EP1716293A1 - Structure for transporting, installing and dismantling the elements of a fixed oil platform and methods for using said structure - Google Patents

Structure for transporting, installing and dismantling the elements of a fixed oil platform and methods for using said structure

Info

Publication number
EP1716293A1
EP1716293A1 EP04816494A EP04816494A EP1716293A1 EP 1716293 A1 EP1716293 A1 EP 1716293A1 EP 04816494 A EP04816494 A EP 04816494A EP 04816494 A EP04816494 A EP 04816494A EP 1716293 A1 EP1716293 A1 EP 1716293A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shuttle
bridge
hull
support column
lifting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04816494A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1716293B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Armand Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technip Energies France SAS
Original Assignee
Technip France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technip France SAS filed Critical Technip France SAS
Priority to EP07002269A priority Critical patent/EP1798342B1/en
Publication of EP1716293A1 publication Critical patent/EP1716293A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1716293B1 publication Critical patent/EP1716293B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/28—Barges or lighters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0818—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with racks actuated by pinions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0052—Removal or dismantling of offshore structures from their offshore location
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a fixed petroleum platform for exploitation at sea, comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column. It further relates to methods of transport, installation and dismantling of the framework elements of a fixed oil platform.
  • a fixed petroleum platform which includes a bridge carrying in particular the operating equipment and the living quarters. The bridge is supported by a support column anchored on the seabed. So far, there are two main methods of transporting, installing and dismantling the frame elements of a fixed oil platform.
  • the first method consists in using lifting cranes mounted on barges to deposit the support column on the seabed and to transfer the deck from the platform of the transport boat to this support column.
  • This method which is the most widely used to date, has limitations.
  • the first of these limitations is the capacity of the lifting cranes, which can impose the construction of the bridge in several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installing and dismantling the bridge. of the oil rig.
  • the second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires having a relatively large favorable time window in order to be able to carry out the various transfer operations at sea in good conditions. Thus, this method is difficult to apply without a considerable increase in cost in areas where the time windows are relatively short, such as in the North Sea.
  • the second method consists of installing the support column on the seabed by lifting cranes and installing the deck of the oil platform in one piece on the support column by floating it above it. Then, the bridge is placed on this support column either by a ballasting / deballasting system, or by a mechanical system.
  • a ballasting system the deck of the platform is supported either by a floating support constituted for example by a barge, pontoons or by a floating support in the shape of a U, or by means of a structure associated with this floating support.
  • the superstructure can be ballasted or deballasted, it is known to use for dismantling the deck of the oil platform, the deballasting of the floating support and the ballasting of the superstructure.
  • ballasting or deballasting have drawbacks which mainly reside in the fact that they impose a complex structure at the level of the caissons or the pumps and a very precise control of filling and emptying of the caissons to maintain the stability of the floating support. during the operation.
  • the speed of the operation depends on the ballasting and load shedding capacity of these boxes of the floating supports which is generally relatively low so that the speed of the operation is thereby limited in particular when the superstructure is anchored on the seabed. .
  • ballasting / deballasting system is the use of a mechanical system to raise or lower the platform bridge. Petroleum form. These systems allow the installation or dismantling of the oil platform bridge to be carried out more quickly than the systems previously mentioned.
  • a system which comprises two barges supporting the deck of the oil platform by means of two pivoting structures.
  • winches and cables is used to ensure the stability of the system and to control the descent and ascent of the deck of the oil platform. By operating these winches, we control the distance of the barges thus allowing the ascent or descent of the bridge.
  • WO 03/080425 also discloses a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform which comprises a floating hull in the shape of a "U" and a shuttle for supporting the bridge and movable along the legs by the shell.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a structure for transporting, installing or dismantling a fixed petroleum platform for exploitation at sea which is designed to simplify and reduce the duration of dismantling of said platform, while by allowing significant time savings and avoiding all risks of environmental pollution and increasing the safety of the personnel responsible for carrying out the various operations.
  • the subject of the invention is a structure for dismantling and transporting a fixed oil platform for exploitation in sea comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column, said structure comprising: - a floating hull in the shape of a "U" equipped with at least three lifting legs of this hull and adapted to take support on the seabed, each lifting leg being associated with mechanical displacement means housed in a supporting frame of said hull, and - a shuttle movable along the lifting legs and intended to move one of the frame elements of the platform -form, characterized in that the shuttle is formed of at least three elements each associated with a lifting leg and each comprising, on the one hand, mechanical drive means on the corresponding lifting leg independently of the shell of the structure and, on the other hand, means of connection with the framework element to be moved from the platform.
  • each element of the shuttle comprises a vertical guide branch on the corresponding supporting frame of the hull and comprising at its upper part a horizontal branch for supporting the mechanical means for driving said element on the corresponding leg
  • the mechanical drive means of each element comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates carried by each vertical member of the corresponding lifting leg and each comprising, on each lateral face, a series of teeth and, on the other hand, at least two opposite assemblies, carried by the horizontal branch of said element and each formed by a pinion driven in rotation and cooperating with one of the series of teeth
  • the means of connection with the framework element formed by the platform bridge comprise at least one horizontal support plate for this bridge and disposed at the lower part of the branch vertical of each element of the shuttle
  • the means of connection with the framework element formed by a support column of the platform comprise, at the level of each element of the shuttle, a linear and vertical traction member, formed by a chain or a cable and two locking assemblies of said traction member, one of said assemblies being carried by said element and the other of these
  • the invention also relates to a method of dismantling and transport as well as a method of transport and installation of a frame element of a fixed oil platform, formed by a bridge.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of dismantling and transport as well as a method of transport and installation of a framework element of a fixed oil platform, formed by a section of a support column. .
  • the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which: - FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a fixed oil platform in the operating position, - FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a transport, installation and dismantling structure in accordance with the invention, - FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an element of the shuttle of the structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 3
  • - Fig. 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of FIG. 3
  • - Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a locking assembly of a linear traction member and equipping the structure according to the invention
  • - Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the structure according to the invention
  • - Figs. 8A to 8H are diagrams showing the different stages of the method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform by means of the structure according to the invention
  • FIGS. 9A to 9K are diagrams showing the different stages of the dismantling and transport process of a support column of a fixed oil platform by means of a structure according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown schematically a fixed oil platform designated as a whole by the reference 1 and comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge 2 provided with the operating equipment and usual living quarters and a support column 3 on which the bridge 2 rests.
  • the base of this column 3 is anchored to the seabed 4 by anchoring members 5.
  • a structure is used designated by the general reference 10 and shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • the general dimensions of the structure as well as the proportions between the various elements making up this structure 10 have not necessarily been respected in order to simplify the understanding of the drawing.
  • the structure 10 comprises a floating hull 11 in the shape of a "U” fitted with lifting legs 12 of this hull 11 and adapted to bear on the seabed 4.
  • the hull 11 has two lateral portions 11a and a connecting portion 11b connecting the two lateral portions 11a.
  • the shell 11 is equipped with three lifting legs 12 distributed in a triangle, one leg 12 being placed on each lateral portion 11a and one leg 12 being placed on the connecting portion 11b.
  • the shell 11 can be equipped with four lifting legs 12 arranged in pairs on each lateral branch 11a of said shell 11.
  • Each leg 12 ends, at its lower end, by a shoe 13 intended to bear on the seabed 4.
  • each of these legs 12 has, in this embodiment, a triangular section.
  • These legs 12 can also have a square or circular section.
  • Each leg 12 is formed of three frames 14 connected together by a lattice of metal beams 15. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, each leg 12 is associated with mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11. For each leg 12, the mechanical means 20 are housed in a support frame 16, also called by specialists "Jack-house” , which is supported by the shell 11. As shown in these Figs. 3 and 4, each member 14 of each leg 12 has two opposite plates 21 each comprising, on each side face, a series of teeth 22 forming with the two members 14 a double rack.
  • the mechanical displacement means 20 of the shell 11 comprise several assemblies 25 distributed on either side of each plate 21, according to the height of the latter.
  • Each assembly 25 comprises a geared motor group 26 ensuring the drive of a pinion 27 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.
  • the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with six pinions 27 each driven in rotation by a geared motor group 26.
  • the structure 10 also includes a shuttle designated by the general reference 30 which is movable along legs 12 independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10 and which is intended to move the framework elements of the platform 1, that is to say either the bridge 2, or the support column 3, as will be seen later.
  • the shuttle 30 is composed of independent elements 31, the number of which corresponds to the number of legs 12 of the structure 10.
  • the shuttle 30 consists of three independent elements 31, each associated with a lifting leg 12.
  • each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprises mechanical means 40 for driving on the corresponding lifting leg 12, independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10, as well as means of connection with the framework element 2 or 3 to be moved from the platform
  • the element 31 comprises a vertical branch 32 for guiding on the support frame 16 of the shell 11 and which is therefore in abutment on a vertical wall 16a of this support frame 16.
  • the element 31 also includes a horizontal branch 33 which comprises a central opening 34 for the passage of the corresponding leg 12.
  • This horizontal branch 33 is disposed at the upper part of the vertical branch 32 and supports the mechanical means 40 for driving said element 31 on the leg 12.
  • the mechanical means 40 for driving each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12 operate independently mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11 and these means 40 of all the elements 31 operate in synchronization with each other so as to obtain the same movement of each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12.
  • the mechanical means 40 for moving each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprise several assemblies 41 distributed on either side of each plate 21 of the frame 14, according to the height of the latter.
  • Each assembly 41 comprises a geared motor group 42 ensuring the drive of a pinion 43 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.
  • the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with four pinions 43 each driven in rotation by a geared motor group 42.
  • the vertical wall 16a of the supporting frame 16 forming a guide for the vertical displacement of the corresponding element 31 is extended, at its upper part, by a vertical plate 17 on which the element 31 slides so as to increase the height vertical displacement of this element 31.
  • each element 31 of the shuttle 30 with the frame element 2 or 3 to be moved are for each of said elements 31 of two kinds.
  • the connecting means associated with an element 31 of the shuttle 30 is constituted by a horizontal plate 50 for supporting the bridge 2 during its transport, as will be seen later.
  • the second of these means intended to move the support column 3 is constituted by a linear and vertical traction member 51, formed by a chain or a cable.
  • the traction member 51 is constituted by a chain.
  • the chain 51 can be wound on a drum 52 placed in the shell 11 of the structure 10 and comprises a first rising part 51a which crosses the supporting frame 16 of the shell 11, the horizontal branch 33 of the element 31 and opens at the upper part of the vertical branch 31 of the element 30.
