EP1735419A1 - Maschinelles geschirrspülmittel - Google Patents
Maschinelles geschirrspülmittelInfo
- Publication number
- EP1735419A1 EP1735419A1 EP05700895A EP05700895A EP1735419A1 EP 1735419 A1 EP1735419 A1 EP 1735419A1 EP 05700895 A EP05700895 A EP 05700895A EP 05700895 A EP05700895 A EP 05700895A EP 1735419 A1 EP1735419 A1 EP 1735419A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- acid
- automatic dishwashing
- salts
- dishwashing detergent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 145
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 113
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dtpmp Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(=O)O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004398 2-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CC)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Nitrilotris(methylene)]trisphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium Chemical class C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N edtmp Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- RUACIFFMSHZUKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-Acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium Chemical class C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C RUACIFFMSHZUKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 48
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 35
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 35
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 27
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 16
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 13
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 13
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 11
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 10
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical group C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZGZHWIAQICBGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonanoylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)N1C(=O)CCC1=O ZGZHWIAQICBGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(C)=O FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYSDHEOQHCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)CS(O)(=O)=O XEEYSDHEOQHCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyphenyl Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010087558 pectate lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108020004410 pectinesterase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentazinc;dicarbonate;hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical class OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067107 phenylethyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)chromen-4-olate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019833 protease Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006337 proteolytic cleavage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010670 sage oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010671 sandalwood oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UGTZMIPZNRIWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium trimetaphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P1(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)O1 UGTZMIPZNRIWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003470 sulfuric acid monoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010031354 thermitase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012250 transgenic expression Methods 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical group OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010679 vetiver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010068608 xanthan lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010083879 xyloglucan endo(1-4)-beta-D-glucanase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc formate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C=O SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GAWWVVGZMLGEIW-GNNYBVKZSA-L zinc ricinoleate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O GAWWVVGZMLGEIW-GNNYBVKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940100530 zinc ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019352 zinc silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MXODCLTZTIFYDV-JHZYRPMRSA-L zinc;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O.C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O MXODCLTZTIFYDV-JHZYRPMRSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LKCUKVWRIAZXDU-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hydron;phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O LKCUKVWRIAZXDU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C11D3/361—Phosphonates, phosphinates or phosphonites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3723—Polyamines or polyalkyleneimines
Definitions
- This application concerns detergents or cleaning agents.
- this application relates to polymer-containing detergents or cleaning agents.
- rinse aid is used successfully today.
- the addition of rinse aid at the end of the wash program ensures that the water runs off the items to be washed as completely as possible, so that the different surfaces are residue-free and flawlessly shiny at the end of the wash program.
- the automatic cleaning of dishes in household dishwashers usually comprises a pre-wash, a main wash and a rinse cycle, which are interrupted by intermediate wash cycles.
- the pre-wash cycle for heavily soiled dishes can be activated, but is only selected by the consumer in exceptional cases, so that in most machines a main wash cycle, an intermediate rinse cycle with pure water and a rinse cycle are carried out.
- the temperature of the main wash cycle varies between 40 and 65 ° C depending on the machine type and program level selection.
- rinse aids are added from a dosing tank in the machine, which usually contain non-ionic surfactants as the main component. Such rinse aids are in liquid form and are widely described in the prior art. Your main task is to prevent limescale and deposits on the cleaned dishes. In addition to water and low-foaming non-surfactants, these rinse aids often also contain hydrotopes, pH adjusting agents such as citric acid or scale-inhibiting polymers.
- Liquid rinse aids are known from EP-B1 0 197 434 (Henkel), which contain mixed ethers as nonionic surfactants.
- a variety of different materials glass, metal, silver, plastic, porcelain) are cleaned in the dishwasher. This variety of materials must be wetted as well as possible in the rinse cycle.
- Rinse aid formulations which contain only mixed ethers as the surfactant component do not meet these requirements, or do so only to a limited extent. catch, so that the rinse aid or drying effect is unsatisfactory, especially with plastic surfaces.
- the storage tank in the dishwasher must be filled with rinse aid at regular intervals, with one filling sufficient for 10 to 50 wash cycles, depending on the type of machine. If you forget to fill up the tank, glasses in particular become unsightly due to limescale and deposits. In the prior art there are therefore some proposed solutions for integrating a rinse aid into the detergent for machine dishwashing. These proposed solutions are tied to the offer form of the compact molded body.
- European patent application EP-A-0 851 024 (Unilever) describes two-layer detergent tablets, the first layer of which contains peroxy bleach, builder and enzyme, while the second layer contains acidifying agents and a continuous medium with a melting point between 55 and 70 ° C. and scale inhibitors contains.
- the high-melting continuous medium should delay the release of the acid (s) and deposit inhibitor (s) and produce a rinse aid effect. Powdered machine dishwashing detergents or surfactant-containing rinse aid systems are not mentioned in this document.
- the object of the present invention was to provide machine dishwashing detergents with rinse aid function, which bring performance advantages over commercial rinse aid in terms of technical properties.
- the new dishwashing detergents should develop their cleaning and rinsing performance regardless of the form of preparation, especially without the addition of high-melting additives.
- the new automatic dishwashing detergents should be distinguished from conventional detergents by improved storage stability and processability.
- the subject of the present application is therefore a machine dishwashing detergent comprising a) 0.01 to 10 wt .-% .-% of at least one polymer with a molecular weight of 2000 gmol "1 or above, which has at least one positive charge; b) 1, 2 to 10 wt .-% of one or more phosphorus -containing complexing agent from group i) the phosphonates and / or ii) the condensed phosphates of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M x H 2 P x 0 3x + 1 , in which M stands for a cation, preferably for an alkali metal, and x stands for a number greater than or equal to 5.
- machine dishwashing detergent refers to solid or liquid additives for machine dishwashing.
- the group of machine dishwashing detergents thus includes, for example, compact machine dishwashing detergents with a combined cleaning and rinsing function ("2 in 1" products) as well as compact machine dishwashing detergent with combined cleaning, rinse aid and desalination function ("3 in 1" products) or the simple, separately dosed rinse aid.
- the agents according to the invention contain 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one polymer with a molecular weight of 2000 gmol "1 or above, which has at least one positive charge.
- the aforementioned polymers with a positive charge can in principle be cationic or amphoteric polymers.
- Preferred automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention are characterized in that the polymer which has cationic monomer units is a cationic polymer and / or an amphoteric polymer.
- “Cationic polymers” in the sense of the present invention are polymers which carry a positive charge in the polymer molecule. This can be achieved, for example, by (alkyl) ammonium groups or other positively charged groups present in the polymer chain.
- Particularly preferred cationic polymers come from the groups of quaternized cellulose derivatives, the polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, the cationic guar derivatives, the polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives of dialkylaminoacrylate and methacrylate Methoimidazolinium chloride copolymers, the quaternized polyvinyl alcohols or the polymers specified under the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium 27.
- Amphorere polymers in the sense of the present invention also have, in addition to a positively charged group in the polymer chain, also negatively charged groups or monomer units. These groups can be, for example, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
- Cationic or amphoteric polymers which are particularly preferred in the context of the present application contain a compound of the general formula (I) as monomer unit
- R 1 and R 4 independently of one another represent H or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 2 and R 3 independently of one another represent an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl group in which the alkyl radical is linear or branched and has between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, it preferably being a methyl group
- x and y independently represent integers between 1 and 3.
- X ⁇ represents a counter ion, preferably a counter ion from the group chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, methosulfate, lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), cumene sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, phosphate, citrate, formate, acetate or the like mixtures.
- Preferred radicals R 1 and R 4 in the above formula (VII) are selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 - CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, - CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH ) -CH 2 -CH 3 , and - (CH 2 CH 2 -0) n H.
- DADMAC diallyldimethylammonium chloride
- cationic or amphoteric polymers which are particularly preferred in the context of the present application contain a monomer unit of the general formula (II)
- R HC CR 2 -C (0) -NH- (CH 2 ) X -N + R 3 R 4 R 5 X " (II),
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently of one another for a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably for a linear or branched alkyl radical selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , - CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -0H, -CH (OH) -CH 3 ) -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , - CH (OH) -CH 2 -CH 3 , and - (CH 2 CH 2 -0) n H and x represents an integer between 1 and 6.
- H 2 C C (CH 3 ) -C (0) -NH- (CH 2 ) x -N + (CH 3 ) 3 X ""
- X " chloride are also referred to as MAPTAC (methyacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride).
- Machine dishwashing detergents preferred according to the invention are characterized in that the polymer a) contains diallyldimethylammonium salts and / or acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium salts as monomer units.
- amphoteric polymers have not only cationic groups, but also anionic groups or monomer units.
- anionic monomer units originate, for example, from the group of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated carboxylates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated saturated carboxylates, the linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated phosphonates, the linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfates or the linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfonates.
- Preferred monomer units are acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acids, (dimethyl) acrylic acid, (ethyl) acrylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, vinyl essingic acid, allyl acetic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid and their Derivatives, the allylsulfonic acids, such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, or the allylphosphonic acids.
- Preferred usable amphoteric polymers come from the group of alkyl acrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers, alkyl acrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers, alkyl acrylamide / methyl methacrylic acid copolymers, alkyl acrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkyl - Acrylamide / methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) -acrylic acid copolymers, the alkyl acrylate / methyl-methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkyl acrylamide / alkymethacrylate / alkylaminoethyl methacrylate / alkyl methacrylate copolymers and the copolymers of unsaturated Carboxylic acids, cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally
- Zwitterionic polymers which can be used with preference come from the group of acrylamidoalkyl trialkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali and ammonium salts, acrylamidoalkyl trialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali and ammonium salts and methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers.
