EP1721354A1 - Procede et systeme de gestion d un systeme de pile a combustible - Google Patents
Procede et systeme de gestion d un systeme de pile a combustibleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1721354A1 EP1721354A1 EP05717714A EP05717714A EP1721354A1 EP 1721354 A1 EP1721354 A1 EP 1721354A1 EP 05717714 A EP05717714 A EP 05717714A EP 05717714 A EP05717714 A EP 05717714A EP 1721354 A1 EP1721354 A1 EP 1721354A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- standard deviation
- waterlogging
- stack
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 208000001408 Carbon monoxide poisoning Diseases 0.000 claims description 37
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000219422 Urtica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009108 Urtica dioica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for managing a fuel cell system.
- Fuel cells are used to supply energy either for stationary applications, or in the aeronautical or automotive field, and comprise a set of elementary cells.
- the distribution of fluids between cells and collectors, as well as the concentration of. carbon monoxide at the heart of the fuel cell, are guarantees of operating stability which strongly influence the electrical balance of the fuel cell.
- US 2002/0022167 describe methods in which a process parameter is measured, and this measurement or this cumulative measurement is compared over a time interval with a respective predetermined reference value, and according to the result, a purge is triggered. These methods take no account of the electrical voltages or potential differences at the terminals of the cells of the fuel cell. These methods also do not take into account cases of poisoning of the fuel cell with carbon monoxide.
- Patent application EP 1 018 774 describes a method and a device triggering purges as a function of a measured pressure, the purges being carried out by gas recirculation. This document does not use the electrical voltages across the cells, and does not take into account cases of poisoning of the fuel cell with carbon monoxide.
- Patent applications WO 03/010845 and WO 03/010842 describe methods and devices triggering purges from an average cell voltage calculated by dividing a voltage across the terminals of a cell by the number of cells in the cell . A comparison of this value with a predetermined value makes it possible to detect if there is a waterlogging, and if there is one, a purge is triggered. These documents do not take into account cases of poisoning of the fuel cell with carbon monoxide.
- the aim of the invention is to manage the operation of a fuel cell, in order to optimize its operation.
- a method for managing a fuel cell system comprising a reformer for supplying the fuel cell with reformate gas containing hydrogen and a compressor for supplying air said fuel cell, said fuel cell being composed of cells grouped into N m ⁇ d modules.
- the method comprises steps during which: electrical voltages are measured at the terminals of each cell of each module of said stack; a difference in electrical voltages is calculated between an average electrical voltage of cell ⁇ cell for the cell and an average electrical voltage of cell predetermined U ° eU ; comparing said difference in electrical voltages ⁇ c) - U ° ell with a difference in threshold electrical voltages ⁇ XJ predetermined threshold ; and we deduce the existence of carbon monoxide poisoning in the stack when said difference of electrical ⁇ ⁇ u ⁇ -U voltages is greater than or equal to said difference in threshold voltages ⁇ U predetermined seujl, and lack carbon monoxide poisoning in the battery when said difference in electrical voltages U ce , ⁇ - U ⁇ . ,, is less than said difference in electrical threshold voltages
- ⁇ U predetermined threshold It is possible to determine the presence of carbon monoxide poisoning in the battery. We hear by carbon monoxide poisoning in the battery an accumulation of carbon monoxide in the battery. Obviously, by electrical voltage is meant a difference in electrical potentials.
- said average electrical cell voltage predetermined and said threshold voltage difference ⁇ U predetermined threshold depend on the operating mode of the fuel cell, said fuel cell comprising as operating mode a start mode, a nominal mode, and a stop mode.
- air is added to the reformate gas.
- a standard deviation ⁇ Ucea of said electrical voltages measured at the terminals of the cells of the cell is calculated; comparing said standard deviation ⁇ UceU with a threshold standard deviation ⁇ of predetermined seuU; and the existence or absence of waterlogging in the stack is deduced from the comparison, the existence of waterlogging in the stack being expressed by said standard deviation ⁇ Uce t ⁇ being greater than or equal to said deviation- type of threshold ⁇ scuU predetermined, and the absence of waterlogging in the pile resulting in said standard deviation ⁇ Uce ⁇ , being less than said standard deviation of threshold ⁇ predetermined threshold .
