EP1720789A2 - Method and device for automatic checking of availability of a technical device in or on a building - Google Patents
Method and device for automatic checking of availability of a technical device in or on a buildingInfo
- Publication number
- EP1720789A2 EP1720789A2 EP05706551A EP05706551A EP1720789A2 EP 1720789 A2 EP1720789 A2 EP 1720789A2 EP 05706551 A EP05706551 A EP 05706551A EP 05706551 A EP05706551 A EP 05706551A EP 1720789 A2 EP1720789 A2 EP 1720789A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- period
- elevator
- reaction
- time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
- B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
- B66B5/0025—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system for maintenance or repair
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for automatically checking the availability of a technical device in or on a building according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for automatically checking the availability of a technical device according to the preamble of claim 7.
- a number of (building) technical facilities are usually installed, which carry out at least one repeatable process in normal operation several times in order to meet different needs of users of the respective building, e.g. elevators, alarm and signaling systems to ward off dangers due to burglary or fire or smoke or water, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, office equipment, communication systems, etc.
- elevators e.g. the travel of a cabin is a repeatable process. Repeatable processes can be defined accordingly in other technical facilities.
- the facilities in the building are in a condition that ensures the highest possible level of availability. Since malfunctions can impair the availability of the technical facilities and possibly reduce comfort or even pose a safety risk, it is of interest to identify malfunctions of the respective technical facility as early as possible and to determine their causes.
- maintenance usually involves performing a diagnosis, by means of which it is determined whether the technical device in operation fulfills all of the intended functions as expected.
- a test of the technical device is often carried out.
- a control of the technical device can be given a suitable command and a reaction of the technical device can then be registered and compared with a target reaction.
- the target reaction is the reaction that the respective command initiates, provided the technical device behaves as intended according to its specification. Shows the confirmation copy Diagnosis of a difference between the target response and the response actually registered following the command indicates a malfunction.
- technical devices in buildings can be checked with a monitoring system by transmitting certain status information of the controls of the technical devices to be monitored to a monitoring center via a communication network.
- the status information received in the monitoring center does not allow any reliable conclusions to be drawn as to whether the respective technical device is currently available or not. If, for example, the technical device is only used intermittently in normal operation or if the control of the technical device itself should have a defect, an impairment of the availability of the technical device is not recognized easily or only after a delay.
- the present invention addresses the disadvantages mentioned.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for automatically checking the availability of a technical device, which is suitable to determine an impairment of the availability of the technical device as quickly and reliably as possible during any period, especially during normal operation.
- the invention is also intended to provide a device which is suitable for carrying out such a method.
- an automatic check of the availability of a technical device is realized in that, under certain conditions, at least one test of the technical device is carried out, in which test at least one reaction of the technical device is registered and compared with a target reaction.
- a measured value for the frequency of the execution of the process is determined for a first period. The test is only carried out if the measured value is less than a predetermined value by a predetermined amount, which is either equal to a first estimated value for the
- Frequency of the process for the first period or a second Estimation of the frequency of the operation for a second period is set. If the registered reaction matches the target reaction, then it can be assumed that the technical equipment is available. If the registered reaction does not match the target reaction, it can be assumed that the technical equipment is not available.
- the method has the advantage that tests of the respective technical device only have to be carried out if certain easily ascertainable measured values deviate from certain target values.
- frequency of the process is understood to mean any quantitative measure which characterizes how often the process can be registered in a specific period of time.
- the invention is based on the fact that the current execution of a process in a technical facility is usually proof that it is available. A reason to check the availability of the technical facility by means of a test is seen only in exceptional cases during operation:
- the frequency of the operation is expected to increase by a predetermined amount in a second (later) time period (in this case, it is checked whether the technical equipment is available before the expected increase in the frequency of the operation) In order to be able to restore the availability of the technical equipment in good time before the ascent, if necessary, if the technical equipment is not available).
- An estimated value for the frequency of the execution of the process carried out by the technical device can, for example, be determined for a predetermined period of time by first registering the respective processes of the process and the times at which the respective process begins. In a further step, it can be determined on the basis of plausible assumptions regarding a future development of the frequency of the course of the process from the times already registered, which frequency of the course of the process can be expected for the predetermined period. In this context, this expected frequency should be regarded as the above-mentioned estimate.
- the frequency of the process and the future development of this frequency can be described in the context of a usage model, i.e. on the basis of a theoretical model that describes the way in which the technical device is used in normal operation and, if necessary, records the expected behavior of the building users and the influence of the users on the frequency of the process.
- a usage model can be suitably selected depending on the situation.
- An embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the method steps mentioned below: a first estimated value for the frequency of the sequence of the
- the process and a measured value for the frequency of the course of the process are each determined for a first period of time and a second estimate for the frequency of the process
- Expiration of the process for a second period following the first period is set to a value that
- Amount is less than the first estimate or
- Amount is greater than the first estimate.