  • the chain 51 passes over a deflection pulley 53 and has a descending part 51b which crosses the vertical branch 32 of the element 31 and runs along the shell 11 where it is guided by a pulley 54 fixed to this shell 11.
  • the end of the chain 51 is equipped with a hooking system 55, of known type, on the support column 3 during its movement.
  • the chain 51 is associated with two locking assemblies 60 and
  • the locking assembly 60 is formed of two sub-assemblies, respectively 61a and 61b, identical and symmetrical.
  • the first sub-assembly 61a is formed by a lock 62a pivotally mounted on a base 63a around a horizontal axis 64a carried by the base 63a.
  • the tilting of the lock 62a between a raised position and a lowered position is controlled by a jack 65a, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, one end of which is secured to the base 63a and the other end of which is secured to the lock 62a.
  • the second sub-assembly 61b is constituted by a lock 62b mounted tiltably on a base 63b around a horizontal axis 64b carried by said base 63b.
  • the tilting of the lock 62b between a lowered position and a raised position is controlled by a jack 65b, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, one end of which is secured to the base 63b and the other end of which is secured to the lock 62b.
  • the opening of the "U" of the shell 11 of the structure 10 can be closed off by an independent branch 70 which optionally carries a crane 71 making it possible to move modules of the oil platform 1 or of another platform shape next to which the transport structure 10 can be installed.
  • this branch 70 can be installed by a barge, not shown, ballastable / deballastable and can be locked, then unlocked from the hull 11 of the structure 10.
  • the transport of the deck 2 of the oil platform 1 by the structure 10 between an operating site and a quay of a port is produced in the following manner.
  • the structure 10 without the complementary branch 70 is brought by floating below the bridge 2 of the platform 1 by positioning the support column 3 of this bridge 2 in the space in the shape of "U" formed between the lateral portions 11a of the shell 11.
  • the lifting legs 12 are in the retracted position and the shoes 13 are arranged below the shell 11.
  • the horizontal branches 50 of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are in low position substantially at the level of the shell 11, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the geared motor groups 26 and 42, respectively of the shell 11 and of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30, are actuated to rotate the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12 in order to bring the hooves 13 into contact with the seabed 4, as shown in FIG. 8B.
  • the hull 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 move upwards along the legs 12, under the effect of the drive in rotation of the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of the lifting legs 12.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are applied against the underside of the deck 2 and the drive of the pinions 27 and 43 is stopped (Fig. 8C).
  • the first consists in locking the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, in bringing the hull 11 into flotation in order to reduce the forces in these lifting legs 12 and the seabed 4, in separating the support column 3 from the bridge 2 and to lift the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22, as shown in FIG. 8E.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 may not be lifted by the pinions 43, but locked on the lifting legs 12.
  • Lifting elements 31 and the bridge 11 can then be carried out passively during the ascent of these lifting legs 12.
  • the second variant consists in locking the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, cutting a section of the support column 3 of sufficient length, to remove this section in order to separate the bridge 2 from the rest of the support column 3 and to bring the hull 11 into flotation.
  • the third consists of separating the support column 3 from the bridge 2, lifting the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by means of the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22, then locking these elements 31 on lifting legs 12 and, finally, lower the hull 11 into flotation (Fig. 8D).
  • the fourth variant consists in separating the support column 3 from the deck 2, lifting the elements 31 of the shuttle 3 and the hull 11, locking these elements 31 on the lifting legs 12 and bringing the hull 11 into flotation.
  • the pinions 27 are still driven in rotation which causes, by reaction, due to the depression of the hull 11 in the water, the lifting of the lifting legs 12 (Fig. 8E ).
  • the hull 11 supporting the deck 2 via the shuttle 30 is released from the operating site on which the support column 3 is still in place.
  • the elements 31 are unlocked from the lifting legs 12 and are lowered by the drive in the opposite direction of the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 to bring these elements 31 supporting the bridge 2 substantially to the level of the hull 11 ( Fig. 8F).
  • the structure 10 transports the deck 2 by flotation, as shown in FIG. 8G. During this transport, the lateral stabilization of the bridge 2 on the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 can be ensured by jacks, not shown, which are in contact with the lateral faces of this bridge 2.
  • the structure 10 according to the invention can also be used for the installation of a bridge 2 on a support column 3 by carrying out substantially the same operations in a reverse direction.
  • the structure 10 also allows the dismantling of a support column 3.
  • the structure 10 After having removed the bridge 2 from the support column 3, the structure 10 is brought by floating around the support column 3, as shown in FIG. 9A. Then, the gear motor groups 26 and 42 are actuated to rotate the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12 in order to bring the shoes 13 into contact with the bottom. sailor 4. As soon as the hooves 13 are in contact with the seabed 4, the hull 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 move upwards, along the legs 12, under the effect of the rotational drive of the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22. The shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are thus positioned above the water level.
  • the free ends of the chains 51 are connected by the attachment systems 55 to the support column 3 and this support column 3 is separated at level A (FIG. 9B), from its part anchored in the seabed 4.
  • the end upper section of the support column 3 is attached by cables 56 to the shell 11 and these cables 56 are wound on drums 57 so as to allow their extension.
  • the locking assembly 60 of each element 31 of the shuttle 30 is actuated by tilting the locks so as to secure the chains 51 and, therefore, the support column 3 of these elements 31.
  • the locking assemblies 65 are in the open position to allow the chains 51 to slide.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are raised by rotating the pinions 43 by means of the geared motors groups 42 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12.
  • the section of the support column 3 is also raised.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are first of all guided towards the vertical wall 16a of the supporting frame 16 of the shell 11 and by the plates 17, as shown in FIG. 9C.
  • the locking assemblies 65 are actuated in order to lock the chains 51 and to secure these chains 51 to the shell 11.
  • the locking assemblies 60 are opened by tilting the latches of so as to release the chains 51 from the elements 31 of the shuttle 30.
  • These elements 31 are lowered so as to bring them back substantially to the level of the shell 11, as shown in FIG. 9D.
  • the chains 51 are again secured to the elements 31 by locking the assemblies 60 and these chains 51 are released from the shell 11 by opening the assemblies 65.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted so as to also lift the section of the column support 3 and these operations are repeated to gradually lift this section, as shown in FIG. 9E.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 carrying the section of the support column 3 are brought substantially to the level of the shell 11 (FIG. 9F) and the assembly formed by the shuttle 30 and the shell 11 is lowered to bring this shell 11 in buoyancy, as shown in FIG. 9G.
  • the legs 12 are raised and the structure 10 carrying the support column 3 is removed from the operating site by flotation (Fig. 9G).
  • the structure 10 carrying the section of the support column 3 is brought by flotation to a site for loading this section on a barge 80.
  • the lifting legs 12 are applied to the seabed 4 by rotating the pinions 27 and 43 by the geared motors 26 and 42 and when the lifting legs 12 are in contact with the seabed 4, the hull 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted in order to bring the lower end of the section of the support column 3 above the water level as shown in Fig. 9H.
  • the barge 80 is brought below this section and said section is placed on the barge 80, then the chains 51 and the cables 56 are disconnected from the section of the support column 3 (Fig. 91).
  • the hull 11 is then brought into flotation (Fig.
  • the legs 12 are raised to allow the structure 10 to be used for a new transfer operation of the remaining part of the support column 3.
  • the barge 80 carrying the section of the support column 3 is brought to a dismantling quay and this section is transferred to this quay, as shown in FIG. 9K.
  • the structure 10 can also be used to remove the lower part of the support column 3 or, if possible, to remove the whole of the support column 3 in a single operation.
  • this structure 10 can also be used for the installation of a support column 3 of an oil platform on an exploitation site by carrying out substantially the same operations in reverse. Generally, the order of certain stages of the dismantling of the bridge or of the support column can be reversed according to the conditions of dismantling.
  • the structure according to the invention has the advantage of being able to transport both the bridge and the support column of an oil platform directly from the operating site to a fixed site where disassembly can be carried out safely, without risk pollution of the marine environment or vice versa between a fixed site and an operating site.
  • the various stages of transfer and transport are carried out without any ballasting operation, thus making it possible to achieve a significant saving of time which is appreciable in regions where the atmospheric conditions are very rapidly changing.

Abstract

The shuttle is made of at least three elements (31), each connected to a lifting leg and each containing mechanical means of independently driving the hull of the structure along the corresponding lifting leg. Each element also has means of connecting the structural element of the platform to be moved. The platform comprises skeletal elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one supporting column. The structure comprises a U-shaped floating hull (11) with at least three legs (12) for lifting the hull by pressing on the seabed. Each lifting leg has mechanical means of displacement (20) placed in a structure (16) carrying the hull. A shuttle (30) which can be moved along the legs is designed to move one of the structural elements of the platform. Each element of the shuttle has a vertical guiding branch on the bearing structure and a horizontal branch supporting the driving mechanism on the corresponding leg. The driving mechanism for each element comprises two opposing plates (21) carried by each rib of the corresponding lifting leg, each with a series of teeth (22), and at least two opposed assemblies (42, 43) on the horizontal branch made of a pinion driven round and acting with one set of teeth. The means of connecting to the bridge of the platform are at least one horizontal plate supporting the bridge and placed at the lower part of the vertical branch of each element of the shuttle. Alternatively, the means of connecting to the bridge of the platform include a vertical linear traction system at the level of each shuttle element, formed by a chain or cable and two assemblies for locking this traction system. One of the assemblies is on the element and the other is on the hull for a step by step vertical displacement of the support column by successive locking of the assemblies. Each locking assembly is made of two opposed screws which can be vertically basculed relative to each other between a free and a blocking position. An independent branch of the structure can close the opening of the hull and locks onto the hull. An independent claim is made for a method of dismantling and transporting a structural element of a fixed oil platform comprising a bridge, between the oilfield and a dismounting quay, where a structure as described above is placed under the bridge; its legs are pushed against the seabed to lift the hull and the shuttle to bring the shuttle into contact with the bridge. The shuttle is locked onto the lifting legs and the hull is lowered to allow it to float. The bridge is separated from its support column and lifted by the shuttle as the lifting legs are raised. The structure supporting the bridge is dismantled to disengage the bridge from the support column. The shuttle is lowered to put the bridge on the hull and the structure is floated to a dismantling quay or a site for offloading onto a barge. The lifting legs are applied to the seabed to stabilise the hull and the bridge is freed from the structure and discharged onto the quay or barge.

