EP1713646A1 - Liquid jet writing tool - Google Patents

Liquid jet writing tool

Info

Publication number
EP1713646A1
EP1713646A1 EP04816400A EP04816400A EP1713646A1 EP 1713646 A1 EP1713646 A1 EP 1713646A1 EP 04816400 A EP04816400 A EP 04816400A EP 04816400 A EP04816400 A EP 04816400A EP 1713646 A1 EP1713646 A1 EP 1713646A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
liquid
projection
processing unit
distance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04816400A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1713646B1 (en
Inventor
Xavier Bich
Alain Rosenzweig
Kurt Rath
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BIC SA
Original Assignee
BIC SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BIC SA filed Critical BIC SA
Publication of EP1713646A1 publication Critical patent/EP1713646A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1713646B1 publication Critical patent/EP1713646B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
    • B43K8/22—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with electrically or magnetically activated writing-points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K29/00—Combinations of writing implements with other articles
    • B43K29/004—Combinations of writing implements with other articles with more than one object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K29/00—Combinations of writing implements with other articles
    • B43K29/005—Combinations of writing implements with other articles with sound or noise making devices, e.g. radio, alarm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K29/00—Combinations of writing implements with other articles
    • B43K29/08—Combinations of writing implements with other articles with measuring, computing or indicating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
    • B43K8/006—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls using a spraying system, e.g. airbrushes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L19/00—Erasers, rubbers, or erasing devices; Holders therefor
    • B43L19/0018—Erasers, rubbers, or erasing devices; Holders therefor with fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43L19/00—Erasers, rubbers, or erasing devices; Holders therefor
    • B43L19/0056—Holders for erasers
    • B43L19/0068—Hand-held holders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43M—BUREAU ACCESSORIES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B43M11/00—Hand or desk devices of the office or personal type for applying liquid, other than ink, by contact to surfaces, e.g. for applying adhesive
    • B43M11/06—Hand-held devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquid jet writing instruments such as ink. More particularly, the invention relates, among these writing instruments, to those which comprise a substantially tubular element which extends between a first end and a second end and which is intended to be taken in hand by a user / said tubular element comprising: - a liquid reservoir, - a liquid projection system comprising a liquid projection head connected to the liquid reservoir, the projection head being intended to project the liquid from a distance onto a support, and - a processing unit intended to activate the liquid projection system to allow the projection head to project the liquid from a distance onto the support.
  • the tubular element generally comprises a feeler having a first end intended to come into contact with the support during writing, and a second end connected to a mechanism for detecting the movements of the feeler. in contact with the support.
  • This detection mechanism is connected to the processing unit to enable activation of the liquid projection system.
  • the projection of liquid onto the support is only linked to the fact that the probe is in contact with the support or not, the projection of liquid then being constant and fixed at a predetermined flow rate as long as the probe is in contact with the support. Consequently, if the writing instrument is moved at high speed on the support, the projection of liquid may prove to be insufficient for a suitable realization of a continuous line. Likewise, when the user moves the writing instrument with a low speed, the projection of liquid may then be too large, thus preventing the production of a suitable line.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the technical problems mentioned above, by proposing a reliable, simple writing instrument which provides optimum writing comfort for the user.
  • the invention relates to a writing instrument characterized in that the tubular element further comprises: - means for controlling the distance between the projection head and the support, the control means being connected to the processing unit, and - motion detection means of the projection head, the motion detection means being connected to the processing unit, in that the processing unit is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system when at least the control means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is appropriate, and that the processing unit is adapted to make varying the frequency and / or amplitude of electrical signals controlling the activation of the liquid projection system as a function of the movement detected by the movement detection means.
  • the user of the instrument simply controls the activation of the ink projection by bringing the instrument at an adequate distance from the support while transmitting to it a movement which will be detected by the writing instrument. to vary the frequency and / or amplitude of the electrical signals controlling the activation of the liquid projection system.
  • This activation of the projection of liquid can therefore be stopped by the user, either by immobilizing his hand and therefore the instrument, or by removing the writing instrument or more exactly the liquid projection head from the support.
  • This writing instrument therefore makes it possible to cause a controlled projection of liquid as a function of the speed of movement of the instrument under optimal conditions which approach the writing conditions known hitherto with conventional writing instruments such as than ballpoint or felt tip pens.
  • control means are formed by measuring means for measuring the distance between the projection head and the support, and the processing unit is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system when, on the one hand, the measuring means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is less than a predetermined maximum value, and on the other hand, the detection means of motion detect motion;
  • the measuring means are adapted to measure the distance between the projection head and the support without physical contact of the writing instrument with said support;
  • the processing unit is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system when, on the one hand, the measurement means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is between a predetermined minimum value and said predetermined maximum value, and on the other hand, the movement detection means detect a movement.
  • the measuring means comprise an optical system intended to measure the distance between the projection head and the support; - the motion detection means are formed by an accelerometer; the motion detection means are formed by the optical system and the processing unit which determines the speeds of movement of the projection head relative to the support as a function of the measurements made by the optical system; the measuring means comprise an ultrasonic acoustic probe intended to measure the distance between the projection head and the support; the control means are formed by an optical system suitable for measuring the distance between the projection head and the place of the support where the liquid is intended to be projected, the movement detection means are formed by the optical system and 1 processing unit which is adapted to decrease the frequency and / or the amplitude of the electrical signals controlling the activation of the projection when the optical system detects the presence of liquid on the support, which is representative of a reduction in the speed of movement of the writing system relative to the support; -
  • the tubular element comprises an electrical power source and energizing means connected to the electrical power source, said energizing means being actuable by the user to allow
  • the tubular element comprises means for emitting a visible light spot on the support to represent the point of impact of the projection of the liquid on the support;
  • the liquid projection head comprises at least one nozzle for projecting droplets of liquid, and the projection system furthermore comprises an electric signal generator for controlling the activation of said at least one nozzle of the projection head;
  • the processing unit is adapted to activate communication means intended to emit an alert signal to the user when, on the one hand, the measurement means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is at least less than a predetermined maximum value, and on the other hand, the movement detection means do not detect any movement of the tubular element during a predetermined time interval;
  • the liquid projection system has not been activated for a first time interval, the processing unit is adapted to activate for a second time interval of the communication means intended to emit an alert signal, and then to control the activation of the liquid projection system when the measuring means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is again less at the predetermined maximum value and the movement detection means again detect movement of the tubular
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the writing instrument according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • - Figure 2 is a block diagram of the various elements constituting the writing instrument according to the first embodiment
  • - Figure 3 is a block diagram schematically showing the motion detection means of one writing instrument according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the movement detection means of the writing instrument according to a third embodiment.
  • the same references designate identical or similar elements.
  • FIG. 1 represents a writing instrument 1 which comprises a substantially tubular element 2 which extends between a first end 2a and a second end 2b.
  • This tubular element 2 has an internal wall 21 delimiting a hollow interior space, and an external wall 22 intended to be taken in hand by a user.
  • the hollow interior space delimited by the internal wall 21 of the tubular element 2 comprises a liquid reservoir 3 and a projection system 4 of said liquid directly associated with the reservoir 3.
  • the liquid reservoir 3 is removably mounted in the hollow interior of the tubular member 2 so as' to be replaced after exhaustion of said liquid by another tank.
  • the liquid contained in this reservoir can, depending on the use of the instrument, be formed by ink, or by an ink erasing liquid or ink masking when the instrument is used as a corrector or by glue when said instrument is used as an adhesive applicator or sprayer.
  • the projection system 4 is formed by a projection head 41 of liquid directly connected by a channel 31 to the liquid reservoir 3, and by an electric signal generator 42 intended to control the activation or not of said projection head 41.
  • the projection head 41 is a piezoelectric effect projection head which comprises a projection nozzle 43 disposed at the end 2a of the tubular element 2. This end 2a of the tubular element may be constituted by a nozzle directly fitted onto the internal wall 22 of the central part of the tubular element 2.
  • This nozzle 2a has an end orifice in which is disposed the nozzle 43 of the projection head 41.
  • This nozzle projection 43 can be fixedly mounted on the end piece 2a or then retractably by means of an appropriate mechanism in order to accommodate said nozzle inside the end piece avoiding t thus any risk of damage to said nozzle if the writing instrument is not used.
  • the projection head 41 comprises, in a manner known per se, a piezoelectric element adapted to deform when it is subjected to the electrical signals coming from the generator 42 thereby creating microdroplets 7 at the level of the projection nozzle 43 and which are projected on the support 8.
  • the liquid projection system 4 can also be formed by a substrate, for example made of glass, on which is attached at least one resistive heating element positioned at the level of at least one small channel containing a small amount of ink coming from the reservoir 3.
  • a substrate for example made of glass
  • the generator 41 on the resistive element instantly rises in temperature thereby creating a vapor bubble in the ink, which bubble expels a fine droplet 7 of liquid on the support 8.
  • the writing instrument also includes a processing unit 6 intended to activate the generator electrical signals 42 (or electrical pulsation) to allow the projection nozzle 43 of the projection system to project the droplets 7 onto the support 8 remotely.
  • the hollow interior space of the tubular element 2 also comprises at the level of its end 2b an electrical power source formed, for example, by a battery, or even two rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries, allowing by means of a switch 11 the electrical power of the various electrical elements forming one writing instrument.
  • This switch 11 can be replaced by any energizing means operable by '1' user of the instrument, and in particular by means of detection of the grip of the tubular element 2 by the user such as, by example, a capacitive sensor placed at the level of the external wall 22 of the tubular element 2 and intended to detect a pressure when the instrument is taken in hand by the user.
  • the end 2b of the tubular element 2 can for example be in the form of a cap removably mounted on the central part of said tubular element 2 to allow the replacement of the two spent batteries 10 by new batteries.
  • the tubular element 2 also comprises at its end 2a control means 12 for controlling the distance between the projection head 41 and the support 8.
  • control means 12 can be formed by a feeler connected to a detector itself. even connected to the processing unit 6.
  • the control means are formed by measuring means 12 for measuring, without any physical contact of the writing instrument on the support 8, the distance between the projection head 41 and the support 8. More precisely, the measurement means 12 are adapted to measure the distance between the projection nozzle 43 and the support 8.
  • the measurement means 12 are constituted by an optical system 13 which comprises, for example, an infrared LED 13a which sends a beam of incident light FI towards the support 8 so as to create a light spot on said support 8 and a beam of reflected light echo FR which will then be analyzed by a photodiode 13b so as to calculate the angle of inclination of the incident beam FI relative to the support 8.
  • an optical system 13 which comprises, for example, an infrared LED 13a which sends a beam of incident light FI towards the support 8 so as to create a light spot on said support 8 and a beam of reflected light echo FR which will then be analyzed by a photodiode 13b so as to calculate the angle of inclination of the incident beam FI relative to the support 8.
  • the distance between the photodiode 13b and the infrared LED 13a being known and the angle of inclination of the incident light beam FI being calculated, it then suffices to calculate, by simple trigonometric relationships, the distance
  • This photodiode can be formed by a S6560 photodiode sold under the brand HAMAMATSU.
  • the optical system 13 can also comprise means for emitting a conical light beam whose axis of symmetry merges with the longitudinal axis of the tubular element 2.
  • the optical system then comprises a sensor adapted to calculate the radius of the light spot formed by the conical beam on the support 8. The radius of the light spot being proportional to the distance which separates the means of emission of the conical beam from the support 8, it is then possible to determine linearly the distance between the transmission means and the support.
  • the axis of symmetry of the conical beam is inclined relative to the support, the light spot created on the support will no longer be circular but ellipsoidal, and the sensor will also be adapted to measure the length of the minor axis of the ellipsoidal spot so to determine the distance between the means of emission of the conical beam from the support.