- Steps (i), (ii) and (iii) above can be implemented, for example, in the form of a mathematical function, which in each case assigns an estimated value for a later period to an estimated value and a measured value for the frequency of the process running for a predetermined period.
- Such a mathematical function can be selected appropriately for the purposes of the method according to the invention according to various criteria.
- the mathematical function defines a regulation of how an estimated value for the frequency of the course of the process required during the implementation of the method is to be calculated from measured values for the frequency of the process sequence. The iteration of the aforementioned method steps therefore enables the method according to the invention to be carried out in such a way that each estimated value that must be known at a specific point in time during the implementation of the method is calculated successively from measured values for the frequency of the process using the mathematical function may have been determined earlier.
- the estimated values for the frequency of the course of the process determined using the mathematical function can also change as a function of time.
- the respective estimated values for the frequency of the sequence of the process are therefore kept in
- a device is suitable according to the invention, which comprises:
- a command generator with which a given command for executing at least one test of the technical device can be given to a control of the technical device, the test being selected such that a target reaction of the technical device can be registered when the technical device is available,
- a registration device for registering a reaction of the technical device following the command and a device for comparing the reaction with the target reaction a device for determining and / or storing a first estimated value for the frequency of the procedure for a first period and / or for determining and / or storing a second estimate for the frequency of the procedure for a second period, a measuring device to determine a measure of the frequency of the process for the first period, and
- control device for controlling the command generator in such a way that the command is given when the measured value is less than one of the estimated values by a predetermined amount.
- the device according to the invention can be installed in the vicinity of the technical device in or on the building and can be equipped via a communication link for transmitting predetermined information to a monitoring center (for example to a remote monitoring center). If necessary, e.g. If the reaction does not match the target reaction, the device according to the invention can automatically establish the communication connection to the monitoring center, for example via a wired or wireless telephone or data network. If the situation arises that the technical equipment becomes unavailable, remedial action can be taken automatically in this way. In this way, a technical device can be permanently monitored from a monitoring center without a permanent communication connection between the technical device and the monitoring center having to be established.
- the time for a test is derived from observations during the operation of the technical device. Signs of malfunctions are therefore quickly recognized. In this way it can be achieved that the number of tests is kept low.
- the estimated values mentioned can be determined from measured values.
- the estimated values can therefore be continuously adjusted during operation of the technical device to take account of changed conditions.
- the method can be carried out in such a way that the estimated values are continuously adjusted during operation. This adjustment also helps to keep the number of tests low.
- the device according to the invention can generally be retrofitted in or on a building without difficulty.
- controls of technical devices generally have suitable interfaces via which suitable commands for executing a test of the technical device can be transmitted to the control, and that the processes and reactions of the technical device carried out by the technical device Device can usually be registered with simple measuring means, for example by registering a change in a state of a drive and / or a power supply and / or a sensor and / or a light source and / or a status display of the technical device or a registration of signals to control the technical equipment.
- Use of the elevator is considered a "repeatable process" in the sense of the invention.
- use is to be understood to mean any elevator service that benefits a user, such as a car call, a floor call, a travel command and / or a command to open or close a door.
- a “frequency of use”, ie the number of times the elevator is used per unit of time, can be considered as a measure of the “frequency of the process”.
- a usage model could be obtained, for example, on the basis of a statistical analysis of usage.
- a statistical analysis can, for example, show that the frequency of use is expected to follow certain trends depending on a number of measurable quantities, for example as a function of time over the course of a day, from day to day or from week to week, due to user habits or others Influencing factors (opening times, vacation days, weather, etc.).
- Influencing factors open times, vacation days, weather, etc.
- the temporal course of the frequency of use should be essentially the same for each time interval, so that there are characteristic temporal fluctuations in the frequency of use in one of the Repeat time intervals in the following time interval in essentially the same way.
- the course of the frequency of use in a time interval is correlated with the course of time of the frequency of use in one or more of the preceding time intervals. The latter can lead to the trend in usage frequency showing recognizable trends over a majority of the time intervals.
- predictable events can influence the course of usage frequency. Events in which a certain number of people take part can influence the frequency of use in a characteristic way during a defined period of time. For example, it can be expected that the frequency of use will increase sharply at the beginning or end of such events and then decrease again, the extent of the increase depending on the number of people taking part.
- a command to execute at least one test of the elevator installation can include, for example, a car call, a floor call and / or a travel command.
- Car calls, floor calls and / or travel commands can be generated in conventional elevators using relatively simple means. This is often possible without using detailed information about the structure of an elevator control.
- the target reaction can include, for example, the following processes: opening and closing a floor door of the elevator installation and / or opening and closing a car door and / or moving a car from a predetermined floor to another predetermined floor.
- the invention is particularly applicable for checking the availability of technical facilities such as heating systems, air conditioning systems, ventilation systems, refrigerators, freezers and other household appliances, lighting systems, communication systems, information systems, reporting and alarm systems, devices for data or information processing, systems for data acquisition, Systems for access control in buildings, u. ⁇ ., provided that these facilities perform at least one repeatable process.
