereich ist vom Niederdruckbereich getrennt, um eine Leckage von Kraftstoff zu vermeiden. Während des Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine erwärmt sich der Kraftstoff insbesondere im Hochdruckbereich der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung. Wenn die Brennkraftmaschine nach längerem Betrieb abgestellt wird, so kühlt der Kraftstoff im Hochdruckbereich ab, wobei sich dessen Volumen verringert, was zur Bildung von Dampfblasen im Hochdruckbereich führen kann. Hierdurch wird das spätere erneute Starten der Brennkraftmaschine erschwert, da zunächst die Dampfblasen im Hochdruckbereich verdrängt werden müssen bevor eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung und damit eine Verbrennung in der Brennkraftmaschine beginnen kann.Such a fuel injection device is known from the literature, for example Diesel engine management, publishing house Vieweg, 2.Auflage 1998, pages 280 to 284 , known. This fuel injection device has a high-pressure region which comprises a high-pressure accumulator and fuel injectors connected to it on a cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The high pressure area also includes a high pressure pump through which fuel is delivered to the high pressure accumulator. The fuel injection device also has a low-pressure region which is connected at least indirectly to a fuel reservoir. The low pressure region may be the fuel tank or a return to the fuel tank or a supply connection via which the suction side of the high-pressure pump fuel is supplied from the fuel tank. In the supply connection can be arranged a low pressure pump, is conveyed by the fuel from the fuel tank to the suction side of the high-pressure pump. The high pressure area is separated from the low pressure area to prevent leakage of fuel. During operation of the internal combustion engine, the fuel is heated, in particular in the high-pressure region of the fuel injection device. When the engine is turned off after prolonged use is, so the fuel cools in the high pressure region, wherein the volume is reduced, which can lead to the formation of vapor bubbles in the high pressure region. As a result, the subsequent restart of the internal combustion engine is made more difficult, since first the vapor bubbles must be displaced in the high pressure region before fuel injection and thus combustion in the internal combustion engine can begin.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass eine Dampfblasenbildung bei Abkühlung des Kraftstoffs im Hochdruckbereich vermieden ist, da Kraftstoff aus dem Niederdruckbereich in den Hochdruckbereich zum Ausgleich der Volumenverringerung nachströmen kann und damit ein sicheres Starten der Brennkraftmaschine ermöglicht ist. Bei hoher Kraftstofftemperatur ist dabei keine oder zumindest nur eine sehr geringe Leckage vorhanden, so dass keine wesentlich erhöhte Kraftstofffördermenge in den Hochdruckbereich erforderlich ist.The fuel injection device according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a vapor bubble formation is avoided when cooling the fuel in the high pressure region, since fuel can flow from the low pressure region in the high pressure region to compensate for the reduction in volume and thus safe starting of the engine is possible. At high fuel temperature there is no or at least only a very small leakage, so that no significantly increased fuel delivery in the high pressure area is required.