- a method for managing a fuel cell system comprising a device for supplying the fuel cell with hydrogen and a compressor for supplying air to said fuel cell, said fuel cell being composed of cells grouped into N mod modules.
- the method comprises steps during which: electrical voltages are measured at the terminals of each cell of each module of said stack; a standard deviation ⁇ UceU of said electrical voltages measured at the terminals of the cells of the cell is calculated; we compare this standard deviation ⁇ UceU with a threshold standard deviation ⁇ se (lU predetermined; and we deduce from the comparison the existence or absence of waterlogging in the pile, the existence of waterlogging in water in the pile resulting in said standard deviation ⁇ Ucel ⁇ being greater than or equal to said standard deviation of threshold ⁇ scuil predetermined, and the absence of waterlogging in the pile resulting in said standard deviation ⁇ Ucell being lower than said predetermined standard deviation ⁇ i ni ⁇
- said predetermined value éca ⁇ t deviation of ⁇ seu .j threshold depends on the mode of operation of the fuel cell, said fuel cell comprising as a method of operation a start mode, a nominal mode and a stop mode.
- said waterlogging purge is carried out by increasing the flow rates anodic and cathodic gas at the input of each module or at the input of the module most waterlogged.
- said waterlogging purge is carried out by putting at an atmospheric pressure the anodic and cathodic outputs of each module or the anodic and cathodic outputs of the module most waterlogged.
- a first system for managing a fuel cell system comprising a reformer for supplying the fuel cell with reform gas t comprising hydrogen, a compressor for supplying air to said cell fuel cell and an electronic control unit, said fuel cell being composed of cells grouped into N mod modules.
- the system includes: an electrical voltage sensor across each of said cells in the stack, connected to the electronic control unit, for transmitting electrical voltage measurements across a respective cell; a device for eliminating carbon monoxide poisoning in the battery; a device for draining water from the pile; means for controlling said devices for eliminating poisoning with carbon monoxide and for purging waterlogged in the stack; and processing means in the electronic control unit, receiving the measurements from said electric voltage sensors at the terminals of each of said respective cells and supplying signals to said control means, said processing means comprising calculation means and means for comparison.
- said device for eliminating carbon monoxide poisoning in the stack comprises a valve controlled by said means of control, connected to said compressor, to regulate a flow of air added to said reformate gas.
- a second system for managing a fuel cell system comprising, a device for supplying the fuel cell with hydrogen, a compressor for supplying air to said fuel cell and an electronic control unit , said fuel cell being composed of cells grouped into N mod modules.
- the system comprises: an electrical voltage sensor at the terminals of each of said cells of the stack, connected to the electronic control unit, for transmitting measurements of electrical voltages to the terminals of a respective cell; a device for draining water from the pile; means for controlling said devices for eliminating carbon monoxide poisoning and purging waterlogging in the stack; and processing means in the electronic control unit, comprising calculation means able to calculate a standard deviation ⁇ y ⁇ cell of said electrical voltages measured at the terminals of the cells of the fuel cell, and comparison means able to compare said standard deviation ⁇ ⁇ ceU with a threshold standard deviation ⁇ predetermined threshold , said processing means being able to deduce therefrom the existence or absence of waterlogging in the pile, the existence of waterlogging in the stack being reflected by said standard deviation ⁇ Ucc u being greater than or equal to said standard deviation ⁇ threshold IUES] predetermined, and the absence of water flooding in the pil e being reflected by said standard deviation ⁇ Ucell being less than said threshold standard deviation ⁇ predetermined threshold .
- the device for purging waterlogging in the stack comprises a valve, controlled by said control means, for regulating the overall supply flow rate of the cathodes of the modules or N mod valves controlled by said control means, for regulating the respective supply flow rate of the cathode of each module.
- the device for draining water from the pile comprises a valve controlled by said control means, for regulating the overall supply flow rate of the anodes of the modules or N mod valves, controlled by said control means, for regulating the respective supply flow rate of the anode of each module.
