EP1734175B1 - Process for removing impurities from fibrous suspensions - Google Patents
Process for removing impurities from fibrous suspensions Download PDFInfo
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- EP1734175B1 EP1734175B1 EP20060011651 EP06011651A EP1734175B1 EP 1734175 B1 EP1734175 B1 EP 1734175B1 EP 20060011651 EP20060011651 EP 20060011651 EP 06011651 A EP06011651 A EP 06011651A EP 1734175 B1 EP1734175 B1 EP 1734175B1
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- stage
- fraction
- accept
- volume flow
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
- D21D5/00—Purification of the pulp suspension by mechanical means; Apparatus therefor
- D21D5/02—Straining or screening the pulp
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for removing impurities from pulp suspensions in at least two precursors and a final stage, wherein each stage has a separator, by which the pulp suspension is separated into a reject fraction and an accept fraction and wherein the reject fraction of the precursor (n) is fed to a further stage, wherein the pulp suspension of the precursors is supplied with pressure generated by a pump, and wherein the volume flow of fractions is controlled and / or measured.
- Such methods are used e.g. for removing contaminants from waste paper pulp suspensions.
- pulp suspensions especially if recovered from waste paper, have a relatively large proportion of impurities, e.g. so-called rejects and stickies, which must be removed so that the pulp suspension can be used again for papermaking.
- the US 6080274 discloses a method of controlling a sorter having a plurality of cleaning stages connected in a unit. The regulation takes place via the measurement of volume flows of reject and accept fractions.
- the WO 97/32078 discloses a method and apparatus for controlling the purification of a pulp suspension.
- the accept stream is fed to a further purification stage.
- the removal of impurities is usually carried out by so-called multi-stage sorting devices in which the impurities are filtered or screened from the pulp suspension.
- the pulp suspension In each of these sorting stages, one or more precursors and a final stage, the pulp suspension is separated into a so-called accept fraction, which is a largely impurities-freed pulp suspension, and into a so-called reject fraction containing the impurities.
- the accept fraction is generally between 15 and 50% of the total pulp suspension fed to this stage.
- reject fraction of such a precursor is then fed to one or more further precursors or the final stage, in each case one more Separation into an accept fraction and a rejection fraction ensues.
- this reject fraction is usually additionally added to water before the next stage.
- control valves and pumps In order to maintain the pressure level in each stage and to control the volume flow in each stage, in the prior art in the interconnections between the individual stages, i. those lines which forward the reject fraction of a preliminary stage to the next stage, control valves and pumps provided.
- the disadvantage of these control valves and pumps is that they are subject to considerable wear due to the high proportion of solids and impurities in the pulp suspension and also tend to blockages.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned in which between the individual stages as few wear and blockage prone plant components, such as pumps and valves, are provided.
- the invention makes use of the finding that it is generally sufficient to provide a pump only before the first preliminary stage, since the pressure drop in the individual stages is usually only so low that in all stages a sufficiently high pressure level for separating the impurities from the pulp suspension is present.
- To control the volume flow it is quite sufficient if only the accept fraction of each precursor and the total amount of entering into the final stage pulp suspension is detected. Since the possibly supplied amount of dilution water is also known, the total volume flow through the plant or its division into partial streams or fractions can be determined exactly.
- the technical advantage that results from this is that with each precursor only the accept fraction is measured and / or controlled, which results in significantly less wear and a lower risk of clogging than in the reject fractions.
- a plant for producing a pulp suspension and for removing impurities from this pulp suspension is shown schematically, which consists essentially of a dissolution stage 1 for producing the pulp suspension, a sorting stage 2 for removing the impurities from the pulp suspension and a container 3 for temporarily storing the consists of purified pulp suspension.
- the dissolution stage 1 is constructed as usual in the prior art and is therefore not described in detail.
- the sorting stage 2 has a substantially three-stage structure, namely with a first pre-stage 4, a second pre-stage 5 and an output stage 6.