In den abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung angegeben. Die Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 2 ermöglicht eine einfache temperaturabhängige Steuerung der Verbindung des Hochdruckbereichs mit dem Niederdruckbereich. Die Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 3 ermöglicht eine einfache Ausbildung der Ventileinrichtung. Durch die Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 6 ist ein langer Dichtspalt vorhanden, so dass bei hoher Kraftstofftemperatur die Verbindung zum Niederdruckbereich sicher verschlossen wird und keine oder nur eine geringe Leckage vorhanden ist. Die Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 7 oder 8 ermöglicht eine bauraumsparende Anordnung der Ventileinrichtung ohne großen zusätzlichen konstruktiven Aufwand.In the dependent claims advantageous refinements and developments of the fuel injection device according to the invention are given. The embodiment according to claim 2 enables a simple temperature-dependent control of the connection of the high-pressure region with the low-pressure region. The embodiment according to claim 3 allows a simple design of the valve device. Due to the construction according to claim 6, a long sealing gap is present, so that at high fuel temperature, the connection to the low-pressure region is securely closed and no or only a slight leakage is present. The training according to claim 7 or 8 allows a space-saving Arrangement of the valve device without much additional design effort.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine in schematischer Darstellung und Figur 2 eine Ventileinrichtung der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung gemäß Figur 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung in einem Schnitt.An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it FIG. 1 a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine in a schematic representation and FIG. 2 a valve device of the fuel injection device according to FIG. 1 in an enlarged view in a section.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In Figur 1 ist eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs dargestellt. Die Brennkraftmaschine ist vorzugsweise eine selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschine und weist wenigstens einen oder mehrere Zylinder 6 auf, von denen in Figur 1 nur einer dargestellt ist. Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist eine Förderpumpe 10 auf, durch die Kraftstoff aus einem Vorratsbehälter 12 zu einer Hochdruckpumpe 14 gefördert wird. Durch die Hochdruckpumpe 14 wird Kraftstoff über wenigstens eine hydraulische Leitung 15 unter Hochdruck in einen Hochdruckspeicher 16 gefördert. Mit dem Hochdruckspeicher 16 sind über hydraulische Leitungen 18 an den Zylindern 6 der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnete Injektoren 20 verbunden. An jedem Injektor 20 ist jeweils ein Steuerventil 22 angeordnet, mittels dem der Injektor 20 zu einer Kraftstoffeinspritzung geöffnet werden kann bzw. zur Beendigung einer Kraftstoffeinspritzung geschlossen werden kann. Die Steuerventile 22 der Injektoren 20 sind mit einer elektronischen Steuereinrichtung 24 verbunden und werden durch diese abhängig von Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine angesteuert. Die Steuerventile 22 können jeweils einen elektromagnetischen oder einen piezoelektrischen Aktor aufweisen.In FIG. 1 a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle is shown. The internal combustion engine is preferably a self-igniting internal combustion engine and has at least one or more cylinders 6, of which in FIG. 1 only one is shown. The fuel injection device has a feed pump 10, is conveyed by the fuel from a reservoir 12 to a high-pressure pump 14. By the high pressure pump 14 fuel is conveyed via at least one hydraulic line 15 under high pressure in a high-pressure accumulator 16. With the high-pressure accumulator 16 injectors 20 are connected via hydraulic lines 18 to the cylinders 6 of the internal combustion engine. At each injector 20, a control valve 22 is arranged, by means of which the injector 20 can be opened to a fuel injection or can be closed to complete a fuel injection. The control valves 22 of the injectors 20 are connected to an electronic control device 24 and are driven by them depending on operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. The control valves 22 can each having an electromagnetic or a piezoelectric actuator.

Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist einen Hochdruckbereich auf, der die Druckseite der Hochdruckpumpe 14, die Leitung 15 zwischen der Hochdruckpumpe 14 und dem Hochdruckspeicher 16, den Hochdruckspeicher 16, die Leitungen 18 vom Hochdruckspeicher 16 zu den Injektoren 20 und die Injektoren 20 umfasst. Im Hochdruckbereich herrscht dabei der durch die Hochdruckpumpe 14 erzeugte Hochdruck, der beispielsweise zwischen 1200 und 2000 bar betragen kann. Der Hochdruck kann gegebenenfalls durch eine zwischen der Förderpumpe 10 und der Saugseite der Hochdruckpumpe 14 angeordnete Kraftstoffzumesseinrichtung 26 und/oder durch ein im Hochdruckbereich angeordnetes Druckregelventil 28 abhängig von Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine variabel eingestellt werden. Die Kraftstoffzumesseinrichtung 26 wird durch die Steuereinrichtung 24 abhängig von dem im Hochdruckbereich erforderlichen Druck angesteuert. Das Druckregelventil 28 kann dabei von der Steuereinrichtung 24 angesteuert werden und von diesem führt ein Rücklauf 30 in den Vorratsbehälter 12 ab, über den Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckbereich abgesteuert werden kann. Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist außerdem einen Niederdruckbereich auf, der den Vorratsbehälter 12, die Verbindung zwischen dem Vorratsbehälter 12 und der Saugseite der Hochdruckpumpe 14 mit der darin angeordneten Förderpumpe 10 und den Rücklauf 30 vom Druckregelventil 28 zum Vorratsbehälter 12 umfasst. Im Niederdruckbereich herrscht dabei zumindest annähernd Umgebungsdruck oder der von der Förderpumpe 10 erzeugte Druck, der beispielsweise etwa 2 bis 10 bar betragen kann.The fuel injection device has a high-pressure region which comprises the pressure side of the high-pressure pump 14, the line 15 between the high-pressure pump 14 and the high-pressure accumulator 16, the high-pressure accumulator 16, the lines 18 from the high-pressure accumulator 16 to the injectors 20 and the injectors 20. In the high pressure area, the high pressure generated by the high-pressure pump 14 prevails, which may be, for example, between 1200 and 2000 bar. If necessary, the high pressure can be adjusted variably by a fuel metering device 26 arranged between the feed pump 10 and the suction side of the high-pressure pump 14 and / or by a pressure regulating valve 28 arranged in the high-pressure region. The fuel metering device 26 is actuated by the control device 24 as a function of the pressure required in the high-pressure region. The pressure control valve 28 can be controlled by the control device 24 and from this leads a return 30 into the reservoir 12, can be controlled by the fuel from the high pressure area. The fuel injection device also has a low-pressure region which comprises the reservoir 12, the connection between the reservoir 12 and the suction side of the high-pressure pump 14 with the feed pump 10 arranged therein and the return 30 from the pressure regulating valve 28 to the reservoir 12. In the low-pressure region, there is at least approximately ambient pressure or the pressure generated by the feed pump 10, which may be, for example, about 2 to 10 bar.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass der Hochdruckbereich eine abhängig von der Kraftstofftemperatur im Hochdruckbereich gesteuerte Verbindung 40 mit dem Niederdruckbereich aufweist, die bei hoher Kraftstofftemperatur zumindest im wesentlichen geschlossen ist, so dass der Hochdruckbereich vom Niederdruckbereich getrennt ist, und die bei niedriger Kraftstofftemperatur geöffnet ist. Die Verbindung 40 wird durch eine Ventileinrichtung 42 gesteuert, die von der Kraftstofftemperatur im Hochdruckbereich beeinflusst ist. Nachfolgend wird anhand Figur 2 die Ventileinrichtung 42 näher erläutert. Die Ventileinrichtung 42 weist eine Bimetallschalteinrichtung auf, die zwei Elemente 44,46 aus Metallen mit unterschiedlichen, vorzugsweise stark unterschiedlichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist. Bei sich ändernder Kraftstofftemperatur verformt sich dabei das Element 44 mit dem größeren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten stärker als das Element 46 mit dem geringeren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten, wodurch die Verbindung 40 geöffnet und geschlossen werden kann. Das Element 44 mit dem größeren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten kann beispielsweise aus Aluminium gefertigt sein und das Element 46 mit dem geringeren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten kann beispielsweise aus Stahl gefertigt sein.According to the invention, it is provided that the high-pressure region has a connection 40 which is controlled as a function of the fuel temperature in the high-pressure region Low-pressure region which is at least substantially closed at high fuel temperature, so that the high-pressure region is separated from the low pressure region, and which is open at low fuel temperature. The connection 40 is controlled by a valve device 42, which is influenced by the fuel temperature in the high-pressure region. The following is based on FIG. 2 the valve device 42 explained in more detail. The valve device 42 has a bimetallic switching device, which has two elements 44,46 of metals with different, preferably greatly different thermal expansion coefficients. With changing fuel temperature deforms while the element 44 with the larger coefficient of thermal expansion more than the element 46 with the lower coefficient of thermal expansion, whereby the connection 40 can be opened and closed. The element 44 with the larger coefficient of thermal expansion may be made of aluminum, for example, and the element 46 with the lower coefficient of thermal expansion may be made of steel, for example.

