EP1737989A1 - Gas quenching method - Google Patents
Gas quenching methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP1737989A1 EP1737989A1 EP05757129A EP05757129A EP1737989A1 EP 1737989 A1 EP1737989 A1 EP 1737989A1 EP 05757129 A EP05757129 A EP 05757129A EP 05757129 A EP05757129 A EP 05757129A EP 1737989 A1 EP1737989 A1 EP 1737989A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- quenching
- enclosure
- water
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of quenching under gas of steel parts, having undergone a thermochemical treatment, by means of a flow of cooling gas obtained by introduction of its liquid phase in a gas quenching enclosure.
- Quenching treatment has been used for many years to treat alloyed or high carbon steel parts. Such a treatment generally follows a thermochemical treatment consisting in enriching the surface of the pieces of low alloy steel.
- the thermochemical treatment for example a carburizing or carbonitration treatment, can be done at low pressure, of the order of a few millibars, or at atmospheric pressure.
- the quenching operation is generally carried out directly after the thermochemical treatment in an appropriate quenching cell. There are different types of quenching, the best known being gas quenching, oil quenching or salt bath quenching.
- a main purpose of quenching is to obtain rapid cooling of the previously heated and treated parts, without altering their surface.
- Gas quenching, particularly under neutral gas, is often preferred over other types of quenching, because it allows to obtain an excellent surface quality of the parts.
- a low pressure carburizing treatment preceding the quenching treatment an absence of oxidation and intercrystalline corrosion is observed.
- the quenching treatment under gas is carried out in a quenching cell 1 conventionally comprising an enclosure 2, capable of withstanding a vacuum and a pressurization of up to 50 bars, supported by a frame 3, a treatment chamber 4, into which the load to be treated 5 is introduced (at a temperature of the order of
- the charge 5 may consist of a tool comprising one or more cemented parts.
- the stirring element 6 may consist, for example, of a propeller or a centrifugal turbine driven in rotation by an electric motor.
- the gas circulates in a closed loop 8, that is to say that it starts its course in the upper part of the enclosure 2, passes over the load 5 to be treated, heats up at contact of the load 5, then loses its calories through the heat exchanger 7, when it rises in the upper part of the enclosure 2.
- the gas circulates in this loop 8 throughout the duration of the quenching treatment.
- Such cells 1 are generally used when the quenching gas is not air but nitrogen, or a neutral gas, the quantities of which it is desirable to save. Some cells may also include an additional exchanger located outside the enclosure 2, which operates on the same principle as above.
- a first solution consists in increasing the mass flow rate of the tempering.
- two solutions are used, namely increasing the speed of circulation of the quenching gas and increasing the pressure of quenching gas.
- quenching methods with a nitrogen pressure of the order of 20 bars and quenching methods with a helium or hydrogen pressure of the order of 50 to 60 bars have been proposed.
- the quenching at the heart of the case-hardened parts turns out to be insufficient with conventional case-hardening steels.
- document EP-A-1101826 describes a gas quenching process, after carburizing at low pressure, using air injected at high pressure.
- An advantage of using air is that it is a free source of gas, available everywhere without special and inexhaustible conditioning.
- the air used is generally depleted of oxygen to reduce the oxidation of the parts and the pressures used are of the same order as for pure nitrogen.
- nitrogen constitutes an acceptable compromise in terms of cost and yield.
- Nitrogen is indeed often preferred to hydrogen or neutral gases such as helium which, although lighter, therefore easier to transport under relatively high pressure, are very expensive (helium), or too dangerous (hydrogen).
- hydrogen is considered to be the best cooling gas known to date, but it remains difficult to implement industrially (cost, storage, dangerousness).
- Document EP-A-1367139 proposes the use of nitrogen or neutral gas in liquid form to improve the efficiency of the quenching process.
- This document describes a heat treatment device comprising a useful chamber inside which is introduced a liquefied gas. The liquefied gas arrives in liquid form and is transformed into vapors inside the useful chamber.
- the object of the invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and its object is to produce an effective gas quenching at low cost, with simple, light and risk-free equipment. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the appended claims and, more particularly, by the fact that the cooling gas is water vapor, obtained by evaporation of water introduced into the enclosure in liquid form.
- the single FIGURE schematically represents a gas quenching cell allowing the implementation of a gas quenching process according to the invention.
- the gas quenching cell 1 used for the quenching treatment according to the invention differs from the cells of the prior art by additional means associated with the implementation of the quenching treatment.
- a reservoir 9 of a first gas for example nitrogen
- a conduit 10 which introduces and projects the nitrogen inside the enclosure 2 at a predetermined pressure, of the order of 2 bars.
- a water tank 11 is also connected to the enclosure 2 by means of at least one conduit 12, which introduces and projects the water in liquid form inside the enclosure 2 at a predetermined pressure. Water vaporizes in the enclosure 2 and the water vapor then constitutes the cooling gas.