- the device for purging waterlogging in the cell comprises a valve controlled by said control means, for bringing the overall cathodic output of the fuel cell or N mc to atmospheric pressure.
- the device for purging waterlogging in the cell comprises a valve controlled by said control means, for bringing the overall anode output of the fuel cell to atmospheric pressure or N mod valves, controlled by said control means, for bringing the respective anode output of each module to atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with reformate
- FIG. 2 illustrates a first embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with hydrogen
- FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with reform t
- - Figure 4 illustrates a second embodiment of a system according to the invention supplied with hydrogen
- FIG. 5 illustrates a third embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with reformate
- - Figure 6 illustrates a third embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with hydrogen
- FIG. 7 illustrates a fourth embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with reformate
- FIG. 8 illustrates a fourth embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with hydrogen
- FIG. 9 illustrates a fifth embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with reform t;
- FIG. 10 illustrates a fifth embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with hydrogen
- FIG. 11 illustrates a sixth embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with reformate
- FIG. 12 illustrates a sixth embodiment of a system according to the invention, supplied with hydrogen
- FIG. 15 illustrates a third mode of implementation of the method according to the invention.
- a fuel cell 1 composed of a set of cells grouped into N mod modules.
- the cells of the fuel cell 1 are then distributed into 2 modules 2, 3.
- Each module 2, 3 comprises an anode part A and a cathode part C.
- the system also includes an air compressor 4 making it possible to supply oxygen to the cathode parts C of modules 2, 3 of the fuel cell 1 This global oxygen supply is provided by a duct 5 connected to the compressor 4 which supplies pressurized air.
- Line 5 is separated into two lines 6 and 7 for supplying oxygen to the cathodes C of the respective modules 2, 3 of the fuel cell 1
- An electronic control unit or ECU 8 comprises processing means 9 capable of detecting poisoning with carbon monoxide and waterlogging in the fuel cell 1 from measurements transmitted by assemblies 10, 11 of sensors of the electrical voltage at the terminals of the respective cells of each module 2, 3.
- the processing means 9 comprise calculation means 9a and comparison means 9b.
- the sets 10, 11 of sensors are connected to the electronic control unit 8 by respective connections 12, 13.
- the electronic control unit 8 also comprises control means 14 capable of controlling a device for purging the waterlogging of the cell 1, and one for eliminating carbon monoxide poisoning from the cell 1.
- a conduit overall reformate supply 15 supplies reformate gas comprising hydrogen to supply the anodes A of the different modules 2, 3 of the fuel cell 1, separating into respective supply conduits 16, 17.
- the reformer supplying the conduit 15 is not shown in the figure. Since the feed is a reformate comprising hydrogen, and not hydrogen, there is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning of the fuel cell 1.
- the carbon monoxide poisoning elimination device comprises a controlled valve 18, crossed by a duct 19 connecting the compressor 4 to the duct 15.
- the controlled valve 18 makes it possible to regulate a flow of air added to the reformate supplying the cathodes C of the modules 2, 3 of the fuel cell 1.
- the increase in air flow in the overall feed reformate eliminates or purges carbon monoxide poisoning.
- the controlled valve 18 is connected to the electronic control unit 8 by a connection 21.
- the respective evacuation pipes 22, 23 of the anodes A of each module 2, 3 of the fuel cell 1 meet at a global output 24 of the anodes A of modules 2, 3 die the fuel cell 1.
- evacuation pipes 25, 26 of the cathodes C of each respective module 2, 3 of the fuel cell 1 meet at a global output 27 of the cathodes C of the modules 2, 3 of the fuel cell 1.
- the system further comprises a device for purging waterlogged in the fuel cell 1 which comprises a controlled valve 28 through which the duct 15 d overall supply of reform t and connected to the electronic calculation unit 8 by a connection 29.
- the device for draining water from the fuel cell 1 also includes a controlled valve 30 traversed by the supply pipe 5 overall in air, therefore in ox ygene, from the fuel cell 1.