Die Elemente 44,46 sind beispielsweise jeweils hülsenförmig ausgebildet, wobei das Element 44 mit dem größeren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten innerhalb des anderen Elements 46 mit dem kleineren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten angeordnet ist. Bei niedriger Kraftstofftemperatur ist zwischen den beiden Elementen ein Durchflussquerschnitt in Form eines Ringkanals 48 vorhanden, der bei hoher Kraftstofftemperatur durch die stärkere Ausdehnung des inneren Elements 44 gegenüber dem äußeren Element 46 zumindest im wesentlichen verschlossen wird. Das innere Element 44 ist dabei mit Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckbereich befüllt. Der Ringkanal 48 ist über wenigstens eine Öffnung 50, beispielsweise in Form einer Bohrung, im inneren Element 44 mit dem Hochdruckbereich verbunden. Die Verbindung zwischen dem Ringkanal 48 und dem Hochdruckbereich im Inneren des inneren Elements 44 kann auch durch eine Nut oder einen Spalt zwischen einer Stirnseite des Elements 44 und einer diesem gegenüberliegenden Begrenzung gebildet sein. Der Ringkanal 48 ist außerdem über wenigstens einen Übertrittsbereich 52 im äußeren Element 46 mit dem Niederdruckbereich verbunden. Dabei kann im Übertrittsbereich 52 im Innenmantel des äußeren Elements 46 eine Ringnut 54 eingebracht sein, die mit dem Niederdruckbereich in Verbindung steht, beispielsweise über wenigstens eine in die Ringnut 54 mündende Bohrung 56 im äußeren Element 46 oder über eine von der Ringnut 54 abführende Längsnut, an die eine die Verbindung 40 zum Niederdruckbereich bildende Leitung angeschlossen ist. Die wenigstens eine Öffnung 50 als Verbindung des Ringkanals 48 mit dem Hochdruckbereich und der Übertrittsbereich 52 als Verbindung des Ringkanals 48 mit dem Niederdruckbereich sind vorzugsweise in Richtung der Längsachse 45 der Elemente 44,46 voneinander entfernt angeordnet. Durch diese Anordnung weist der Ringkanal 48 und damit der bei hoher Kraftstofftemperatur durch Verschließen des Ringkanals 48 gebildete Dichtspalt eine große Länge auf, wodurch eine gute Abdichtung und damit eine geringe Leckage bei hoher Kraftstofftemperatur erreicht wird.For example, the elements 44, 46 are each sleeve-shaped, with the element 44 having the larger coefficient of thermal expansion being arranged inside the other element 46 with the smaller coefficient of thermal expansion. At low fuel temperature, a flow cross-section in the form of an annular channel 48 is present between the two elements, which is at least substantially closed at high fuel temperature by the greater extent of the inner member 44 relative to the outer member 46. The inner element 44 is filled with fuel from the high pressure area. The annular channel 48 is via at least one opening 50, for example in the form of a Bore, connected in the inner member 44 to the high-pressure region. The connection between the annular channel 48 and the high-pressure region in the interior of the inner element 44 may also be formed by a groove or a gap between an end face of the element 44 and a boundary opposite thereto. The annular channel 48 is also connected via at least one transition region 52 in the outer member 46 to the low pressure region. In this case, in the transition region 52 in the inner casing of the outer element 46, an annular groove 54 may be introduced, which is in communication with the low-pressure region, for example via at least one bore 56 opening into the annular groove 54 in the outer element 46 or via a longitudinal groove leading away from the annular groove 54, to which a connection forming the connection 40 to the low-pressure region is connected. The at least one opening 50 as connection of the annular channel 48 with the high-pressure region and the transition region 52 as connection of the annular channel 48 with the low-pressure region are preferably arranged away from one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis 45 of the elements 44, 46. By this arrangement, the annular channel 48 and thus the sealing gap formed at high fuel temperature by closing the annular channel 48 has a great length, whereby a good seal and thus a low leakage at high fuel temperature is achieved.