- technical facilities such as heating systems, air conditioning systems, ventilation systems, refrigerators, freezers and other household appliances, lighting systems, communication systems, information systems, reporting and alarm systems, devices for data or information processing, systems for data acquisition, Systems for access control in buildings, u. ⁇ ., provided that these facilities perform at least one repeatable process.
- a heating element for example a burner
- activation of the heating element for example a burner burning process
- actuating a pump for hot water or actuating a valve for regulating a hot water flow can, for example, as repeatable process.
- the frequency of activation of the heating element or the frequency of activation of the pump or valve can be measured and compared with corresponding estimates.
- the target temperature to be achieved by the heating system can be increased briefly (if, for example, the heating element was last activated an unexpectedly long time ago).
- the heating system would have to start a new heating cycle of the heating element (if the heating system is available) or control the pump or valve appropriately to increase the hot water flow.
- compressors are operated discontinuously by means of a drive motor or a flow is controlled by a control valve or an actuator is moved to different positions as required.
- a control valve or an actuator is moved to different positions as required.
- Drive motor or the valve or the actuator can be regarded as a repeatable process in the sense of the invention.
- a target value temperature, air humidity
- a target value that is to be realized by the respective device could be changed and it can be checked whether the named process is repeated after the change or a control of the device reacts as expected ,
- Further applications of the invention can be implemented in the area of information systems which display information when requested by users.
- the provision of certain information by the information system for example the reproduction of information on a display device or the presentation of, can be regarded as a repeatable process in the sense of the invention Multimedia data using a corresponding playback device.
- a simulation of a demand for certain information can be carried out, for example by means of suitable control signals that can be sent to a control unit of the information system.
- Reporting and alarm systems generally have the task of generating a message under certain conditions (e.g. in the case of fire, smoke, intrusions or water ingress) (e.g. by sending certain information to a certain address or to a certain one
- the generation of a message or the triggering of an alarm can be considered here, or the measurement-related detection of the variables monitored by the signaling or alarm system (for example the detection of a fire by means of a temperature or heat radiation measurement, the measurement of
- Changes in the status of motion detectors for the detection of intrusions, the measurement of a liquid level in rooms or smoke detection) can be viewed.
- a simulation of conditions that force the signaling or alarm system to generate a predetermined message or to generate a predetermined alarm can be carried out, for example by means of suitable control signals that are sent to a control unit of the Notification or alarm system can be sent.
- the switching on and / or off of light sources generally correlates with the presence of people and with the respective time of day.
- switching on a light source can be regarded as a repeatable process in the sense of the invention.
- the system's light sources can be switched on on a trial basis (by activating corresponding switches) or the
- Light intensity of light sources can be varied (for example by controlling a control unit of the lighting system).
- the switching on and / or off of the light sources can be controlled with light, voltage or current sensors.
- Devices for data or information processing such as printers, photocopiers or scanners, usually carry out individual jobs, which are processed manually or can be initiated by a controller, for example print, copy or scan jobs.
- the processing of an order can be regarded as a repeatable process in the sense of the invention.
- an automatic control command can be used to give a command to process a specified job to a control of the device. It can then be checked whether the device executes the job as expected.
- Systems for data acquisition e.g. systems for recording working hours or the presence of people
- systems for access control in buildings have to collect certain information from time to time (e.g. reading personal data from data carriers, capturing biometric data, capturing image information) and, if applicable evaluate.
- the acquisition and processing of information can be regarded as a repeatable process in the sense of the invention.
- that interface of the system which is provided for the acquisition of information can be offered test information in a suitable format for further processing. It can then be checked whether the system processes the test information as expected.
- FIG. 1 shows an elevator system with two elevators and a device according to the invention for automatically checking the availability of the elevator system
- FIG. 2 shows the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 in detail
- 3 shows a course of estimated values and measured values for a frequency of use of an elevator as a function of time for different time periods
- FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram for an embodiment of the method according to the invention, which is applicable to the estimated values or measured values according to FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram for a further embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- 1 shows an elevator system 1 with two elevators 1.1 and 1.2 of the same type in connection with a device 30 according to the invention for automatically checking the availability of the elevator system 1. This is installed in a building with six floors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.
- a shaft 2.1 or 2.2 is provided for each of the elevators 1.1 or 1.2.
- There are two landing doors 4.x (x 1-6) on each floor 3.x.
- the elevator 1.1 comprises: a cabin 5.1 with a cabin door 6.1 on a side facing the floors 3.x, a counterweight 7.1, a suspension element 8.1 for the cabin 5.1 and the counterweight 7.1, a drive 10.1 with a traction sheave for the suspension element 8.1 and one Elevator control 15.1.
- the cabin 5.1 and the counterweight 7.1 are each connected to one another via the suspension means 8.1, the suspension means 8.1 wrapping around the traction sheave of the drive 10.1.
- Activation of the drive 10.1 causes a rotation of the traction sheave and thus an opposite movement of the car 5.1 and the counterweight 7.1 upwards or downwards.