- the final stage 6 is in turn constructed in two stages, namely a first stage 7 and a second stage 8.
- the pulp suspension is conveyed via a control valve 9 and a pump 10 through a line 11 to the first precursor 4.
- the accept fraction is passed via a line 12 to the container 3.
- a pressure gauge 13, a flow meter 14 and a control valve 15 are arranged.
- the reject fraction from the first precursor 4 is fed via a line 16 to the second precursor 5.
- no pumps control, regulating or measuring instruments are provided.
- the second precursor 5 is also supplied with dilution water via a line 17 with a flow meter 18 and a control valve 19, so that a sufficiently high liquid content of the fibrous suspension to be separated in the second stage 5 is ensured.
- the accept fraction from the second precursor 5 is in turn passed via a line 20 and the line 12 to the container 3.
- a flow meter 21 and a control valve 22 are also arranged.
- the rejection faction from the second precursor 4 is supplied via a line 23 of the output stage 6.
- a flow meter 24 is arranged.
- a corresponding flow meter must be provided in each line for the accept fraction, which can be dispensed with a flow meter between all precursors.
- a flow meter for the accept fraction could also be provided here, in which case, however, a flow meter would have to be provided for a complete detection of all streams for the reject fraction as well.
- the final stage 6 is also dilution water via a line 26 with a flow meter 28 and a control valve 27, so that a sufficiently high liquid content of the pulp suspension to be separated in the final stage 6 is ensured in the final stage 6.
- the output stage consists in the illustrated embodiment of a first stage 7 and a second stage 8, wherein the accept fraction from the first stage 7 via lines 29 and 30 again the dissolution stage 1 is supplied, since the accept fraction in the final stage 6 already is relatively heavily contaminated.
- the reject fraction is removed via a line 36.
- a pressure gauge 31 and a control valve 32 are provided to regulate the proportion of accept fraction and reject fraction from the first stage 7 of the final stage 6.
- the reject fraction of the first stage 7 is fed to the second stage whose reject fraction is finally eliminated from the process. Due to the contamination, the accept fraction is likewise returned to dissolution stage 1 via line 30.
- a system controller 35 (not shown) is capable of controlling the pump 10, which is driven via a frequency converter 33 and a drive motor 34, and the control valves 15, 22 and 19 and 27 of the individual stages 4, 5 and 6 the sub-fractions of the individual stages 4, 5 and 6 correspond to the given values.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen aus Faserstoffsuspensionen in wenigstens zwei Vorstufen und einer Endstufe, wobei jede Stufe eine Trenneinrichtung aufweist, durch welche die Faserstoffsuspension in eine Reject-Fraktion und eine Akzept-Fraktion getrennt wird und wobei die Reject-Fraktion der Vorstufe(n) einer weiteren Stufe zugeführt wird, wobei die Faserstoffsuspension der Vorstufen mit von einer Pumpe erzeugtem Druck zugeführt wird, und wobei der Volumensstrom von Fraktionen gesteuert und/oder gemessen wird.The invention relates to a method for removing impurities from pulp suspensions in at least two precursors and a final stage, wherein each stage has a separator, by which the pulp suspension is separated into a reject fraction and an accept fraction and wherein the reject fraction of the precursor (n) is fed to a further stage, wherein the pulp suspension of the precursors is supplied with pressure generated by a pump, and wherein the volume flow of fractions is controlled and / or measured.
Derartige Verfahren dienen z.B. zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen aus Altpapierfaserstoffsuspensionen. Derartige Faserstoffsuspensionen weisen, insbesondere wenn sie aus Altpapier gewonnen wurden, einen relativ großen Anteil von Verunreinigungen, z.B. sogenannte Spuckstoffe und Stickies, auf, die entfernt werden müssen, damit die Faserstoffsuspension wieder zur Papierherstellung verwendet werden kann.Such methods are used e.g. for removing contaminants from waste paper pulp suspensions. Such pulp suspensions, especially if recovered from waste paper, have a relatively large proportion of impurities, e.g. so-called rejects and stickies, which must be removed so that the pulp suspension can be used again for papermaking.