- amphoteric polymers which, in addition to one or more anionic monomers, comprise methacrylamidoalkyl trialkylammonium chloride and dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride as cationic monomers.
- amphoteric polymers come from the group of methacrylamidoalkyl trialkyl ammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, methacrylic amidoalkyl trialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and methacrylamidoalkyl trialkyl / ammonium chloride (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali and ammonium salts.
- amphoteric polymers from the group of methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium Chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali and ammonium salts.
- the polymers contained in the agents according to the invention are in a pre-assembled form with a molecular weight of 2000 gmol "1 or above.
- encapsulation of the polymers by means of water-soluble or water-dispersible coating agents is suitable , preferably by means of water-soluble or water-dispersible natural or synthetic polymers; -encapsulation of the polymers by means of water-insoluble, meltable coating agents, preferably by means of water-insoluble coating agents from the group of waxes or paraffins with a melting point above 30 ° C .; the cogranulation of the polymers with inert carrier materials , preferably with carrier materials from the group of active washing or cleaning substances, particularly preferably from the group of builders (builders) or cobuilders.
- All of these products contain, as a first essential constituent, one or more polymers) with a molecular weight of 2000 gmol "1 or above, which has (have) at least one positive charge.
- the agents according to the invention have a weight fraction of these polymers between 0 , 01 and 10% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing agent.
- preferred automatic dishwashing agents in the context of the present application are those in which the weight fraction of the polymer a) is between 0.01 and 8% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 6% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 4% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.01 and 2% by weight and in particular between 0.01 and 1% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the dishwasher detergent.
- the agents according to the invention contain 1, 2 to 10% by weight of one or more phosphorus-containing complexing agents from the group of the phosphonates and / or the condensed phosphates of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M ⁇ H 2 P x 0 3x + ⁇ , in which M represents a cation, preferably an alkali metal, and x represents a number greater than or equal to 5.
- the group of phosphonates is a complexing agent and comprises a number of different compounds such as 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP).
- HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid
- DTPMP diethylenetriaminepenta
- HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
- HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
- It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt reacting neutrally and the tetrasodium salt in an alkaline manner (pH 9).
- Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologues. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts, e.g. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta and octa sodium salt of DTPMP. HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates.
- the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced ability to bind heavy metals. Accordingly, it may be preferred, particularly if the agents also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
- a dishwasher detergent preferred in the context of the present application contains one or more phosphonate (s) from group a) aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP) and / or salts thereof; b) ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) and / or their salts; c) Diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) and / or their salts; d) 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and / or salts thereof; e) 2-phosphonobutane-1, 2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) and / or their salts; f) hexamethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (HDTMP) and / or their salts; g) Nitrilotri (methylenephosphonic acid) (NTMP) and / or their salts.
- ATMP aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid
- ETMP ethylenediaminetetra
- Machine dishwashing detergents which contain 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) as phosphonates are particularly preferred.
- HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid
- DTPMP diethylenetriaminepenta
- phosphonates are particularly preferred.
- the automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention can of course contain two or more different phosphonates.
- Machine dishwashing detergents which contain both 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) as phosphonates are particularly preferred, the weight ratio of HEDP to DTPMP being between 20: 1 and 1:20, is preferably between 15: 1 and 1:15 and in particular between 10: 1 and 1:10.
- the proportion by weight of the phosphonate (s) b) in the total weight of the dishwasher detergent is at least as large as the proportion by weight of the polymer (s) a).
- agents are particularly preferred in which the ratio of the weight fraction of polymer a) to the weight fraction of phosphonate b) is at least 1: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 200: 1, preferably 2: 1 to 150: 1, particularly preferably 3: 1 to 120: 1, very particularly preferably 4: 1 to 100: 1 and in particular 10: 1 to 100: 1
- the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention can furthermore contain condensed phosphates.
- the group of condensed phosphates can be divided into the metaphosphates and the polyphosphates.
- the metaphosphates correspond to compounds of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x .
- M stands for a cation, preferably for an alkali metal
- x stands for a number greater than or equal to 5.
- the polyphosphates are complexing agents.
- the specified degree of condensation x of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x represents a statistical mean, which can be an integer or a fraction for a special product. Preferred degrees of condensation have a narrow homolog distribution.
- the group of polyphosphates includes compounds of the general formula M x + 2 P x 0 3x + ⁇ or
- condensed phosphates are produced, for example, by condensing the NaH 2 P0 4 or the KH 2 P0.
- cyclic representatives, the sodium or potassium metaphosphates, and chain-like types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates can be distinguished.
- a large number of terms are used in particular for the latter: melt or glow phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrol's and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.
- Condensed phosphates which are particularly preferred in the context of the present application are the condensed phosphates of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M x H 2 P x 0 3x + 1 , in which M is a cation, preferably for an alkali metal, particularly preferably sodium or potassium, and x stands for a number greater than or equal to 5, preferably greater than 5, preferably greater than 6, particularly preferably greater than 8, very particularly preferably greater than 10 and in particular greater than 12.
- the particularly preferred condensed phosphates include, for example, the glassy condensed polyphosphate of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M ⁇ H 2 P ⁇ 0 3x + ⁇ , in which x is a number between 15 and 20 stands, the condensed polyphosphate of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M x H 2 P x 0 3x + 1 , in which x is a number between 40 and 50.
- the water-insoluble Madrell salt (NaP0 3 ) x with x> 1000
- the water-soluble Graham salt (NaPO 3 ) 0 - 50
- the glassy phosphate of the composition (NaP0 3 ) 15 - 2 o. known as Calgon ® .
- the automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention can contain two or more different condensed phosphates of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M x H 2 P ⁇ 0 3x + 1 , where M is for a cation and x represents a number greater than or equal to 5.
- those agents are particularly preferred in which the ratio of the weight fraction of polymer a) to the weight fraction of the condensed polyphosphate b) is at least 1: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 200: 1, preferably 2: 1 to 150: 1, particularly preferably 3: 1 to 120: 1, very particularly preferably 4: 1 to 100: 1 and in particular 10: 1 to 100: 1
- the agents according to the invention have a proportion by weight of one or more phosphorus-containing complexing agents from the group of the phosphonates and / or the condensed phosphates of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M x H 2 P x 0 3x + ⁇ , in the M for a cation, preferably for an alkali metal, and x for a number greater than or equal to 5 is between 1.2 and 10% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent.
- preferred machine dishwashing detergents are those in which the proportion by weight of the phosphorus-containing complexing agent b) is between 1.5 and 8% by weight, preferably between 1.7 and 7% by weight and in particular between 2 and 0 and 6 wt .-%, based in each case on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent.
- the automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention comprise Agents which contain phosphorus-containing complexing agents from the group of the phosphonates in a proportion by weight of between 1.2 and 10% by weight, preferably between 1.5 and 8% by weight, preferably between 1.7 and 7% by weight in particular between 2.0 and 6% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent; Agents which contain phosphorus-containing complexing agents from the group of the condensed phosphates of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M x H 2 P x 0 3x + 1 a cation, preferably for an alkali metal, and x stands for a number greater than or equal to 5, in a proportion by weight between 1.2 and 10% by weight, preferably between 1.5
- the subject of the present application is therefore a machine dishwashing detergent comprising a) 0.01 to 10% by weight% of at least one polymer with a molecular weight of 2000 gmol "1 or above, which has at least one positive charge; b) 1, 2 to 10% by weight of one or more phosphorus-containing complexing agents from the group of the phosphonates
- the present application therefore furthermore relates to a machine dishwashing detergent comprising a) 0.01 to 10% by weight% of at least one polymer with a molecular weight of 2000 gmol "1 or above and having at least one positive charge; b) 1, 2 to 10 wt .-% of one or more phosphorus-containing complexing agents from the group of condensed phosphates of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M x H 2 P x 0 3x + 1 , in which M stands for a cation, preferably for an alkali metal, and x stands for a number greater than or equal to 5.
- M stands for a cation, preferably for an alkali metal
- x stands for a number greater than or equal to 5.
- the weight ratio of the components i) to the components ii) is preferably between 10: 1 and 1:10, preferably between 7: 1 and 1: 7, particularly preferably between 6: 1 and 1: 6, very particularly preferably between 5: 1 and 1: 5 and in particular between 3: 1 and 1: 3.
- Preferred automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention contain non-ionic surfactants as a further component c), with agents which are particularly preferred according to the invention being 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably 1 to 12.5% by weight, particularly preferably 1.5 to 15% by weight 10 wt .-% and in particular 2 to 8 wt .-% nonionic surfactant (s), each based on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent.
- nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art can be used as nonionic surfactants within the scope of the present application, provided that these are in principle suitable for compounding with bleaching agents.
- Alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol are used, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and may contain methyl branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 2 -C 4 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 _ 1 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13 . 15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, Ci 2 - ⁇ s alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 - ⁇ 4 alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 . 18 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R denotes a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, C atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x, which determines the distribution of mono- glycosides and oligoglycosides indicates any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
- nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (V),
- RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 1 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula R 1 -0-R 2 I R-CO-N- [Z]
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- C 1-4 alkyl or Phe- nyl radicals are preferred
- [Z] stands for a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical, the alkyl chain of which is substituted with at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propylated, derivatives of this radical.
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- the cleaning agents according to the invention for machine dishwashing particularly preferably contain nonionic surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 4 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 . ⁇ alcohol with 7 EO, C 13 . 15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -i 8 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of Ci 2 - ⁇ alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -i 8 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the specified degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- machine dishwashing detergents which contain one or more taig fat alcohols with 20 to 30 EO in combination with a silicone defoamer as surfactant (s) are particularly preferred.
- Nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols are used with particular preference in the context of the present application.