- signals can be transmitted between the elevator control 15.1 and various controllable components of the elevator 1.1 via a communication link 16.1.
- the elevator 1.2 comprises a car 5.2 with a car door 6.2 on a side facing the floors 3.x, a counterweight 7.2, a suspension element 8.2 for the cabin 5.2 and the counterweight 7.2, a drive 10.2 with a traction sheave for the suspension element 8.2 and one Elevator control 15.2.
- the cabin 5.2 and the counterweight 7.2 are each connected to one another via the suspension means 8.2, the suspension means 8.2 wrapping around the traction sheave of the drive 10.2.
- Activation of the drive 10.2 causes a rotation of the traction sheave and thus an opposite movement of the cabin 5.2 and the counterweight 7.2 upwards or downwards.
- signals can be transmitted between the elevator controller 15.2 and various controllable components of the elevator 1.2 via a communication link 16.2.
- Elevators 1.1 and 1.2 can be controlled independently of one another by elevator controls 15.1 and 15.2, respectively.
- a communication link 18 is provided between the elevator controls 15.1 and 15.2. If necessary, signals can be sent via the communication link 18 be exchanged between the elevator controls 15.1 and 15.2 in order to be able to operate the elevators 1.1 and 1.2 as an elevator group with a group control.
- the elevator installation 1 has - as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 - a number of devices which are intended for different operating states of the
- Elevator controls 15.1 and 15.2 are detected via communication links 17.1 and 17.2, as indicated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 shows details of the device 30. This comprises a device 30.1 for checking the availability of the elevator 1.1 and a device 30.2 for checking the availability of the elevator 1.2.
- the devices 30.1 and 30.2 are constructed essentially the same.
- the device 30.1 comprises a processor P1 and various components with which the processor P1 can exchange data during operation: a communication interface 31.1 for communication with the devices 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, 21.6, 22.1, 24.1, 25.1, 26.1 , 27.1, 28.1 via a communication link 41.1,
- a memory M11 for a program for checking the availability of the elevator 1.1 (hereinafter referred to as "P1.1")
- a memory M12 for estimated values for a frequency of use of the elevator 1.1 (P1.1)
- a memory M13 for measured values for the frequency of use of the elevator 1.1 a memory M14 for data.
- the program P1.1 can run under the control of the processor P1.
- the program P1.1 controls various processes: a) Under the control of the program P1.1, the processor P1 can evaluate signals from the devices 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, 21.6, 22.1, 24.1, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1 , b)
- the evaluation of the signals according to a) enables the registration of uses of the elevator 1.1 and the determination of measured values for the frequency of use of the elevator 1.1.
- the processor P1 accordingly forms, together with at least one of the devices according to a) and the memory M11, a measuring device for the frequency of use of the elevator 1.1.
- the measured values for the frequency of use can be registered as a function of time.
- the measured values for the frequency of use can be stored in the memory M13.
- the processor P1 can issue commands which are transmitted to the elevator control 15.1 via the communication link 42.1, for example a command to carry out a test of the elevator 1.1.
- the processor P1 accordingly forms, together with the memory M11, a command generator for the elevator control 15.1.
- the processor P1 can register and evaluate the signals of the devices 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, 21.6, 22.1, 24.1, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1, which directly affect the respective Follow command according to c).
- the signals characterize a reaction of the elevator 1.1 to the respective command.
- the processor P1 accordingly forms, together with at least one of the above-mentioned devices and the memory M11, a registration device for reactions of the elevator 1.1.
- data can be stored in the memory M14 which specifies all possible target reactions of the elevator 1.1 and which are respectively assigned to the commands which can be given to the elevator control and which cause the respective target reactions.
- the processor P1 can determine the corresponding target response for the command given to the elevator control according to d) and compare a response registered according to d) with the target response.
- the processor P1 accordingly forms, together with the memories M11 and M14, a device for comparing a reaction with a target reaction, f)
- Estimates for the frequency of use of the elevator 1.1 can be stored in the memory M12. Estimates for the frequency of use for a certain period of time can be determined under control of the program P1.1, for example, from measured values for the frequency of use according to methods which are explained below.
- Signals from devices 28.1 or 28.2 can also be used to determine estimated values for the frequency of use. Signals from these devices provide information about the number of people approaching the elevator system or coming from the elevator system away or stay in an area on the elevator system.
- the frequency of use of the elevator will also change over time. If the devices 28.1 or 28.2 register a certain number of people approaching the elevator installation 1, it can be expected that the frequency of use will increase. In this case, for example, if a measured value for the frequency of use is known for a first period, an estimate of the frequency of use for a later period can be calculated from the measured value and the number of registered persons.
- the processor P1 can compare estimated values and measured values for the frequency of use and decide depending on a result of the comparison whether and, if so, when a command to carry out a test of elevator 1.1 according to c) should be given.