  • the length of the minor axis of the ellipsoidal spot is only proportional to the distance which separates the emission means from the support, only the length of the large axis of the ellipsoidal spot being proportional to the inclination of the conical beam.
  • the measuring means 12 can also be constituted by an acoustic ultrasonic probe.
  • the distance measured between the nozzle 43 and the support 8 corresponds to the smallest distance which separates said nozzle 43 from the support 8, regardless of the inclination of the writing instrument relative to the support 8.
  • the optical system 13 which forms the measurement means 12 is directly connected directly to the processing unit 6 which keeps in memory the measurement carried out by the optical system 13.
  • the processing unit can also be adapted to control the system optical 13 to carry out repeated measurement operations in fixed time intervals. These time intervals could for example be between 1 ms and 0.1 seconds.
  • the tubular element 2 also includes motion detection means which, according to the first embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2, are formed by an accelerometer.
  • This accelerometer 14 is directly connected to the processing unit and can be placed anywhere inside said tubular element.
  • the accelerometer can be placed at the end 2b of the tubular element so as to undergo the movements having the greatest amplitude when the user uses the writing instrument.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 When the user wishes to use the writing instrument 1 to write on a support , 2, he first of all tensions the different electrical elements of said pencil by actuating the switch 11.
  • the movement of the writing instrument towards the support 8 is detected by the accelerometer 14 which directly sends a detection signal to the processing unit 6.
  • This processing unit 6 is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system 4 and therefore of the projection of droplets 7 on the support 8 only when the accelerometer 14 detects a movement of the writing instrument and when the measuring means 12 formed by the optical system 13 determine that the distance between the projection nozzle 43 and the support 8 is less than a predetermined maximum value.
  • This predetermined maximum value can for example be, for information, of the order of 1 cm.
  • the processing unit 6 when the measurement means 12 determine that the distance between the nozzle 43 and the support 8 is greater than the predetermined maximum value and that the accelerometer detects a movement of the writing instrument, the processing unit 6 does not - will not command the activation of the projection system and no droplet will be projected on the support 8. Similarly, the processing unit 6 will not control the projection of droplets when the writing instrument is not in motion even if the nozzle 43 is at an adequate distance from the support, that is to say at a distance less than the predetermined maximum value.
  • the accelerometer therefore sends in real time all the acceleration and deceleration measurements to the processing unit 6 according to the movements that the user applies to the writing instrument.
  • the processing unit 6 can then, according to the measurements carried out using the accelerometer, control the electrical signal generator 42 so as to vary the frequency and / or the amplitude of the electrical signals directly sent to the head of spraying liquid 41, thereby proportionally varying the size and / or the frequency of spraying the droplets 7 onto the support 8.
  • the accelerometer then sends the processing unit the acceleration measurement so that said processing unit 6 controls an increase in the frequency of electrical signals so as to increase. the frequency of projection of the droplets 7.
  • a line is thus made as continuous as possible on the support 8 thus avoiding the production of a pattern or a broken line consisting of a succession of droplets more or less spaced apart .
  • the processing unit 6 can then proportionally decrease the frequency of the electrical signals in order to decrease the frequency of projection of droplets 7. This reduction in the frequency of projection of droplets 7 allows avoid an excessive supply of liquid for the production of a pattern when the writing instrument is moved at low speed.
  • the movement detection means are formed by the optical system 13 and the processing unit 6 which determines the speeds or ranges of speed of movement of the head projection 41 with respect to the support 8 as a function of the measurements made by the optical system 13.
  • the optical system 13 may also include an infrared LED 13a which will for example be modulated by means of a modulator 50 so as to reduce the possibility of interference with other light sources.
  • the infrared LED 13a emits a beam of incident light FI towards the support 8 to create a spot luminous on said support and a beam of reflected light FR which will then be analyzed by a photodiode 13b.
  • the reflected light beam FR or the reflected signal is detected and measured using a photodiode making it possible to eliminate the effects of interference so as to make the measurements more reliable.
  • the optical system 13 in cooperation with the control unit 6 be used to provide both an estimate of the distance which separates the projection head 41 from the support 8 but also to estimate the speed of movement of this projection head 41 relative to the support 8.
  • the optical system 13 or more precisely the infrared LED 13a as well as the corresponding photodiode 13b are arranged 'at the level of the projection head 41 so that the optical system can see or observe a small zone of the support 8 which is relatively close to the zone on which the liquid droplets will be affixed without however being exactly superimposed with this zone on which the liquid droplets 7 will be affixed .
  • the infrared LED 13a is for example modulated so as to save the power used and in order to filter background noise as effectively as possible.
  • a typical modulation frequency could for example be in a range from 25 to 30 kHz or even above, avoiding the frequency band between 38 and 40 KHz which is often used for example by infrared remote control systems for televisions.
  • the photodiode 13b as can be seen in FIG.
  • a preamplifier 23 coupled in alternative mode.
  • This preamplifier 23 has a frequency response in passband which is centered around the infrared modulation frequency so as to allow elimination of unwanted signals.
  • different amplification steps coupled in alternative mode may prove necessary. However, these different amplification steps coupled in alternative mode can be located after the demodulator 24 directly located downstream of the preamplifier 23. The alternating signal obtained by means of the preamplifier 23 is then demodulated by the demodulator 24. Additional resistive components can be also added so as to alter the charge and discharge time constants as a function of the frequency response of the detected signals.
  • the demodulated alternating signal is then sent to a low-pass filter 25 so as to determine the amplitude of the demodulated signal which is representative of the distance which separates the optical system 13 from the support 8.
  • the low-pass filter makes it possible to reduce noise unwanted by slightly smoothing the signal.
  • a higher cut-off frequency between 50 and 100 Hz may for example be suitable for this low-pass filter.
  • the demodulated signal is also amplified again in alternative mode so as to extract the data relating to the speed of movement of the writing instrument relative to the support 8. In fact, when the writing instrument is stationary relative to the support 8, the amplitude of the demodulated signal remains constant and no additional AC components is not superimposed on the demodulated signal.
  • the demodulated signal changes in amplitude in relation to the changes in distance between the writing instrument and the support 8 but also in relation to the local changes reflectivity of the paper.
  • these changes in amplitude of the demodulated signal may relate to the support 8, to the surface texture of this support 8, to visible marks or also to lines already produced by means of a projection of liquid droplets on the support.
  • additional alternative components are added to the amplitude of the demodulated signal with an order of magnitude of a few KHz as a function of the speed of movement of l writing instrument relative to the support 8.
  • the frequency components embedded in the demodulated signal are representative of the speed of movement of the writing instrument relative to the support 8.
  • These additional frequency components which can be related to a noise embedded in the demodulated signal and which is representative of the speed of the writing instrument can be analyzed in different ways. For example by means of three filters 26, 27 and 28 each having a predetermined bandwidth so as to extract three different speed ranges, namely a first slow speed range VI of the writing instrument relative to the support 8, a second range of average speeds V2 and a third high speed range V3.
  • Other digital processing of the signals picked up by means of the photodiode 13b can be used such as for example zero crossing detectors.
  • the optical system 13 can also include two photodiodes 13b which are arranged so as to observe two regions adjacent to the inside the light spot obtained by means of the infrared LED 13a on the support 8.
  • the electronic circuit used compares the signals received from the two photodiodes 13b so as to generate an output signal when there is a significant difference between the two signals demodulated obtained.
  • the different output signals thus produced can be analyzed and, for a given surface, the frequency of these signals will then reflect the speed of movement of the writing system relative to the support 8.
  • the system optics 13 may not be provided with lenses but with collimators for example produced by means of an optically black tube at the two ends of which are discs having apertures of very small diameter.
  • the infrared LED 13a can also be replaced by an infrared laser diode.
  • the processing unit 6 can also be adapted to stop the activation of the liquid projection system when the projection nozzle 43 is too close to the support 8 to allow the liquid droplets 7 to be suitably projected on the support.
  • the processing unit 6 will control the activation of the liquid projection system only if the movement detection means 14 or 13 detect a movement of the writing instrument relative to the support and if the optical system 13 determines that the distance between the projection nozzle 43 and the support 8 is within a value range delimited by a predetermined minimum value and a predetermined maximum value.
  • the processing unit 6 can be adapted to activate communication means 16 intended to emit an alert signal when, on the one hand, the optical system 13 determines that the distance between the ink projection head 41 and the support 8 is at least less than a predetermined maximum value, and that on the other hand, the accelerometer 14 or the optical system 13 in relation to the unit processing 6 detects no movement of the projection head 41 relative to the support 8 during a predetermined time interval.
  • These communication means 16 may for example be in the form of a transmitter of visible light signals or an emitter of audible acoustic signals thus allowing the user to know that the liquid projection head 41 or more exactly the nozzle of projection 43 is at an adequate distance from the support to allow activation of the generator 42 of electrical signals and that even an accidental movement of the writing instrument is likely to cause the activation of the projection system 4 and therefore the projection of liquid droplets on the support 8.
  • the processing unit 6 can be adapted to activate the communication means 16 to emit an alert signal when the liquid projection system 4 has not been activated from a given time interval (for example 30 seconds or one minute) and the measuring means 12 detect that the distance is again adequate between the projection head 41 and the support 8 and that the movement detection means 14 or 13, 6 again detect movement of the writing instrument.
  • the processing unit activates the communication means for, for example, a maximum of two seconds to warn the user that the projection of liquid is imminent, and after this maximum time interval of two seconds, the processing unit 6 then activates the liquid projection system 4.
  • FIG. 4 represents a third embodiment of the motion detection means which are here formed by the optical system 13 and the processing unit 6 which will then be adapted to reduce the frequency and / or the amplitude of the electrical signals controlling the activation of the projection head 41 when the optical system 13 detects the presence of liquid 7 on the support 8, which is then representative of a decrease in the speed of movement of the writing system as a whole with respect to the support 8. More exactly as can be seen in this FIG.
  • the optical system is always formed by an infrared LED 13a as well as by a corresponding photodiode 13b which will be equipped with a system of lenses or collimators so as to allow both the determination of the distance which separates the projection head 41 from the support 8 but also for examining the area of the support 8 on which the droplets are intended to be affixed 7.
  • the optical system, or more exactly the LED 13a as well as the photodiode 13b must be arranged with respect to the projection head 41 so that the incident light beam FI as well as the reflected light beam FR are precisely focused on the zone on which the droplets 7 are intended to be affixed.
  • the signals obtained from the photodiode 13b are then processed by means of a preamplifier and a phase detector 29 so as to send the information to the processing unit 6 which in turn will control, on the one hand, the control circuit or the electrical signal generator 42 supplying the projection head 41, and on the other hand, the control circuit of the infrared LED 13a.
  • the processing unit 6 is adapted to allow ejection of droplets 7 from the projection head 41 with a maximum frequency when the distance between the projection head 41 and the support 8 is within an appropriate range and the system optic 13 does not detect the presence of liquid 7 on the support 8. In this case the processing unit 6 controls the ejection of droplets 7 on the support 8 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the optical system 13 then automatically detects the presence of liquid on the support 8 so that the processing unit 6 controls the significant reduction or the shutdown according to the case of the projection of droplets 7 on the support. As soon as the writing instrument is moved, the optical system 13 finds itself in front of a clean area of the support 8 so that the processing unit 6 controls the ejection of droplets at a maximum frequency. Conversely, as soon as the speed of the writing instrument decreases relative to the support 8, the optical system 13 is then capable of detecting the presence of droplets at the level of the projection head 41 so that the unit 6 will then automatically control the decrease in frequency and / or amplitude of the electrical signals sent by the signal generator 42 to the projection head 41. According to this third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the liquid used or the ink used may have reflectivity properties . appropriate to the optical system 13 so that each droplet of liquid 7 affixed to the support 8 is automatically detected by said optical system 13.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a writing tool comprising a liquid ejecting head (41) and a processing unit (6) for actuating said ejecting head. In addition the inventive tool comprises measuring means (12) for measuring the distance between the ejecting head and a support and motion detecting means. The processing unit is adapted for controlling the liquid ejecting head (41) actuation when at least measuring means determines that the distance between the liquid ejecting head (41) and the support is less than a maximum predetermined value and the processing unit is also adapted for managing the ejecting head activation according to a motion detected by motion detecting means.