Die
Die
Das Entfernen von Verunreinigungen erfolgt in der Regel durch sogenannte mehrstufige Sortiervorrichtungen, bei welchen die Verunreinigungen aus der Faserstoffsuspension gefiltert oder gesiebt werden. In jeder dieser Sortierstufen, einer oder mehreren Vorstufen und einer Endstufe, wird die Faserstoffsuspension in eine sogenannte Akzept-Fraktion, welche eine weitgehend von Verunreinigungen befreite Faserstoffsuspension ist, und in eine sogenannte Reject-Fraktion, welche die Verunreinigungen enthält, getrennt. Je nach gewünschter Trennqualität und dem Anteil von Verunreinigungen beträgt die Akzept-Fraktion in der Regel zwischen 15 und 50% der gesamten, dieser Stufe zugeführten Faserstoffsuspension.The removal of impurities is usually carried out by so-called multi-stage sorting devices in which the impurities are filtered or screened from the pulp suspension. In each of these sorting stages, one or more precursors and a final stage, the pulp suspension is separated into a so-called accept fraction, which is a largely impurities-freed pulp suspension, and into a so-called reject fraction containing the impurities. Depending on the desired quality of separation and the proportion of impurities, the accept fraction is generally between 15 and 50% of the total pulp suspension fed to this stage.
Die Reject-Fraktion einer derartigen Vorstufe wird dann einer oder mehreren weiteren Vorstufen oder der Endstufe zugeführt, in der jeweils eine weitere Trennung in eine Akzept-Fraktion und eine Reject-Fraktion erfolgt. Um den Wasseranteil in der Reject-Fraktion, die einer weiteren Stufe zugeführt wird, ausreichend hoch zu halten, wird dieser Reject-Fraktion vor der nächsten Stufe meist noch zusätzlich Wasser beigemengt.The reject fraction of such a precursor is then fed to one or more further precursors or the final stage, in each case one more Separation into an accept fraction and a rejection fraction ensues. In order to keep the water content in the reject fraction, which is fed to a further stage, sufficiently high, this reject fraction is usually additionally added to water before the next stage.
Um das Druckniveau in jeder Stufe aufrecht zu halten und den Volumensstrom in jeder Stufe zu steuern, sind im Stand der Technik in den Verbindungsleitungen zwischen den einzelnen Stufen, d.h. jenen Leitungen, welche die Reject-Fraktion einer Vorstufe zur nächsten Stufe weiterleiten, Regelventile und Pumpen vorgesehen. Der Nachteil dieser Regelventile und Pumpen ist, dass diese auf Grund des hohen Anteiles an Feststoffen und Verunreinigungen in der Faserstoffsuspension einem erheblichen Verschleiß unterliegen und auch zu Verstopfungen neigen.In order to maintain the pressure level in each stage and to control the volume flow in each stage, in the prior art in the interconnections between the individual stages, i. those lines which forward the reject fraction of a preliminary stage to the next stage, control valves and pumps provided. The disadvantage of these control valves and pumps is that they are subject to considerable wear due to the high proportion of solids and impurities in the pulp suspension and also tend to blockages.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem zwischen den einzelnen Stufen möglichst wenige verschleiß- und verstopfungsanfällige Anlagenkomponenten, wie Pumpen und Ventile, vorgesehen sind.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned in which between the individual stages as few wear and blockage prone plant components, such as pumps and valves, are provided.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.This problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 1.