Description

Structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement des éléments d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe et procédés de mise en œuvre d'une telle structure. La présente invention concerne une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer comportant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont et au moins une colonne support. Elle concerne en outre des procédés de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement des éléments d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe. Pour l'exploitation pétrolière, il est connu de placer au-dessus d'un gisement pétrolifère, une plate-forme pétrolière fixe qui comprend un pont portant notamment les équipements d'exploitation et les locaux d'habitation. Le pont est soutenu par une colonne support ancré sur le fond marin. Jusqu'à présent, il existe deux grandes méthodes de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement des éléments d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe. La première méthode consiste à utiliser des grues de levage montées sur des barges pour déposer sur le fond marin la colonne support et pour transférer le pont de la plate-forme du bateau de transport sur cette colonne support. Cette méthode qui est jusqu'à maintenant le plus répandue présente des limitations. En effet, la première de ces limitations est la capacité des grues de levage qui peuvent imposer de réaliser le pont en plusieurs éléments ce qui augmente de manière importante le coût de fabrication de ce pont et le coût de l'installation et du démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière. La seconde limitation réside dans le fait que cette méthode impose d'avoir une fenêtre de temps favorable relativement importante pour pouvoir réaliser les différentes opérations de transfert en mer dans de bonnes conditions. Ainsi, cette méthode est difficilement applicable sans une augmentation considérable du coût dans les zones où les fenêtres de temps sont relativement courtes, comme par exemple dans la mer du Nord. La deuxième méthode consiste à installer la colonne support sur le fond marin par des grues de levage et à installer le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière en un seul bloc sur la colonne support en le faisant flotter au-dessus de celle-ci. Ensuite, le pont est disposé sur cette colonne support soit par un système de ballastage/déballastage, soit par un système mécanique. Dans le cas d'un système de ballastage, le pont de la plate-forme est supporté soit par un support flottant constitué par exemple par une barge, des pontons ou par un support flottant en forme de U, soit par l'intermédiaire d'une structure associée à ce support flottant. Dans le cas où la superstructure peut être ballastée ou déballastée, il est connu d'utiliser pour le démantèlement du pont de la plate- forme pétrolière, le déballastage du support flottant et le ballastage de la superstructure. La superstructure ayant une grande capacité de ballastage, l'opération de démantèlement peut se dérouler relativement rapidement. Dans le cas d'une superstructure ancrée sur le fond marin, seule la capacité de déballastage du support flottant peut être utilisée. Cette capacité étant limitée, l'opération se déroule lentement. Les systèmes utilisant le ballastage ou le déballastage présentent des inconvénients qui résident principalement dans le fait qu'ils imposent une structure complexe au niveau des caissons ou des pompes et un contrôle très précis de remplissage et de vidage des caissons pour maintenir la stabilité du support flottant pendant l'opération. La vitesse de l'opération dépend de la capacité de ballastage et de délestage de ces caissons des supports flottants qui est généralement relativement faible si bien que la vitesse de l'opération s'en trouve limitée notamment lorsque la superstructure est ancrée sur le fond marin. De plus, au cours de cette opération, les conditions de mer doivent être favorables afin d'effectuer cette opération dans de bonnes conditions. Une alternative au système de ballastage/déballastage est l'utilisation d'un système mécanique pour monter ou abaisser le pont de la plate- forme pétrolière. Ces systèmes permettent de réaliser l'opération d'installation ou de démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière plus rapidement que les systèmes précédemment mentionnés. A cet effet, il est connu un système qui comprend deux barges supportant le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière par l'intermédiaire de deux structures pivotantes. De plus, un système de treuils et câbles est utilisé pour assurer la stabilité du système et contrôler la descente et la montée du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière. En actionnant ces treuils, on contrôle l'éloignement des barges permettant ainsi la montée ou la descente du pont. Mais, ce type de système mécanique présente une stabilité très précaire et il est bien souvent incompatible avec une utilisation en pleine mer. Un autre système mécanique consiste en un système de pignons- crémaillères pour monter ou descendre le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière. D'une manière générale, les systèmes mécaniques utilisés jusqu'à présent pour réaliser l'installation et le démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière sont plus rapides que les systèmes de ballastage ou déballastage, mais ils dépendent des conditions de mer ce qui rend difficile leur utilisation dans des zones où les fenêtres de temps favorables sont relativement courtes. On connaît également dans la demande WO 03/080425 une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plateforme pétrolière fixe qui comporte une coque flottante en forme de "U" et une navette de support du pont et déplaçable le long des jambes par la coque. L'invention a pour but de proposer une structure de transport, d'installation ou de démantèlement d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer qui est conçue pour simplifier et diminuer la durée de démantèlement de ladite plate-forme, tout en permettant d'obtenir un gain de temps important et d'éviter tous risques de pollution de l'environnement et d'augmenter la sécurité du personnel chargé d'effectuer les différentes opérations. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une structure de démantèlement et de transport d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer comportant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont et au moins une colonne support, ladite structure comprenant : - une coque flottante en forme de "U" équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage de cette coque et adaptées pour prendre appui sur le fond marin, chaque jambe de levage étant associée à des moyens mécaniques de déplacement logés dans une ossature porteuse de ladite coque, et - une navette déplaçable le long des jambes de levage et destinée à déplacer un des éléments d'ossature de la plate-forme, caractérisée en ce que la navette est formée d'au moins trois éléments associés chacun à une jambe de levage et comportant chacun, d'une part, des moyens mécaniques d'entraînement sur la jambe de levage correspondante indépendamment de la coque de la structure et, d'autre part, des moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature à déplacer de la plate-forme. Suivant des modes particuliers de mise en œuvre : - chaque élément de la navette comprend une branche verticale de guidage sur l'ossature porteuse correspondante de la coque et comportant à sa partie supérieure une branche horizontale de support des moyens mécaniques d'entraînement dudit élément sur la jambe correspondante, - les moyens mécaniques d'entraînement de chaque élément comprennent, d'une part, deux plaques opposées portées par chaque membrure verticale de la jambe de levage correspondante et comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents et, d'autre part, au moins deux ensembles opposés, portés par la branche horizontale dudit élément et formés chacun par un pignon entraîné en rotation et coopérant avec l'une des séries de dents, - les moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature formé par le pont de la plate-forme comprennent au moins une plaque horizontale de support de ce pont et disposée à la partie inférieure de la branche verticale de chaque élément de la navette, - les moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature formé par une colonne support de la plate-forme comprennent, au niveau de chaque élément de la navette, un organe de traction linéaire et vertical, formé par une chaîne ou un câble et deux ensembles de verrouillage dudit organe de traction, l'un desdits ensemble étant porté par ledit élément et l'autre de ces ensembles étant porté par la coque pour un déplacement vertical pas à pas de la colonne de support par verrouillage successif desdits ensembles de verrouillage, - chaque ensemble de verrouillage est formé par deux verrous opposés et basculables verticalement l'un vers l'autre entre une position de libération de l'organe de traction et une position de blocage de cet organe de traction, - la structure comporte une branche indépendante d'obturation de l'ouverture de la coque et verrouillable sur ladite coque. L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de démantèlement et de transport ainsi qu'un procédé de transport et d'installation d'un élément d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe, formé par un pont. L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de démantèlement et de transport ainsi qu'un procédé de transport et d'installation d'un élément d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe, formé par un tronçon d'une colonne support. L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels : - la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en élévation d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe en position d'exploitation, - la Fig. 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement conforme à l'invention, - la Fig. 3 est une vue schématique de côté d'un élément de la navette de la structure conforme à l'invention, - la Fig. 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la Fig. 3, - la Fig. 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 5-5 de la Fig. 3, - la Fig. 6 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un ensemble de verrouillage d'un organe de traction linéaire et équipant la structure conforme à l'invention, - la Fig. 7 est une vue schématique de dessus de la structure conforme à l'invention, - les Figs. 8A à 8H sont des schémas montrant les différentes étapes du procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe au moyen de la structure conforme à l'invention, - les Figs. 9A à 9K sont des schémas montrant les différentes étapes du procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'une colonne support d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe au moyen d'une structure conforme à l'invention. Sur la Fig. 1, on a représenté schématiquement une plate-forme pétrolière fixe désignée dans son ensemble par la référence 1 et comprenant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont 2 pourvu des équipements d'exploitation et des locaux d'habitation habituels et une colonne support 3 sur laquelle repose le pont 2. La base de cette colonne 3 est ancrée sur le fond marin 4 par des organes d'ancrage 5. Pour assurer le transport, l'installation ("commissioning" en anglais) et le démantèlement ("decommissioning" en anglais) du pont 2 et de la colonne support 3 de la plate-forme pétrolière fixe 1 d'un site d'exploitation jusqu'à un quai de démontage de ces éléments d'ossature ou inversement, on utilise une structure désignée par la référence générale 10 et représentée schématiquement à la Fig. 2. Sur cette figure, les dimensions générales de la structure ainsi que les proportions entre les différents éléments composant cette, structure 10 n'ont pas été forcément respectées afin de simplifier la compréhension du dessin. D'une manière générale, la structure 10 comprend une coque flottante 11 en forme de "U" équipée de jambes de levage 12 de cette coque 11 et adaptées pour prendre appui sur le fond marin 4. La coque 11 comporte deux portions latérales 11a et une portion de liaison 11 b reliant les deux portions latérales 11a. Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté à la Fig. 2, la coque 11 est équipée de trois jambes de levage 12 réparties selon un triangle, une jambe 12 étant placée sur chaque portion latérale 11a et une jambe 12 étant placée sur la portion de liaison 11b. Selon une variante, la coque 11 peut être équipée de quatre jambes de levage 12 disposées par paires sur chaque branche latérale 11a de ladite coque 11. Chaque jambe 12 se termine, à son extrémité inférieure, par un sabot 13 destiné à prendre appui sur le fond marin 4. Ainsi que représenté sur les Figs. 2, 4 et 5, chacune de ces jambes 12 présente, dans ce mode de réalisation, une section triangulaire. Ces jambes 12 peuvent également présenter une section carrée ou circulaire. Chaque jambe 12 est formée de trois membrures 14 reliées entre elles par un treillis de poutrelles métalliques 15. Ainsi que montré sur les Figs. 3 et 4, chaque jambe 12 est associée à des moyens mécaniques 20 de déplacement de la coque 11. Pour chaque jambe 12, les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 sont logés dans une ossature porteuse 16, également appelée par les spécialistes "Jack-house", qui est supportée par la coque 11. Ainsi que représenté sur ces Figs. 3 et 4, chaque membrure 14 de chaque jambe 12 comporte deux plaques opposées 21 comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents 22 formant avec les deux membrures 14 une crémaillère double. Les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 de la coque 11 comprennent plusieurs ensembles 25 répartis de part et d'autre de chaque plaque 21 , suivant la hauteur de celle-ci. Chaque ensemble 25 comprend un groupe moto-réducteur 26 assurant l'entraînement d'un pignon 27 qui engrène avec une série de dents 22 de la plaque 21 correspondante. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les Figs. 3 et 4, les deux séries de dents 22 de chaque plaque 21 sont associées avec six pignons 27 entraînés chacun en rotation par un groupe moto-réducteur 26. La structure 10 comporte également une navette désignée par la référence générale 30 qui est déplaçable le long des jambes 12 indépendamment de la coque 11 de la structure 10 et qui est destinée à déplacer les éléments d'ossature de la plate-forme 1 , c'est à dire soit le pont 2, soit la colonne support 3, comme on le verra ultérieurement. Comme représenté à la Fig. 2, la navette 30 est composée d'éléments indépendants 31 dont le nombre correspond au nombre de jambes 12 de la structure 10. Ainsi, dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures, la navette 30 se compose de trois éléments indépendants 31 , associés chacun à une jambe de levage 12. D'une manière générale, chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 comporte des moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement sur la jambe de levage 12 correspondant, indépendamment de la coque 11 de la structure 10, ainsi que des moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature 2 ou 3 à déplacer de la plate-formeTransport structure, installation and dismantling of the elements of a fixed oil platform and methods of implementing such a structure. The present invention relates to a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a fixed petroleum platform for exploitation at sea, comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column. It further relates to methods of transport, installation and dismantling of the framework elements of a fixed oil platform. For petroleum exploitation, it is known to place above an oil deposit, a fixed petroleum platform which includes a bridge carrying in particular the operating equipment and the living quarters. The bridge is supported by a support column anchored on the seabed. So far, there are two main methods of transporting, installing and dismantling the frame elements of a fixed oil platform. The first method consists in using lifting cranes mounted on barges to deposit the support column on the seabed and to transfer the deck from the platform of the transport boat to this support column. This method, which is the most widely used to date, has limitations. In fact, the first of these limitations is the capacity of the lifting cranes, which can impose the construction of the bridge in several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installing and dismantling the bridge. of the oil rig. The second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires having a relatively large favorable time window in order to be able to carry out the various transfer operations at sea in good conditions. Thus, this method is difficult to apply without a considerable increase in cost in areas where the time windows are relatively short, such as in the North Sea. The second method consists of installing the support column on the seabed by lifting cranes and installing the deck of the oil platform in one piece on the support column by floating it above it. Then, the bridge is placed on this support column either by a ballasting / deballasting system, or by a mechanical system. In the case of a ballasting system, the deck of the platform is supported either by a floating support constituted for example by a barge, pontoons or by a floating support in the shape of a U, or by means of a structure associated with this floating support. In the case where the superstructure can be ballasted or deballasted, it is known to use for dismantling the deck of the oil platform, the deballasting of the floating support and the ballasting of the superstructure. As the superstructure has a large ballasting capacity, the dismantling operation can take place relatively quickly. In the case of a superstructure anchored to the seabed, only the deballasting capacity of the floating support can be used. This capacity being limited, the operation proceeds slowly. The systems using ballasting or deballasting have drawbacks which mainly reside in the fact that they impose a complex structure at the level of the caissons or the pumps and a very precise control of filling and emptying of the caissons to maintain the stability of the floating support. during the operation. The speed of the operation depends on the ballasting and load shedding capacity of these boxes of the floating supports which is generally relatively low so that the speed of the operation is thereby limited in particular when the superstructure is anchored on the seabed. . In addition, during this operation, the sea conditions must be favorable in order to carry out this operation in good conditions. An alternative to the ballasting / deballasting system is the use of a mechanical system to raise or lower the platform bridge. petroleum form. These systems allow the installation or dismantling of the oil platform bridge to be carried out more quickly than the systems previously mentioned. To this end, a system is known which comprises two barges supporting the deck of the oil platform by means of two pivoting structures. In addition, a system of winches and cables is used to ensure the stability of the system and to control the descent and ascent of the deck of the oil platform. By operating these winches, we control the distance of the barges thus allowing the ascent or descent of the bridge. However, this type of mechanical system has very precarious stability and is very often incompatible with use on the open sea. Another mechanical system consists of a rack and pinion system for raising or lowering the deck of the oil platform. In general, the mechanical systems used until now to install and dismantle a bridge on an oil platform are faster than ballast or deballasting systems, but they depend on the conditions of sea which makes it difficult to use in areas where favorable weather windows are relatively short. WO 03/080425 also discloses a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform which comprises a floating hull in the shape of a "U" and a shuttle for supporting the bridge and movable along the legs by the shell. The object of the invention is to propose a structure for transporting, installing or dismantling a fixed petroleum platform for exploitation at sea which is designed to simplify and reduce the duration of dismantling of said platform, while by allowing significant time savings and avoiding all risks of environmental pollution and increasing the safety of the personnel responsible for carrying out the various operations. To this end, the subject of the invention is a structure for dismantling and transporting a fixed oil platform for exploitation in sea comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge and at least one support column, said structure comprising: - a floating hull in the shape of a "U" equipped with at least three lifting legs of this hull and adapted to take support on the seabed, each lifting leg being associated with mechanical displacement means housed in a supporting frame of said hull, and - a shuttle movable along the lifting legs and intended to move one of the frame elements of the platform -form, characterized in that the shuttle is formed of at least three elements each associated with a lifting leg and each comprising, on the one hand, mechanical drive means on the corresponding lifting leg independently of the shell of the structure and, on the other hand, means of connection with the framework element to be moved from the platform. According to particular modes of implementation: each element of the shuttle comprises a vertical guide branch on the corresponding supporting frame of the hull and comprising at its upper part a horizontal branch for supporting the mechanical means for driving said element on the corresponding leg, the mechanical drive means of each element comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates carried by each vertical member of the corresponding lifting leg and each comprising, on each lateral face, a series of teeth and, on the other hand, at least two opposite assemblies, carried by the horizontal branch of said element and each formed by a pinion driven in rotation and cooperating with one of the series of teeth, - the means of connection with the framework element formed by the platform bridge comprise at least one horizontal support plate for this bridge and disposed at the lower part of the branch vertical of each element of the shuttle, the means of connection with the framework element formed by a support column of the platform comprise, at the level of each element of the shuttle, a linear and vertical traction member, formed by a chain or a cable and two locking assemblies of said traction member, one of said assemblies being carried by said element and the other of these assemblies being carried by the shell for a stepwise vertical movement of the support column by successive locking of said assemblies of locking, - each locking assembly is formed by two opposite locks which can be tilted vertically towards each other between a position for releasing the traction member and a position for blocking this traction member, - the structure comprises an independent branch closing the opening of the shell and lockable on said shell. The invention also relates to a method of dismantling and transport as well as a method of transport and installation of a frame element of a fixed oil platform, formed by a bridge. The subject of the invention is also a method of dismantling and transport as well as a method of transport and installation of a framework element of a fixed oil platform, formed by a section of a support column. . The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which: - FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a fixed oil platform in the operating position, - FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a transport, installation and dismantling structure in accordance with the invention, - FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an element of the shuttle of the structure according to the invention, - FIG. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 3, - Fig. 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of FIG. 3, - Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a locking assembly of a linear traction member and equipping the structure according to the invention, - Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the structure according to the invention, - Figs. 8A to 8H are diagrams showing the different stages of the method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform by means of the structure according to the invention, - Figs. 9A to 9K are diagrams showing the different stages of the dismantling and transport process of a support column of a fixed oil platform by means of a structure according to the invention. In Fig. 1, there is shown schematically a fixed oil platform designated as a whole by the reference 1 and comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge 2 provided with the operating equipment and usual living quarters and a support column 3 on which the bridge 2 rests. The base of this column 3 is anchored to the seabed 4 by anchoring members 5. To ensure transport, installation ("commissioning" in English) and dismantling ("decommissioning""in English) from deck 2 and from the support column 3 of the fixed oil platform 1 of an operating site to a quay for dismantling these framework elements or vice versa, a structure is used designated by the general reference 10 and shown schematically in FIG. 2. In this figure, the general dimensions of the structure as well as the proportions between the various elements making up this structure 10 have not necessarily been respected in order to simplify the understanding of the drawing. In general, the structure 10 comprises a floating hull 11 in the shape of a "U" fitted with lifting legs 12 of this hull 11 and adapted to bear on the seabed 4. The hull 11 has two lateral portions 11a and a connecting portion 11b connecting the two lateral portions 11a. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the shell 11 is equipped with three lifting legs 12 distributed in a triangle, one leg 12 being placed on each lateral portion 11a and one leg 12 being placed on the connecting portion 11b. According to a variant, the shell 11 can be equipped with four lifting legs 12 arranged in pairs on each lateral branch 11a of said shell 11. Each leg 12 ends, at its lower end, by a shoe 13 intended to bear on the seabed 4. As shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 5, each of these legs 12 has, in this embodiment, a triangular section. These legs 12 can also have a square or circular section. Each leg 12 is formed of three frames 14 connected together by a lattice of metal beams 15. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, each leg 12 is associated with mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11. For each leg 12, the mechanical means 20 are housed in a support frame 16, also called by specialists "Jack-house" , which is supported by the shell 11. As shown in these Figs. 3 and 4, each member 14 of each leg 12 has two opposite plates 21 each comprising, on each side face, a series of teeth 22 forming with the two members 14 a double rack. The mechanical displacement means 20 of the shell 11 comprise several assemblies 25 distributed on either side of each plate 21, according to the height of the latter. Each assembly 25 comprises a geared motor group 26 ensuring the drive of a pinion 27 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with six pinions 27 each driven in rotation by a geared motor group 26. The structure 10 also includes a shuttle designated by the general reference 30 which is movable along legs 12 independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10 and which is intended to move the framework elements of the platform 1, that is to say either the bridge 2, or the support column 3, as will be seen later. As shown in Fig. 2, the shuttle 30 is composed of independent elements 31, the number of which corresponds to the number of legs 12 of the structure 10. Thus, in the embodiment shown in the figures, the shuttle 30 consists of three independent elements 31, each associated with a lifting leg 12. In general, each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprises mechanical means 40 for driving on the corresponding lifting leg 12, independently of the shell 11 of the structure 10, as well as means of connection with the framework element 2 or 3 to be moved from the platform
1. En se reportant maintenant aux Figs. 3 et 5, on va décrire un élément 31 de la navette 30, les autres éléments 31 étant identiques. L'élément 31 comprend une branche verticale 32 de guidage sur l'ossature porteuse 16 de la coque 11 et qui est donc en appui sur une paroi verticale 16a de cette ossature porteuse 16. L'élément 31 comprend également une branche horizontale 33 qui comporte une ouverture centrale 34 pour le passage de la jambe 12 correspondante. Cette branche horizontale 33 est disposée à la partie supérieure de la branche verticale 32 et supporte les moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement dudit élément 31 sur la jambe 12. Les moyens mécaniques 40 d'entraînement de chaque élément 31 sur la jambe 12 correspondante fonctionnent indépendamment des moyens mécaniques 20 de déplacement de la coque 11 et ces moyens 40 de l'ensemble des éléments 31 fonctionnent en synchronisation les uns avec les autres de façon à obtenir le même déplacement de chaque élément 31 sur la jambe 12 correspondante. Les moyens mécaniques 40 de déplacement de chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 comprennent plusieurs ensembles 41 répartis de part et d'autre de chaque plaque 21 de la membrure 14, suivant la hauteur de celle-ci. Chaque ensemble 41 comprend un groupe moto-réducteur 42 assurant l'entraînement d'un pignon 43 qui engrène avec une série de dents 22 de la plaque 21 correspondante. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les Figs. 3 et 5, les deux séries de dents 22 de chaque plaque 21 sont associées avec quatre pignons 43 entraînés chacun en rotation par un groupe moto-réducteur 42. Ainsi que montré à la Fig. 3, la paroi verticale 16a de l'ossature porteuse 16 formant guidage pour le déplacement vertical de l'élément 31 correspondant est prolongée, à sa partie supérieure, par une plaque verticale 17 sur laquelle coulisse l'élément 31 de façon à augmenter la hauteur du déplacement vertical de cet élément 31. Par ailleurs, les moyens de liaison de chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 avec l'élément d'ossature 2 ou 3 à déplacer sont pour chacun desdits éléments 31 de deux sortes. En se reportant maintenant à la Fig. 3, on va décrire les moyens de liaison associés à un élément 31 de la navette 30, les moyens de liaison des autres éléments 31 de cette navette 30 étant identiques. Le premier de ces moyens destiné à déplacer le pont 2 de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 est constitué par une plaque horizontale 50 de support du pont 2 au cours de son transport, comme on le verra ultérieurement. Le second de ces moyens destiné à déplacer la colonne support 3 est constitué par un organe de traction 51 linéaire et vertical, formé par une chaîne ou un câble. Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures, l'organe de traction 51 est constitué par une chaîne. Comme montré à la Fig. 3, la chaîne 51 peut être enroulée sur un tambour 52 placé dans la coque 11 de la structure 10 et comporte une première partie montante 51a qui traverse l'ossature porteuse 16 de la coque 11 , la branche horizontale 33 de l'élément 31 et débouche à la partie supérieure de la branche verticale 31 de l'élément 30. A ce niveau, la chaîne 51 passe sur une poulie de renvoi 53 et comporte une partie descendante 51b qui traverse la branche verticale 32 de l'élément 31 et longe la coque 11 où elle est guidée par une poulie 54 fixée sur cette coque 11. L'extrémité de la chaîne 51 est équipée d'un système d'accrochage 55, de type connu, sur la colonne support 3 lors de son déplacement. La chaîne 51 est associée à deux ensembles de verrouillage 60 et1. Referring now to Figs. 3 and 5, an element 31 of the shuttle 30 will be described, the other elements 31 being identical. The element 31 comprises a vertical branch 32 for guiding on the support frame 16 of the shell 11 and which is therefore in abutment on a vertical wall 16a of this support frame 16. The element 31 also includes a horizontal branch 33 which comprises a central opening 34 for the passage of the corresponding leg 12. This horizontal branch 33 is disposed at the upper part of the vertical branch 32 and supports the mechanical means 40 for driving said element 31 on the leg 12. The mechanical means 40 for driving each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12 operate independently mechanical means 20 for moving the shell 11 and these means 40 of all the elements 31 operate in synchronization with each other so as to obtain the same movement of each element 31 on the corresponding leg 12. The mechanical means 40 for moving each element 31 of the shuttle 30 comprise several assemblies 41 distributed on either side of each plate 21 of the frame 14, according to the height of the latter. Each assembly 41 comprises a geared motor group 42 ensuring the drive of a pinion 43 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the two series of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with four pinions 43 each driven in rotation by a geared motor group 42. As shown in Fig. 3, the vertical wall 16a of the supporting frame 16 forming a guide for the vertical displacement of the corresponding element 31 is extended, at its upper part, by a vertical plate 17 on which the element 31 slides so as to increase the height vertical displacement of this element 31. Furthermore, the means of connection of each element 31 of the shuttle 30 with the frame element 2 or 3 to be moved are for each of said elements 31 of two kinds. Referring now to FIG. 3, we will describe the connecting means associated with an element 31 of the shuttle 30, the connecting means of the other elements 31 of this shuttle 30 being identical. The first of these means intended to move the bridge 2 of the oil platform 1 is constituted by a horizontal plate 50 for supporting the bridge 2 during its transport, as will be seen later. The second of these means intended to move the support column 3 is constituted by a linear and vertical traction member 51, formed by a chain or a cable. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the traction member 51 is constituted by a chain. As shown in Fig. 3, the chain 51 can be wound on a drum 52 placed in the shell 11 of the structure 10 and comprises a first rising part 51a which crosses the supporting frame 16 of the shell 11, the horizontal branch 33 of the element 31 and opens at the upper part of the vertical branch 31 of the element 30. At this level, the chain 51 passes over a deflection pulley 53 and has a descending part 51b which crosses the vertical branch 32 of the element 31 and runs along the shell 11 where it is guided by a pulley 54 fixed to this shell 11. The end of the chain 51 is equipped with a hooking system 55, of known type, on the support column 3 during its movement. The chain 51 is associated with two locking assemblies 60 and
65, l'un 60 étant monté sur l'élément 31 et l'autre 65 étant monté sur la coque 11. Ces deux ensembles 60 et 65 fonctionnent indépendamment l'un de l'autre permettant ainsi de solidariser la chaîne 51 avec l'élément 31 ou avec la coque 11. En se reportant maintenant à la Fig. 6, on va décrire un exemple d'un ensemble de verrouillage par exemple l'ensemble de verrouillage 60, l'ensemble de verrouillage 65 étant identique. Ainsi que montré sur cette figure, l'ensemble de verrouillage 60 est formé de deux sous ensembles, respectivement 61a et 61b, identiques et symétriques. Le premier sous ensemble 61a est formé par un verrou 62a monté basculable sur un socle 63a autour d'un axe horizontal 64a porté par le socle 63a. Le basculement du verrou 62a entre une position relevée et une position abaissée est commandé par un vérin 65a, par exemple hydraulique ou pneumatique, dont une extrémité est solidaire du socle 63a et dont l'autre extrémité est solidaire du verrou 62a. De même, le second sous ensemble 61b est constitué par un verrou 62b monté basculable sur un socle 63b autour d'un axe horizontal 64b porté par ledit socle 63b. Le basculement du verrou 62b entre une position abaissée et une position relevée est commandé par un vérin 65b, par exemple hydraulique ou pneumatique, dont une extrémité est solidaire du socle 63b et dont l'autre extrémité est solidaire du verrou 62b. Le déplacement des verrous 62a et 62b est simultané. Dans la position abaissée, les verrous 62a et 62b bloquent la chaîne 51 , ainsi que montré sur la Fig. 6. Enfin et comme représenté à la Fig. 7, l'ouverture du "U" de la coque 11 de la structure 10 peut être obturée par une branche indépendante 70 qui porte éventuellement une grue 71 permettant de déplacer des modules de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 ou d'une autre plate-forme à côté de laquelle la structure de transport 10 peut être installée. De manière classique, cette branche 70 peut- être installée par une barge, non représentée, ballastable/déballastable et peut être verrouillée, puis déverrouillée de la coque 11 de la structure 10. Le transport du pont 2 de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 par la structure 10 entre un site d'exploitation et un quai d'un port est réalisé de la façon suivante. Tout d'abord et comme représenté à la Fig. 8A, la structure 10 sans la branche complémentaire 70, est amenée par flottaison au-dessous du pont 2 de la plate-forme 1 en positionnant la colonne support 3 de ce pont 2 dans l'espace en forme de "U" ménagé entre les portions latérales 11a de la coque 11. Au cours de son positionnement, les jambes de levage 12 sont en position escamotée et les sabots 13 sont disposés au-dessous de la coque 11. Les branches horizontales 50 des éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont en position basse sensiblement au niveau de la coque 11 , ainsi que montré à la Fig. 2. Ensuite, les groupes moto-réducteurs 26 et 42, respectivement de la coque 11 et des éléments 31 de la navette 30, sont actionnés pour entraîner en rotation les pignons 27 et 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 de chaque jambe de levage 12 afin d'amener les sabots 13 en contact avec le fond marin 4, ainsi que montré à la Fig. 8B. Dès que les sabots 13 sont en contact avec le fond marin 4, la coque 11 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 se déplacent vers le haut le long des jambes 12, sous l'effet de l'entraînement en rotation des pignons 27 et 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 des jambes de levage 12. En se déplaçant vers le haut, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 viennent s'appliquer contre la face inférieure du pont 2 et l'entraînement des pignons 27 et 43 