Description

INSTRUMENT D'ECRITURE A JET DE LIQUIDE LIQUID JET WRITING INSTRUMENT
La présente invention se rapporte aux instruments d'écriture à jet de liquide tel que de l'encre. Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne, parmi ces instruments d'écriture, ceux qui comprennent un élément sensiblement tubulaire qui s'étend entre une première extrémité et une deuxième extrémité et qui est destiné à être pris en main par un utilisateur/ ledit élément tubulaire comportant : - un réservoir de liquide, - un système de projection de liquide comprenant une tête de projection de liquide reliée au réservoir de liquide, la tête de projection étant destinée à projeter à distance le liquide sur un support, et - une unité de traitement destiné à activer le système de projection de liquide pour permettre à la tête de projection de projeter à distance le liquide sur le support. Dans les instruments d'écriture connus de ce type, l'élément tubulaire comprend généralement un palpeur présentant une première extrémité destinée à venir au contact du support lors de l'écriture, et une deuxième extrémité reliée à un mécanisme de détection des mouvements du palpeur en contact avec le support. Ce mécanisme de détection est relié à l'unité de traitement pour permettre l'activation du système de projection de liquide. Ainsi, lorsque l'utilisateur tient en main l'instrument d'écriture et qu'il le rapproche du support, le palpeur vient au contact de la surface du support, ce qui permet au mécanisme de détection d'envoyer un signal à l'unité de traitement pour permettre l'activation de projection de liquide. Dès lors, bien que la tête d'écriture, à savoir la tête de projection de liquide, n'ait plus besoin d'être au contact du support, il est toutefois impératif que le palpeur de l'instrument d'écriture soit, quant à lui, au contact du support pour pouvoir démarrer la projection de liquide. Néanmoins, la projection de liquide sur le support est uniquement liée au fait que le palpeur soit ou non en contact avec le support, la projection de liquide étant alors constante et fixée à un débit prédéterminé tant que le palpeur est en contact avec le support. Dès lors, si l'instrument d'écriture est déplacé à grande vitesse sur le support, la projection de liquide peut s'avérer être insuffisante pour une réalisation convenable d'un trait continu. De même, lorsque l'utilisateur déplace l'instrument d'écriture avec une faible vitesse, la projection de liquide peut alors être trop importante en empêchant donc la réalisation d'un trait convenable. La présente invention a pour but de pallier les problèmes techniques mentionnés ci-dessus, en proposant un instrument d'écriture fiable, simple et qui fournisse un confort d'écriture optimum pour l'utilisateur. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un instrument d'écriture caractérisé en ce que l'élément tubulaire comprend en outre : - des moyens de contrôle de la distance entre la tête de projection et le support, les moyens de contrôle étant reliés à l'unité de traitement, et - des moyens de détection de mouvement de la tête de projection, les moyens de détection de mouvement étant reliés à l'unité de traitement, en ce que l'unité de traitement est adaptée pour commander l'activation du système de projection de liquide lorsque au moins les moyens de contrôle déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection et le support est appropriée, et en ce que l'unité de traitement est adaptée pour faire varier la fréquence et/ou l'amplitude de signaux électriques commandant l'activation du système de projection de liquide en fonction du mouvement détecté par les moyens de détection de mouvement . Grâce à ces dispositions, l'utilisateur de l'instrument commande simplement l'activation de la projection d'encre en rapprochant l'instrument à une distance adéquate du support tout en lui transmettant un mouvement qui sera détecté par l'instrument d'écriture pour faire varier la fréquence et/ou l'amplitude des signaux électriques commandant l'activation du système de projection de liquide. Cette activation de la projection de liquide peut donc être stoppée par l'utilisateur, soit en immobilisant sa main et donc l'instrument, soit en écartant l'instrument d'écriture ou plus exactement la tête de projection de liquide du support. Cet instrument d'écriture permet donc de provoquer une projection contrôlée de liquide en fonction de la vitesse de déplacement de 1 ' instrument dans des conditions optimales qui se rapprochent des conditions d'écriture connues jusqu'à présent avec des instruments d'écriture classiques tels que les stylos à bille ou à feutre. Dans des formes de réalisation préférés de l'invention, on a recours, en outre, à l'une et ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes : - les moyens de contrôle sont formés par des moyens de mesure pour mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection et le support, et l'unité de traitement est adaptée pour commander l'activation du système de projection de liquide lorsque, d'une part, les moyens de mesure déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection et le support est inférieure à une valeur maximale prédéterminée, et que d'autre part, les moyens de détection de mouvement détectent un mouvement ; - les moyens de mesure sont adaptés pour mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection et le support sans contact physique de l'instrument d'écriture avec ledit support ; l'unité de traitement est adaptée pour commander l'activation du système de projection de liquide lorsque, d'une part, les moyens de mesure déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection et le support est comprise entre une valeur minimale prédéterminée et ladite valeur maximale prédéterminée, et que d'autre part, les moyens de détection de mouvement détectent un mouvement . les moyens de mesure comprennent un système optique destiné à mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection et le support ; - les moyens de détection de mouvement sont formés par un accéléromètre ; - les moyens de détection de mouvement sont formés par le système optique et l'unité de traitement qui détermine des vitesses de déplacement de la tête de projection par rapport au support en fonction des mesures effectuées par le système optique ; les moyens de mesure comprennent une sonde acoustique à ultrasons destinée à mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection et le support ; - les moyens de contrôle sont formés par un système optique adapté pour mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection et l'endroit du support où le liquide est destiné à être projeté, - les moyens de détection de mouvement sont formés par le système optique et 1 ' unité de traitement qui est adaptée pour diminuer la fréquence et/ou l'amplitude des signaux électriques commandant l'activation du système de projection lorsque le système optique détecte la présence de liquide sur le support, ce qui est représentatif d'une diminution de la vitesse de déplacement du système d'écriture par rapport au support ; - 1 ' élément tubulaire comprend une source d'alimentation électrique et des moyens de mise sous tension reliés à la source d'alimentation électrique, lesdits moyens de mise sous tension étant actionnables par l'utilisateur pour permettre la mise sous tension du système de projection de liquide, de l'unité de traitement, des moyens de contrôle et de 1 ' accéléromètre ;The present invention relates to liquid jet writing instruments such as ink. More particularly, the invention relates, among these writing instruments, to those which comprise a substantially tubular element which extends between a first end and a second end and which is intended to be taken in hand by a user / said tubular element comprising: - a liquid reservoir, - a liquid projection system comprising a liquid projection head connected to the liquid reservoir, the projection head being intended to project the liquid from a distance onto a support, and - a processing unit intended to activate the liquid projection system to allow the projection head to project the liquid from a distance onto the support. In known writing instruments of this type, the tubular element generally comprises a feeler having a first end intended to come into contact with the support during writing, and a second end connected to a mechanism for detecting the movements of the feeler. in contact with the support. This detection mechanism is connected to the processing unit to enable activation of the liquid projection system. Thus, when the user holds the writing instrument in his hand and brings it closer to the support, the probe comes into contact with the surface of the support, which allows the detection mechanism to send a signal to the processing unit to enable activation of liquid projection. Therefore, although the writing head, namely the liquid projection head, no longer needs to be at contact with the support, it is however imperative that the feeler of the writing instrument is, in turn, in contact with the support to be able to start the projection of liquid. However, the projection of liquid onto the support is only linked to the fact that the probe is in contact with the support or not, the projection of liquid then being constant and fixed at a predetermined flow rate as long as the probe is in contact with the support. Consequently, if the writing instrument is moved at high speed on the support, the projection of liquid may prove to be insufficient for a suitable realization of a continuous line. Likewise, when the user moves the writing instrument with a low speed, the projection of liquid may then be too large, thus preventing the production of a suitable line. The present invention aims to overcome the technical problems mentioned above, by proposing a reliable, simple writing instrument which provides optimum writing comfort for the user. To this end, the invention relates to a writing instrument characterized in that the tubular element further comprises: - means for controlling the distance between the projection head and the support, the control means being connected to the processing unit, and - motion detection means of the projection head, the motion detection means being connected to the processing unit, in that the processing unit is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system when at least the control means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is appropriate, and that the processing unit is adapted to make varying the frequency and / or amplitude of electrical signals controlling the activation of the liquid projection system as a function of the movement detected by the movement detection means. Thanks to these provisions, the user of the instrument simply controls the activation of the ink projection by bringing the instrument at an adequate distance from the support while transmitting to it a movement which will be detected by the writing instrument. to vary the frequency and / or amplitude of the electrical signals controlling the activation of the liquid projection system. This activation of the projection of liquid can therefore be stopped by the user, either by immobilizing his hand and therefore the instrument, or by removing the writing instrument or more exactly the liquid projection head from the support. This writing instrument therefore makes it possible to cause a controlled projection of liquid as a function of the speed of movement of the instrument under optimal conditions which approach the writing conditions known hitherto with conventional writing instruments such as than ballpoint or felt tip pens. In preferred embodiments of the invention, use is also made of one or more of the following provisions: the control means are formed by measuring means for measuring the distance between the projection head and the support, and the processing unit is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system when, on the one hand, the measuring means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is less than a predetermined maximum value, and on the other hand, the detection means of motion detect motion; the measuring means are adapted to measure the distance between the projection head and the support without physical contact of the writing instrument with said support; the processing unit is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system when, on the one hand, the measurement means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is between a predetermined minimum value and said predetermined maximum value, and on the other hand, the movement detection means detect a movement. the measuring means comprise an optical system intended to measure the distance between the projection head and the support; - the motion detection means are formed by an accelerometer; the motion detection means are formed by the optical system and the processing unit which determines the speeds of movement of the projection head relative to the support as a function of the measurements made by the optical system; the measuring means comprise an ultrasonic acoustic probe intended to measure the distance between the projection head and the support; the control means are formed by an optical system suitable for measuring the distance between the projection head and the place of the support where the liquid is intended to be projected, the movement detection means are formed by the optical system and 1 processing unit which is adapted to decrease the frequency and / or the amplitude of the electrical signals controlling the activation of the projection when the optical system detects the presence of liquid on the support, which is representative of a reduction in the speed of movement of the writing system relative to the support; - The tubular element comprises an electrical power source and energizing means connected to the electrical power source, said energizing means being actuable by the user to allow energizing of the projection system liquid, processing unit, control means and 1 accelerometer;
- l'élément tubulaire comprend des moyens d'émission d'un spot lumineux visible sur le support pour représenter le point d'impact de la projection du liquide sur le support ; - la tête de projection de liquide comprend au moins une buse de projection de gouttelettes de liquide, et le système de projection comprend en outre un générateur de signaux électriques pour commander l'activation de ladite au moins une buse de la tête de projection ; - l'unité de traitement est adaptée pour activer des moyens de communication destinés à émettre un signal d'alerte à l'utilisateur lorsque, d'une part, les moyens de mesure déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection et le support est au moins inférieure à une valeur maximale prédéterminée, et que d'autre part, les moyens de détection de mouvement ne détectent aucun mouvement de l'élément tubulaire pendant un intervalle de temps prédéterminé ; - le système de projection de liquide n'a pas été activé pendant un premier intervalle de temps, l'unité de traitement est adaptée pour activer pendant un deuxième intervalle de temps des moyens de communication destinés à émettre un signal d'alerte, et à commander ensuite l'activation du système de projection de liquide lorsque les moyens de mesure déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection et le support est à nouveau inférieure à la valeur maximale prédéterminée et que les moyens de détection de mouvement détectent à nouveau un mouvement de 1 ' élément tubulaire . D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre de plusieurs de ses formes de réalisation, données à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard des dessins joints. Sur les dessins : - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe de l'instrument d'écriture selon un premier mode de réalisation de 1 ' invention ; - la figure 2 est un schéma bloc des différents éléments constituants l'instrument d'écriture conforme au premier mode de réalisation ; - la figure 3 est un schéma bloc représentant schématiquement les moyens de détection de mouvement de 1 ' instrument d ' écriture selon un second mode de réalisation ; et la figure 4 est un schéma bloc représentant schématiquement les moyens de détection de mouvement de l'instrument d'écriture selon un troisième mode de réalisation. Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes références désignent des éléments identiques ou similaires.- The tubular element comprises means for emitting a visible light spot on the support to represent the point of impact of the projection of the liquid on the support; the liquid projection head comprises at least one nozzle for projecting droplets of liquid, and the projection system furthermore comprises an electric signal generator for controlling the activation of said at least one nozzle of the projection head; the processing unit is adapted to activate communication means intended to emit an alert signal to the user when, on the one hand, the measurement means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is at least less than a predetermined maximum value, and on the other hand, the movement detection means do not detect any movement of the tubular element during a predetermined time interval; - the liquid projection system has not been activated for a first time interval, the processing unit is adapted to activate for a second time interval of the communication means intended to emit an alert signal, and then to control the activation of the liquid projection system when the measuring means determine that the distance between the projection head and the support is again less at the predetermined maximum value and the movement detection means again detect movement of the tubular member. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows of several of its embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of the writing instrument according to a first embodiment of the invention; - Figure 2 is a block diagram of the various elements constituting the writing instrument according to the first embodiment; - Figure 3 is a block diagram schematically showing the motion detection means of one writing instrument according to a second embodiment; and FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the movement detection means of the writing instrument according to a third embodiment. In the various figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.