- Agents according to the invention which contain a nonionic surfactant which has a melting point above room temperature are particularly preferred.
- preferred dishwashing detergents are characterized in that they have nonionic surfactant (s) with a melting point above 20 ° C., preferably above 25 ° C., particularly preferably between 25 and 60 ° C. and in particular between 26.6 and 43, 3 ° C.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which can be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If nonionic surfactants which are highly viscous at room temperature are used, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably above 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Nonionic surfactants that have a waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
- Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature originate from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally more complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants.
- Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
- the nonionic surfactant with a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant which results from the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms with preferably at least 12 mol, particularly preferably at least 15 mol, in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol has resulted.
- a particularly preferred solid at room temperature, non-ionic surfactant is selected from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C16. 2, o alcohol), preferably a C ⁇ 8 alcohol and at least 12 mole, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide won.
- C16. 2, o alcohol a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
- o alcohol preferably a C ⁇ 8 alcohol and at least 12 mole, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide won.
- the so-called “narrow ranks of ethoxylates" are particularly preferred.
- particularly preferred dishwashing detergents according to the invention contain ethoxylated nonionic surfactant (s) which consist of C 6 . 20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6 _ 20 alkylphenols or C 16 . 20 - fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol has been obtained.
- ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consist of C 6 . 20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6 _ 20 alkylphenols or C 16 . 20 - fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol has been obtained.
- the nonionic surfactant which is solid at room temperature, preferably has additional propylene oxide units in the molecule.
- Such PO units preferably make up to 25% by weight, particularly preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular up to 15% by weight of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant.
- Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols, which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
- the alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably makes up more than 30% by weight, particularly preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molar mass of such nonionic surfactants.
- Preferred dishwashing detergents are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule up to 25% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular up to 15% by weight of the total molecular weight of the nonionic Make up surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants with melting points above room temperature contain 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend which comprises 75% by weight of an inverted block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 mol of ethylene oxide and 44 mol of propylene oxide and 25% by weight.
- Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
- Another preferred dishwashing detergent according to the invention contains nonionic surfactant (s) of the formula
- R 1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof
- R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical with 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1, 5 and y stands for a value of at least 15.
- nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 3 is H or one Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical
- x stands for values between 1 and 30, k and j for values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. If the value x> 2, each R 3 in the above formula can be different.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
- H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred for the radical R 3 .
- Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
- each R 3 in the above formula can be different if x ⁇ 2.
- the value 3 for x has been chosen here by way of example and may well be larger, the range of variation increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x stands for numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 represents H and x assumes values from 6 to 15.
- dishwashing detergents according to the invention are preferred, the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 1 and R 2 represent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical
- x is Values between 1 and 30, k and j stand for values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, with surfactants of the type
- x represents numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18, are particularly preferred.
- nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units have proven to be particularly preferred nonionic surfactants.
- surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, one to ten EO or AO groups being bonded to one another before a block follows from the other groups.
- automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are preferred, which are used as nonionic surfactant (s) of the general formula
- R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6 - 24 alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R 2 or R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 ; -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the indices w, x, y, z independently represent integers from 1 to 6.
- the preferred nonionic surfactants of the formula II can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R 1 -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide.
- the radical R 1 in formula II above can vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R has an even number of carbon atoms and is generally not shown, the linear radicals being of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol , are preferred.
- Alcohols accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, Guerbet alcohols or residues which are methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched residues in a mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol residues.
- preferred dishwasher detergents according to the invention are those in which R 1 in formula VII for an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 is up to 11 carbon atoms.
- R 1 in formula VII for an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 is up to 11 carbon atoms.
- butylene oxide is particularly suitable as the alkylene oxide unit which is present in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit.
- R 2 or R 3 are selected independently of one another from —CH 2 CH 2 —CH 3 or CH (CH 3 ) 2 are also suitable.
- Preferred automatic dishwashing agents are characterized in that R 2 or R 3 for a radical -CH 3 , w and x independently of one another stand for values of 3 or 4 and y and z independently of one another for values of 1 or 2.
- nonionic surfactants which have a C 9 . 15 - alkyl radical having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units.
- These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used with particular preference according to the invention.
- nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 1 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which is preferably between 1 and 5 have hydroxyl groups and are preferably further functionalized with an ether group
- R 3 for H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2 -Butyl radical
- x stands for values between 1 and 40.
- R 1 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which is preferably have between 1 and 5 hydroxyl groups and are preferably further functionalized with an ether group
- R 3 in the abovementioned general formula is H. From the group of the resulting end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 1 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably have between 1 and 5 hydroxyl groups and x stands for values between 1 and 40.
- end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants which have the formula R 1 0 [CH 2 CH 2 0] ⁇ CH 2 CH (OH) R 2
- R 1 which represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 have up to 30 carbon atoms R 2 , which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group -CH 2 CH (OH) -.
- x stands for values between 1 and 90.
- machine dishwashing detergents which are nonionic surfactant (s) of the general formula
- R 1 which represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic
- R 2 hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms R 2 , which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group - CH 2 CH (OH) - and in which x stands for values between 1 and 90.
- radical R 1 which stands for linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic Hydrocarbon radical R 2 having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 22 carbon atoms, which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group -CH 2 CH (OH) - and in which x stands for values between 40 and 80, preferably for values between 40 and 60 ,
- the corresponding end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be obtained, for example, by reacting a terminal epoxide of the formula R 2 CH (0) CH 2 with an ethoxylated alcohol of the formula receive.
- End-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula are also particularly preferred
- R 1 and R 2 independently of one another represent a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated carbon hydrogen radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms
- R 3 is selected independently of one another from -CH 3 ; -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 , but preferably represents -CH 3
- x and y independently of one another have values between 1 and 32, nonionic surfactants having values for x from 15 to 32 and y from 0.5 and 1.5 are very particularly preferred.
- R 1 and R 2 independently of one another represent a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms
- R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 ; -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 , but preferably stands for -CH 3
- x and y independently of one another have values between 1 and 32, nonionic surfactants having values for x from 15 to 32 and y from 0.5 and 1.5 are very particularly preferred are within the scope of the present are particularly preferred in the context of the present application component for forthcoming ⁇ 71u ingttoerr o errffiinnHdiu innngcs ⁇ goemzeälßloerr M Miitttteell.
- the stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the above-mentioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Due to the manufacturing process, commercial products of the formulas mentioned usually do not consist of an individual representative, but of mixtures, which can result in mean values and fractional numbers both for the C chain lengths and for the degrees of ethoxylation or alkoxylation.
- the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention can contain the aforementioned nonionic surfactants not only as individual substances, but also as surfactant mixtures of two, three, four or more surfactants.
- surfactant mixtures are not mixtures of nonionic surfactants which in their entirety fall under one of the general formulas mentioned above, but rather mixtures which contain two, three, four or more nonionic surfactants which can be described by different of the aforementioned general formulas ,
- machine dishwashing detergents comprising 0.5 to 12% by weight of a surfactant system composed of a) at least one nonionic surfactant F of the general formula
- R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6 .
- 24 is alkyl or alkenyl
- R 2 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms
- A, A ', A "and A'" independently of one another for a radical from the group -CH 2 CH 2 , -CH 2 CH -CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ), -CH 2 -CH 2 - CH 2 -CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) - CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 2 -CH 3 ), w, x, y and z stand for values between 0.5 and 25 , where x, y and / or z can also be 0; and b) at least one nonionic surfactant G of the general formula
- R 1 -0- (AO) w - (AO) x - (A "0) y - (A '" 0) z -R 2 in which R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6 .
- R 24 is alkyl or alkenyl;
- R 2 represents H or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms;
- A, A ', A "and A'" independently of one another for a radical from the group -CH 2 CH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ), -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) - CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 2 -CH 3 ), w, x, y and z represent values between 0.5 and 25 stand, where y and / or z can also be 0; wherein the surfactant system has the nonionic surfactants F and G in a weight ratio of F: G between 1: 4 and 100: 1.
- particularly preferred dishwashing detergents are those which have a surfactant system which comprises a nonionic surfactant F of the general formula R 1 0 [CH 2 CH 2 0] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 , in which R 1 , stands for a saturated, unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals with 8 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably with 10 carbon atoms, furthermore R 2 stands for a saturated, linear hydrocarbon radical with 8 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably with 8 hydrocarbon radicals, and in which x stands for values between 14 and 26 , preferably for values from 20 to 24, which with a nonionic surfactant G of the general formula
- R 1 represents a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6 - 24 alkyl or alkenyl radical
- each group R 2 or R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 ; -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the indices w, x, y, z independently of one another are integers from 1 to 6, is combined.
- machine dishwashing detergents which have a surfactant system which comprises a nonionic surfactant F of the general formula R 1 0 [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) 0] ⁇ [CH 2 CH 2 0] y CH 2 CH ( OH) R 2 , in which R 1 represents a saturated, unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, furthermore R 2 is a saturated, linear hydrocarbon radical having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 8 Hydrocarbon radicals, and in which x stands for values of 1 or 2, while y stands for values between 18 and 24, preferably stands for values from 20 to 24, which with a nonionic surfactant G of the general formula
- R 1 represents a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6-2 4 alkyl or alkenyl radical
- each group R 2 or R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 ; -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the indices w, x, y, z independently of one another are integers from 1 to 6, is combined.
- Preferred automatic dishwashing detergents are characterized in that the surfactant system contains the nonionic surfactants F and G in a weight ratio of F: G between 2: 9 and 90: 1, preferably between 1: 3 and 80: 1, preferably between 3: 7 and 70: 1, particularly preferably between 7:13 and 60: 1 and in particular between 2: 3 and 50: 1.