- device 30.2 includes a processor P2 and various components with which processor P2 can exchange data during operation: a communication interface 31.2 for communication with devices 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, 21.6, 22.2, 24.2, 25.2, 26.2, 27.2, 28.2 via a communication link 41.2, a communication interface 32.2 for communication with the elevator control 15.2, - a memory M21 for a program for checking the availability of the elevator 1.2 (hereinafter "program P1.2" called),
- a memory M22 for estimated values for a frequency of use of the elevator 1.2 a memory M23 for measured values for the frequency of use of the elevator 1.2
- the program P1.2 can run under the control of the processor P2.
- the P1.1 program and the P1.2 program are equivalent.
- the statements regarding program P1.1 in accordance with points a) -g) above apply accordingly to program P1.2, the functions of communication interfaces 31.2 and 32.2 of device 30.2 corresponding to the respective functions of communication interfaces 31.1 and 32.1 of device 30.1 ,
- the functions of the memories M21, M22, M23, M24 of the device 30.2 correspond to the respective function of the memories M11, M12, M13, M14.
- the processors P1 and P2 can be connected to one another via a communication link 35, as indicated in FIG. 2. Data can be exchanged between processors P1 and P2 via communication link 35. This is useful if elevators 1.1 and 1.2 are operated as a group of lifts with group control.
- the devices 30.1 and 30.2 can also be operated independently of one another.
- the program P1.1 or P1.2 can give several different commands for executing a test to the elevator control 15.1 or 15.2: for example a car call, a floor call and / or a travel command. Accordingly, various target reactions of the elevator 1.1 or 1.2 are taken into account: opening and closing a shaft door of the elevator installation and / or opening and closing a car door and / or a journey of a car from a predetermined floor to another predetermined floor.
- processors P1 and P2 are connected to a communication interface 33 for communication with a monitoring center 50 via a communication link 43. Should it be determined during operation of the devices 30.1 or 30.2 that one of the elevators 1.1 or 1.2 is not available, the processors P1 or P2 can communicate predetermined information to the monitoring center 50 via the communication link 43 in order to respond to this situation to point.
- Method A is explained using an example of an automatic check of the availability of elevator 1.1 using device 30.1.
- a usage model is assumed which is based on the following assumptions:
- the elevator 1.1 is used in a sequence of successive time periods ⁇ T (i) with the same duration t e (i) - t 0 (i).
- the index i (i--l) denotes the respective time intervals
- t 0 (i) denotes the time of the beginning of the period ⁇ T (i)
- t ⁇ (i) denotes the time of the end of the period ⁇ T (i). It is assumed that all uses take place under conditions that are repeated in a similar manner after the beginning of each of the periods ⁇ T (i).
- Such a usage model is realistic, for example, for an elevator system in a public building.
- the number of visitors to such a building and thus the number of users of the elevator system fluctuates on successive days - due to opening times, the habits of the visitors, etc. -in each case according to the same laws as a function of time.
- the number of users may be subject to day-to-day fluctuations that follow long-term trends, for example due to seasonal influences.
- an estimated value for the frequency of use for a certain period of time ⁇ T (n) can be obtained from measured values for the frequency of use for one or more earlier periods of time ⁇ T (i) with i ⁇ n using statistical methods.
- measured values for the frequency of use are determined as follows.
- the index marks the individual uses.
- the uses of the elevator 1.1 and the respective time t B (k) of a use are registered by means of the device 30.1.
- measured values N m (i, t) for a frequency of use of the elevator 1.1 are determined as follows.
- Each time period ⁇ T (i) with t 0 (i) ⁇ t ⁇ t e (i) is each divided into a predetermined number of, for example, m subintervals ⁇ T (i, j) of the same length d, where ⁇ T (ij) is defined as the time period
- N (i, j) denotes the number of uses that are registered in the partial intervals ⁇ T (ij).
- the measured value N m (i, t) for the frequency of use is now defined in accordance with
- N m (i, t) N (i, j) / d for t 0 (i) + (j-1) d ⁇ t ⁇ t 0 (i) + jd
- the measured value N m (i, t) of the usage frequency is accordingly determined as the quotient of the number of uses registered during the time interval ⁇ T (ij) and the duration of the time interval ⁇ T (ij).
- Method A provides for an estimate N s (i, t) for the frequency of use for a specific period of time ⁇ T (i) from measured values for the frequency of use for the periods of time ⁇ T (k) preceding the period of time ⁇ T (i) with k ⁇ i determine.
- the left side of the recursion formula defines estimates of the frequency of use as a function of time for the period ⁇ T (i + 1).
- the right side takes into account estimates and measurements for the frequency of use as a function of time for the period ⁇ T (i).
- the term ⁇ (i) on the right side of the recursion formula takes into account that the beginning of the period ⁇ T (i + 1) compared to the beginning of the period ⁇ T (i) by the duration of the period ⁇ T (i), i.e.
- the function F (i, t, ⁇ ) contains a parameter ⁇ , which can be selected appropriately for optimization purposes and determined empirically.
- the usage frequency measured for a period of time ⁇ T (i) is equal to the estimated value for the usage frequency for the following period of time ⁇ T (i + 1).