est arrêté (Fig. 8C). Ensuite, la colonne support 3 est séparée du pont 2 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont soulevés afin d'écarter le pont 2 de la colonne support 3 qui demeure en position verticale ainsi que montré à la Fig. 8C. Plusieurs variantes peuvent être envisagées. La première consiste à verrouiller les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sur les jambes de levage 12, à amener la coque 11 en flottaison afin de réduire les efforts dans ces jambes de levage 12 et le fond marin 4, à séparer la colonne support 3 du pont 2 et à lever les éléments 31 de la navette 30 par les pignons 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22, comme montré à la Fig. 8E. En alternative, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 peuvent ne pas être levés par les pignons 43, mais verrouillés sur les jambes de levage 12. Le relevage des éléments 31 et du pont 11 peut être effectué alors de manière passive lors de la remontée de ces jambes de levage 12. La deuxième variante consiste à verrouiller les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sur les jambes de levage 12, à découper un tronçon de la colonne support 3 de longueur suffisante, à retirer ce tronçon afin de séparer le pont 2 du reste de la colonne support 3 et à amener la coque 11 en flottaison. La troisième consiste à séparer la colonne support 3 du pont 2, à lever les éléments 31 de la navette 30 au moyen des pignons 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22, puis à verrouiller ces éléments 31 sur des jambes de levage 12 et, enfin, à descendre la coque 11 en flottaison (Fig. 8D). Enfin, la quatrième variante consiste à séparer la colonne support 3 du pont 2, à lever les éléments 31 de la navette 3 et la coque 11 , à verrouiller ces éléments 31 sur les jambes de levage 12 et à amener la coque 11 en flottaison. Après avoir amené la coque 11 en flottaison, les pignons 27 sont toujours entraînés en rotation ce qui provoque, par réaction, du fait de l'enfoncement de la coque 11 dans l'eau, la remontée des jambes de levage 12 (Fig. 8E). La coque 11 supportant le pont 2 par l'intermédiaire de la navette 30 est dégagée du site d'exploitation sur lequel la colonne support 3 est toujours en place. Ensuite, les éléments 31 sont déverrouillés des jambes de levage 12 et sont descendus par l'entraînement en sens inverse des pignons 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 pour amener ces éléments 31 supportant le pont 2 sensiblement au niveau de la coque 11 (Fig. 8F). La structure 10 transporte le pont 2 par flottaison, comme montré à la Fig. 8G. Au cours de ce transport la stabilisation latérale du pont 2 sur les éléments 31 de la navette 30 peut être assurée par des vérins, non représentés, qui sont en contact avec les faces latérales de ce pont 2. Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur la Fig. 8H, la coque65, one 60 being mounted on the element 31 and the other 65 being mounted on the shell 11. These two assemblies 60 and 65 operate independently of one another thus making it possible to secure the chain 51 with the element 31 or with the shell 11. Referring now to FIG. 6, an example of a locking assembly will be described, for example the locking assembly 60, the locking assembly 65 being identical. As shown in this figure, the locking assembly 60 is formed of two sub-assemblies, respectively 61a and 61b, identical and symmetrical. The first sub-assembly 61a is formed by a lock 62a pivotally mounted on a base 63a around a horizontal axis 64a carried by the base 63a. The tilting of the lock 62a between a raised position and a lowered position is controlled by a jack 65a, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, one end of which is secured to the base 63a and the other end of which is secured to the lock 62a. Likewise, the second sub-assembly 61b is constituted by a lock 62b mounted tiltably on a base 63b around a horizontal axis 64b carried by said base 63b. The tilting of the lock 62b between a lowered position and a raised position is controlled by a jack 65b, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, one end of which is secured to the base 63b and the other end of which is secured to the lock 62b. The movement of the locks 62a and 62b is simultaneous. In the lowered position, the latches 62a and 62b block the chain 51, as shown in FIG. 6. Finally and as shown in FIG. 7, the opening of the "U" of the shell 11 of the structure 10 can be closed off by an independent branch 70 which optionally carries a crane 71 making it possible to move modules of the oil platform 1 or of another platform shape next to which the transport structure 10 can be installed. Conventionally, this branch 70 can be installed by a barge, not shown, ballastable / deballastable and can be locked, then unlocked from the hull 11 of the structure 10. The transport of the deck 2 of the oil platform 1 by the structure 10 between an operating site and a quay of a port is produced in the following manner. First and as shown in FIG. 8A, the structure 10 without the complementary branch 70, is brought by floating below the bridge 2 of the platform 1 by positioning the support column 3 of this bridge 2 in the space in the shape of "U" formed between the lateral portions 11a of the shell 11. During its positioning, the lifting legs 12 are in the retracted position and the shoes 13 are arranged below the shell 11. The horizontal branches 50 of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are in low position substantially at the level of the shell 11, as shown in FIG. 2. Then, the geared motor groups 26 and 42, respectively of the shell 11 and of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30, are actuated to rotate the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12 in order to bring the hooves 13 into contact with the seabed 4, as shown in FIG. 8B. As soon as the hooves 13 are in contact with the seabed 4, the hull 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 move upwards along the legs 12, under the effect of the drive in rotation of the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of the lifting legs 12. By moving upwards, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are applied against the underside of the deck 2 and the drive of the pinions 27 and 43 is stopped (Fig. 8C). Then, the support column 3 is separated from the bridge 2 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted in order to separate the bridge 2 from the support column 3 which remains in the vertical position as shown in FIG. 8C. Several variants can be envisaged. The first consists in locking the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, in bringing the hull 11 into flotation in order to reduce the forces in these lifting legs 12 and the seabed 4, in separating the support column 3 from the bridge 2 and to lift the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22, as shown in FIG. 8E. As an alternative, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 may not be lifted by the pinions 43, but locked on the lifting legs 12. Lifting elements 31 and the bridge 11 can then be carried out passively during the ascent of these lifting legs 12. The second variant consists in locking the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, cutting a section of the support column 3 of sufficient length, to remove this section in order to separate the bridge 2 from the rest of the support column 3 and to bring the hull 11 into flotation. The third consists of separating the support column 3 from the bridge 2, lifting the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by means of the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22, then locking these elements 31 on lifting legs 12 and, finally, lower the hull 11 into flotation (Fig. 8D). Finally, the fourth variant consists in separating the support column 3 from the deck 2, lifting the elements 31 of the shuttle 3 and the hull 11, locking these elements 31 on the lifting legs 12 and bringing the hull 11 into flotation. After bringing the hull 11 into flotation, the pinions 27 are still driven in rotation which causes, by reaction, due to the depression of the hull 11 in the water, the lifting of the lifting legs 12 (Fig. 8E ). The hull 11 supporting the deck 2 via the shuttle 30 is released from the operating site on which the support column 3 is still in place. Then, the elements 31 are unlocked from the lifting legs 12 and are lowered by the drive in the opposite direction of the pinions 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 to bring these elements 31 supporting the bridge 2 substantially to the level of the hull 11 ( Fig. 8F). The structure 10 transports the deck 2 by flotation, as shown in FIG. 8G. During this transport, the lateral stabilization of the bridge 2 on the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 can be ensured by jacks, not shown, which are in contact with the lateral faces of this bridge 2. In the embodiment shown on Fig. 8H, the hull
11 supportant le pont 2 est amenée par flottaison, jusqu'à un quai d'un port et les jambes de levage 12 sont appliquées sur le fond pour stabiliser cette coque 11. Une pièce de liaison 6 est placée entre la coque 11 et le quai pour assurer une continuité entre la surface de cette coque 11 et ledit quai. Ensuite, le pont 2 est déchargé sur ce quai. Selon une variante, le pont 2 peut-être préalablement déchargé sur une barge qui assure le transport de ce pont jusqu'au quai. La structure 10 selon l'invention peut également être utilisée pour l'installation d'un pont 2 sur une colonne support 3 en effectuant sensiblement les mêmes opérations selon un sens inverse. La structure 10 permet aussi le démantèlement d'une colonne support 3. Après avoir retiré le pont 2 de la colonne support 3, la structure 10 est amenée par flottaison autour de la colonne support 3, comme montré à la Fig. 9A. Ensuite, les groupes moto-réducteurs 26 et 42 sont actionnés pour entraînés en rotation les pignons 27 et 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 de chaque jambe de levage 12 afin d'amener les sabots 13 en contact avec le fond marin 4. Dès que les sabots 13 sont en contact du fond marin 4, la coque 11 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 se déplacent vers le haut, le long des jambes 12, sous l'effet de l'entraînement en rotation des pignons 27 et 43 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22. La coque 11 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont ainsi positionnés au-dessus du niveau de l'eau. Les extrémités libres des chaînes 51 sont reliées par les systèmes d'accrochage 55 à la colonne support 3 et cette colonne de support 3 est séparée au niveau A (Fig. 9B), de sa partie ancrée dans le fond marin 4. L'extrémité supérieure du tronçon de la colonne support 3 est accrochée par des câbles 56 à la coque 11 et ces câbles 56 sont enroulés sur des tambours 57 de façon à permettre leur extension. Après ces différentes étapes, l'ensemble de verrouillage 60 de chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 est actionné par basculement des verrous de façon à solidariser les chaînes 51 et, de ce fait, la colonne support 3 de ces éléments 31. Les ensembles de verrouillage 65 sont en position ouverte pour permettre le coulissement des chaînes 51. Ensuite, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont soulevés en entraînant en rotation les pignons 43 au moyen des groupes moto-réducteurs 42 et qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 de chaque jambe de levage 12. Du fait de la solidarisation des chaînes 51 avec ces éléments 31, le tronçon de la colonne support 3 est également soulevé. Au cours de ce déplacement, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont tout d'abord guidés vers la paroi verticale 16a de l'ossature porteuse 16 de la coque 11 et par les plaques 17, comme montré à la Fig. 9C. Après cette première opération de levage du tronçon de la colonne support 3, les ensembles de verrouillage 65 sont actionnés afin de verrouiller les chaînes 51 et de solidariser ces chaînes 51 de la coque 11. Les ensembles de verrouillages 60 sont ouverts par basculement des verrous de façon à libérer les chaînes 51 des éléments 31 de la navette 30. Ces éléments 31 sont abaissés pour les ramener sensiblement au niveau de la coque 11 , ainsi que montré sur la Fig. 9D. Les chaînes 51 sont de nouveau solidarisées des éléments 31 par verrouillage des ensembles 60 et ces chaînes 51 sont libérées de la coque 11 par ouverture des ensembles 65. Les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont soulevés de façon à lever également le tronçon de la colonne support 3 et ces opérations sont renouvelées pour lever progressivement ce tronçon, ainsi que montré sur la Fig. 9E. Ensuite, les éléments 31 de la navette 30 portant le tronçon de la colonne support 3 sont amenés sensiblement au niveau de la coque 11 (Fig. 9F) et l'ensemble formé par la navette 30 et la coque 11 est abaissé pour amener cette coque 11 en flottaison, comme montré à la Fig. 9G. Les jambes 12 sont relevées et la structure 10 portant la