La figure 1 représente un instrument d'écriture 1 qui comprend un élément sensiblement tubulaire 2 qui s'étend entre une première extrémité 2a et une deuxième extrémité 2b. Cet élément tubulaire 2 présente une paroi interne 21 délimitant un espace intérieur creux, et une paroi externe 22 destinée à être prise en main par un utilisateur. L'espace intérieur creux délimité par la paroi interne 21 de l'élément tubulaire 2 comprend un réservoir de liquide 3 et un système de projection 4 dudit liquide directement associé au réservoir 3. Le réservoir de liquide 3 est monté de manière amovible dans l'espace intérieur creux de l'élément tubulaire 2 de manière' à être remplacé après épuisement dudit liquide par un autre réservoir. Le liquide contenu dans ce réservoir peut, suivant les cas d'utilisation de l'instrument, être formé par de l'encre, ou par un liquide effaceur d'encre ou de masquage de l'encre lorsque l'instrument est utilisé comme correcteur ou bien par de la colle lorsque ledit instrument est utilisé comme applicateur ou pulvérisateur de colle. Le système de projection 4 est formé par une tête de projection 41 de liquide directement reliée par un canal 31 au réservoir de liquide 3, et par un générateur de signaux électriques 42 destiné à commander l'activation ou non de ladite tête de projection 41. Dans l'exemple considéré ici, la tête de projection 41 est une tête de projection à effet piézoélectrique qui comporte une buse de projection 43 disposée au niveau de l'extrémité 2a de l'élément tubulaire 2. Cette extrémité 2a de l'élément tubulaire peut être constituée par un embout directement emmanché sur la paroi interne 22 de la partie centrale de l'élément tubulaire 2. Cet embout 2a présente un orifice d'extrémité dans lequel est disposée la buse 43 de la tête de projection 41. Cette buse de projection 43 peut être montée de manière fixe sur l'embout 2a ou alors de manière rétractable au moyen d'un mécanisme approprié afin de loger ladite buse à l'intérieur de l'embout en évitant ainsi tout risque de détérioration de ladite buse en cas de non utilisation de l'instrument d'écriture. La tête de projection 41 comprend, de manière connue en soi, un élément piézoélectrique adapté pour se déformer lorsqu'il est soumis aux signaux électriques provenant du générateur 42 en créant ainsi des microgouttelettes 7 au niveau de la buse de projection 43 et qui sont projetées sur le support 8. Le système de projection 4 de liquide peut également être formé par un substrat, par exemple en verre, sur lequel est rapporté au moins un élément résistif chauffant positionné au niveau d'au moins un canal de faible dimension contenant une petite quantité d'encre provenant du réservoir 3. Ainsi, lorsqu'un signal électrique est généré par le générateur 41 sur l'élément résistif, ce dernier monte instantanément en température en créant ainsi une bulle de vapeur dans l'encre, laquelle bulle expulse une fine gouttelette 7 de liquide sur le support 8. L'instrument d'écriture comporte également une unité de traitement 6 destinée à activer le générateur de signaux électriques 42 (ou pulsation électrique) pour permettre à la buse de projection 43 du système de projection de projeter à distance les gouttelettes 7 sur le support 8. L'espace intérieur creux de l'élément tubulaire 2 comprend également au niveau de son extrémité 2b une source d'alimentation électrique formée, par exemple, par une pile, voire deux piles rechargeables ou non, permettant au moyen d'un interrupteur 11 la mise sous tension électrique des différents éléments électriques formant 1 ' instrument d'écriture. Cet interrupteur 11 peut être remplacé par tous moyens de mise sous tension actionnable par ' 1 'utilisateur de l'instrument, et notamment par des moyens de détection de la prise en main de l'élément tubulaire 2 par l'utilisateur tels que, par exemple, un capteur capacitif disposé au niveau de la paroi externe 22 de l'élément tubulaire 2 et destiné à détecter une pression lors de la prise en main de l'instrument par l'utilisateur. L'extrémité 2b de l'élément tubulaire 2 peut par exemple se présenter sous la forme d'un capuchon monté amovible sur la partie centrale dudit élément tubulaire 2 pour permettre le remplacement des deux piles 10 usagées par des piles neuves. L'élément tubulaire 2 comprend également au niveau de son extrémité 2a des moyens de contrôle 12 pour contrôler la distance entre la tête de projection 41 et le support 8. Ces moyens de contrôle 12 peuvent être formés par un palpeur relié à un détecteur lui-même relié à l'unité de traitement 6. Dans l'exemple considéré ici, les moyens de contrôle sont formés par des moyens de mesure 12 pour mesurer, sans aucun contact physique de l'instrument d'écriture sur le support 8, la distance entre la tête de projection 41 et le support 8. Plus exactement, les moyens de mesure 12 sont adaptés pour mesurer la distance entre la buse de projection 43 et le support 8. Dans ce mode de réalisation, les moyens de mesure 12 sont constitués par un système optique 13 qui comprend, par exemple, une LED infrarouge 13a qui envoie un faisceau de lumière incident FI en direction du support 8 de manière à créer un spot lumineux sur ledit support 8 et un faisceau de lumière réfléchie FR qui seront ensuite analysés par une photodiode 13b de manière à calculer l'angle d'inclinaison du faisceau incident FI par rapport au support 8. La distance entre la photodiode 13b et la LED infrarouge 13a étant connue et l'angle d'inclinaison du faisceau lumineux incident FI étant calculé, il suffit ensuite de calculer, par de simples relations trigonométriques, la distance qui sépare la LED infrarouge du support 8. Cette photodiode peut être formée par une photodiode S6560 commercialisée sous la marque HAMAMATSU. Selon une autre variante de réalisation, le système optique 13 peut également comprendre des moyens d'émission d'un faisceau lumineux conique dont l'axe de symétrie se confond avec 1 ' axe longitudinal de 1 ' élément tubulaire 2. Le système optique comprend alors un capteur adapté pour calculer le rayon du spot lumineux formé par le faisceau conique sur le support 8. Le rayon du spot lumineux étant proportionnel à la distance qui sépare les moyens d'émission du faisceau conique du support 8, il est alors possible de déterminer de manière linéaire la distance entre les moyens d'émission et le support. De même, si l'axe de symétrie du faisceau conique est incliné par rapport au support, le spot lumineux créé sur le support ne sera plus circulaire mais ellipsoïdal, et le capteur sera également adapté pour mesurer la longueur du petit axe du spot ellipsoïdal afin de déterminer la distance qui sépare les moyens d'émission du faisceau conique du support. En effet, dans ce cas et quelle que soit l'inclinaison de l'instrument d'écriture, la longueur du petit axe du spot ellipsoïdal est uniquement proportionnelle à la distance qui sépare les moyens d'émission du support, seule la longueur du grand axe du spot ellipsoïdal étant proportionnelle à l'inclinaison du faisceau conique. Selon une variante de réalisation, les moyens de mesure 12 peuvent également être constitués par une sonde acoustique à ultrasons. Dans ce cas, la distance mesurée entre la buse 43 et le support 8 correspond à la plus petite distance qui sépare ladite buse 43 du support 8 et ce, indépendamment de l'inclinaison de l'instrument d'écriture par rapport au support 8. Comme on peut le voir en référence aux figures 1 et 2, le système optique 13 qui forme les moyens de mesure 12 est directement relié directement à l'unité de traitement 6 qui garde en mémoire la mesure effectuée par le système optique 13. L'unité de traitement peut également être adaptée pour commander au système optique 13 d'effectuer des opérations de mesure répétées dans des intervalles de temps déterminé. Ces intervalles de temps pourraient par exemple être compris entre 1 ms et 0,1 seconde. L'élément tubulaire 2 comprend également des moyens de détection de mouvement qui, selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, sont formés par un accéléromètre. Cet accéléromètre 14 est directement relié à l'unité de traitement et peut être disposé n'importe où à l'intérieur dudit élément tubulaire. A titre d'exemple, 1 ' accéléromètre peut être disposé au niveau de 1 ' extrémité 2b de 1 ' élément tubulaire de manière à subir les mouvements présentant la plus grande amplitude lorsque l'utilisateur utilise l'instrument d'écriture. Le fonctionnement de l'instrument d'écriture va maintenant être décrit en regard des figures 1 et 2. Lorsque l'utilisateur souhaite utiliser l'instrument d'écriture 1 pour écrire sur un support ,2, il met tout d'abord en tension les différents éléments électriques dudit crayon en actionnant l'interrupteur 11. L'utilisateur rapproche alors l'extrémité de l'instrument d'écriture en direction du support 8, de sorte que les moyens de mesure formés par le système optique 13 calculent automatiquement et sans contact physique avec le support 8 la distance qui sépare la buse de projection 43 du support 8. De la même manière, le mouvement de l'instrument d'écriture en direction du support 8 est détecté par 1 'accéléromètre 14 qui envoie directement un signal de détection à l'unité de traitement 6. Cette unité de traitement 6 est adaptée pour commander l'activation du système de projection de liquide 4 et donc de la projection de gouttelettes 7 sur le support 8 uniquement lorsque l 'accéléromètre 14 détecte un mouvement de l'instrument d'écriture et lorsque les moyens de mesure 12 formés par le système optique 13 déterminent que la distance entre la buse de projection 43 et le support 8 est inférieure à une valeur maximale prédéterminée . Cette valeur maximale prédéterminée peut par exemple être, à titre indicatif, de l'ordre de 1 cm. Ainsi, lorsque les moyens de mesure 12 déterminent que la distance entre la buse 43 et le support 8 est supérieure à la valeur maximale prédéterminée et que 1 'accéléromètre détecte un mouvement de l'instrument d'écriture, l'unité de traitement 6 ne- commandera pas l'activation du système de projection et aucune gouttelette ne sera projetée sur le support 8. De même, l'unité de traitement 6 ne commandera pas la projection de gouttelettes lorsque l'instrument d'écriture n'est pas en mouvement même si la buse 43 est à une distance adéquate du support, c'est-à-dire à une distance inférieure à la valeur maximale prédéterminée. L ' accéléromètre envoie donc en temps réel toutes les mesures d'accélération et de décélération à l'unité de traitement 6 suivant les mouvements que l'utilisateur applique à l'instrument d'écriture. L'unité de traitement 6 peut alors, suivant les mesures effectuées à l'aide de 1 'accéléromètre, commander le générateur de signaux électrique 42 de manière à faire varier la fréquence et/ou l'amplitude des signaux électriques directement envoyés à la tête de projection de liquide 41, en faisant ainsi varier proportionnellement la taille et/ou la fréquence de projection des gouttelettes 7 sur le support 8. A titre d'exemple, si l'utilisateur déplace rapidement l'instrument d'écriture lors de son utilisation, 1 ' accéléromètre envoie alors à l'unité de traitement la mesure de l'accélération de telle sorte que ladite unité de traitement 6 commande une augmentation de la fréquence des signaux électriques de manière à augmenter . la fréquence de projection des gouttelettes 7. On réalise ainsi un trait le plus continu possible sur le support 8 en- évitant donc la réalisation d'un motif ou d'une ligne discontinue constituée d'une succession de gouttelettes plus ou moins espacées entre elles. A l'inverse, lorsque 1 ' accéléromètre mesure une décélération, l'unité de traitement 6 peut alors diminuer proportionnellement la fréquence des signaux électriques afin de diminuer la fréquence de projection de gouttelettes 7. Cette diminution de la fréquence de projection des gouttelettes 7 permet d'éviter un apport trop important de liquide pour la réalisation d'un motif lorsque l'instrument d'écriture est déplacé à faible vitesse. Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur la figure 3, les moyens de détection de mouvement sont formés par le système optique 13 et l'unité de traitement 6 qui détermine des vitesses ou des plages de vitesse de déplacement de la tête de projection 41 par rapport au support 8 en fonction des mesures effectuées par le système optique 13. Plus particulièrement, selon ce second mode de réalisation, le système optique 13 peut également comprendre une LED infrarouge 13a qui sera par exemple modulée au moyen d'un modulateur 50 de manière à réduire la possibilité d'interférence avec d'autres sources lumineuses. De cette manière la LED infrarouge 13a émet un faisceau de lumière incident FI en direction du support 8 pour créer un spot lumineux sur ledit support et un faisceau de lumière réfléchi FR qui sera ensuite analysé par une photodiode 13b. A cet effet, le faisceau de lumière réfléchi FR ou le signal réfléchi est détecté et mesuré en utilisant une photodiode permettant d'éliminer les effets des interférences de manière à rendre les mesures plus fiables . Ainsi, selon ce second mode de réalisation, il est proposé que le système optique 13 en coopération avec l'unité de commande 6 soit utilisé pour fournir à la fois une estimation de la distance qui sépare la tête de projection 41 du support 8 mais également pour estimer la vitesse de déplacement de cette tête de projection 41 par rapport au support 8. Dans ce cas, le système optique 13 ou plus précisément la LED infrarouge 13a ainsi que la photodiode correspondante 13b sont agencées' au niveau de la tête de projection 41 de telle sorte que le système optique puisse voir ou observer une petite zone du support 8 qui soit relativement proche de la zone sur laquelle les gouttelettes de liquide seront apposées sans pour autant être exactement superposées avec cette zone sur laquelle les gouttelettes de liquide 7 seront apposées. Ce système requiert que la zone d'observation du système optique 13 sur le support soit relativement petite de telle sorte qu'il peut s'avérer utile d'utiliser des systèmes de lentilles afin de focaliser les différents faisceaux lumineux et réfléchis sur la zone la plus petite possible de manière à conserver les composantes du signal réfléchi relatif à la vitesse de déplacement de l'instrument d'écriture par rapport au support 8. La LED infrarouge 13a est par exemple modulée de manière à économiser la puissance utilisée et afin de filtrer le plus efficacement possible les bruits de fond. Une fréquence de modulation typique pourra par exemple être comprise dans une plage de 25 à 30 kHz voire au-dessus, en évitant la bande de fréquence comprise entre 38 et 40 KHz qui est souvent utilisée par exemple par les systèmes de commande à distance par infrarouge des téléviseurs. La photodiode 13b, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 3, quant à elle, détecte le signal réfléchi directement depuis la surface du support 8, et ce signal est amplifiée au moyen d'un préamplificateur 23 couplé en mode alternatif. Ce préamplificateur 23 présente une réponse fréquentielle en bande passante qui est centrée autour de la fréquence de modulation infrarouge de manière à permettre une élimination des signaux non voulus. En pratique, différentes étapes d'amplification couplée en mode alternatif peuvent s'avérer nécessaires. Néanmoins, ces différentes étapes d'amplification couplée en mode alternatif peuvent être situées après le démodulateur 24 directement situé en aval du préamplificateur 23. Le signal alternatif obtenu au moyen du préamplificateur 23 est ensuite démodulé par le démodulateur 24. Des composants résistifs additionnels peuvent être également rajoutés de manière à altérer les constantes de temps de charge et de décharge en fonction de la réponse fréquentielle des signaux détectés. Le signal alternatif démodulé est ensuite envoyé vers un filtre passe-bas 25 de manière à déterminer l'amplitude du signal démodulé qui est représentatif de la distance qui sépare le système optique 13 du support 8. Le filtre passe-bas permet de réduire les bruits non voulus en lissant légèrement le signal . Une fréquence supérieure de coupure comprise entre 50 et 100 Hz peut par exemple être convenable pour ce filtre passe-bas. Le signal démodulé est également à nouveau amplifié en mode alternatif de manière à extraire les données relatives à la vitesse de déplacement de l'instrument d'écriture par rapport au support 8. En effet, lorsque l'instrument d'écriture est immobile par rapport au support 8, l'amplitude du signal démodulé reste constante et aucun composant alternatif additionnel ne se superpose au signal démodulé. Cependant, lorsque l'instrument d'écriture est déplacé par rapport au support 8, le signal démodulé change d'amplitude en relation avec les changements de distance entre l'instrument d'écriture et le support 8 mais également en relation avec les changements locaux de réflectivité du papier. En fonction du système optique choisi, ces changements d'amplitude du signal démodulé peuvent être relatifs au support 8, à la texture de surface de ce support 8, à des marques visibles ou également à des lignes déjà réalisées au moyen d'une projection de gouttelettes de liquide sur le support. De manière classique, lorsque l'instrument d'écriture est déplacé par rapport au support 8, des composants alternatifs additionnels s'ajoutent à l'amplitude du signal démodulé avec un ordre de grandeur de quelques KHz en fonction de la vitesse de déplacement de l'instrument d'écriture par rapport au support 8. Ainsi, les composantes fréquentielles noyées dans le signal démodulé sont représentatives de la vitesse de déplacement de l'instrument d'écriture par rapport au support 8. Ces composantes fréquentielles additionnelles qui peuvent s'apparenter à un bruit noyé dans le signal démodulé et qui est représentatif de la vitesse de l'instrument d'écriture peut être analysé de différentes manières. Par exemple au moyen de trois filtres 26, 27 et 28 ayant chacun une bande passante prédéterminée de manière à extraire trois plages de vitesses différentes, à savoir une première plage de vitesses lentes VI de l'instrument d'écriture par rapport au support 8, une deuxième plage de vitesses moyennes V2 et une troisième plage de vitesses élevées V3. D'autres traitements numériques des signaux captés au moyen de la photodiode 13b peuvent être utilisés comme par exemple des détecteurs de passages à zéro . Ainsi, lorsque l'instrument d'écriture est immobile par rapport au support 8, aucun bruit relatif au déplacement et à la vitesse de l'instrument d'écriture n'est présent dans le signal démodulé. A l'inverse, lorsque l'instrument d'écriture est déplacé sans contact par rapport au support 8, un bruit est automatiquement généré dans le signal démodulé et ce en fonction du type de surface du support 8, et ce bruit tente à augmenter en fréquence lorsque l'instrument d'écriture est déplacé de plus en plus vite par rapport au support 8. Selon une variante de réalisation, le système optique 13 peut également comprendre deux photodiodes 13b qui sont agencées de manière à observer deux régions adjacentes à l'intérieur du spot lumineux obtenu au moyen de la LED infrarouge 13a sur le support 8. Le circuit électronique utilisé compare ensuite les signaux reçus depuis les deux photodiodes 13b de manière à générer un signal de sortie lorsqu'il existe une différence significative entre les deux signaux démodulés obtenus. Les différents signaux de sortie ainsi produits peuvent être analysés et, pour une surface donnée, la fréquence de ces signaux reflétera alors la vitesse de déplacement du système d'écriture par rapport au support 8. Par ailleurs, selon une variante de réalisation, le système optique 13 peut ne pas être pourvu de lentilles mais de collimateurs par exemple réalisés au moyen d'un tube optiquement noir aux deux extrémités duquel sont rapportés des disques présentant des ouvertures de très faible diamètre . La LED infrarouge 13a peut également être remplacée par une diode laser à infrarouge. Selon une variante de réalisation, l'unité de traitement 6 peut également être adaptée pour stopper l'activation du système de projection de liquide lorsque la buse de projection 43 est trop proche du support 8 pour permettre aux gouttelettes de liquide 7 d'être convenablement projetées sur le support. Dans ce cas, l'unité de traitement 6 commandera l'activation du système de projection de liquide uniquement si les moyens de détection de mouvement 14 ou 13 détectent un mouvement de l'instrument d'écriture par rapport au support et si le système optique 13 détermine que la distance entre la buse de projection 43 et le support 8 est comprise dans une plage de valeur délimitée par une valeur minimale prédéterminée et une valeur maximale prédéterminée. De même, pour permettre un meilleur confort d'écriture à l'utilisateur, l'unité de traitement 6 peut être adaptée pour activer des moyens de communication 16 destinés à émettre un signal d'alerte lorsque, d'une part, le système optique 13 détermine que la distance entre la tête de projection d'encre 41 et le support 8 est au moins inférieure à une valeur maximale prédéterminée, et que d'autre part, 1 ' accéléromètre 14 ou le système optique 13 en relation avec l'unité de traitement 6 ne détecte aucun mouvement de la tête de projection 41 par rapport au support 8 pendant un intervalle de temps prédéterminé. Ces moyens de communication 16 peuvent par exemple se présenter sous la forme d'un émetteur de signaux lumineux visibles ou un émetteur de signaux acoustiques audibles permettant ainsi à l'utilisateur de savoir que la tête de projection de liquide 41 ou plus exactement la buse de projection 43 est à une distance adéquate du support pour permettre une activation du générateur 42 de signaux électriques et qu'un mouvement même accidentel de l'instrument d'écriture est susceptible de provoquer l'activation du système de projection 4 et donc la projection de gouttelettes de liquide sur le support 8. De même, pour permettre un meilleur confort d'écriture à l'utilisateur, l'unité de traitement 6 peut être adaptée pour activer les moyens de communication 16 pour émettre un signal d'alerte lorsque le système de projection 4 de liquide n'a pas été activé depuis un intervalle de temps donné (par exemple 30 secondes ou une minute) et que les moyens de mesure 12 détectent que la distance est à nouveau adéquate entre la tête de projection 41 et le support 8 et que les moyens de détection de mouvement 14 ou 13, 6 détectent à nouveau un mouvement de l'instrument d'écriture. Dans ce cas, l'unité de traitement active les moyens de communication pendant, par exemple, un maximum de deux secondes pour prévenir l'utilisateur que là projection de liquide est imminente, et après cet intervalle de temps maximum de deux secondes, l'unité de traitement 6 active alors le système de projection 4 de liquide. Dans le cas où les moyens de mesure 12 sont formés par une sonde acoustique à ultrasons, l'élément tubulaire 2 peut également être pourvu, au niveau de son extrémité 2a, de moyens d'émission d'un spot lumineux visible sur le support 8, ce spot lumineux étant destiné à représenter le point d'impact des gouttelettes 7 sur le support. La figure 4 représente un troisième mode de réalisation des moyens de détection de mouvement qui sont ici formés par le système optique 13 et l'unité de traitement 6 qui sera alors adaptée pour diminuer la fréquence et/ou l'amplitude des signaux électriques commandant l'activation de la tête de projection 41 lorsque le système optique 13 détecte la présence de liquide 7 sur le support 8, ce qui est alors représentatif d'une diminution de la vitesse de déplacement du système d'écriture dans son ensemble par rapport au support 8. Plus exactement comme on peut le voir sur cette figure 4, le système optique est toujours formé par une LED infrarouge 13a ainsi que par une photodiode correspondante 13b qui seront équipées d'un système de lentilles ou de collimateurs de manière à permettre à la fois la détermination de la distance qui sépare la tête de projection 41 du support 8 mais également pour examiner la zone du support 8 sur laquelle sont destinés à être apposés les gouttelettes 7. Le système optique, ou plus exactement la LED 13a ainsi que la photodiode 13b doivent être agencées par rapport à la tête de projection 41 de telle sorte que le faisceau lumineux incident FI ainsi que le faisceau lumineux réfléchi FR soient focalisés avec précision sur la zone sur laquelle sont destinées à être apposées les gouttelettes 7. Les signaux obtenus à partir de la photodiode 13b sont ensuite traités au moyen d'un préamplificateur et d'un détecteur de phase 29 de manière à envoyer les informations à l'unité de traitement 6 qui commandera à son tour, d'une part, le circuit de commande ou le générateur de signaux électriques 42 alimentant la tête de projection 41, et d'autre part, le circuit de commande de la LED infrarouge 13a. L'unité de traitement 6 est adaptée pour permettre une éjection de gouttelettes 7 à partir de la tête de projection 41 avec une fréquence maximum lorsque la distance entre la tête de projection 41 et le support 8 se trouve dans une plage appropriée et que le système optique 13 ne détecte pas la présence de liquide 7 sur le support 8. Dans ce cas l'unité de traitement 6 commande l'éjection de gouttelettes 7 sur le support 8 tel que représenté sur la figure 4. Si l'instrument d'écriture reste immobile par rapport au support 8, le système optique 13 détecte alors automatiquement la présence de liquide sur le support 8 de telle sorte que l'unité de traitement 6 commande la diminution significative ou l'arrêt suivant les cas de la projection de gouttelettes 7 sur le support. Dès que l'instrument d'écriture est déplacé, le système optique 13 se retrouve devant une zone propre du support 8 de telle sorte que l'unité de traitement 6 commande l'éjection de gouttelettes à une fréquence maximum. A l'inverse, dès que la vitesse de l'instrument d'écriture diminue par rapport au support 8, le système optique 13 est alors susceptible de détecter la présence de gouttelettes au droit de la tête de projection 41 si bien que l'unité de traitement 6 commandera alors automatiquement la diminution de la fréquence et/ou de l'amplitude des signaux électriques envoyés par le générateur de signaux 42 à la tête de projection 41. Selon ce troisième mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 4, le liquide utilisé ou l'encre utilisée peut présenter des propriétés de réflectivité . appropriées par rapport au système optique 13 de telle sorte que chaque gouttelette de liquide 7 apposée sur le support 8 soit automatiquement détectée par ledit système optique 13. FIG. 1 represents a writing instrument 1 which comprises a substantially tubular element 2 which extends between a first end 2a and a second end 2b. This tubular element 2 has an internal wall 21 delimiting a hollow interior space, and an external wall 22 intended to be taken in hand by a user. The hollow interior space delimited by the internal wall 21 of the tubular element 2 comprises a liquid reservoir 3 and a projection system 4 of said liquid directly associated with the reservoir 3. The liquid reservoir 3 is removably mounted in