- Cell 1 also includes a discharge pipe 13, located in the lower part of enclosure 2 and intended, for example by means of a valve (not shown), to remove the condensates remaining at the bottom of the enclosure 2, after the end of the quenching treatment and the cooling of the cell 1.
- the main advantage of such a quenching cell 1 lies in its ability to adapt to all existing installations, since the means necessary for the implementation of the quenching treatment, namely the reservoir 9 of the first gas, the water tank 11 and the inlet pipes 10, 12 and outlet 13, are simple, inexpensive and easy to install.
- the gas quenching treatment according to the invention consists in introducing, through the conduit 12, the water in liquid phase, after having installed the charge 5 in the treatment chamber 4 of the cell 1.
- the water is introduced in liquid phase until reaching the required quenching pressure, of the order of 20 to 30 bars.
- Water is introduced in the liquid phase, to take advantage of both its cooling capacity once evaporated and the specific heat of evaporation of the liquid at the time of contact with hot parts.
- a first gas inside the enclosure 2 preferably nitrogen.
- the nitrogen gas is then introduced, simultaneously with the switching on of the stirring element 6, at a pressure of the order of 2 bars for a duration of the order of a few seconds.
- the quenching treatment involves the introduction of nitrogen gas for a few seconds into the enclosure 2, followed by the introduction of water in the liquid phase.
- the gases thus circulate in the enclosure 2 along the loop 8, which makes it possible to use only the quantity of nitrogen and water previously introduced during a quenching cycle and to avoid excessive and costly consumption.
- the water therefore transforms into water vapor when it is introduced into the enclosure 2 and the pressure increases as more water is introduced.
- the pressure drops until the water vapor has completely condensed. Below 100 ° C, the enclosure 2 then regains its initial pressure, namely that of the nitrogen gas introduced beforehand.
- the condensates are evacuated through the conduit 13 located in the lower part of the cell 1, pushed by the residual pressure of the nitrogen introduced beforehand.
- the quenching cycle described above thus preferably has a duration of the order of 15 to 20 minutes.
- the quenching method according to the invention provides in particular the following advantages.
- the parts are subjected to efficient cooling due to the specific heat of evaporation of water.
- the efficiency of the quenching is optimal since it makes it possible to treat the core of the parts. Quenching does not create corrosion and does not cause cracks in the grain boundaries. No correction of the surface condition of the parts is necessary. Significant gains in terms of cost and simplicity are therefore observed.
- the first gas in the tank 9 can be nitrogen or a neutral gas.
- thermochemical treatment preceding the gas quenching treatment can be a low pressure carburizing treatment or a carburizing or carbonitriding treatment at atmospheric pressure.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0404113A FR2869046B1 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2004-04-19 | PROCESS FOR TEMPERING GAS |
PCT/FR2005/000914 WO2005108629A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-04-15 | Gas quenching method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1737989A1 true EP1737989A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
EP1737989B1 EP1737989B1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
Family
ID=34944810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05757129.1A Active EP1737989B1 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-04-15 | Gas quenching method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1737989B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2869046B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005108629A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005015450B3 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-08-17 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Process to quench heat-treated metal components in an evacuated chamber by cold liquid followed by cold gas |
DE102007029038A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2009-01-02 | Eliog-Kelvitherm Industrieofenbau Gmbh | Vacuum furnace for heat treatment of metallic workpieces and method for its operation |
US9617611B2 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2017-04-11 | Ipsen, Inc. | Quenching process and apparatus for practicing said process |
US8820098B2 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2014-09-02 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method and apparatus for quenching of materials in vacuum furnace |
CN103627854B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-10-14 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | For the heat treated air cooling system of turbine blade |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7514387A (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1976-07-02 | Krupp Ag Huettenwerke | METHOD FOR THE ACCELERATED COOLING OF GLOWS AFTER GLOWING IN A GLOW OVEN. |
DE19500019A1 (en) * | 1995-01-03 | 1996-07-04 | Hans Ruediger Dr Ing Hoffmann | Evacuable chamber for cooling metallic materials after heat treatment |
DE19743575A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-08 | Ingbuero Dr Ing R Hoffmann | Apparatus for cooling in a two-phase mixture |
DE19920297A1 (en) * | 1999-05-03 | 2000-11-09 | Linde Tech Gase Gmbh | Process for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces |
FR2810340B1 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2003-03-14 | Etudes Const Mecaniques | GAS QUENCHING CELL |
DE10224129B8 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2007-02-15 | Schmetz Gmbh | Heat treatment plant |
-
2004
- 2004-04-19 FR FR0404113A patent/FR2869046B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-04-15 EP EP05757129.1A patent/EP1737989B1/en active Active
- 2005-04-15 WO PCT/FR2005/000914 patent/WO2005108629A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005108629A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2869046A1 (en) | 2005-10-21 |
WO2005108629A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
FR2869046B1 (en) | 2007-08-31 |
EP1737989B1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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