- the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention preferably contain further washing and cleaning-active substances, in particular washing and cleaning-active substances from the group of bleach activators, builders, surfactants, enzymes, disintegration aids, electrolytes, pH regulators, fragrances, Perfume carriers, dyes, hydrotropes, foam inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors and glass corrosion inhibitors.
- the builders include, in particular, the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and, where there are no ecological prejudices against their use, also the phosphates.
- Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x 0 2x + ⁇ ' H 2 0, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicates Na 2 Si 2 0 5 " yH 2 0 are preferred.
- the release delay compared to conventional Amorphous sodium silicates can have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compaction or by overdrying.
- the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”.
- silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
- Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses.
- Particularly preferred are compressed / packaged amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates.
- these detergents preferably contain at least one crystalline layered silicate of the general formula NaMSi x 0 2x + 1 • y H 2 0, in which M represents sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22 , preferably from 1, 9 to 4, and y represents a number from 0 to 33.
- the crystalline optically shaped silicates of the formula NaMSi x 0 2x + 1 'y H 2 0 are, for example, from Clariant GmbH
- Na-SKS e.g. Na-SKS-1 (Na 2 Si 22 0 45 - ⁇ H 2 0, Kenyait), Na-SKS-2 (Na 2 Si 14 0 2 g- ⁇ H 2 0, Magadiite), Na-SKS-3 (Na 2 Si 8 0 17 xH 2 0) or Na-SKS-4 (Na 2 Si 4 0 9 - ⁇ H 2 0, makatite).
- crystalline sheet silicates of the formula (I) in which x is 2 are particularly suitable.
- Na-SKS-5 ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 0 5
- SKS-7 (ß-Na 2 Si 2 0 5 , natrosilite), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi 2 0 5 ⁇ 2 0), Na-SKS-10 (NaHSi 2 0 5 -3H 2 0, kanemite), Na -SKS-11 (t-Na 2 Si 2 0 5 ) and Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi 2 0 5 ), but especially Na-SKS-6 ( ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 0 5 ).
- these detergents contain, in the context of the present application, a proportion by weight of the crystalline layered silicate of the formula NaMSi x 0 2x + 1 ' y H 2 0 of 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight and in particular from 0.4 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of these compositions.
- Such automatic dishwashing detergents have a total silicate content below 7% by weight, preferably below 6% by weight, preferably below 5% by weight, particularly preferably below 4% by weight, very particularly preferably below 3% by weight .-% and in particular below 2.5 wt .-%, with this silicate, based on the total weight of the silicate contained, preferably at least 70 wt .-%, preferably at least 80 wt .-% and in particular at least 90% by weight is silicate of the general formula NaMSi x 0 2x + 1 ' y H 2 0.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- zeolite P zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.
- the zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granular compound and can also be used for a kind of "powdering" of the entire mixture to be compressed, usually using both ways of incorporating the zeolite into the premix.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- the generally known phosphates as builder substances, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons.
- the alkali metal phosphates with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), have the greatest importance in the detergent and cleaning agent industry.
- Alkali metal phosphates is the general term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of the various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish between metaphosphoric acids (HP0 3 ) n and orthophosphoric acid H 3 P0 4 in addition to higher molecular weight representatives.
- the phosphates combine several advantages: They act as alkali carriers, prevent limescale deposits on machine parts and lime incrustations in tissues and also contribute to cleaning performance.
- Suitable phosphates are, for example, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 PO 4 , in the form of the dihydrate (density 1.91, preferably “3 , melting point 60 °) or in the form of the monohydrate (density 2.04, preferably “ 3 ), the disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate) , Na 2 HP0, which is anhydrous or with 2 mol. (Density 2.066 like “3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 mol. (Density 1, 68 like " 3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 0) and 12 Mol.
- Water decahydrate (corresponding to 19- 20% P 2 O 5 ) and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 0 5 ) can be used.
- tripotassium phosphate is tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or triphase potassium phosphate), K 3 P0.
- tetrasodium diphosphate sodium pyrophosphate
- Na P 2 0 7 which is available in anhydrous form (density 2.534, preferably "3 , melting point 988 °, also 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1, 815-1, 836) "3 , melting point 94 ° with loss of water) exists, as well as the corresponding potassium salt potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), KP 2 0 7 .
- pentasodium triphosphate Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium tripolyphosphate)
- the corresponding potassium salt, pentapotassium triphosphate, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate) is commercially available, for example, in the form of a 50% by weight solution (> 23% P 2 0 5 , 25% K 2 0).
- the potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the detergent and cleaning agent industry.
- sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These occur, for example, when hydrolyzing sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH:
- these can be used just like sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of these two; also mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripo- Lyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can be used according to the invention.
- phosphates are used as washing or cleaning-active substances in washing or cleaning agents
- preferred agents contain these phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), particularly preferably pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate) , in amounts of 5 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 15 to 75 wt .-% and in particular from 20 to 70 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent.
- potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate in a weight ratio of more than 1: 1, preferably more than 2: 1, preferably more than 5: 1, particularly preferably more than 10: 1 and in particular more than 20: 1. It is particularly preferred to use exclusively potassium tripolyphosphate without admixtures of other phosphates.
- Other builders are the alkali carriers.
- alkali carriers include alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the alkali silicates mentioned, alkali metal silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned substances, the alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium quicarbonate, preferably being used for the purposes of this invention.
- a builder system containing a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate is particularly preferred.
- a builder system containing a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate is also particularly preferred.
- the alkali metal hydroxides are preferably used only in small amounts, preferably in amounts below 10% by weight, preferably below 6% by weight, particularly preferably below 4 wt .-% and in particular below 2 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent used.
- Agents which, based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent (ie the total weight of the combination product without packaging) are less than 20% by weight, preferably less than 17% by weight, preferably less than 13% by weight and in particular less than 9% by weight carbonate (s) and / or hydrogen carbonate (s), preferably alkali carbonates, particularly preferably sodium carbonate.
- Organic cobuilders include, in particular, polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
- Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function.
- these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), as long as such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaning agents.
- Citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures thereof can be mentioned in particular.
- Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, these are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polyimethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which, because of its structural relationship to the investigated polymers, provides realistic weight values. This information deviates significantly from the molecular weight information, for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard.
- the molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, this group can again the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may be preferred.
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
- the content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in washing or cleaning agents is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
- the polymers can also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomers.
- allylsulfonic acids such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomers.
- Biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units are also particularly preferred, for example those which contain salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives as monomers or those which contain salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives as monomers ,
- copolymers are those which preferably have acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
- builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursor substances. Polyaspartic acids or their salts and are particularly preferred.
- polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from polyolcarboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- dextrins for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme-catalyzed, processes be performed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molar masses in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- Ethylene diamine N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
- Glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts used in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate are 3 to 15% by weight.
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
- Automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention which contain 10 to 80% by weight, preferably 15 to 75% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 70% by weight and in particular 25 to 65% by weight of one or more water-soluble builders are included the present application particularly preferred.
- anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants are also included in the group of surfactants.
- Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
- the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C g . 13 alkyl benzene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates and disulfonates such as it is obtained, for example, from C 2 -i 8 monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products.
- alkanesulfonates which are obtained from Ci 2 - .8 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- the esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
- Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, such as those used in the production by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles Glycerin can be obtained.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C 12 -C 8 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates as well as C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ®, are suitable anionic surfactants.
- 2 alcohols such as 2-methyl-branched C g . ⁇ Alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 . ⁇ s fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO, are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8-18 fatty alcohol radicals or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol holrest, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
- sulfosuccinates the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
- Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
- the anionic surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- anionic surfactants are part of machine dishwashing detergents, their content, based on the total weight of the detergents, is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight and very particularly preferably less than 1% by weight. Automatic dishwashing detergents that do not contain anionic surfactants are particularly preferred.
- cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants can also be used.
- cationic compounds of the formulas IM, IV or V can be used as cationic active substances:
- the content of cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants is preferably less than 6% by weight, preferably less than 4% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 2% by weight and in particular less than 1% by weight. %. Automatic dishwashing detergents that do not contain cationic or amphoteric surfactants are particularly preferred.
- the group of polymers includes in particular the wash- or cleaning-active polymers, for example the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners.
- the wash aid polymers for example the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners.
- cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers can also be used in washing or cleaning agents.
- Polymers effective as softeners are, for example, the polymers containing sulfonic acid groups, which are used with particular preference.
- Copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, monomers containing sulfonic acid groups and optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers can be used particularly preferably as polymers containing sulphonic acid groups.
- R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or represents -COOH or - COOR 4 , where R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- H 2 C CH-X-S0 3 H (Vlla)
- H 2 C C (CH 3 ) -X-S0 3 H (Vllb)
- H0 3 SX- (R 6 ) C C (R 7 ) - X-S0 3 H (Vllc)
- ionic or nonionic monomers are, in particular, ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
- the group iii) monomer content of the polymers used is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer.
- Polymers to be used with particular preference consist only of monomers of groups i) and ii).
- copolymers are made of
- R to R 3 independently of one another are -H -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, single or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl or alkenyl radicals substituted by -NH 2 , -OH or - COOH as defined above or represents -COOH or - COOR 4 , where R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
- copolymers consist of i) one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or maleic acid ii) one or more monomers of the formulas VIIa, VIIb and / or VIIc containing sulfonic acid groups:
- the copolymers can contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and, if appropriate, iii) in varying amounts, it being possible for all representatives from group i) to be combined with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii).
- Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.
- copolymers which have structural units of the formula VIII are preferred.
- polymers are produced by copolymerization of acrylic acid with an acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups. If the acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained, the use of which is also preferred.
- the corresponding copolymers contain the structural units of the formula IX
- acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed.