- the controlled valve 30 is connected to the electronic control unit 8 by a connection 31.
- the controlled valves 28, 30 make it possible to temporarily increase the respective overall flow rates of supply from the cell to fuel 1 when a waterlogging is detected, in order to purge the waterlogging,
- FIG. 2 represents a system similar to that represented by FIG. 1, but whose overall supply of the anodes A of modules 2, 3 of battery 1 is hydrogen. Since the power supply is hydrogen, and not reform t comprising hydrogen, there is no risk of carbon monoxide poisoning in the battery 1.
- FIG. 3 represents a system similar to that illustrated by FIG. 1 previously described, but for which the device for purging waterlogging in the fuel cell 1 does not include the controlled valves 28 and 30, but includes a v -controlled year 32 of atmospheric pressure of the s. global anode nettle 24 of the modules 2, 3 of the fuel cell 1.
- the water-bleeding purge device further comprises a controlled valve 33 for bringing the overall cathode outlet 27 of the modules 2 to atmospheric pressure, 3 of the fuel cell 1.
- FIG. 4 represents a system similar to that represented by the fignre 3, but whose overall supply of the anodes A of the modules 2, 3 of the stack 1 is hydrogen.
- the feed being hydrogen, and not reformate comprising iydrogen, there is no risk of poisoning with carbon monoxide at ⁇ 1, The system therefore does not include a device for elimination of poisoning in.
- FIG. 5 represents a system similar to those illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 3 previously described, which combines the two water-bleeding purge devices illustrated by the Figures 1 and 3.
- the device for draining water from the fuel cell 1 comprises the controlled valves 28, 30, 32 and 33, as well as their respective connections 29, 31, 34 and 35, which make it possible to purge a waterlogging in the fuel cell 1 by simultaneously combining their operation described above. This simultaneous combination makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the device for draining water from the stack, in particular by accelerating the drain.
- FIG. 6 represents a system similar to that represented by FIG.
- FIG. 7 describes a system similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1, but in which the controlled valve 28 for overall reform supply t is replaced by a set of controlled valves 36, 37 for regulating the respective inlet flow rates of supply of reform t of the respective anodes A of the modules 2, 3 of the stack 1.
- the controlled valves 36, 37 are connected to the electronic control unit 8 by respective connections 38, 39.
- the controlled valve 30 d the overall air supply is replaced by a set of controlled valves 40, 41 to regulate the respective input flow rates of air to the respective cathodes C of the modules 2, 3 of the stack 1.
- the controlled valves 40, 41 are connected to the electronic control unit 8 by respective connections 42, 43. This makes it possible to control a waterlogging purge in the stack only in the module waterlogged, in other words in the most waterlogged module, of stack 1.
- the processing means 9 are then capable of determining the most waterlogged module.
- FIG. 8 represents a system similar to that represented by FIG. 7, but the overall supply of the anodes A of the modules 2, 3 of the cell 1 is hydrogen. Since the feed is hydrogen, and not reform t comprising hydrogen, there is no risk of carbon monoxide poisoning in cell 1.
- FIG. 9 depicts a similar system; to that illustrated in FIG. 3, but in which the controlled valves 32 and 33 for bringing the atmospheric pressure of the global anode and cathode outputs 24, 27 are replaced by respective sets of controlled valves for bringing the atmospheric pressure of the respective modules 2, 3 of stack 1. Controlled valves 44,
- FIG. 10 represents a system similar to that represented by FIG. 9, but the overall supply of the anodes A of the modules 2, 3 of the cell 1 is hydrogen.
- FIG. 11 represents a system similar to those illustrated by FIGS. 7 and 9 previously described, which combines the two devices for purging waterlogging illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 9.
- the device for purging waterlogging in the fuel cell 1 includes the controlled supply valves 36, 37, 40, 41, and the controlled atmospheric pressure valves 44, 45, 48, 49. This simultaneous combination makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the selective purge of waterlogging of the stack, in particular by accelerating the purging in the module most waterlogged.