- the parameter ⁇ in the function F (i, t, ⁇ ) accordingly determines the weighting with which a measured value N m (i, t) for a time interval ⁇ T (i) in comparison with estimated values of the usage frequency for the periods ⁇ T (k) k ⁇ i influences the estimated value for the frequency of use N s (i + 1, t) for the following period ⁇ T (i + 1).
- the estimated values for the frequency of use for successive periods can be adapted to current trends, which change in the time dependence of the measured values for the frequency of use over the course of several successive periods Show ⁇ T (k) with k ⁇ i.
- the speed of convergence depends on the choice of the parameter ⁇ .
- the parameter ⁇ accordingly determines, among other things, how quickly the device 30.1 can determine realistic statistical data for uses of the elevator 1.1 during operation of the elevator 1.1 on the basis of method A. In the course of the convergence of the iteration, the device 30.1 thus goes through a "learning phase" during which it can collect and evaluate data about uses of the elevator 1.1.
- the above parameter ⁇ can additionally be optimized according to the criterion that the device 30.1 in operation based on the method A as few as possible
- Method A is explained below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
- 3 shows (arranged one above the other) two diagrams each as a function of time t.
- the upper diagram is assigned to the period ⁇ T (i) and the lower diagram to the period ⁇ T (i + 1).
- the diagrams show data for estimated values N s and measured values N m and minimum values N min , which are stored in the memories M12, M13 and M14. This data is recorded, managed and analyzed when the P1.1 program is run.
- the upper diagram in FIG. 3 shows an estimated value N s (i, t) for the frequency of use of the elevator 1.1, a corresponding measured value N m (i, t) for the frequency of use and a minimum value N m ⁇ n (i, t) for the frequency of use.
- the lower diagram in FIG. 3 shows an estimated value N s (i + 1, t) for the frequency of use of the elevator 1.1 and a minimum value N mi ⁇ (i + 1, t) for the frequency of use.
- the time axes of the diagrams are divided into 24 hours each.
- the diagrams indicate, by way of example, that elevator 1.1 is generally only used between 5 a.m. and 9 p.m.
- the estimated values N s (i, t) and N s (i + 1, t) are equal to 0 between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. According to the course of the curves N s (i, t) and N s ( Between 5 a.m. and 9 p.m., peak values of the frequency of use are temporarily expected in the morning, at noon and in the evening.
- the diagrams in FIG. 3 represent the estimated values N s , measured values N m and minimum values N min for a point in time at 4:00 p.m. during the period ⁇ T (i).
- N s the measured values
- N m the measured values
- N min minimum values
- FIG. 3 it is assumed that the measured values N m are just above 3:00 p.m. assume the value 0. Measured values for N m were therefore recorded between 3 and 4 p.m., but no uses of the elevator 1.1 were registered. For the time from 4 p.m. in the period ⁇ T (i), no measured values N m have yet been recorded.
- FIG. 4 shows the steps of method A in the form of a flow chart with method steps S1-12.
- the program P1.1 is started. Then continue with S2.
- step S2 the time period ⁇ T (i) with t 0 (i) ⁇ t t t e (i) is determined, in which the availability of the elevator 1.1 is to be checked. Then continue with S3.
- step S3 the estimated values N s (i, t) for the frequency of use of the elevator 1.1 for the period ⁇ T (i) are loaded from the memory M12 into the processor P1.
- method step S4 uses of the elevator 1.1 or the respective point in time t B (k) of each use (index k) are registered and measured values N m (i, t) for the frequency of use are determined as a function of time during the period ⁇ T (i) and stored in memory M13.
- Method steps S5, S7 and S12 run parallel to method step S4.
- step S5 the processor P1 checks whether the end of the period ⁇ T (i) with t 0 (i) ⁇ t ⁇ t e (i) has been reached. If so, then proceed to step S6 (path +). If no, then proceed to step S4 (path -).
- step S6 the index i is increased by 1. The previous steps from S2 are then repeated.
- step S7 it is checked whether the measured value N m (i, t) for the frequency of use of the elevator falls below the minimum value N min (i, t).
- N min (i, t) is a predetermined amount less than the respective estimated value N s (i + 1, t), as indicated in FIG. 3. If the measured value N m (i, t) for the frequency of use of the elevator falls below the minimum value N min (i, t), then step S8 continues (path +). If not, then proceed to step S4 (path -).
- step S8 a command to execute a test of the elevator 1.1 is given to the elevator control 15.1 (at the time t ⁇ ). The method is then continued with step S9.
- step S9 a reaction R of the elevator 1.1 is registered.
- step S10 the reaction R is compared with a target reaction R s . If the reaction R coincides with the target reaction R s , it can be assumed that the elevator 1.1 is available. In this case you can continue with S4 (path +). If the reaction R does not match the target reaction R s , it can be assumed that the elevator 1.1 is not available. In this case you can continue with S11 (path -).