- Copolymers are those which have structural units of the formula X
- those copolymers are preferred which have structural units of the formulas VIII and / or IX and / or X and / or XI and / or XII and / or XIII
- the sulfonic acid groups in the polymers may be wholly or partly in neutralized form, i.e. that the acidic hydrogen atom of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups can be exchanged for metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
- metal ions preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
- partially or fully neutralized copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups is preferred according to the invention.
- the monomer distribution of the copolymers preferably used according to the invention is preferably 5 to 95% by weight of i) or ii), particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight of monomer, in the case of copolymers which contain only monomers from groups i) and ii) from group i) and 10 to 50% by weight of monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.
- terpolymers those which contain 20 to 85% by weight of monomer from group i), 10 to 60% by weight of monomer from group ii) and 5 to 30% by weight of monomer from group iii) are particularly preferred ,
- the molar mass of the sulfo copolymers preferably used according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the desired intended use.
- Preferred detergent or cleaning agent compositions are characterized in that the copolymers have molecular weights of 2,000 to 200,000 gmol "1 , preferably 4,000 to 25,000 gmol " 1 and in particular 5,000 to 15,000 gmol "1 .
- Bleach activators are used in detergents or cleaning agents, for example, to achieve an improved bleaching effect when cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below.
- Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Substances are suitable which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- bleach activators which are preferably used in the context of the present application are compounds from the group of the cationic nitriles, in particular cationic nitriles of the formula
- a cationic nitrile of the formula is particularly preferred R 4
- bleach activators it is also possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Substances are suitable which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU ), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic acid anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially Ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morpholinium-aceton
- bleach catalysts can also be used. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.
- bleach activators from the group of polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyloxy- or isononosulfonates, are preferred.
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- N-acylimides in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide
- acylated phenolsulfonates in particular n-nonanoyloxy- or isononosulfonates
- n- or iso-NOBS n- or iso-NOBS
- n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate MMA
- up to 10% by weight in particular 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight, particularly 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the bleach activator-containing agents used.
- Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group consisting of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably cobalt (ammin ) Complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, the manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular of 0.0025% by weight to 1% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the agents containing bleach activator. But in special cases, more bleach activator can be used.
- Glass corrosion inhibitors prevent the appearance of cloudiness, streaks and scratches but also the iridescence of the glass surface of machine-cleaned glasses.
- Preferred glass corrosion inhibitors come from the group of magnesium and / or zinc salts and / or magnesium and / or zinc complexes.
- a preferred class of compounds that can be used to prevent glass corrosion are insoluble zinc salts.
- Insoluble zinc salts in the sense of this preferred embodiment are zinc salts which have a solubility of at most 10 grams of zinc salt per liter of water at 20 ° C.
- Examples of insoluble zinc salts which are particularly preferred according to the invention are zinc silicate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, basic zinc carbonate (Zn 2 (OH) 2 C0 3 ), zinc hydroxide, zinc oxalate, zinc monophosphate (Zn 3 (P0 4 ) 2 ), and zinc pyrophosphate (Zn 2 (P 2 ⁇ )).
- the zinc compounds mentioned are preferably used in amounts which have a zinc ion content of between 0.02 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5.0% by weight and in particular between 0.2 and 1.0 % By weight, based in each case on the total agent containing glass corrosion inhibitor.
- the exact content of the zinc salt or zinc salts in the agents naturally depends on the type of zinc salts - the less soluble the zinc salt used, the higher its concentration in the agents.
- the particle size of the salts is a criterion to be observed so that the salts do not adhere to glassware or machine parts. Means are preferred in which the insoluble zinc salts have a particle size below 1.7 millimeters.
- the insoluble zinc salt preferably has an average particle size which is significantly below this value in order to further minimize the risk of insoluble residues, for example an average particle size of less than 250 ⁇ m. This, in turn, is all the more the less the zinc salt is soluble. In addition, the glass corrosion inhibiting effectiveness increases with decreasing particle size.
- the average particle size is preferably below 100 ⁇ m. For even more poorly soluble salts, it can be even lower; For example, average particle sizes below 100 ⁇ m are preferred for the very poorly soluble zinc oxide.
- Another preferred class of compounds are magnesium and / or zinc salt (s) of at least one monomeric and / or polymeric organic acid. These have the effect that even with repeated use the surfaces of glassware do not change corrosively, in particular no clouding, streaks or scratches but also no iridescence of the glass surfaces.
- magnesium and / or zinc salt (s) of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids can be used, as described above, the magnesium and / or zinc salts of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids from the groups of the unbranched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, branched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, aromatic mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids, sugar acids, hydroxy acids, oxo acids, amino acids and / or polymeric carboxylic acids are preferred.
- the spectrum of the zinc salts of organic acids extends from salts which are sparingly or not soluble in water, ie have a solubility below 100 mg / L, preferably below 10 mg / L, in particular no solubility, up to those salts which have a solubility in water above 100 mg / L, preferably above 500 mg / L, particularly preferably above 1 g / L and especially have above 5 g / L (all solubilities at 20 ° C water temperature).
- the first group of zinc salts includes, for example, zinc citrate, zinc oleate and zinc stearate
- the group of soluble zinc salts includes, for example, zinc formate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and zinc gluconate.
- At least one zinc salt of an organic carboxylic acid particularly preferably a zinc salt from the group consisting of zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and / or zinc citrate, as the glass corrosion inhibitor.
- Zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate and zinc oxalate are also preferred.
- the zinc salt content of cleaning agents is preferably between 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably between 0.2 to 4% by weight and in particular between 0.4 to 3% by weight, or the content of zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn 2+ ) between 0.01 to 1% by weight, preferably between 0.02 to 0.5% by weight and in particular between 0.04 to 0.2% by weight. -%, each based on the total weight of the agent containing glass corrosion inhibitor.
- Corrosion inhibitors serve to protect the items to be washed or the machine, with silver protection agents in particular being particularly important in the area of automatic dishwashing.
- the known substances of the prior art can be used.
- silver protection agents selected from the group consisting of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used. Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferably to be used.
- 3-amino-5-alkyl-1, 2,4-triazoles which are preferably to be used according to the invention: 5, -propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl -, - Decyl-, -Undecyl-, -Dodecyl-, -Isononyl-, -Versatic-10-acid alkyl-, -Phenyl-, -p-Tolyl-, - (4-tert.
- alkylamino-1, 2,4-triazoles or their physiologically tolerable salts are used in a concentration of 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.0025 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.04 wt .-% used.
- Preferred acids for the salt formation are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, sulfurous acid, organic carboxylic acids such as acetic, glycolic, citric, succinic acid.
- 5-Pentyl-, 5-heptyl-, 5-nonyl-, 5-undecyl-, 5-isononyl-, 5-versatic-10-acid-alkyl-3-amino-1, 2,4-triazoles as well as mixtures are particularly effective of these substances.
- detergent formulations often contain agents containing active chlorine, which can significantly reduce the corroding of the silver surface.
- oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g.
- B hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, chloroglucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
- Salt-like and complex-like inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce, are also frequently used.
- Preferred here are the transition metal salts which are selected from the group of the manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.
- Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware.
- redox-active substances can be used. These substances are preferably inorganic redox-active substances from the group of the manganese, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, cobalt and cerium salts and / or complexes, the metals preferably in one of the oxidation states II, III , IV, V or VI are present.
- the metal salts or metal complexes used are said to be at least partially soluble in water.
- the counterions suitable for salt formation include all customary one, two or three times negatively charged inorganic anions, e.g. B. oxide, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, but also organic anions such. B. stearate.
- Metal complexes in the context of the invention are compounds which consist of a central atom and one or more ligands and, if appropriate, additionally one or more of the abovementioned.
- Anions exist.
- the central atom is one of the above Metals in one of the above Oxidation states.
- the ligands are neutral molecules or anions that are monodentate or multidentate; the term "ligand" in the sense of the invention is e.g. in "Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, 9th edition, 1990, page 2507" explained in more detail.
- Suitable complexing agents are e.g. Citrate, acetylacetonate or 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonate.
- metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnSO 4 , Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [1-hydroxyethane-1, 1- diphosphonate], V 2 0 5 , V 2 0 4 , V0 2 , TiOS0 4 , K 2 TiF 6 , K 2 ZrF 6 , CoS0 4 , Co (N0 3 ) 2 , Ce (N0 3 ) 3 and mixtures thereof., so that preferred automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are characterized in that the metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnSO 4 , Mn (II) citrate, M
- metal salts or metal complexes are generally commercially available substances which can be used in the agents according to the invention for the purpose of protecting against silver corrosion without prior cleaning. For example, that's from S0 3 production
- the inorganic redox-active substances are preferably coated, i.e. completely covered with a waterproof material that is easily soluble at cleaning temperatures to prevent their premature decomposition or oxidation during storage.
- a waterproof material that is easily soluble at cleaning temperatures to prevent their premature decomposition or oxidation during storage.
- the coating material which is solid at room temperature, is applied in a molten state to the material to be coated, e.g.
- the melting point must be selected so that the coating material easily dissolves or melts quickly during the silver treatment.
- the melting point should ideally be in the range between 45 ° C and 65 ° C and preferably in the range 50 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the metal salts and / or metal complexes mentioned are contained in cleaning agents, preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight, in each case based on the total agent containing corrosion inhibitor. enzymes
- Enzymes can be used to increase the washing or cleaning performance of washing or cleaning agents. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably their mixtures. In principle, these enzymes are of natural origin; Based on the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaning agents, which are accordingly preferred. Agents according to the invention preferably contain enzymes in total amounts of 1 x 10 "6 to 5 percent by weight based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined using known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.
- subtilisin type those of the subtilisin type are preferred.
- subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase, proteinase K, which can no longer be assigned to the subtilisins in the narrower sense and the proteases TW3 and TW7.
- Subtilisin Carlsberg is available in a further developed form under the trade name Alcalase ® from Novozymes A / S, Bagsvserd, Denmark.
- subtilisins 147 and 309 are sold under the trade names Esperase ®, or Savinase ® from Novozymes.
- the variants listed under the name BLAP ® are derived from the protease from Bacillus lentus DSM 5483.
- proteases are, for example, under the trade names Durazym ®, re lase ®, Everlase® ®, Nafizym, Natalase ®, Kannase® ® and Ovozymes ® from Novozymes, which from under the trade names Purafect ®, Purafect ® OxP and Properase.RTM ® from Genencor, which under the trade name Protosol ® from Advanced Biochemicals Ltd., Thane, India, under the trade name Wuxi ® from Wuxi Snyder Bioproducts Ltd., China, under the trade names Proleather ® and Protease P ® from from Amano Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, and the enzyme obtainable under the name Proteinase K-16 from Kao Corp., Tokyo, Japan.
- amylases which can be used according to the invention are the ⁇ -amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from ⁇ . amyloliquefaciens or from ß. stearothermophilus and its further developments for use in detergents and cleaning agents.
- the enzyme from ß. licheniformis is available from Novozymes under the name Termamyl ® and from Genencor under the name Purastar ® ST. Further development products of this amylase are available from Novozymes under the trade names Duramyl ® and Termamyl ® ultra, from Genencor under the name Purastar ® OxAm and from Daiwa Seiko Inc., Tokyo, Japan Keistase ® available.
- the ⁇ -amylase from ß. Amyloliquefaciens is sold by Novozymes under the name BAN ® , and derived variants from the ⁇ -amylase from ⁇ . stearothermophilus under the names BSG ® and Novamyl ® , also from Novozymes.
- Lipases or cutinases can furthermore be used according to the invention, in particular because of their triglyceride-cleaving activities, but also to generate peracids in situ from suitable precursors.
- suitable precursors include, for example, the lipases originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa (Thermomyces lanuglnosus) or developed further, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L. They are sold, for example, by Novozymes under the trade names Lipolase ® , Lipolase ® Ultra, LipoPrime ® , Lipozyme ® and Lipex ® .
- the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humicola insolens.
- lipases are available from Amano under the designations Lipase CE ®, Lipase P ®, Lipase B ®, or lipase CES ®, Lipase AKG ®, Bacillis sp. Lipase ® , Lipase AP ® , Lipase M-AP ® and Lipase AML ® available.
- the Genencor company can use, for example, the lipases or cutinases whose starting enzymes were originally isolated from Pseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solani.
- mannanases include, for example under the name Gamanase ® and Pektinex AR ® from Novozymes, under the name Rohapec ® B1 from AB Enzymes and under the name Pyrolase® ® from Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, United States.
- oxidoreductases for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo-, chloro-, bromo-, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenoloxidases, polyphenoloxidases) can be used according to the invention.
- Suitable commercial products are Denilite ® 1 and 2 from Novozymes.
- organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds interacting with the enzymes are additionally added in order to increase the activity of the oxidoreductases in question (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) in the case of greatly different redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soiling.
- the enzymes originate, for example, either originally from microorganisms, for example of the genera Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola, or Pseudomonas, and / or are produced by biotechnological processes known per se by suitable microorganisms, for example by transgenic expression hosts of the genera Bacillus or filamentous fungi.
- the enzymes in question are preferably purified by methods which are established per se, for example by means of precipitation, sedimentation, concentration, filtration of the liquid phases, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, exposure to chemicals, deodorization or suitable combinations of these steps.
- the enzymes can be used in any form established according to the prior art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, particularly in the case of liquid or gel-like agents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, low in water and / or with stabilizers.
- the enzymes can be encapsulated both for the solid and for the liquid administration form, for example by spray drying or extrusion of the enzyme solution together with a, preferably natural, polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzyme is enclosed in a solidified gel are or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a protective layer impermeable to water, air and / or chemicals.
- Additional active ingredients for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaching agents or dyes, can additionally be applied in superimposed layers.
- Capsules of this type are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or roll granulation or in fluid-bed processes. Such granules are advantageously low in dust, for example by applying polymeric film formers, and are stable on storage due to the coating. Furthermore, it is possible to assemble two or more enzymes together, so that a single granulate has several enzyme activities.
- a protein and / or enzyme can be protected against damage, such as inactivation, denaturation or decay, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage, especially during storage.
- damage such as inactivation, denaturation or decay, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage, especially during storage.
- the proteins and / or enzymes are obtained microbially, inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, in particular if the agents also contain proteases.
- Agents according to the invention can contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such agents is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- a group of stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors.
- Benzamidine hydrochloride, borax, boric acids, boronic acids or their salts or esters are frequently used, including above all derivatives with aromatic groups, for example ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and para-substituted phenylboronic acids, or their salts or esters.
- Ovomucoid and leupeptin may be mentioned as peptide protease inhibitors; an additional option is the formation of fusion proteins from proteases and peptide inhibitors.
- Further enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and their mixtures, aliphatic carboxylic acids up to C 12 , such as succinic acid, other dicarboxylic acids or salts of the acids mentioned. End group-capped fatty acid amide koxylates are also suitable. Certain organic acids used as builders can additionally stabilize an enzyme contained.
- Lower aliphatic alcohols but above all polyols, such as, for example, glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or sorbitol are further frequently used enzyme stabilizers.
- enzyme stabilizers such as, for example, glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or sorbitol are further frequently used enzyme stabilizers.
- Calcium salts such as calcium acetate or calcium formate, and magnesium salts are also used.
- Polyamide oligomers or polymeric compounds such as lignin, water-soluble vinyl copolymers or cellulose ethers, acrylic polymers and / or polyamides stabilize the enzyme preparation, among other things, against physical influences or pH fluctuations.
- Polymers containing polyamine-N-oxide act as enzyme stabilizers.
- Other polymeric stabilizers are the linear C 8 -C 18 polyoxyalkylenes.
- Alkyl polyglycosides can stabilize the enzymatic components of the agent according to the invention and even increase their performance.
- Crosslinked N-containing compounds also act as enzyme stabilizers. Reducing agents and antioxidants increase the stability of the enzymes against oxidative decay.
- a sulfur-containing reducing agent is, for example, sodium sulfite.
- Combinations of stabilizers are preferably used, for example made of polyols, boric acid and / or borax, the combination of boric acid or borate, reducing salts and succinic acid or other dicarboxylic acids or the combination of boric acid or borate with polyols or polyamino compounds and with reducing salts.
- the effect of peptide-aldehyde stabilizers is increased by the combination with boric acid and / or boric acid derivatives and polyols and is further enhanced by the additional use of divalent cations, such as calcium ions.
- One or more enzymes and / or enzyme preparations are preferred in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably of 0.2 to 4.5 and in particular of 0, 4 to 4 wt .-%, each based on the total enzyme-containing agent used.
- disintegration aids so-called tablet disintegrants
- tablet disintegrants or disintegration accelerators are understood as auxiliary substances which are necessary for rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and ensure the release of the pharmaceuticals in resorbable form.
- Disintegration aids are preferably used in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the agent containing disintegration aids.
- Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred washing and cleaning agent compositions contain such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and, formally speaking, is a ß-1,4 polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose.
- Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegrant, but are used in a mixture with cellulose.
- the content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free of cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as the cellulose-based disintegrant.
- the cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before being added to the premixes to be pressed.
- the particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 ⁇ m, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 ⁇ m and in particular at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 ⁇ m.
- the above and described in more detail in the documents cited coarser disintegration aids are preferred as disintegration aids and are commercially available, for example under the name of Arbocel ® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier available in the present invention.
- Microcrystalline cellulose can be used as another cellulose-based disintegrant or as a component of this component.
- This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which only attack and completely dissolve the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged.
- a subsequent disaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis provides the microcrystalline Celluloses which have primary particle sizes of approx. 5 ⁇ m and can be compacted, for example, into granules with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
- Disintegration aids preferred in the context of the present invention preferably a cellulose-based disintegration aid, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, are present in the disintegrant-containing agents in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight. and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the disintegrant-containing composition.
- gas-developing effervescent systems can also preferably be used as tablet disintegration aids.
- the gas-developing shower system can consist of a single substance which releases a gas when it comes into contact with water.
- magnesium peroxide should be mentioned in particular, which releases oxygen on contact with water.
- the gas-releasing bubble system itself consists of at least two components that react with one another to form gas. While a large number of systems are conceivable and executable here, which release nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen, for example, the effervescent system used in the detergent and cleaning agent compositions according to the invention can be selected on the basis of both economic and ecological aspects.
- Preferred effervescent systems consist of alkali metal carbonate and / or hydrogen carbonate and an acidifying agent which is suitable for releasing carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution.
- the alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates the sodium and potassium salts are clearly preferred over the other salts for reasons of cost.
- the pure alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates in question do not have to be used; rather, mixtures of different carbonates and hydrogen carbonates may be preferred.
- the preferred shower system is 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 12 and in particular 3 to 10% by weight. -% of an acidifying agent, based in each case on the total weight of the agent.
- Acidifying agents which release carbon dioxide from the alkali salts in aqueous solution are, for example, boric acid and alkali metal hydrogen sulfates, alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates and other inorganic salts.
- organic acidifying agents are preferably used, citric acid being a particularly preferred acidifying agent.
- the other solid mono-, oligo- and polycarboxylic acids can also be used in particular. From this group tartaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, Adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid and polyacrylic acid.
- Organic sulfonic acids such as amidosulfonic acid can also be used.