the hollow interior of the tubular member 2 so as' to be replaced after exhaustion of said liquid by another tank. The liquid contained in this reservoir can, depending on the use of the instrument, be formed by ink, or by an ink erasing liquid or ink masking when the instrument is used as a corrector or by glue when said instrument is used as an adhesive applicator or sprayer. The projection system 4 is formed by a projection head 41 of liquid directly connected by a channel 31 to the liquid reservoir 3, and by an electric signal generator 42 intended to control the activation or not of said projection head 41. In the example considered here, the projection head 41 is a piezoelectric effect projection head which comprises a projection nozzle 43 disposed at the end 2a of the tubular element 2. This end 2a of the tubular element may be constituted by a nozzle directly fitted onto the internal wall 22 of the central part of the tubular element 2. This nozzle 2a has an end orifice in which is disposed the nozzle 43 of the projection head 41. This nozzle projection 43 can be fixedly mounted on the end piece 2a or then retractably by means of an appropriate mechanism in order to accommodate said nozzle inside the end piece avoiding t thus any risk of damage to said nozzle if the writing instrument is not used. The projection head 41 comprises, in a manner known per se, a piezoelectric element adapted to deform when it is subjected to the electrical signals coming from the generator 42 thereby creating microdroplets 7 at the level of the projection nozzle 43 and which are projected on the support 8. The liquid projection system 4 can also be formed by a substrate, for example made of glass, on which is attached at least one resistive heating element positioned at the level of at least one small channel containing a small amount of ink coming from the reservoir 3. Thus, when an electrical signal is generated by the generator 41 on the resistive element, the latter instantly rises in temperature thereby creating a vapor bubble in the ink, which bubble expels a fine droplet 7 of liquid on the support 8. The writing instrument also includes a processing unit 6 intended to activate the generator electrical signals 42 (or electrical pulsation) to allow the projection nozzle 43 of the projection system to project the droplets 7 onto the support 8 remotely. The hollow interior space of the tubular element 2 also comprises at the level of its end 2b an electrical power source formed, for example, by a battery, or even two rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries, allowing by means of a switch 11 the electrical power of the various electrical elements forming one writing instrument. This switch 11 can be replaced by any energizing means operable by '1' user of the instrument, and in particular by means of detection of the grip of the tubular element 2 by the user such as, by example, a capacitive sensor placed at the level of the external wall 22 of the tubular element 2 and intended to detect a pressure when the instrument is taken in hand by the user. The end 2b of the tubular element 2 can for example be in the form of a cap removably mounted on the central part of said tubular element 2 to allow the replacement of the two spent batteries 10 by new batteries. The tubular element 2 also comprises at its end 2a control means 12 for controlling the distance between the projection head 41 and the support 8. These control means 12 can be formed by a feeler connected to a detector itself. even connected to the processing unit 6. In the example considered here, the control means are formed by measuring means 12 for measuring, without any physical contact of the writing instrument on the support 8, the distance between the projection head 41 and the support 8. More precisely, the measurement means 12 are adapted to measure the distance between the projection nozzle 43 and the support 8. In this embodiment, the measurement means 12 are constituted by an optical system 13 which comprises, for example, an infrared LED 13a which sends a beam of incident light FI towards the support 8 so as to create a light spot on said support 8 and a beam of reflected light echo FR which will then be analyzed by a photodiode 13b so as to calculate the angle of inclination of the incident beam FI relative to the support 8. The distance between the photodiode 13b and the infrared LED 13a being known and the angle of inclination of the incident light beam FI being calculated, it then suffices to calculate, by simple trigonometric relationships, the distance between the infrared LED support 8. This photodiode can be formed by a S6560 photodiode sold under the brand HAMAMATSU. According to another alternative embodiment, the optical system 13 can also comprise means for emitting a conical light beam whose axis of symmetry merges with the longitudinal axis of the tubular element 2. The optical system then comprises a sensor adapted to calculate the radius of the light spot formed by the conical beam on the support 8. The radius of the light spot being proportional to the distance which separates the means of emission of the conical beam from the support 8, it is then possible to determine linearly the distance between the transmission means and the support. Similarly, if the axis of symmetry of the conical beam is inclined relative to the support, the light spot created on the support will no longer be circular but ellipsoidal, and the sensor will also be adapted to measure the length of the minor axis of the ellipsoidal spot so to determine the distance between the means of emission of the conical beam from the support. Indeed, in this case and whatever the inclination of the writing instrument, the length of the minor axis of the ellipsoidal spot is only proportional to the distance which separates the emission means from the support, only the length of the large axis of the ellipsoidal spot being proportional to the inclination of the conical beam. According to an alternative embodiment, the measuring means 12 can also be constituted by an acoustic ultrasonic probe. In this case, the distance measured between the nozzle 43 and the support 8 corresponds to the smallest distance which separates said nozzle 43 from the support 8, regardless of the inclination of the writing instrument relative to the support 8. As can be seen with reference to Figures 1 and 2, the optical system 13 which forms the measurement means 12 is directly connected directly to the processing unit 6 which keeps in memory the measurement carried out by the optical system 13. The processing unit can also be adapted to control the system optical 13 to carry out repeated measurement operations in fixed time intervals. These time intervals could for example be between 1 ms and 0.1 seconds. The tubular element 2 also includes motion detection means which, according to the first embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2, are formed by an accelerometer. This accelerometer 14 is directly connected to the processing unit and can be placed anywhere inside said tubular element. By way of example, the accelerometer can be placed at the end 2b of the tubular element so as to undergo the movements having the greatest amplitude when the user uses the writing instrument. The operation of the writing instrument will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. When the user wishes to use the writing instrument 1 to write on a support , 2, he first of all tensions the different electrical elements of said pencil by actuating the switch 11. The user then brings the end of the writing instrument towards the support 8, so that the measurement means formed by the optical system 13 automatically calculate and without physical contact with the support 8, the distance which separates the projection nozzle 43 from the support 8. In the same way, the movement of the writing instrument towards the support 8 is detected by the accelerometer 14 which directly sends a detection signal to the processing unit 6. This processing unit 6 is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system 4 and therefore of the projection of droplets 7 on the support 8 only when the accelerometer 14 detects a movement of the writing instrument and when the measuring means 12 formed by the optical system 13 determine that the distance between the projection nozzle 43 and the support 8 is less than a predetermined maximum value. This predetermined maximum value can for example be, for information, of the order of 1 cm. Thus, when the measurement means 12 determine that the distance between the nozzle 43 and the support 8 is greater than the predetermined maximum value and that the accelerometer detects a movement of the writing instrument, the processing unit 6 does not - will not command the activation of the projection system and no droplet will be projected on the support 8. Similarly, the processing unit 6 will not control the projection of droplets when the writing instrument is not in motion even if the nozzle 43 is at an adequate distance from the support, that is to say at a distance less than the predetermined maximum value. The accelerometer therefore sends in real time all the acceleration and deceleration measurements to the processing unit 6 according to the movements that the user applies to the writing instrument. The processing unit 6 can then, according to the measurements carried out using the accelerometer, control the electrical signal generator 42 so as to vary the frequency and / or the amplitude of the electrical signals directly sent to the head of spraying liquid 41, thereby proportionally varying the size and / or the frequency of spraying the droplets 7 onto the support 8. For example, if the user quickly moves the writing instrument during use, the accelerometer then sends the processing unit the acceleration measurement so that said processing unit 6 controls an increase in the frequency of electrical signals so as to increase. the frequency of projection of the droplets 7. A line is thus made as continuous as possible on the support 8 thus avoiding the production of a pattern or a broken line consisting of a succession of droplets more or less spaced apart . Conversely, when the accelerometer measures a deceleration, the processing unit 6 can then proportionally decrease the frequency of the electrical signals in order to decrease the frequency of projection of droplets 7. This reduction in the frequency of projection of droplets 7 allows avoid an excessive supply of liquid for the production of a pattern when the writing instrument is moved at low speed. According to a second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3, the movement detection means are formed by the optical system 13 and the processing unit 6 which determines the speeds or ranges of speed of movement of the head projection 41 with respect to the support 8 as a function of the measurements made by the optical system 13. More particularly, according to this second embodiment, the optical system 13 may also include an infrared LED 13a which will for example be modulated by means of a modulator 50 so as to reduce the possibility of interference with other light sources. In this way the infrared LED 13a emits a beam of incident light FI towards the support 8 to create a spot luminous on said support and a beam of reflected light FR which will then be analyzed by a photodiode 13b. For this purpose, the reflected light beam FR or the reflected signal is detected and measured using a photodiode making it possible to eliminate the effects of interference so as to make the measurements more reliable. Thus, according to this second embodiment, it is proposed that the optical system 13 in cooperation with the control unit 6 be used to provide both an estimate of the distance which separates the projection head 41 from the support 8 but also to estimate the speed of movement of this projection head 41 relative to the support 8. In this case, the optical system 13 or more precisely the infrared LED 13a as well as the corresponding photodiode 13b are arranged 'at the level of the projection head 41 so that the optical system can see or observe a small zone of the support 8 which is relatively close to the zone on which the liquid droplets will be affixed without however being exactly superimposed with this zone on which the liquid droplets 7 will be affixed . This system requires that the observation zone of the optical system 13 on the support is relatively small so that it may prove useful to use lens systems in order to focus the various light and reflected beams on the zone 1. as small as possible so as to keep the components of the reflected signal relative to the speed of movement of the writing instrument relative to the support 8. The infrared LED 13a is for example modulated so as to save the power used and in order to filter background noise as effectively as possible. A typical modulation frequency could for example be in a range from 25 to 30 kHz or even above, avoiding the frequency band between 38 and 40 KHz which is often used for example by infrared remote control systems for televisions. The photodiode 13b, as can be seen in FIG. 3, meanwhile, detects the signal reflected directly from the surface of the support 8, and this signal is amplified by means of a preamplifier 23 coupled in alternative mode. This preamplifier 23 has a frequency response in passband which is centered around the infrared modulation frequency so as to allow elimination of unwanted signals. In practice, different amplification steps coupled in alternative mode