- method step S11 it is communicated to the monitoring center 50 that the elevator 1.1 is not available. The process is then interrupted. If elevator 1.1 is available again, then the method can be continued with method step S1.
- method step S12 it is checked whether it is to be expected that - starting from a point in time t - an increase in the frequency of use by more than a predetermined amount ⁇ N S is expected within a period of time ⁇ t, ie (N m (t) ⁇ N s (t + ⁇ t) - ⁇ N S ). If an increase of more than ⁇ N S is expected, a command to execute a test according to method step S8 is given as a precaution (path +). If the latter is not the case, S4 is continued (path -).
- a second test at time t T (2) is due to method step S7.
- N min (i, t) the minimum value around 3 p.m.
- the estimated values N s (i + 1, t) for the period ⁇ T (i + 1) each have values that are greater than or equal to or smaller than the respective estimated values N s (i, t) for the period ⁇ T (i) are, depending on whether the measured values N m (i, t) are greater than or equal to or smaller than the corresponding estimated values N s (i, t) (assuming ⁇ > 0).
- the method A can be organized in such a way that the test according to method step S8 is not carried out in a predetermined time interval, for example if the elevator 1.1 is not used or is used only little, for example during a night.
- Procedure B
- Method B is explained using an example of an automatic check of the availability of elevator 1.1 using device 30.1.
- Method B is based on the following measures:
- Measure 3 corresponds to the estimation of a time interval between the last registered use and the next expected use.
- the reciprocal of this estimated time interval corresponds to an estimate of the frequency of use for a period immediately following the last registered use.
- FIG. 5 shows the steps of method B in the form of a flow chart with method steps S20-S33.
- the program P1.1 is started.
- step S21 a time period ⁇ T (i) with t 0 (i) ⁇ t ⁇ t e (i) is defined.
- the time period ⁇ T (i) can be predetermined as desired, especially since the device does not have any data regarding the use of the elevator 1.1 at the beginning of the method.
- the above size N s (i) can therefore show any large deviations from measured values for the frequency of use at the beginning of the method.
- step S22 it is checked whether the elevator is used in the period ⁇ T (i). If the elevator is not used until the end of this period, ie before the time t e (i), method step S24 continues. If use takes place up to the time t e (i), the time t B of the use is registered and continued with method step S30.
- step S24 a command to execute a test of the elevator 1.1 is given to the elevator control 15.1 (at the time t ⁇ ). The method is then continued with step S25.
- a reaction R of the elevator 1.1 is registered in method step S25.
- step S26 the reaction R is compared with a target reaction R s . If the reaction R does not match the target reaction R s , it can be assumed that the elevator 1.1 is not available. In this case, it can continue with method step S27 (path -). If the reaction R coincides with the target reaction R s , it can be assumed that the elevator 1.1 is available. In this case it can be assumed that the estimated value N s (i) defined according to method step S21 is too large compared to the frequency of use in real operation. The method can be continued with method step S28 (path +).
- method step S27 it is communicated to the monitoring center 50 that the elevator 1.1 is not available. The process is then interrupted. If elevator 1.1 is available again, then the method can be continued with method step S20.
- Method step S28 According to method step 26, there is a reason to assume that the estimated value N s (i) for the frequency of use is too high in comparison to the frequency of use of the elevator in real operation. It is assumed that a realistic estimate for the frequency of use would be smaller by a factor a ⁇ 1 than the above value N s (i). This assumption is checked in a subsequent iteration step.
- the beginning and end of a period of time ⁇ T (i + 1) following the period of time ⁇ T (i) are determined with t 0 (i + 1) ⁇ t ⁇ t e (i + 1).
- the method can then be carried out with method step S33 be continued.
- step S30 it is checked whether the point in time t B of the use in a
- Time interval of the duration ⁇ t is at the end of the period ⁇ T (i), ie it is checked whether the condition t 8 (i) - ⁇ t ⁇ t B ⁇ t ⁇ (i) is fulfilled. If so, the method continues with method step S31 (path +). If no, then proceed to step S32 (path -).
- the duration ⁇ t can be changed depending on the duration of the time period ⁇ T (i), for example in such a way that ⁇ t is always less than a certain fraction of the difference t e (i) - t 0 (i). In the course of the iteration, this leads to a dynamic adaptation of the method to changed conditions, for example if the frequency of use of the elevator varies greatly over time.
- step S31 it is assumed that the estimated value N s (i) for the frequency of use specified in step S21 corresponds to the frequency of use of the elevator in real operation. This assumption is checked in the next iteration step. First, the beginning and end of a period of time ⁇ T (i + 1) following the period of time ⁇ T (i) are determined with t 0 (i + 1) ⁇ t ⁇ t e (i + 1).
- step S32 it is assumed that the estimated value N s (i) for the frequency of use is too small compared to the frequency of use of the elevator in real operation. This assumption is checked in the next iteration step. First, the beginning and end of a period of time ⁇ T (i + 1) following the period of time ⁇ T (i) are determined with t 0 (i + 1) ⁇ t ⁇ t ⁇ (i + 1).