Die vorstehend beschriebene Ventileinrichtung 42 kann an einer beliebigen Stelle im Hochdruckbereich der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung angeordnet sein, beispielsweise am Hochdruckspeicher 16, in der Leitung 15 zwischen der Hochdruckpumpe 14 und dem Hochdruckspeicher 16, in einer der Leitungen 18 zwischen dem Hochdruckspeicher 16 und einem Injektor 20, an einem Injektor 20 oder an einem Anschlusselement 60 einer der Leitungen 15,18 an einem der Bauteile. Vorzugsweise ist die Ventileinrichtung 42 in eines dieser Bauteile oder, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, in ein Anschlusselement 60 integriert, wobei das äußere Element 46 durch das Bauteil, ein Gehäuseteil 62 des Bauteils oder das Anschlusselement 60 gebildet ist. Somit sind als zusätzliche Bauteile für die Ventileinrichtung 42 nur das innere Element 44 und die Leitung 40 erforderlich. Das Anschlusselement 60 kann beispielsweise ein Stutzen oder eine Überwurfmutter zur Verbindung einer Leitung 15 oder 18 mit einem der Bauteile des Hochdruckbereichs sein.The above-described valve device 42 can be arranged at any point in the high-pressure region of the fuel injection device, for example at the high pressure accumulator 16, in the line 15 between the high pressure pump 14 and the high pressure accumulator 16, in one of the lines 18 between the high pressure accumulator 16 and an injector 20 at an injector 20 or to a connection element 60 of one of the lines 15,18 on one of the components. Preferably, the Valve device 42 in one of these components or, as in FIG. 1 illustrated, integrated into a connecting element 60, wherein the outer member 46 is formed by the component, a housing part 62 of the component or the connecting element 60. Thus, only the inner member 44 and the conduit 40 are required as additional components for the valve means 42. The connection element 60 can be, for example, a connection piece or a union nut for connecting a line 15 or 18 to one of the components of the high-pressure region.

Bei niedriger Kraftstofftemperatur, wenn der Ringkanal 48 geöffnet ist, ist das innere Element 44 auf seiner Innenseite und auf seiner Außenseite zumindest annähernd vom selben Druck beaufschlagt, so dass durch den Druck keine wesentliche Verformung des inneren Elements 44 verursacht wird. Wenn bei steigender Kraftstofftemperatur durch die Ausdehnung des inneren Elements 44 die Größe des Ringkanals 48 verringert wird, so ergibt sich zusätzlich infolge des dann im Ringkanal 48 durch die auftretende Drosselung reduzierten Drucks, der auf die Außenseite des inneren Elements 44 wirkt, durch den auf die Innenseite des Elements 44 wirkenden Hochdruck eine Ausdehnung des inneren Elements 44 und damit eine Unterstützung beim Verschließen des Ringkanals 48.At low fuel temperature, when the annular channel 48 is opened, the inner element 44 is acted upon on its inside and on its outside at least approximately by the same pressure, so that the pressure causes no significant deformation of the inner member 44. If, with increasing fuel temperature by the expansion of the inner member 44, the size of the annular channel 48 is reduced, it is additionally due to the then reduced in the annular channel 48 by the throttling occurring pressure acting on the outside of the inner member 44 by the on the High pressure acting on the inside of the element 44 an extension of the inner member 44 and thus a support when closing the annular channel 48th

Infolge der Ventileinrichtung 42 weist der Hochdruckbereich eine variable Leckage auf, die jedoch durch entsprechende Ansteuerung der Kraftstoffzumesseinrichtung 26 und/oder des Druckregelventils 28 durch die Steuereinrichtung 24 ausgeglichen werden kann. Bei der Auslegung der Ventileinrichtung 42 müssen auch abhängig vom Einbauort gegebenenfalls weitere Einflüsse berücksichtigt werden, beispielsweise eine durch Wärmeabstrahlung oder Wärmeübertragung von der Brennkraftmaschine verursachte Erwärmung der Ventileinrichtung 42.As a result of the valve device 42, the high-pressure region has a variable leakage, which, however, can be compensated by appropriate control of the fuel metering device 26 and / or the pressure control valve 28 by the control device 24. When designing the valve device 42, depending on the installation location, further influences may have to be taken into account, for example heating of the valve device 42 caused by heat radiation or heat transfer from the internal combustion engine.