- FIG. 12 represents a system similar to that represented by FIG. 11, but the overall supply of the anodes A of the modules 2, 3 of the cell 1 is hydrogen. Since the power supply is hydrogen, and not a reformate comprising hydrogen, there is no risk of carbon monoxide poisoning in the battery 1. The system therefore does not include an elimination device carbon monoxide poisoning, and therefore no controlled valve 18, conduit 19, or connection 21.
- the hydrogen supply device of conduit 15 is not shown in the figure. Of course, any other combination is valid, for example a combination of a controlled global supply valve and of controlled valves supplying the respective modules.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of the method according to the invention in the case of a supply of the system with hydrogen, and not with reformate.
- the method begins with a step 52 of detecting the operating mode of the fuel cell 1.
- the cell 1 includes the operating mode, a start mode, a nominal mode, and a stop mode.
- the electrical voltages, or potential differences are measured at the boarnes of the cells of the battery 1, by means of the assemblies 10, 11 of sensors of the electrical voltage at the terminals of the respective cells of each module 2 , 3.
- Each measurement of cell electrical voltage is transmitted to the electronic control unit 8 -
- the calculation means 9a of the processing means 9 calculate ura standard deviation ⁇ UccU of said electrical voltages measured at the terminals s of the cells of the battery .
- the calculation of this standard deviation ⁇ ⁇ cel j is carried out using the following equation: (1) in which: N this u_ aD ( k ) is I th number of cells of module k;
- N mod is the number of modules in the fuel cell stack 1; u] (t) is the electrical voltage across the terminals of cell i of module j at an instant t; and ⁇ cell (t) is there. mean electrical voltage across a cell in battery 1 at time t.
- the average electrical voltage ⁇ wU (t) across a cell in cell 1 at time t is defined by the equation:
- the comparison means 9b of the processing means 9 carry out a comparison between the standard deviation ⁇ Ueell calculated and a predetermined threshold standard deviation value ⁇ sellil depending on the operating mode of the fuel cell. If the standard deviation ⁇ Uce] 1 is less than the standard deviation ⁇ seun predetermined threshold, then the method continues by said step
- step 55 Optional determining the most congested water module.
- This step is optional, because it is useless when the stack 1 comprises only a single module, or when the device for purging waterlogging in the stack 1 comprises only controlled valves for regulating global supplies or bringing the modules of cell 1 to global atmospheric pressure, as shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 6. It is carried out for the systems represented in FIGS. 8, 10 and 12.
- step 55 it is by calculating a standard deviation of the electrical voltages of the cells of each module, and by determining the module having the largest of these standard deviations, which will be the module most waterlogged.
- the standard deviation ⁇ ⁇ j of a module j is calculated by means 9, by the equation: Then, during a step 56, the control means 14 controls a purge of waterlogging of the cell 1 or of the module most waterlogged, depending on the presence or not of step 55, presence dependent on the system. We then go to said step 53.
- FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of the method according to the invention in the case of supplying the system with reformate, and not with hydrogen. There may therefore be the presence of carbon monoxide poisoning in the battery L. The process begins with steps 52 and 53. In step 53, it is not in this embodiment necessary to calculate the standard deviations mentioned.
- the calculation means 9a also calculate a difference in electrical voltages between an average cell electrical voltage ⁇ ⁇ ,, for the cell 1 and a predetermined cell average electrical voltage U ° ell .
- the predetermined average cell electrical voltage U ⁇ represents an average electrical voltage in the absence of carbon monoxide poisoning in cell 1. During carbon monoxide poisoning in cell 1, these are all the electrical voltages at the terminals of the cells of battery 1 which fall, unlike in the case of waterlogging, where only the electric voltages at the terminals of the engorged cells fall.
- step 57 during which the comparison means 9b of the processing means 9 compare said difference in electrical voltages ⁇ ⁇ n - U ⁇ with a predetermined difference in electrical voltages of threshold ⁇ U thresholdi ] which depends on the mode of system operation. If the difference in electrical voltages U ce ⁇ -U çeU is less than the difference in electrical threshold voltages ⁇ U s ⁇ ui
- FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of the method according to the invention in the case of supplying the system with reformate, and not with hydrogen, combining the steps of the two methods previously described, when taking the risks into account carbon monoxide poisoning and the risk of waterlogging in the fuel cell.