Die Erfindung macht sich die Erkenntnis zunutze, dass es in der Regel ausreichend ist, nur vor der ersten Vorstufe eine Pumpe vorzusehen, da der Druckabfall in den einzelnen Stufen meist nur so gering ist, dass in allen Stufen ein ausreichend hohes Druckniveau zum Abtrennen der Verunreinigungen aus der Faserstoffsuspension vorhanden ist. Zum Regeln der Volumensströme ist es dabei völlig ausreichend, wenn nur die Akzept-Fraktion jeder Vorstufe und die Gesamtmenge der in die Endstufe eintretenden Faserstoffsuspension erfasst wird. Da die allenfalls zugeführte Menge an Verdünnungswasser ebenfalls bekannt ist, lässt sich der gesamte Volumensstrom durch die Anlage bzw. dessen Aufteilung in Teilströme bzw. Fraktionen exakt bestimmen. Der anlagentechnische Vorteil, der sich allerdings dadurch ergibt, ist, dass bei jeder Vorstufe immer nur die Akzept-Fraktion gemessen und/oder gesteuert wird, wodurch ein wesentlich geringerer Verschleiß und ein geringeres Verstopfungsrisiko besteht als bei den Reject-Fraktionen.The invention makes use of the finding that it is generally sufficient to provide a pump only before the first preliminary stage, since the pressure drop in the individual stages is usually only so low that in all stages a sufficiently high pressure level for separating the impurities from the pulp suspension is present. To control the volume flow, it is quite sufficient if only the accept fraction of each precursor and the total amount of entering into the final stage pulp suspension is detected. Since the possibly supplied amount of dilution water is also known, the total volume flow through the plant or its division into partial streams or fractions can be determined exactly. However, the technical advantage that results from this is that with each precursor only the accept fraction is measured and / or controlled, which results in significantly less wear and a lower risk of clogging than in the reject fractions.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der übrigen Unteransprüche.Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the remaining subclaims.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die angeschlossene Zeichnung.Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In der Zeichnung ist eine Anlage zum Erzeugen einer Faserstoffsuspension und zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen aus dieser Faserstoffsuspension schematisch dargestellt, die im Wesentlichen aus einer Auflösungsstufe 1 zum Erzeugen der Faserstoffsuspension, einer Sortierstufe 2 zum Entfernen der Verunreinigungen aus der Faserstoffsuspension und einem Behälter 3 zum Zwischenlagern der gereinigten Faserstoffsuspension besteht. Die Auflösungsstufe 1 ist wie im Stand der Technik üblich aufgebaut und wird daher nicht näher beschrieben.In the drawing, a plant for producing a pulp suspension and for removing impurities from this pulp suspension is shown schematically, which consists essentially of a dissolution stage 1 for producing the pulp suspension, a
Die Sortierstufe 2 ist im Wesentlichen dreistufig aufgebaut, und zwar mit einer ersten Vorstufe 4, einer zweiten Vorstufe 5 und einer Endstufe 6. Die Endstufe 6 ist ihrerseits wieder zweistufig aufgebaut, nämlich aus einer ersten Stufe 7 und einer zweiten Stufe 8.The
Bei der Erfindung können aber auch mehr als zwei Vorstufen und nur eine einfache Endstufe verwendet werden.In the invention, however, more than two precursors and only a simple final stage can be used.