Claims (8)

  1. Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine with a high-pressure region, which comprises at least one high-pressure accumulator (16), in which fuel is stored under injection pressure, and at least one injector (20), connected to the high-pressure accumulator (16), for the injection of fuel to a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and with a low-pressure region, which is connected at least indirectly to a fuel storage tank (12), characterized in that the high-pressure region has a connection (40) to the low-pressure region, which connection is controlled as a function of the fuel temperature in the high-pressure region and is at least essentially closed in the case of a high fuel temperature, so that the high-pressure region is separated from the low-pressure region, and is opened in the case of a low fuel temperature.
  2. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connection (40) of the high-pressure region to the low-pressure region is controlled by a valve device (42) which is influenced by the fuel temperature in the high-pressure region.
  3. Fuel injection device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the valve device (42) has a bimetal switching device, with at least two elements (44, 46) which consist of metals having different coefficients of thermal expansion.
  4. Fuel injection device according to Claim 3, characterized in that a throughflow cross section (48) is released between the two elements (44, 46) in the case of a low fuel temperature, and in that, in the case of a high fuel temperature, the throughflow cross section (48) is at least essentially closed by means of the element (44) having the higher coefficient of thermal expansion.
  5. Fuel injection device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the elements (44, 46) are of the sleeve-shaped design, in that the element (44) having the higher coefficient of thermal expansion is arranged inside the other element (46), in that the inner element (44) is filled inside it with fuel from the high-pressure region, and in that the releasable throughflow cross section is designed as an annular duct (48) between the elements (44, 46).
  6. Fuel injection device according to Claim 5, characterized in that a connection (50) to the high-pressure region and a connection (52) to the low-pressure region issue into the annular duct (48), and in that the issues of these connections (50; 52) are arranged so as to be offset with respect to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis (45) of the elements (44, 46).
  7. Fuel injection device according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the valve device (42) is arranged in a component of the high-pressure region, preferably in a housing part, in a line (15; 18) or in a connection element (60) of a line (15; 18).
  8. Fuel injection device according to Claim 5 or 6 and Claim 7, characterized in that the outer element (46) is formed by the housing part, the line (15; 18) or the connection element (60).
EP05701530A 2004-03-18 2005-01-17 Fuel-injection device for an internal combustion engine Not-in-force EP1738069B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102004013248A DE102004013248A1 (en) 2004-03-18 2004-03-18 Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2005/050175 WO2005090774A1 (en) 2004-03-18 2005-01-17 Fuel-injection device for an internal combustion engine

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EP1738069A1 EP1738069A1 (en) 2007-01-03
EP1738069B1 true EP1738069B1 (en) 2009-06-17

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US (1) US7383823B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1738069B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20070001188A (en)
CN (1) CN100578008C (en)
AT (1) ATE434126T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102004013248A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005090774A1 (en)

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JP2007285235A (en) * 2006-04-18 2007-11-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fuel supply device for diesel engine
FI123386B (en) * 2010-12-10 2013-03-28 Waertsilae Finland Oy Fuel injection device, piston engine and method of operating a piston engine
DE102018216176A1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel delivery device for an internal combustion engine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5862353A (en) * 1981-10-12 1983-04-13 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel feeder for diesel engine
JP3939779B2 (en) * 1995-05-26 2007-07-04 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング Fuel supply device for fuel supply of an internal combustion engine
JPH09310661A (en) * 1996-05-20 1997-12-02 Denso Corp Fuel supply device for direct injection type gasoline engine
JP3237549B2 (en) * 1996-11-25 2001-12-10 トヨタ自動車株式会社 High pressure fuel supply system for internal combustion engine
JP3508545B2 (en) * 1998-05-22 2004-03-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel supply device
US6446612B1 (en) * 2000-10-25 2002-09-10 James Dwayne Hankins Fuel injection system, components therefor and methods of making the same
JP3908480B2 (en) * 2001-05-16 2007-04-25 ボッシュ株式会社 Operation control method in fuel injection device and fuel injection device
DE10156408B4 (en) * 2001-11-16 2014-01-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine
DE10218024A1 (en) * 2002-04-23 2003-11-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine
JP4127188B2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2008-07-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel supply device for internal combustion engine

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US20070209638A1 (en) 2007-09-13
KR20070001188A (en) 2007-01-03
DE102004013248A1 (en) 2005-10-06
DE502005007511D1 (en) 2009-07-30
EP1738069A1 (en) 2007-01-03
ATE434126T1 (en) 2009-07-15
CN100578008C (en) 2010-01-06
US7383823B2 (en) 2008-06-10
CN1934350A (en) 2007-03-21
WO2005090774A1 (en) 2005-09-29

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