- the invention therefore makes it possible to optimize the operation of a fuel cell, by detecting carbon monoxide poisoning and waterlogging in the fuel cell, and by eliminating the presence of carbon monoxide poisoning and by purging a waterlogging.
- the invention also makes it possible to be able to purge a waterlogging of the cell by module of the cell, in order to target the purging.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0401572A FR2866473B1 (fr) | 2004-02-17 | 2004-02-17 | Procede et systeme de gestion d'un systeme de pile a combustible. |
| PCT/FR2005/050096 WO2005081345A1 (fr) | 2004-02-17 | 2005-02-15 | Procede et systeme de gestion d'un systeme de pile a combustible |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1721354A1 true EP1721354A1 (fr) | 2006-11-15 |
Family
ID=34803420
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05717713A Expired - Lifetime EP1756897B1 (fr) | 2004-02-17 | 2005-02-15 | Procédé et système de gestion pour la détection d'engorgement en eau dans des piles à combustibles |
| EP05717714A Withdrawn EP1721354A1 (fr) | 2004-02-17 | 2005-02-15 | Procede et systeme de gestion d un systeme de pile a combustible |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05717713A Expired - Lifetime EP1756897B1 (fr) | 2004-02-17 | 2005-02-15 | Procédé et système de gestion pour la détection d'engorgement en eau dans des piles à combustibles |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090197128A1 (fr) |
| EP (2) | EP1756897B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2007522629A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE441218T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE602005016246D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2866473B1 (fr) |
| WO (2) | WO2005081344A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8658322B2 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2014-02-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system |
| JP5343509B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-28 | 2013-11-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池の状態検知方法 |
| FR2972303B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-02 | 2013-11-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Pile a combustible a chambre anodique comportant dans la chambre anodique une surface de condensation et d'evacuation d'eau, et procede de condensation et d'evacuation d'eau formee dans ladite chambre |
| DE102022211442A1 (de) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-08 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Begegnen einer Flutung einer Anode eines Brennstoffzellenstapels |
| CN116014189B (zh) * | 2023-01-04 | 2025-08-08 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池的运行方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4910099A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1990-03-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Preventing CO poisoning in fuel cells |
| US6063516A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2000-05-16 | General Motors Corporation | Method of monitoring CO concentrations in hydrogen feed to a PEM fuel cell |
| US6472090B1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2002-10-29 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic reactant starvation |
| FR2788170B1 (fr) * | 1999-01-05 | 2001-02-16 | Air Liquide | Procede de purge de circuit de gaz de pile a combustible, et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| JP3636068B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-16 | 2005-04-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池制御装置 |
| US6960401B2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2005-11-01 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Fuel cell purging method and apparatus |
| US7396605B2 (en) * | 2002-03-08 | 2008-07-08 | Van Zee John W | Method and system for improving the performance of a fuel cell |
-
2004
- 2004-02-17 FR FR0401572A patent/FR2866473B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-15 US US10/589,734 patent/US20090197128A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-02-15 WO PCT/FR2005/050095 patent/WO2005081344A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-02-15 EP EP05717713A patent/EP1756897B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-15 AT AT05717713T patent/ATE441218T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-15 JP JP2006552675A patent/JP2007522629A/ja active Pending
- 2005-02-15 WO PCT/FR2005/050096 patent/WO2005081345A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-02-15 EP EP05717714A patent/EP1721354A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-15 DE DE602005016246T patent/DE602005016246D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005081345A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2866473B1 (fr) | 2006-04-28 |
| US20090197128A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| FR2866473A1 (fr) | 2005-08-19 |
| JP2007522629A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
| WO2005081345A1 (fr) | 2005-09-01 |
| EP1756897B1 (fr) | 2009-08-26 |
| ATE441218T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
| WO2005081344A1 (fr) | 2005-09-01 |
| EP1756897A1 (fr) | 2007-02-28 |
| DE602005016246D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
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