may prove necessary. However, these different amplification steps coupled in alternative mode can be located after the demodulator 24 directly located downstream of the preamplifier 23. The alternating signal obtained by means of the preamplifier 23 is then demodulated by the demodulator 24. Additional resistive components can be also added so as to alter the charge and discharge time constants as a function of the frequency response of the detected signals. The demodulated alternating signal is then sent to a low-pass filter 25 so as to determine the amplitude of the demodulated signal which is representative of the distance which separates the optical system 13 from the support 8. The low-pass filter makes it possible to reduce noise unwanted by slightly smoothing the signal. A higher cut-off frequency between 50 and 100 Hz may for example be suitable for this low-pass filter. The demodulated signal is also amplified again in alternative mode so as to extract the data relating to the speed of movement of the writing instrument relative to the support 8. In fact, when the writing instrument is stationary relative to the support 8, the amplitude of the demodulated signal remains constant and no additional AC components is not superimposed on the demodulated signal. However, when the writing instrument is moved relative to the support 8, the demodulated signal changes in amplitude in relation to the changes in distance between the writing instrument and the support 8 but also in relation to the local changes reflectivity of the paper. Depending on the optical system chosen, these changes in amplitude of the demodulated signal may relate to the support 8, to the surface texture of this support 8, to visible marks or also to lines already produced by means of a projection of liquid droplets on the support. Conventionally, when the writing instrument is moved relative to the support 8, additional alternative components are added to the amplitude of the demodulated signal with an order of magnitude of a few KHz as a function of the speed of movement of l writing instrument relative to the support 8. Thus, the frequency components embedded in the demodulated signal are representative of the speed of movement of the writing instrument relative to the support 8. These additional frequency components which can be related to a noise embedded in the demodulated signal and which is representative of the speed of the writing instrument can be analyzed in different ways. For example by means of three filters 26, 27 and 28 each having a predetermined bandwidth so as to extract three different speed ranges, namely a first slow speed range VI of the writing instrument relative to the support 8, a second range of average speeds V2 and a third high speed range V3. Other digital processing of the signals picked up by means of the photodiode 13b can be used such as for example zero crossing detectors. Thus, when the writing instrument is stationary relative to the support 8, no noise relating to the displacement and to the speed of the writing instrument is present in the demodulated signal. Conversely, when the writing instrument is moved without contact relative to the support 8, noise is automatically generated in the demodulated signal and this as a function of the surface type of the support 8, and this noise tries to increase in frequency when the writing instrument is moved faster and faster relative to the support 8. According to an alternative embodiment, the optical system 13 can also include two photodiodes 13b which are arranged so as to observe two regions adjacent to the inside the light spot obtained by means of the infrared LED 13a on the support 8. The electronic circuit used then compares the signals received from the two photodiodes 13b so as to generate an output signal when there is a significant difference between the two signals demodulated obtained. The different output signals thus produced can be analyzed and, for a given surface, the frequency of these signals will then reflect the speed of movement of the writing system relative to the support 8. Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment, the system optics 13 may not be provided with lenses but with collimators for example produced by means of an optically black tube at the two ends of which are discs having apertures of very small diameter. The infrared LED 13a can also be replaced by an infrared laser diode. According to an alternative embodiment, the processing unit 6 can also be adapted to stop the activation of the liquid projection system when the projection nozzle 43 is too close to the support 8 to allow the liquid droplets 7 to be suitably projected on the support. In this case, the processing unit 6 will control the activation of the liquid projection system only if the movement detection means 14 or 13 detect a movement of the writing instrument relative to the support and if the optical system 13 determines that the distance between the projection nozzle 43 and the support 8 is within a value range delimited by a predetermined minimum value and a predetermined maximum value. Similarly, to allow better writing comfort for the user, the processing unit 6 can be adapted to activate communication means 16 intended to emit an alert signal when, on the one hand, the optical system 13 determines that the distance between the ink projection head 41 and the support 8 is at least less than a predetermined maximum value, and that on the other hand, the accelerometer 14 or the optical system 13 in relation to the unit processing 6 detects no movement of the projection head 41 relative to the support 8 during a predetermined time interval. These communication means 16 may for example be in the form of a transmitter of visible light signals or an emitter of audible acoustic signals thus allowing the user to know that the liquid projection head 41 or more exactly the nozzle of projection 43 is at an adequate distance from the support to allow activation of the generator 42 of electrical signals and that even an accidental movement of the writing instrument is likely to cause the activation of the projection system 4 and therefore the projection of liquid droplets on the support 8. Similarly, to allow better writing comfort for the user, the processing unit 6 can be adapted to activate the communication means 16 to emit an alert signal when the liquid projection system 4 has not been activated from a given time interval (for example 30 seconds or one minute) and the measuring means 12 detect that the distance is again adequate between the projection head 41 and the support 8 and that the movement detection means 14 or 13, 6 again detect movement of the writing instrument. In this case, the processing unit activates the communication means for, for example, a maximum of two seconds to warn the user that the projection of liquid is imminent, and after this maximum time interval of two seconds, the processing unit 6 then activates the liquid projection system 4. In the case where the measuring means 12 are formed by an acoustic ultrasonic probe, the tubular element 2 can also be provided, at its end 2a, with means for emitting a visible light spot on the support 8 , this light spot being intended to represent the point of impact of the droplets 7 on the support. FIG. 4 represents a third embodiment of the motion detection means which are here formed by the optical system 13 and the processing unit 6 which will then be adapted to reduce the frequency and / or the amplitude of the electrical signals controlling the activation of the projection head 41 when the optical system 13 detects the presence of liquid 7 on the support 8, which is then representative of a decrease in the speed of movement of the writing system as a whole with respect to the support 8. More exactly as can be seen in this FIG. 4, the optical system is always formed by an infrared LED 13a as well as by a corresponding photodiode 13b which will be equipped with a system of lenses or collimators so as to allow both the determination of the distance which separates the projection head 41 from the support 8 but also for examining the area of the support 8 on which the droplets are intended to be affixed 7. The optical system, or more exactly the LED 13a as well as the photodiode 13b must be arranged with respect to the projection head 41 so that the incident light beam FI as well as the reflected light beam FR are precisely focused on the zone on which the droplets 7 are intended to be affixed. The signals obtained from the photodiode 13b are then processed by means of a preamplifier and a phase detector 29 so as to send the information to the processing unit 6 which in turn will control, on the one hand, the control circuit or the electrical signal generator 42 supplying the projection head 41, and on the other hand, the control circuit of the infrared LED 13a. The processing unit 6 is adapted to allow ejection of droplets 7 from the projection head 41 with a maximum frequency when the distance between the projection head 41 and the support 8 is within an appropriate range and the system optic 13 does not detect the presence of liquid 7 on the support 8. In this case the processing unit 6 controls the ejection of droplets 7 on the support 8 as shown in FIG. 4. If the writing instrument remains stationary relative to the support 8, the optical system 13 then automatically detects the presence of liquid on the support 8 so that the processing unit 6 controls the significant reduction or the shutdown according to the case of the projection of droplets 7 on the support. As soon as the writing instrument is moved, the optical system 13 finds itself in front of a clean area of the support 8 so that the processing unit 6 controls the ejection of droplets at a maximum frequency. Conversely, as soon as the speed of the writing instrument decreases relative to the support 8, the optical system 13 is then capable of detecting the presence of droplets at the level of the projection head 41 so that the unit 6 will then automatically control the decrease in frequency and / or amplitude of the electrical signals sent by the signal generator 42 to the projection head 41. According to this third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the liquid used or the ink used may have reflectivity properties . appropriate to the optical system 13 so that each droplet of liquid 7 affixed to the support 8 is automatically detected by said optical system 13.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Instrument d'écriture comprenant un élément sensiblement tubulaire (2) qui s'étend entre une première extrémité (2a) et une deuxième extrémité (2b) et qui est destiné à être pris en main par un utilisateur, ledit élément tubulaire (2) comportant: - un réservoir de liquide (3) , - un système de projection (4) de liquide comprenant une tête de projection (41) de liquide reliée au réservoir de liquide (3) , la tête de projection (41) étant destinée à projeter à distance le liquide sur un support (8) , et - une unité de traitement (6) destiné à activer le système de projection (4) de liquide pour permettre à la tête de projection (41) de projeter à distance le liquide sur le support (8) , caractérisé en ce que l'élément tubulaire (2) comprend en outre : - des moyens de contrôle (12) de la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8) , les moyens de contrôle (12) étant reliés à l'unité de traitement (6), et - des moyens de détection de mouvement (14,-13, 6) de la tête de projection (41) , les moyens de détection de mouvement (14;13,6) étant reliés à l'unité de traitement (6), en ce que l'unité de traitement (6) est adaptée pour commander l'activation du système de projection (4) de liquide lorsque au moins les moyens de contrôle (12) déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8) est appropriée, et en ce que l'unité de traitement (6) est adaptée pour faire varier la fréquence et/ou l'amplitude de signaux électriques commandant l'activation du système de projection (4) de liquide en fonction du mouvement détecté par les moyens de détection de mouvement (14; 13, 6). 1. Writing instrument comprising a substantially tubular element (2) which extends between a first end (2a) and a second end (2b) and which is intended to be taken in hand by a user, said tubular element (2 ) comprising: - a liquid reservoir (3), - a liquid projection system (4) comprising a projection head (41) of liquid connected to the liquid reservoir (3), the projection head (41) being intended to project the liquid remotely onto a support (8), and - a processing unit (6) intended to activate the liquid projection system (4) to allow the projection head (41) to project the liquid from a distance on the support (8), characterized in that the tubular element (2) further comprises: - control means (12) of the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8), the means control (12) being connected to the processing unit (6), and - detection means movement ion (14, -13, 6) of the projection head (41), the movement detection means (14; 13.6) being connected to the processing unit (6), in that the processing unit (6) is adapted to control the activation of the liquid projection system (4) when at least the control means (12) determine that the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8) is suitable, and in that the processing unit (6) is adapted to vary the frequency and / or the amplitude of electrical signals controlling the activation of the projection system (4) of liquid as a function of the movement detected by the movement detection means (14; 13, 6).