- Sokalan ® DCS (trademark of BASF), a mixture of succinic acid (max. 31% by weight), glutaric acid (max. 50% by weight) and adipic acid (commercially available and also preferably used as an acidifying agent in the context of the present invention) max. 33% by weight).
- acidifying agents in the effervescent system preference is given to acidifying agents in the effervescent system from the group of the organic di-, tri- and oligocarboxylic acids or mixtures.
- fragrance compounds e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used.
- Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. Benzyl acetate, phenoxyethylisobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethyibenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styralylylyl propionate.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes e.g. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetal dehyd, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g.
- terpenes such as limonene and pinene.
- perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from plant sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil.
- muscatel sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lentil flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- the fragrances can be processed directly, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers which ensure a long-lasting fragrance due to a slower fragrance release.
- Cyclodextrins for example, have proven useful as such carrier materials, and the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with further auxiliaries.
- Preferred dyes the selection of which is not difficult for the person skilled in the art, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light, and have no pronounced substantivity to those containing the dyes Agents to be treated substrates such as glass, ceramics or plastic dishes so as not to stain them.
- the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention can be made available to the consumer in different forms of manufacture.
- machine dishwashing detergents which are made available to the consumer in the form of prefabricated metering units are particularly preferred in the context of the present application.
- the automatic dishwashing agent according to the invention is preferably in the form of prefabricated metering units. Dosing units of this type can in principle be assembled for single or multiple use, but preference is given within the scope of the present application to prefabricated dosing units for single use.
- dosing units can be inserted, for example, into the cutlery box or the dosing compartment of the dishwasher.
- preference is given to those metering units which can be placed in the metering compartment of the dishwasher.
- the dosing units can in principle have any spatial shape that can be produced by a person skilled in the art, the preferred dosing units provided for the dosing compartment are distinguished by certain geometries adapted to the spatial conditions of the customary dosing compartments.
- Dosing units according to the invention which have a volume between 1 and 35 ml, preferably between 2 and 30 ml, preferably between 4 and 25 ml, particularly preferably between 8 and 22 ml and in particular between 10 and 20 ml are therefore particularly preferred.
- the weight of preferred dosing units per dosing unit is between 0.5 and 30 g, preferably between 1 and 25 g, preferably between 2 and 24 g, particularly preferably between 4 and 23 g and in particular between 8 and 22.
- a preferred automatic dishwashing agent according to the invention is characterized in that the automatic dishwashing agent is in the form of a prefabricated metering unit which is between 0.001 and 1 g, preferably between 0.01 and 0.1 g, particularly preferably between 0.01 and 0.07 g and contains in particular between 0.01 and 0.05 g of the polymer a).
- Another preferred automatic dishwashing agent is characterized in that the automatic dishwashing agent is in the form of a prefabricated metering unit which is between 0.2 and 4 g, preferably between 0.3 and 3 g, particularly preferably between 0.4 and Contains 3.0 g and in particular between 0.5 and 3.0 g of the phosphorus-containing complexing agent b).
- machine dishwashing detergents are particularly preferred which are in the form of a prefabricated metering unit which is between 0.2 and 2.5 g, preferably between 0.3 and 2.2 g , particularly preferably between 0.4 and 1.9 g and in particular between 0.5 and 1.5 g of nonionic surfactant (s).
- the tablet, the extrudate, the casting body, the deep-drawn body or the injection molding body or combinations of these metering units are preferred as assembly forms for the prefabricated metering units.
- Automatic dishwashing detergents in a prefabricated metering unit characterized in that the prefabricated metering unit is a tablet, an extrudate, a filled water-soluble container, preferably a filled injection molded body, a filled casting body or a filled foil bag, are special in the context of the present application prefers.
- Those machine dishwashing detergents which are in the form of a prefabricated metering unit are furthermore particularly preferred, this metering unit having two, three, four or more phases.
- the tablet is a first preferred prefabricated dosing unit.
- particulate premixes are compacted in a so-called die between two punches to form a solid compressed product.
- This process which is briefly referred to below as tabletting, is divided into four sections: metering, compression, plastic deformation and ejection.
- the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and the shape of the molding being formed being determined by the position of the lower punch and the shape of the pressing tool.
- the constant dosing is preferably achieved by volumetric dosing of the premix.
- the upper punch touches the premix and lowers further towards the lower punch.
- the particles of the premix are pressed closer together, the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreasing. From a certain position of the upper punch (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix), the plastic deformation begins, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed.
- the premix mixture particles are crushed and the premix is sintered at even higher pressures.
- the phase of elastic deformation is shortened further and further, so that the resulting shaped bodies can have more or less large cavities.
- the finished molded body is pressed out of the die by the lower punch and transported away by subsequent transport devices. At this point in time, only the weight of the molded body is finally determined, since the compacts can still change their shape and size due to physical processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.).
- Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which can in principle be equipped with single or double punches. In the latter case, not only is the upper stamp used to build up pressure, the lower stamp also moves towards the upper stamp during the pressing process, while the upper stamp presses down.
- eccentric tablet presses are preferably used, in which the punch or stamps are attached to an eccentric disc, which in turn is mounted on an axis with a certain rotational speed. The movement of these rams is comparable to that of a conventional four-stroke engine.
- the pressing can take place with one upper and one lower punch, but several punches can also be attached to one eccentric disk, the number of die holes being correspondingly increased.
- the throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.
- the lower punch is generally not moved during the pressing process. A consequence of this is that the resulting tablet has a hardness gradient, i.e. is harder in the areas closer to the upper stamp than in the areas closer to the lower stamp.
- rotary tablet presses are selected in which a larger number of matrices are arranged in a circle on a so-called die table.
- the number of matrices varies between 6 and 55 depending on the model, although larger matrices are also commercially available.
- Each die on the die table is assigned an upper and lower punch, and again the pressure can be built up actively only by the upper or lower punch, but also by both stamps.
- the die table and the stamps move about a common vertical axis, the stamps being brought into the positions for filling, compression, plastic deformation and ejection by means of rail-like curved tracks during the rotation.
- these cam tracks are supported by additional low-pressure pieces, low-tension rails and lifting tracks.
- the die is filled via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called Filling shoe, which is connected to a reservoir for the premix.
- the pressing pressure on the premix can be individually adjusted via the pressing paths for the upper and lower punches, the pressure being built up by rolling the punch shaft heads past adjustable pressure rollers.
- Rotary presses can also be equipped with two filling shoes to increase the throughput, with only a semicircle having to be run through to produce a tablet.
- several filling shoes are arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer being ejected before further filling.
- jacket and dot tablets can also be produced in this way, which have an onion-shell-like structure, the top side of the core or the core layers not being covered in the case of the dot tablets and thus remaining visible.
- Rotary tablet presses can also be equipped with single or multiple tools, so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing.
- the throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over one million tablets per hour.
- the tablets in the context of the present invention can also be configured in multiple phases, in particular in multiple layers.
- the moldings can be manufactured in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size. Practically all usable configurations come into consideration as the spatial shape, for example the design as a board, the bar or bar shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding spatial elements with flat side surfaces, and in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross section. This last embodiment covers the presentation form from the tablet to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.
- the spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped bodies is adapted in its dimensions to the induction chamber of commercial household washing machines or the dosing chamber of commercially available dishwashers, so that the shaped bodies can be dosed directly into the induction chamber without dosing aid, where they dissolve during the induction process, or from where they are released during the cleaning process.
- the detergent tablets can also be used without problems using dosing aids.
- the breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametrical breaking load. This can be determined according to 2P ⁇ - ⁇ Dt
- ⁇ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa
- P is the force in N that leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body that causes the molded body to break
- D is the molded body diameter in meters and t the height of the moldings.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present application relates to automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention which are in the form of a prefabricated metering unit, characterized in that the prefabricated metering unit is a shaped body, preferably a multi-phase shaped body, preferably a multi-phase tablet and in particular a multi-phase tablet Tablet with a trough, preferably with a filled trough.
- “deep-drawn bodies” are those containers which are obtained by deep-drawing a first film-like wrapping material. Deep-drawing is preferably carried out by moving the wrapping material via a receiving trough located in a die forming the deep-drawing plane and molding the wrapping material into it
- the casing material can be pretreated before or during the shaping by the action of heat and / or solvent and / or conditioning by means of relative atmospheric humidity and / or temperature changes compared to ambient conditions can be done by two parts of a tool, which behave like positive and negative to each other and deform a film placed between these tools when pressed together.
- the action of pressure is also suitable as pressure forces air and / or the weight of the film and / or the weight of an active substance placed on the top of the film.
- the deep-drawn envelope materials are preferably fixed by using a vacuum within the receiving troughs and in the spatial shape achieved by the deep-drawing process.
- the vacuum is preferably applied continuously from deep drawing to filling, preferably to sealing and in particular to the separation of the receiving chambers.
- a discontinuous vacuum for example for deep-drawing the receiving chambers and (after an interruption) before and during the filling of the receiving chambers.
- the strength of the continuous or discontinuous vacuum can also vary and, for example, assume higher values at the beginning of the process (when deep-drawing the film) than at the end (when filling or sealing or separating).
- the wrapping material can be pretreated by the action of heat before or during molding into the receiving troughs of the dies.
- the coating material preferably a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer film, is kept at temperatures above 60 ° C. for up to 5 seconds, preferably for 0.1 to 4 seconds, particularly preferably for 0.2 to 3 seconds and in particular for 0.4 to 2 seconds. preferably heated above 80 ° C, particularly preferably between 100 and 120 ° C and in particular to temperatures between 105 and 115 ° C.
- the dies used and the receiving grooves located in these dies are particularly suitable for cooling.
- the cooling is preferably carried out at temperatures below 20 ° C., preferably below 15 ° C., particularly preferably at temperatures between 2 and 14 ° C. and in particular at temperatures between 4 and 12 ° C.