- step S33 the index i is increased by 1. Subsequently, the previous steps from step S21 are repeated.
- the quantity N s (i) converges more or less quickly against the frequency of use of the elevator in real operation when the method steps S21 to S33 are used repeatedly. Rapid changes in the frequency of use as a function of time can be quickly recognized when the process steps S21-S32 are carried out.
- a test in accordance with method step S24 is only initiated if an expected next use is unexpectedly long (method step S22).
- method B Another advantage of method B can be seen in the fact that processor P1 only has to take a small amount of data into account in each iteration step: During an iteration step, only three different points in time have to be taken into account (start and end of the period ⁇ T (i) according to method step S21 and the time t B of the last use.
- no statistical data for uses over long periods of time need to be recorded and stored, therefore less memory space is required to carry out method B (this relates to memories M12, M13, M22 and M23
- the processor requires less computing time
- Method B can be organized in such a way that the test according to method step S24 is not carried out in a predetermined time interval, for example if elevator 1.1 is not used or is used only little, for example during one night.
Landscapes
- Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
- Elevator Control (AREA)
- Elevator Door Apparatuses (AREA)
- Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05706551.8A EP1720789B1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-03-04 | Method and device for automatically testing the availability of an elevator |
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EP04405130 | 2004-03-05 | ||
EP05706551.8A EP1720789B1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-03-04 | Method and device for automatically testing the availability of an elevator |
PCT/CH2005/000132 WO2005085112A2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-03-04 | Method and device for automatic checking of availability of a technical device in or on a building |
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EP1720789A2 true EP1720789A2 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
EP1720789B1 EP1720789B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
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EP05706551.8A Active EP1720789B1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-03-04 | Method and device for automatically testing the availability of an elevator |
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US (2) | US7370732B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1720789B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4757506B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100515901C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005201010B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0500803B1 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2499299C (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05002393A (en) |
NO (1) | NO337707B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ538516A (en) |
SG (1) | SG114788A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI334850B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005085112A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200501470B (en) |
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ZA200501470B (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2006-04-26 | Inventio Ag | Method and device for automatic checking of the availability of a lift installation |
WO2009109471A1 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-11 | Inventio Ag | Lift system and method for servicing such a lift system |
JP5826073B2 (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2015-12-02 | 東芝エレベータ株式会社 | Elevator group management system |
EP2986546B1 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2018-09-26 | KONE Corporation | A call allocating method, a group controller and an elevator group |
TWI607949B (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2017-12-11 | 利愛電氣股份有限公司 | Test method for braking system of elevator |
US10540728B2 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2020-01-21 | Husqvarna Ab | Locating substitute construction tools within a construction worksite |
WO2019116515A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Retrieval system and monitoring system |
KR20220051253A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-04-26 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Vibration measuring device and management system for building equipment |
CN113336034A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-03 | 山西省检验检测中心(山西省标准计量技术研究院) | Elevator load test method based on liquid flow accurate control |
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- 2005-02-24 NZ NZ538516A patent/NZ538516A/en unknown
- 2005-03-02 TW TW094106249A patent/TWI334850B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-02 MX MXPA05002393A patent/MXPA05002393A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-02 US US11/070,610 patent/US7370732B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-03 CA CA2499299A patent/CA2499299C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-04 SG SG200501361A patent/SG114788A1/en unknown
- 2005-03-04 EP EP05706551.8A patent/EP1720789B1/en active Active
- 2005-03-04 US US10/598,587 patent/US7665581B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-04 WO PCT/CH2005/000132 patent/WO2005085112A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-04 AU AU2005201010A patent/AU2005201010B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-03-04 NO NO20051180A patent/NO337707B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-04 CA CA2557723A patent/CA2557723C/en active Active
- 2005-03-04 BR BRPI0500803A patent/BRPI0500803B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-07 CN CNB2005100541569A patent/CN100515901C/en active Active
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CA2557723C (en) | 2012-08-14 |
CA2557723A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US7370732B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 |
NO20051180L (en) | 2005-09-06 |
EP1720789B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
TWI334850B (en) | 2010-12-21 |
MXPA05002393A (en) | 2005-10-06 |
ZA200501470B (en) | 2006-04-26 |
US7665581B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 |
WO2005085112A2 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
JP2005247583A (en) | 2005-09-15 |
WO2005085112A3 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
AU2005201010B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
CN1663903A (en) | 2005-09-07 |
CN100515901C (en) | 2009-07-22 |
US20070174065A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
BRPI0500803B1 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
CA2499299A1 (en) | 2005-09-05 |
BRPI0500803A (en) | 2005-10-18 |
SG114788A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
NZ538516A (en) | 2005-07-29 |
US20050241887A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
NO337707B1 (en) | 2016-06-06 |
NO20051180D0 (en) | 2005-03-04 |
JP4757506B2 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
TW200531913A (en) | 2005-10-01 |
CA2499299C (en) | 2012-10-16 |
AU2005201010A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
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