2. Instrument selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de contrôle (12) sont formés par des moyens de mesure (12) pour mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8), et l'unité de traitement (6) est adaptée pour commander l'activation du système de projection (4) de liquide lorsque, d'une part, les moyens de mesure (12) déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8) est inférieure à une valeur maximale prédéterminée, et que d'autre part, les moyens de détection de mouvement (14 ; 13,6) détectent un mouvement . 2. Instrument according to claim 1, wherein the control means (12) are formed by measuring means (12) for measuring the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8), and the unit processing device (6) is suitable for controlling the activation of the liquid projection system (4) when, on the one hand, the measuring means (12) determine that the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8) is less than a predetermined maximum value, and on the other hand, the movement detection means (14; 13,6) detect a movement.
3. Instrument selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les moyens de mesure (12) sont adaptés pour mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8) sans contact physique de l'instrument d'écriture (1) avec ledit support (8) . 3. Instrument according to claim 2, wherein the measuring means (12) are adapted to measure the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8) without physical contact of the writing instrument (1) with said support (8).
4. Instrument selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3 , dans lequel l'unité de traitement (6) est adaptée pour commander l'activation du système de projection (4) de liquide lorsque, d'une part, les moyens de mesure (12) déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8) est comprise entre une valeur minimale prédéterminée et ladite valeur maximale prédéterminée, et que d'autre part, les moyens de détections de mouvement détectent un mouvement de l'élément tubulaire (2) . 4. Instrument according to any one of claims 2 and 3, wherein the processing unit (6) is adapted to control the activation of the projection system (4) of liquid when, on the one hand, the means of measurement (12) determine that the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8) is between a predetermined minimum value and said predetermined maximum value, and that on the other hand, the motion detection means detect a movement of the tubular element (2).
5. Instrument selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel les moyens de mesure (12) comprennent un système optique (13) destiné à mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection et le support. 5. Instrument according to any one of claims 2 to 4, in which the measuring means (12) comprise an optical system (13) intended to measure the distance between the projection head and the support.
6. Instrument d'écriture selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel les moyens de détection de mouvement sont formés par un accéléromètre. 6. Writing instrument according to any one of previous claims wherein the motion detection means are formed by an accelerometer.
7. Instrument selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les moyens de détection de mouvement sont formés par le système " optique (13) et l'unité de traitement (6) qui détermine des vitesses de déplacement de la tête de projection (41) par rapport au support (8) en fonction des mesures effectuées par le système optique (13) . 7. The instrument as claimed in claim 5, in which the motion detection means are formed by the optical system (13) and the processing unit (6) which determines the displacement speeds of the projection head (41) by relative to the support (8) as a function of the measurements made by the optical system (13).
8. Instrument selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel les moyens de mesure (12) comprennent une sonde acoustique à ultrasons destinée à mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8) . 8. Instrument according to any one of claims 2 to 4, in which the measuring means (12) comprise an ultrasonic acoustic probe intended to measure the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8).
9. Instrument d'écriture selon la revendication 1, dans lequel : les moyens de contrôle (12) sont formés par un système optique (13) adapté pour mesurer la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et l'endroit du support (8) où le liquide est destiné à être projeté, - les moyens de détection de mouvement sont formés par le système optique (13) et l'unité de traitement (6) qui est adaptée pour diminuer la fréquence et/ou l'amplitude des signaux électriques commandant l'activation du système de projection (4) lorsque le système optique (13) détecte la présence de liquide sur le support (8) , ce qui est représentatif d'une diminution de la vitesse de déplacement du système d'écriture par rapport au support (8) . 9. writing instrument according to claim 1, in which: the control means (12) are formed by an optical system (13) adapted to measure the distance between the projection head (41) and the location of the support ( 8) where the liquid is intended to be sprayed, - the movement detection means are formed by the optical system (13) and the processing unit (6) which is adapted to reduce the frequency and / or the amplitude of the electrical signals controlling the activation of the projection system (4) when the optical system (13) detects the presence of liquid on the support (8), which is representative of a decrease in the speed of movement of the writing system relative to the support (8).
10. Instrument selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément tubulaire (2) comprend une source d'alimentation électrique (10) et des moyens de mise sous tension (11) reliés à la source d'alimentation électrique (10), lesdits moyens de mise sous tension (11) étant actionnables par l'utilisateur pour permettre la mise sous tension du système de projection (4) de liquide, de l'unité de traitement (6), des moyens de contrôle (12) et de 1 ' accéléromètre (14). 10. Instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the tubular element (2) comprises an electric power source (10) and tensioning means (11) connected to the electric power source ( 10), said tensioning means (11) being actuable by the user for allow the liquid projection system (4), the processing unit (6), the control means (12) and the accelerometer (14) to be powered up.
11. Instrument selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément tubulaire (2) comprend des moyens d'émission d'un spot lumineux visible sur le support pour représenter le point d'impact de la projection du liquide sur le support (8) . 11. Instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the tubular element (2) comprises means for emitting a visible light spot on the support to represent the point of impact of the projection of the liquid on the support (8).
12. Instrument selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la tête de projection (41) de liquide comprend au moins une buse de projection (43) de gouttelettes (7) de liquide, et le système de projection (4) comprend en outre un générateur de signaux électriques (42) pour commander l'activation de ladite au moins une buse (43) de la tête de projection (41) . 12. Instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the liquid spray head (41) comprises at least one spray nozzle (43) of droplets (7) of liquid, and the spray system (4) comprises furthermore an electrical signal generator (42) for controlling the activation of said at least one nozzle (43) of the projection head (41).
13. Instrument selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 12 , dans lequel l'unité de traitement (6) est adaptée pour activer des moyens de communication (16) destinés à émettre un signal d'alerte à l'utilisateur lorsque, d'une part, les moyens de mesure (12) déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8) est au moins inférieure à une valeur maximale prédéterminée, et que d'autre part, les moyens de détection de mouvement ne détectent aucun mouvement de l'élément tubulaire (2) pendant un intervalle de temps prédéterminé. 13. Instrument according to any one of claims 2 to 12, in which the processing unit (6) is adapted to activate communication means (16) intended to emit an alert signal to the user when, d on the one hand, the measuring means (12) determine that the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8) is at least less than a predetermined maximum value, and that on the other hand, the detection means of movement do not detect any movement of the tubular element (2) during a predetermined time interval.
14. Instrument selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 13, dans lequel, lorsque le système de projection (4) de liquide n'a pas été activé pendant un premier intervalle de temps, l'unité de traitement (6) est adaptée pour activer pendant un deuxième intervalle de temps des moyens de communication (16) destinés à émettre un signal d'alerte, et à commander ensuite l'activation du système de projection (4) de liquide lorsque les moyens de mesure (12) déterminent que la distance entre la tête de projection (41) et le support (8) est à nouveau inférieure à la valeur maximale prédéterminée et que les moyens de détection de mouvement détectent à nouveau un mouvement de l'élément tubulaire (2). 14. Instrument according to any one of claims 2 to 13, in which, when the projection system (4) of liquid has not been activated for a first time interval, the processing unit (6) is adapted to activate during a second time interval communication means (16) intended to emit an alert signal, and then to control the activation of the liquid projection system (4) when the means of measurement (12) determine that the distance between the projection head (41) and the support (8) is again less than the predetermined maximum value and that the movement detection means again detect a movement of the tubular element ( 2).
EP04816400A 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Liquid jet writing tool Not-in-force EP1713646B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0315080A FR2863938B1 (en) 2003-12-19 2003-12-19 LIQUID SPREADING INSTRUMENT
PCT/FR2004/003260 WO2005061245A1 (en) 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Liquid jet writing tool

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1713646A1 true EP1713646A1 (en) 2006-10-25
EP1713646B1 EP1713646B1 (en) 2010-04-14

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EP04816400A Not-in-force EP1713646B1 (en) 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Liquid jet writing tool

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US (1) US7393098B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1713646B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4762910B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100473542C (en)
AU (1) AU2004305273B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0417693A (en)
CA (1) CA2549858C (en)
DE (1) DE602004026641D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2340856T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2863938B1 (en)
MX (1) MXPA06006939A (en)
WO (1) WO2005061245A1 (en)

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FR2952450B1 (en) * 2009-11-12 2012-06-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique PORTABLE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRINTING AN IMAGE, RECORDING MEDIUM, PEN AND TERMINAL FOR THIS DEVICE
CN109513563B (en) * 2017-09-18 2020-05-22 北京派和科技股份有限公司 Piezoelectric ceramic injection valve and injection device
FR3083146B1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-06-19 Aptar France Sas FLUID PRODUCT DISPENSER.
CN112534274B (en) * 2018-07-25 2023-10-13 株式会社大赛璐 Measurement system, measurement method, injector, and injection method for injecting solution containing biological molecule into cell to be injected using the injector

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MXPA06006939A (en) 2006-08-23
ES2340856T3 (en) 2010-06-10
AU2004305273B2 (en) 2010-09-30
AU2004305273A1 (en) 2005-07-07
CN100473542C (en) 2009-04-01
US20050206690A1 (en) 2005-09-22
US7393098B2 (en) 2008-07-01
JP4762910B2 (en) 2011-08-31
FR2863938A1 (en) 2005-06-24
DE602004026641D1 (en) 2010-05-27
EP1713646B1 (en) 2010-04-14
CN1890113A (en) 2007-01-03
CA2549858A1 (en) 2005-07-07
WO2005061245A1 (en) 2005-07-07
BRPI0417693A (en) 2007-04-03
FR2863938B1 (en) 2006-03-03
JP2007515316A (en) 2007-06-14
CA2549858C (en) 2012-07-31

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