colonne support 3 est retirée du site d'exploitation par flottaison (Fig. 9G). La structure 10 portant le tronçon de la colonne support 3 est amenée par flottaison jusqu'à un site de chargement de ce tronçon sur une barge 80. Pour cela, les jambes de levage 12 sont appliquées sur le fond marin 4 en entraînant en rotation les pignons 27 et 43 par les moto-réducteurs 26 et 42 et lorsque les jambes de levage 12 sont en contact sur le fond marin 4, la coque 11 et les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont levés afin d'amener l'extrémité inférieure du tronçon de la colonne support 3 au-dessus du niveau de l'eau ainsi que montré sur la Fig. 9H. La barge 80 est amenée au-dessous de ce tronçon et ledit tronçon est posé sur la barge 80, puis les chaînes 51 ainsi que les câbles 56 sont déconnectés du tronçon de la colonne support 3 (Fig. 91). La coque 11 est ensuite amenée en flottaison (Fig. 9J) et les jambes 12 sont relevées pour permettre d'utiliser la structure 10 pour une nouvelle opération de transfert de la partie restante de la colonne support 3. La barge 80 portant le tronçon de la colonne support 3 est amenée jusqu'à un quai de démontage et ce tronçon est transféré sur ce quai, comme montré à la Fig. 9K. La structure 10 peut aussi être utilisée pour enlever la partie inférieure de la colonne support 3 ou, si cela est possible pour enlever l'ensemble de la colonne support 3 en une seule opération. Enfin cette structure 10 peut également être utilisée pour la pose d'une colonne support 3 d'une plate-forme pétrolière sur un site d'exploitation en effectuant sensiblement les mêmes opérations en sens inverse. D'une manière générale, l'ordre de certaines étapes du démantèlement du pont ou de la colonne support peut être inversé selon les conditions du démantèlement. La structure selon l'invention présente l'avantage de pouvoir transporter aussi bien le pont que la colonne support d'une plate-forme pétrolière directement du site d'exploitation sur un site fixe où le démontage peut être effectué en toute sécurité, sans risque de pollution du milieu marin ou inversement entre un site fixe et un site d'exploitation. De plus, les différentes étapes de transfert et de transport sont effectuées sans aucune opération de ballastage, permettant ainsi de réaliser un gain de temps important ce qui est appréciable dans des régions où les conditions atmosphériques sont très rapidement changeantes. 11 supporting the deck 2 is brought by flotation to a quay of a port and the lifting legs 12 are applied to the bottom to stabilize this hull 11. A connecting piece 6 is placed between the hull 11 and the quay to ensure continuity between the surface of this hull 11 and said quay. Then, deck 2 is unloaded on this quay. According to a variant, the bridge 2 can be previously unloaded on a barge which ensures the transport of this bridge to the quay. The structure 10 according to the invention can also be used for the installation of a bridge 2 on a support column 3 by carrying out substantially the same operations in a reverse direction. The structure 10 also allows the dismantling of a support column 3. After having removed the bridge 2 from the support column 3, the structure 10 is brought by floating around the support column 3, as shown in FIG. 9A. Then, the gear motor groups 26 and 42 are actuated to rotate the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12 in order to bring the shoes 13 into contact with the bottom. sailor 4. As soon as the hooves 13 are in contact with the seabed 4, the hull 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 move upwards, along the legs 12, under the effect of the rotational drive of the pinions 27 and 43 which mesh with the series of teeth 22. The shell 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are thus positioned above the water level. The free ends of the chains 51 are connected by the attachment systems 55 to the support column 3 and this support column 3 is separated at level A (FIG. 9B), from its part anchored in the seabed 4. The end upper section of the support column 3 is attached by cables 56 to the shell 11 and these cables 56 are wound on drums 57 so as to allow their extension. After these various steps, the locking assembly 60 of each element 31 of the shuttle 30 is actuated by tilting the locks so as to secure the chains 51 and, therefore, the support column 3 of these elements 31. The locking assemblies 65 are in the open position to allow the chains 51 to slide. Then, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are raised by rotating the pinions 43 by means of the geared motors groups 42 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12. Due to the connection of the chains 51 with these elements 31, the section of the support column 3 is also raised. During this movement, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are first of all guided towards the vertical wall 16a of the supporting frame 16 of the shell 11 and by the plates 17, as shown in FIG. 9C. After this first lifting operation of the section of the support column 3, the locking assemblies 65 are actuated in order to lock the chains 51 and to secure these chains 51 to the shell 11. The locking assemblies 60 are opened by tilting the latches of so as to release the chains 51 from the elements 31 of the shuttle 30. These elements 31 are lowered so as to bring them back substantially to the level of the shell 11, as shown in FIG. 9D. The chains 51 are again secured to the elements 31 by locking the assemblies 60 and these chains 51 are released from the shell 11 by opening the assemblies 65. The elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted so as to also lift the section of the column support 3 and these operations are repeated to gradually lift this section, as shown in FIG. 9E. Then, the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 carrying the section of the support column 3 are brought substantially to the level of the shell 11 (FIG. 9F) and the assembly formed by the shuttle 30 and the shell 11 is lowered to bring this shell 11 in buoyancy, as shown in FIG. 9G. The legs 12 are raised and the structure 10 carrying the support column 3 is removed from the operating site by flotation (Fig. 9G). The structure 10 carrying the section of the support column 3 is brought by flotation to a site for loading this section on a barge 80. For this, the lifting legs 12 are applied to the seabed 4 by rotating the pinions 27 and 43 by the geared motors 26 and 42 and when the lifting legs 12 are in contact with the seabed 4, the hull 11 and the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are lifted in order to bring the lower end of the section of the support column 3 above the water level as shown in Fig. 9H. The barge 80 is brought below this section and said section is placed on the barge 80, then the chains 51 and the cables 56 are disconnected from the section of the support column 3 (Fig. 91). The hull 11 is then brought into flotation (Fig. 9J) and the legs 12 are raised to allow the structure 10 to be used for a new transfer operation of the remaining part of the support column 3. The barge 80 carrying the section of the support column 3 is brought to a dismantling quay and this section is transferred to this quay, as shown in FIG. 9K. The structure 10 can also be used to remove the lower part of the support column 3 or, if possible, to remove the whole of the support column 3 in a single operation. Finally, this structure 10 can also be used for the installation of a support column 3 of an oil platform on an exploitation site by carrying out substantially the same operations in reverse. Generally, the order of certain stages of the dismantling of the bridge or of the support column can be reversed according to the conditions of dismantling. The structure according to the invention has the advantage of being able to transport both the bridge and the support column of an oil platform directly from the operating site to a fixed site where disassembly can be carried out safely, without risk pollution of the marine environment or vice versa between a fixed site and an operating site. In addition, the various stages of transfer and transport are carried out without any ballasting operation, thus making it possible to achieve a significant saving of time which is appreciable in regions where the atmospheric conditions are very rapidly changing.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Structure de démantèlement et de transport d'une plate-forme pétrolière (1 ) fixe d'exploitation en mer comportant des éléments d'ossature formés notamment par un pont (2) et au moins une colonne support (3), ladite structure comprenant : - une coque flottante (11 ) en forme de "U" équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage (12) de cette coque (11 ) et adaptées pour prendre appui sur le fond marin (4), chaque jambe de levage (12) étant associée à des moyens (20) mécaniques de déplacement logés dans une ossature porteuse (16) de ladite coque (11 ), et - une navette (30) déplaçable le long des jambes (12) et destinée à déplacer un des éléments d'ossature (2, 3) de la plate-forme (1 ), caractérisée en ce que ladite navette (30) est formée d'au moins trois éléments (31 ) associés chacun à une jambe de levage (12) et comportant chacun, d'une part, des moyens mécaniques (40) d'entraînement sur la jambe de levage (12) correspondante indépendamment de la coque (11 ) de la structure (10) et, d'autre part, des moyens (50, 51) de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature (2, 3) à déplacer de ladite plate-forme (1).  CLAIMS 1. Structure for dismantling and transporting an oil platform (1) stationary for offshore exploitation comprising framework elements formed in particular by a bridge (2) and at least one support column (3), said structure comprising: - a floating hull (11) in the shape of a "U" equipped with at least three lifting legs (12) of this hull (11) and adapted to bear on the seabed (4), each leg of lifting (12) being associated with mechanical displacement means (20) housed in a supporting frame (16) of said shell (11), and - a shuttle (30) movable along the legs (12) and intended to move a framework elements (2, 3) of the platform (1), characterized in that said shuttle (30) is formed of at least three elements (31) each associated with a lifting leg (12) and each comprising, on the one hand, mechanical means (40) for driving on the corresponding lifting leg (12) independently ment of the shell (11) of the structure (10) and, on the other hand, means (50, 51) of connection with the framework element (2, 3) to be moved from said platform (1 ).
2. Structure selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que chaque élément (31 ) de la navette (30) comprend une branche verticale (32) de guidage sur l'ossature porteuse (16) correspondante de la coque (11 ) et comportant, à sa partie supérieure, une branche horizontale (33) de support des moyens mécaniques (40) d'entraînement dudit élément (31 ) sur la jambe (12) correspondante. 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that each element (31) of the shuttle (30) comprises a vertical branch (32) for guiding on the supporting framework (16) corresponding to the shell (11) and comprising, at its upper part, a horizontal branch (33) for supporting the mechanical means (40) for driving said element (31) on the corresponding leg (12).
3. Structure selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens mécaniques (40) d'entraînement de chaque élément (31 ) comprennent, d'une part, deux plaques opposées (21 ) portées par chaque membrure (14) de la jambe de levage (12) correspondante et comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents (22) et, d'autre part, au moins deux ensembles (42, 43) opposés, portés par la branche horizontale (33) dudit élément (31) et formé chacun par un pignon (43) entraîné en rotation et coopérant avec l'une des séries de dents (22). 3. Structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mechanical means (40) for driving each element (31) comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates (21) carried by each frame (14) of the corresponding lifting leg (12) each comprising, on each lateral face, a series of teeth (22) and, on the other hand, at least two opposite assemblies (42, 43), carried by the horizontal branch (33) of said element (31) and each formed by a pinion (43) driven in rotation and cooperating with one of the series of teeth (22).
4. Structure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature formé par le pont (2) de la plate-forme (1 ) comprennent au moins une plaque horizontale (50) de support de ce pont (2) et disposée à la partie inférieure de la branche verticale (32) de chaque élément (31) de la navette (30). 4. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means of connection with the framework element formed by the bridge (2) of the platform (1) comprise at least one horizontal plate ( 50) for supporting this bridge (2) and disposed at the lower part of the vertical branch (32) of each element (31) of the shuttle (30).
5. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de liaison avec l'élément d'ossature formé par une colonne support (3) de la plate-forme (1 ) comprennent, au niveau de chaque élément (31) de la navette (30), un organe de traction (51 ) linéaire et vertical, formé par une chaîne ou un câble et deux ensembles (60, 65) de verrouillage dudit organe de traction (51 ), l'un (60) desdits ensembles étant porté par ledit élément (31 ) et l'autre (65) de ces ensembles étant porté par la coque (11 ) pour un déplacement vertical pas à pas de la colonne support (3) par verrouillage successif desdits ensembles (60, 65) de verrouillage. 5. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means of connection with the framework element formed by a support column (3) of the platform (1) comprise, at the level of each element (31) of the shuttle (30), a linear and vertical traction member (51), formed by a chain or a cable and two sets (60, 65) for locking said traction member (51), the one (60) of said assemblies being carried by said element (31) and the other (65) of these assemblies being carried by the shell (11) for a vertical step-by-step movement of the support column (3) by successive locking of said locking assemblies (60, 65).
6. Structure selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que chaque ensemble (60, 65) de verrouillage est formé par deux verrous (62a, 62b) opposés et basculables verticalement l'un vers l'autre entre une position de libération de l'organe de traction (51 ) et une position de blocage de cet organe de traction (51). 6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that each set (60, 65) of locking is formed by two latches (62a, 62b) opposite and tiltable vertically towards one another between a position of release of the traction member (51) and a locking position of this traction member (51).
7. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une branche (70) indépendante d'obturation de l'ouverture de la coque (11) et verrouillable sur ladite coque (11 ). 7. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a branch (70) independent for closing the opening of the shell (11) and lockable on said shell (11).
8. Procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'un élément d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière (1 ) fixe, formé par un pont (2), entre un site d'exploitation et un quai de démontage du pont (2), caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en les étapes suivantes : - à disposer au-dessous du pont (2) une structure (10) de transport comportant une coque (11) flottante en forme de "U" équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage (12) de cette coque (11 ) et d'une navette (30) déplaçable le long de ces jambes (12) indépendamment de ladite coque (11 ), - à appliquer les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond marin (4), - à lever la coque (11) et la navette (30) pour amener ladite navette (30) au contact du pont (2), - à verrouiller la navette (30) sur les jambes de levage (12), - à abaisser la coque (11 ) pour l'amener en flottaison, - à séparer le pont (2) de sa colonne support (3), - à soulever le pont (2) par l'intermé iaire de la navette (30) sous l'action de la remontée des jambes de levage (12), - à déplacer la structure (10) supportant le pont (2) pour dégager ledit pont (2) de la colonne support (3), - à abaisser la navette (30) supportant le pont (2) pour l'amener sur la coque (11 ), - à amener par flottaison la structure (10) supportant le pont (2) jusqu'au quai de démontage ou jusqu'à un site de déchargement sur une barge, - à appliquer les jambes de levage (012) sur le fond pour stabiliser la coque (11), - à libérer le pont (2) de la structure (1 0), et - à décharger le pont (2) sur le quai ou sur la barge. 8. Method for dismantling and transporting a framework element of a fixed oil platform (1), formed by a bridge (2), between an operating site and a bridge dismantling quay (2 ), characterized in that it consists of the following stages: - placing below the deck (2) a transport structure (10) comprising a floating hull (11) in the shape of a "U" equipped with at least three lifting legs (12) of this shell (11) and of a shuttle (30) movable along these legs (12) independently of said shell (11), - applying the lifting legs (12) to the seabed (4), - lifting the hull (11) and the shuttle (30) to bring said shuttle (30) into contact with the deck (2), - locking the shuttle (30) on the lifting legs (12), - lowering the hull (11) to bring it into waterline, - to separate the bridge (2) from its support column (3), - to raise the bridge (2) via the shuttle (30) under the action lifting the lifting legs (12), - moving the structure (10) supporting the bridge (2) to release said bridge (2) from the support column (3), - lowering the shuttle (30) supporting the bridge (2) to bring it to the hull (11), - to float the structure (10) supporting the bridge (2) to the dismantling quay or to an unloading site on a barge, - applying the lifting legs (012) to the bottom to stabilize the hull (11), - releasing the deck (2) from the structure (1 0), and - unloading the deck (2) on the quay or on the barge.
9. Procédé de transport et d'installation d'un élément d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière (1 ) fixe, formé par un pont (2), entre un quai ou une barge et un site d'exploitation, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise une structure (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7. 9. A method of transporting and installing a framework element of a fixed oil platform (1), formed by a bridge (2), between a quay or a barge and an operating site, characterized in that a structure (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used.
10. Procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'un élément d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière (1) fixe, formé par un tronçon d'une colonne support (3), entre un site d'exploitation et un quai de démontage de la colonne support (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en les étapes suivantes : - à disposer autour de la colonne support (3), une coque flottante (11) en forme de "U" équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage (12) de cette coque (11 ) et d'une navette (30) formée d'au moins trois éléments (31 ) déplaçables chacun le long d'une desdites jambes (12) indépendamment de la coque (11 ), - à appliquer les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond marin (4), - à lever la coque (11 ) et les éléments (31 ) de la navette (30), - à relier chaque élément (31) de la navette (30) au tronçon de la colonne support (3) par un organe de traction (51) linéaire, - à séparer le tronçon de la colonne support (3) du reste de ladite colonne, - à verrouiller chaque organe de traction (51) à chaque élément10. Method for dismantling and transporting a framework element of a fixed oil platform (1), formed by a section of a support column (3), between an operating site and a quay disassembly of the support column (3), characterized in that it consists of the following steps: - placing around the support column (3), a floating hull (11) in the shape of a "U" equipped with at least three lifting legs (12) of this shell (11) and a shuttle (30) formed of at least three elements (31) each movable along one of said legs (12) independently of the shell (11) , - applying the lifting legs (12) to the seabed (4), - lifting the hull (11) and the elements (31) of the shuttle (30), - connecting each element (31) of the shuttle (30) to the section of the support column (3) by a linear traction member (51), - separating the section of the support column (3) from the rest of the said column , - to lock each traction member (51) to each element
(31 ) de la navette (30), - à soulever les éléments (31) de la navette (30) pour lever le tronçon de la colonne support (3), - à verrouiller les organes de traction (51 ) alternativement aux éléments (31) de la navette (30) et à la coque (11) et à abaisser et à soulever lesdits éléments (31 ) pour lever pas à pas le tronçon de la colonne support (3), - à amener la navette (30) portant le tronçon de la colonne support (3) en contact avec la coque (11), - à abaisser la navette (30) et la coque (11 ) pour l'amener en flottaison, - à poursuivre la descente de la coque (11) pour provoquer par réaction la remontée des jambes de levage (12) de la structure (10), - à déplacer la structure (10) portant le tronçon de la colonne support (3) pour dégager ce tronçon du site d'exploitation et l'amener sur un site de chargement sur une barge (80), - à appliquer sur le site de déchargement les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond marin (4), - à lever la coque (11) et la navette (3O) pour soulever le tronçon de la colonne support (3) au-dessus du niveau de l'eau, - à placer la barge (80) dans la structure (10) au-dessous dudit tronçon, - à descendre la coque (11) et la navette (30) pour poser le tronçon de la colonne support (3) sur la barge (80), - à détacher les organes de traction (51 ) du tronçon de la colonne support (3), et - à amener la barge (80) portant le tronçon de la colonne support (3) jusqu'au quai de démontage et à renouveler ces étapes pour les autres tronçons de ladite colonne support (3). (31) of the shuttle (30), - lifting the elements (31) of the shuttle (30) to lift the section of the support column (3), - locking the traction members (51) alternately with the elements ( 31) of the shuttle (30) and to the hull (11) and to lower and raise said elements (31) to lift step by step the section of the support column (3), - to bring the shuttle (30) bearing the section of the support column (3) in contact with the hull (11), - to lower the shuttle (30) and the hull (11) to bring it into buoyancy, - to continue the descent of the hull (11) to cause by reaction the raising of the lifting legs (12) of the structure (10), - to move the structure (10) carrying the section of the support column (3) to release this section of the operating site and the bring to a loading site on a barge (80), - to apply to the unloading site the lifting legs (12) on the seabed (4), - to lift the hull (11) and the shuttle e (3O) to raise the section of the support column (3) above the water level, - to place the barge (80) in the structure (10) below said section, - to lower the hull (11) and the shuttle (30) for placing the section of the support column (3) on the barge (80), - detaching the traction members (51) from the section of the support column (3), and - Bring the barge (80) carrying the section of the support column (3) to the dismantling platform and repeat these steps for the other sections of said support column (3).
11. Procédé de transport et d'installation d'un élément d'ossature d'une plate-forme pétrolière (20) fixe, formé par un tronçon d'une colonne support (3) entre un quai et un site d'exploitation, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise une structure (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7. 11. A method of transporting and installing a framework element of a fixed oil platform (20), formed by a section of a support column (3) between a quay and an operating site, characterized in that a structure (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used.
EP04816494A 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Method and Device for dismanteling an oil platform Not-in-force EP1716293B1 (en)

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FR0400806A FR2865484B1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-01-28 STRUCTURE FOR TRANSPORTING, INSTALLING AND DISMANTLING THE ELEMENTS OF A FIXED PETROLEUM PLATFORM AND METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING SUCH A STRUCTURE
PCT/FR2004/003418 WO2005083183A1 (en) 2004-01-28 2004-12-30 Structure for transporting, installing and dismantling the elements of a fixed oil platform and methods for using said structure

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US8070388B2 (en) 2011-12-06
BRPI0418459A (en) 2007-06-05
WO2005083183A1 (en) 2005-09-09
EP1716293B1 (en) 2008-08-13
EA200601376A1 (en) 2007-02-27
AU2004316316A1 (en) 2005-09-09
EP1798342A3 (en) 2008-11-19
ATE404739T1 (en) 2008-08-15
EP1798342B1 (en) 2011-12-21
FR2865484A1 (en) 2005-07-29
DE602004015846D1 (en) 2008-09-25
KR101230424B1 (en) 2013-02-06
KR20070006723A (en) 2007-01-11
EP1798342A2 (en) 2007-06-20
AU2004316316B2 (en) 2010-03-11
US20080131209A1 (en) 2008-06-05
EA008616B1 (en) 2007-06-29
ATE538256T1 (en) 2012-01-15
BRPI0418459B1 (en) 2015-10-20
FR2865484B1 (en) 2006-05-19

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