Aus der Auflösungsstufe 1 wird die Faserstoffsuspension über ein Regelventil 9 und eine Pumpe 10 durch eine Leitung 11 zur ersten Vorstufe 4 gefördert. Die Akzept-Fraktion wird über eine Leitung 12 zum Behälter 3 geleitet. In der Leitung 12 sind ein Druckmesser 13, ein Durchflussmesser 14 und ein Regelventil 15 angeordnet. Die Reject-Fraktion aus der ersten Vorstufe 4 wird über eine Leitung 16 der zweiten Vorstufe 5 zugeführt. In der Leitung 16 sind keinerlei Pumpen Steuer- , Regel- oder Messinstrumente vorgesehen. Parallel zur Leitung 16 wird der zweiten Vorstufe 5 auch noch Verdünnungswasser über eine Leitung 17 mit einem Durchflussmesser 18 und einem Regelventil 19 zugeführt, damit ein ausreichen hoher Flüssigkeitsgehalt der in der zweite Stufe 5 zu trennenden Faserstoffsuspension gewährleistet ist.From the dissolution stage 1, the pulp suspension is conveyed via a
Die Akzept-Fraktion aus der zweiten Vorstufe 5 wird wiederum über eine Leitung 20 und die Leitung 12 zum Behälter 3 geleitet. In der Leitung 20 sind ebenfalls ein Durchflussmesser 21 und ein Regelventil 22 angeordnet. Die Reject-Fraktion aus der zweiten Vorstufe 4 wird über eine Leitung 23 der Endstufe 6 zugeführt. In dieser Leitung 23 ist ein Durchflussmesser 24 angeordnet.The accept fraction from the second precursor 5 is in turn passed via a line 20 and the
Durch die Messung der Volumensströme mit Hilfe der Durchflussmesser 14 und 21 der Akzept-Fraktionen und des Durchflussmessers 24 vor der Endstufe 6 können alle Teilströme genau erfasst oder zumindest errechnet werden, sodass es nicht erforderlich ist, auch in der Leitung 16 zwischen der ersten Vorstufe 4 und der zweiten Vorstufe 5 eine Messeinrichtung vorzusehen, die einem Verschleiß unterliegt und Störungen verursachen kann.By measuring the volume flows by means of the flow meters 14 and 21 of the accept fractions and the flow meter 24 in front of the output stage 6 all partial flows can be accurately detected or at least calculated so that it is not necessary, even in the
Bei einer Ausführungsform, bei der drei oder mehr Vorstufen vorgesehen sind, muss natürlich bei jeder Leitung für die Akzept-Fraktion ein entsprechender Durchflussmesser vorgesehen sein, womit auf einen Durchflussmesser zwischen allen Vorstufen verzichtet werden kann.In an embodiment in which three or more precursors are provided, of course, a corresponding flow meter must be provided in each line for the accept fraction, which can be dispensed with a flow meter between all precursors.
Alternativ zum Durchflussmesser 24 vor der Endstufe 6 könnte auch hier ein Durchflussmesser für die Akzept-Fraktion vorgesehen sein, wobei dann allerdings für eine vollständige Erfassung aller Ströme auch für die Reject-Fraktion ein Durchflussmesser vorgesehen sein müsste.As an alternative to the flow meter 24 in front of the final stage 6, a flow meter for the accept fraction could also be provided here, in which case, however, a flow meter would have to be provided for a complete detection of all streams for the reject fraction as well.
Parallel zur Leitung 23 wird der Endstufe 6 ebenfalls Verdünnungswasser über eine Leitung 26 mit einem Durchflussmesser 28 und einem Regelventil 27 zugeführt, damit auch in der Endstufe 6 ein ausreichend hoher Flüssigkeitsgehalt der in der Endstufe 6 zu trennenden Faserstoffsuspension gewährleistet ist.Parallel to the
Die Endstufe besteht im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer ersten Stufe 7 und einer zweiten Stufe 8, wobei die Akzept-Fraktion aus der ersten Stufe 7 über Leitungen 29 und 30 wieder der Auflösungsstufe 1 zugeführt wird, da auch die Akzept-Fraktion in der Endstufe 6 schon relativ stark verunreinigt ist. Die Reject-Fraktion wird über eine Leitung 36 abgeführt. In der Leitung 29 sind ein Druckmesser 31 und ein Regelventil 32 vorgesehen, um den Anteil von Akzept-Fraktion und Reject-Fraktion aus der ersten Stufe 7 der Endstufe 6 zu regeln.The output stage consists in the illustrated embodiment of a
Die Reject-Fraktion der ersten Stufe 7 wird der zweiten Stufe zugeführt deren Reject-Fraktion endgültig aus dem Prozess ausgeschieden wird. Die Akzept-Fraktion wird auf Grund der Verunreinigung ebenfalls über die Leitung 30 wieder der Auflösungsstufe 1 zugeführt.The reject fraction of the
Über die gemessenen Volumensströme ist eine nicht näher dargestellte Anlagensteuerung 35 in der Lage, die über einen Frequenzumformer 33 und einen Antriebsmotor 34 angetriebene Pumpe 10 sowie die Regelventile 15, 22 sowie 19 und 27 der einzelnen Stufen 4, 5 und 6 so zu steuern, dass die Teilfraktionen der einzelnen Stufen 4, 5 und 6 den vorgegebenen Werten entsprechen.By means of the measured volume flows, a system controller 35 (not shown) is capable of controlling the