- the cooling is preferably carried out continuously from the start of the deep-drawing process to the sealing and separation of the receiving chambers. Cooling liquids, preferably water, which are circulated in special cooling lines within the die are particularly suitable for cooling.
- This cooling like the continuous or discontinuous application of a vacuum described above, has the advantage of preventing the deep-drawn containers from shrinking back after deep-drawing, which not only improves the appearance of the process product, but at the same time also escapes the agents filled into the receiving chambers the edge of the receiving chamber, for example in the sealing areas of the chamber, is avoided. This prevents problems with the sealing of the filled chambers.
- the wrapping material is fed horizontally into a molding station and from there in a horizontal manner for filling and / or sealing and / or singling, and processes in which the wrapping material is fed via a continuously rotating die-forming roller (optionally optionally with a counter-rotating male mold roll, which guides the shaping upper punches to the cavities of the female mold roll).
- the first-mentioned process variant of the flatbed process is to be operated both continuously and discontinuously; the process variant using a shaping roller is generally carried out continuously. All of the deep-drawing processes mentioned are suitable for producing the agents preferred according to the invention.
- the receiving guides located in the matrices can be arranged “in series” or offset.
- the deep-drawn bodies can have one, two, three or more receiving chambers. These receiving chambers can be arranged next to one another and / or one above the other in the deep-drawn part.
- the inventive Moderate machine dishwashing detergent packaged in a water-soluble or water-dispersible deep-drawn body which, in addition to the solid machine dishwashing agent according to the invention, also contains a liquid or gel detergent or detergent mixture in a separate receiving chamber.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present application relates to automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention which are in the form of a prefabricated metering unit, characterized in that the prefabricated metering unit is a deep-drawn body, preferably a deep-drawn body with two or more receiving chambers, in particular a deep-drawn body with one another arranged receiving chambers.
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible containers can also be produced by injection molding in addition to deep drawing.
- Injection molding refers to the shaping of a molding compound in such a way that the mass contained in a mass cylinder for more than one injection molding process plastically softens under the action of heat and flows under pressure through a nozzle into the cavity of a previously closed tool.
- the process is mainly used for non-hardenable molding compounds that solidify in the mold by cooling.
- Injection molding is a very economical, modern process for the production of non-cutting shaped objects and is particularly suitable for automated mass production.
- thermoplastic molding materials are heated to liquefaction (up to 180 ° C) and then injected under high pressure (up to 140 MPa) into closed, two-part, that is, from dies (formerly Matrix) and core (formerly patrix), preferably water-cooled hollow molds, where they cool and solidify.
- Suitable molding compounds are water-soluble polymers such as, for example, the above-mentioned cellulose ethers, pectins, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, alginates, gelatin or starch.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present application relates to automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention which are in the form of a prefabricated metering unit, characterized in that the prefabricated metering unit is an injection molded body, preferably an injection molded body with two or more receiving chambers.
- the shell materials can also be cast into hollow molds.
- the hollow form of the resulting water-soluble or water-dispersible portioned agents preferred according to the invention comprises at least one solidified melt.
- This melt can be a melted pure substance or a mixture of several substances. It is of course possible to mix the individual substances of a multi-substance melt before melting or to produce separate melts which are then combined. Melting out Mixtures of substances can be advantageous, for example, if eutectic mixtures are formed which melt significantly lower and thus lower the process costs.
- the shell material cast into the hollow form comprises, at least in part, a washing or cleaning agent according to the invention.
- a washing or cleaning agent according to the invention.
- the production of cast hollow molds which consist entirely of a washing or cleaning agent according to the invention is particularly preferred.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present application relates to automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention which are in the form of a prefabricated metering unit, characterized in that the prefabricated metering unit is a casting body, preferably a casting body with at least one recess.
- the automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention in particular the automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention in the form of prefabricated metering units, preferably have a water-soluble coating.
- a water-soluble casing is, for example, a water-soluble or water-dispersible thermoformed or injection-molded body described above.
- Further preferred water-soluble coatings are water-soluble coatings for tablets, castings or extrudates, in particular in the form of a spray or dip coating or in the form of a water-soluble or water-dispersible outer packaging.
- the water-soluble coating preferably contains organic polymers or organic salts, in particular salts of carboxylic acids.
- the present application also relates to a method for automatic dishwashing, in which an automatic dishwashing agent according to the invention is introduced into the interior of a dishwasher before or while the dishwasher is going through a cleaning program.
- Another object of the present application is the use of an automatic dishwasher detergent according to the invention as a rinse aid.
- Another object of the present application is the use of phosphonates and / or condensed polyphosphates of the general formula (MP0 3 ) x , M x + 2 P x 0 3x + 1 and / or M x H 2 P x 0 3x + ⁇ , in which M stands for a cation and x for a number greater than or equal to 5, to improve the rinse aid performance of polymers with a molecular weight of 2000 gmol "1 or above, which have at least one positive charge.
- M stands for a cation and x for a number greater than or equal to 5
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200410015401 DE102004015401A1 (de) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | Maschinelles Geschirrspülmittel |
| PCT/EP2005/000287 WO2005097963A1 (de) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-01-12 | Maschinelles geschirrspülmittel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1735419A1 true EP1735419A1 (de) | 2006-12-27 |
| EP1735419B1 EP1735419B1 (de) | 2018-09-19 |
Family
ID=34960012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05700895.5A Revoked EP1735419B1 (de) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-01-12 | Maschinelles geschirrspülmittel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1735419B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004015401A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005097963A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005060431A1 (de) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Maschinelles Geschirrspülmittel |
| DE102007044418A1 (de) | 2007-09-17 | 2009-03-19 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Reinigungsmittel |
| EP2207822A4 (de) | 2007-11-09 | 2012-04-11 | Procter & Gamble | Reinigungszusammensetzungen mit monocarbonsäuremonomeren, dicarbonsäuremonomeren und monomeren mit sulfonsäuregruppen |
| EP2260070B1 (de) | 2008-03-31 | 2015-07-22 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Sulfongruppenhaltige, maleinsäurebasierte, wässrige lösung mit wasserlöslichem copolymer und durch trocknen der wässrigen lösung erhaltenes pulver |
| WO2010057977A1 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-05-27 | Thermphos Trading Gmbh | Wash and cleaning composition |
| DE102016223589A1 (de) | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-30 | Clariant International Ltd | Copolymer enthaltendes maschinelles geschirrspülmittel |
| DE102018221671A1 (de) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wasserlöslichen Hülle sowie diese wasserlösliche Hülle enthaltene Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelportionen mit viskoelastischer, festförmiger Füllsubstanz |
| DE102018221674A1 (de) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wasserlöslichen Hülle sowie diese wasserlösliche Hülle enthaltene Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelportionen |
| CN114026211B (zh) | 2019-05-28 | 2024-08-23 | 科莱恩国际有限公司 | 含有乙氧基化甘油酯的机洗餐具洗涤剂 |
| US12479957B2 (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2025-11-25 | Clariant International Ltd | Ethoxylated glycerol esters and method for the production thereof |
| WO2023057335A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 | 2023-04-13 | Clariant International Ltd | Detergent compositions for machine dishwashing comprising ethoxylated glycerol esters and modified fatty alcohol alkoxylates |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI823446L (fi) | 1981-10-16 | 1983-04-17 | Unilever Nv | Foerbaettrad komposition foer maskinell diskning och skoeljning |
| DE3519012A1 (de) | 1985-05-25 | 1986-11-27 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Waschmittel mit zusaetzen zur verhinderung der farbstoff- und aufhelleruebertragung |
| DE3723323C2 (de) | 1987-07-15 | 1998-03-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Hydroxy-Mischether, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
| US5576281A (en) | 1993-04-05 | 1996-11-19 | Olin Corporation | Biogradable low foaming surfactants as a rinse aid for autodish applications |
| GB2285051A (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-28 | Procter & Gamble | Rinse aid composition |
| DE19532542B4 (de) * | 1995-09-04 | 2008-12-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Klarspülmittel mit kationischen Polymeren |
| US6020304A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 2000-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric softener compositions |
| US5783540A (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1998-07-21 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Machine dishwashing tablets delivering a rinse aid benefit |
| US5981456A (en) | 1997-07-23 | 1999-11-09 | Lever Brothers Company | Automatic dishwashing compositions containing water soluble cationic or amphoteric polymers |
| EP0945500A1 (de) | 1998-03-23 | 1999-09-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flüssige Wäschewaschmittelzusammensetzungen mit HEDP und Polyamine |
| US6630438B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2003-10-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Perfumed detergent tablet |
| US20020160924A1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2002-10-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning compositions |
| AU1273601A (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-30 | Unilever Plc | Machine dish wash compositions |
| DE10021726A1 (de) * | 2000-05-04 | 2001-11-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung von nanoskaligen Teilchen zur Verbesserung der Schmutzablösung |
| US6475977B1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-11-05 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Water soluble sachet with a dishwasher composition |
| DE10136002A1 (de) | 2001-07-24 | 2003-02-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Maschinelle Geschirrspülmittel mit Tensiden bestimmten Diffusionskoeffizientens |
| FR2839977B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-27 | 2005-08-12 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Utilisation, dans une composition lavante et rincante de la vaisselle en machine, d'un copolymere amphotere comme agent anti-redeposition des salissures |
-
2004
- 2004-03-26 DE DE200410015401 patent/DE102004015401A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-01-12 WO PCT/EP2005/000287 patent/WO2005097963A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-12 EP EP05700895.5A patent/EP1735419B1/de not_active Revoked
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005097963A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1735419B1 (de) | 2018-09-19 |
| DE102004015401A1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
| WO2005097963A1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
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