Claims (8)
- Process for removing contaminants from fibre suspensions that are produced in a dissolving stage (1), in at least two preliminary stages (4, 5) and one final stage (6), where each stage (4, 5, 6) has a screen through which the fibre suspension is separated into a reject fraction, which contains contaminants, and an accept fraction, which is a fibre suspension largely free of contaminants, and where the reject fraction from the preliminary stage(s) (4, 5) is fed to a further stage (5, 6), where the fibre suspension is fed to the preliminary stages (4, 5) under pressure generated by a pump (10), and where the volume flow of the fractions is controlled and/or measured, characterised in that only the volume flow of the accept fraction is controlled and/or measured in the preliminary stages (4, 5), while the volume flow of the reject fraction is neither controlled nor measured between the preliminary stages (4, 5), and in that the volume flow of fibre suspension fed to the final stage (6) is measured.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterised by the volume flow of the accept fraction from the final stage (6) being measured.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised by the volume flow of the accept fraction from the final stage (6) being controlled.
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised by the fibre suspension in the final stage (6) being divided into a two-stage process, where the reject fraction from the first stage (7) is fed to the second stage (8).
- Process according to Claim 4, characterised by the accept fractions from both stages (7, 8) of the final stage (6) being returned to the dissolving stage (1) again.
- Process according to Claim 4, characterised by the accept fractions from both stages (7, 8) of the final stage (6) being fed to a preliminary stage (4).
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised by dilution water with a known volume flow being added to the inflow to a preliminary stage (5) and/or the final stage (6).
- Process according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised by the volume flow of the fibre suspension fed to the preliminary stage (4) being set such that the volume flows from the accept fractions remain within pre-set ranges.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT10202005A AT501723B1 (en) | 2005-06-16 | 2005-06-16 | METHOD FOR REMOVING CONTAMINATION FROM FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1734175A1 EP1734175A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
| EP1734175B1 true EP1734175B1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
Family
ID=37027451
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20060011651 Active EP1734175B1 (en) | 2005-06-16 | 2006-06-06 | Process for removing impurities from fibrous suspensions |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1734175B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT501723B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2247101A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Alfa Laval Ab | Process and apparatus for controlling the purification and yield of fibers from a fiber suspension |
| US6080274A (en) | 1997-05-06 | 2000-06-27 | Valmet Corporation | Method for controlling a multi-phase screening apparatus |
| DE19806732A1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 1999-07-29 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Process for removing fine impurities from a fiber suspension |
| ATE323189T1 (en) * | 2000-12-16 | 2006-04-15 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | METHOD FOR DISSOLVING AND CLEANING PAPER FIBER RAW MATERIALS CONTAINING CONTRARY SUBSTANCES, IN PARTICULAR WASTE PAPER |
| DE10160603A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-26 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Method for regulating sorting systems and sorting system suitable for carrying out this method |
-
2005
- 2005-06-16 AT AT10202005A patent/AT501723B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-06-06 EP EP20060011651 patent/EP1734175B1/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT501723B1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
| EP1734175A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
| AT501723A4 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
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