EP1712751B1 - Static mixer - Google Patents
Static mixer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1712751B1 EP1712751B1 EP06112249A EP06112249A EP1712751B1 EP 1712751 B1 EP1712751 B1 EP 1712751B1 EP 06112249 A EP06112249 A EP 06112249A EP 06112249 A EP06112249 A EP 06112249A EP 1712751 B1 EP1712751 B1 EP 1712751B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fins
- axis
- strips
- aforesaid
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 39
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4315—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
- B01F25/3141—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/431974—Support members, e.g. tubular collars, with projecting baffles fitted inside the mixing tube or adjacent to the inner wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
- B01F2025/913—Vortex flow, i.e. flow spiraling in a tangential direction and moving in an axial direction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
- F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a static mixer, in particular a mixer able to dissolve a nebulized solution in a gaseous current, more in particular a solution of reagent able to develop ammonia in the current of exhaust gases of an engine equipped with an SCR system for reduction of nitric oxides.
- nitric oxides are discharged with the exhaust gases of the engine and represent one of the main pollutants.
- SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
- the ammonia is usually introduced in the form of a reagent, preferably liquid, able to release ammonia in suitable temperature conditions, or due to the action of specific catalysts, directly in the nitric oxide reduction system.
- the preferred source is usually urea in aqueous solution, for example between 10 and 60% in weight (concentrations of around 32.5% are preferred) from which the ammonia is obtained through hydrolysis.
- the urea may be introduced in various ways, and is generally nebulized in the current of exhaust gases, upstream of a converter containing the SCR catalyzer.
- Air type nebulization systems exist, that is to say in which the liquid is mixed with pressurized air and the mix thus obtained is expanded introducing this in the exhaust gas line, or the solution is sprayed using a specific injection device, or injector, usually passing the liquid at a certain pressure through a nozzle or valve, without using air.
- This latter method has aroused growing interest as mixing with pressurized air promotes precipitation of solids from the solution of urea which may cause problems to the nebulization system.
- pressurized-air systems are very expensive, with much more complex functioning compared with injectors that do not use air.
- a static mixer comprising a duct having a longitudinal axis adapted to be run through by a gaseous current in a direction parallel to said axis, a plurality of fins each able to impart to the gas a tangential velocity component with respect to the aforesaid axis.
- a first set of the cited fins arranged around the aforesaid axis is such as to impart to the gas a global rotary movement around such axis, while a second set of the fins is arranged around the aforesaid first set in such a way as to impart to the gas a global rotary movement around the aforesaid axis in the opposite sense with respect to that imparted by the first set.
- Figures 3, 4 and 5 are two orthogonal views and a prospect view respectively of a strip with a number of fins, forming part of a mixer according to the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a prospect view of another strip, able to cooperate with that shown in figures 3, 4 and 5 .
- Figure 1 shows an exhaust gas pipe 1 of an internal combustion engine. It is equipped with a static mixer 20 according to the present invention.
- the mixer 20 includes a duct 2 having a longitudinal axis 9 that may be a symmetrical axis of the mixer or part of this.
- the gases pass through the pipe in the direction of arrow A, parallel to axis 9, and a current of gas flows through the mixer in this direction.
- the mixer includes a structure 3, which may be mesh shaped, and supports a plurality of fins 14, each able to imbue the gases with a tangential velocity component with respect to axis 9; according to a possible embodiment of the invention, these are flat fins; the plane in which they lay forms an angle with axis 9 preferably of between 10 and 45°, for example around 30°.
- Structure 3 may consist of flat strips arranged parallel to axis 9 so as to apply minimum possible resistance to the flow of gases.
- the fins may be tapered starting from their base 25 up to the free end 26, that is to say basically in the direction of the flow of gases.
- first set of fins 21 each capable of conferring a tangential component on the current of gas.
- the direction in which the gas flows is now directed towards the observer.
- the fins 21 confer a direct tangential component from their base 25 to their free end 26: it is easy to note how the first set of fins confers, generally, on the gases a clockwise direction of rotation for the observer (counterclockwise with respect to the gases that flow).
- Fins 22 which, around the first set of fins, represent the second series and induce a rotary movement around axis 9 counterclockwise for the observer. It can be noted that it is possible that not all the fins of one set contribute to the rotary movement as specified above.
- part of the fins impart to the gas a direct tangential component towards the wall of duct 2 and whose contribution to the rotary movement may be nil or even negative (although almost nil, anyway) with respect to the global rotation induced by the second set of fins.
- this takes place due to construction reasons. If considered necessary, it is also possible to use twisted fins so that these provide their contribution to the rotation required.
- Other fins may be of different shape from the others so as not to interfere with other structures such as the wall of the duct 2.
- the supporting structure 3 with the fins can be constructed, according to an embodiment, using a set of strips 27 with fins along one edge.
- Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 show strips 27 and 27', of basically rectangular shape, with a number of fins 14 on their longer sides 30.
- the fins are flat and lie in sloping planes with respect to the plane of the strip which forms an angle ⁇ corresponding to the angle that fins must form with axis 9 (with which, as can be seen in figure 1 , the plane of the strips will lie parallel).
- the slope of the fins is alternate with respect to the plane of the strip as can be seen in the prospect views of figures 5 and 6 .
- a first set of strips 27 may have notches of a length at least equal to half of their shorter side which lead out from the longer side 30 perpendicular to this.
- a second set of strips 27' intended to be fitted perpendicularly to strips 27 will have the notches ( figure 6 ) leading out of the longer side 31 opposite to that with the fins.
- a mesh type structure 3 as shown above.
- the strips may be suitably joined together and to the duct 2 in a known manner, for example by welding or push-fit or combining such techniques. More complex structures than that shown (with a total of four strips) may also be obtained in a similar manner.
- the structure shown comprises 16 fins and combines maximum simplicity of construction with considerable efficiency.
- the mixer according to the present invention permits good mixing with reduced pressure drops. Due to the counter-rotary rotational movements induced, the general centrifugal effect of the gases is reduced sufficiently to avoid problems of concentration of the reagents towards the outside as described above.
- the mixer described may form part of a mixing module, which represents a further embodiment of the invention, able for example to inject and dissolve a solution of urea in a current of exhaust gases, for example in the current of exhaust gases of an engine equipped with SCR catalytic system.
- a mixing module which represents a further embodiment of the invention, able for example to inject and dissolve a solution of urea in a current of exhaust gases, for example in the current of exhaust gases of an engine equipped with SCR catalytic system.
- this includes pipe 1 and mixer 20.
- the module may include means of injection of a solution of urea upstream of the mixer, for example an injector suitably fixed in the portion of pipe 6.
- a clearance 4 is equal to between 1/20 and 1/15 of the inner diameter of the duct in the case of a circular section duct, and its value may preferably be between 3 and 10 mm, for example around 5 mm.
- the mixer is characterized by a certain insulation against heat towards the outside which is advantageous if the liquid is injected so that the liquid sprayed may be trapped by the current of gas and directed inside the static mixer, while part of the current of exhaust gas without the liquid sprayed or with the reduced quantity thereof, flows in clearance 4.
- the gas that flows in clearance 4 further reduces the effect of any centrifugal force present in the gas leaving from the mixer.
- the invention also refers to an internal combustion engine, preferably diesel, equipped with an SCR catalytic system and a mixer as described above, located in the exhaust gas pipe leaving out of the engine and a vehicle, for example an industrial vehicle, equipped with said engine.
- an internal combustion engine preferably diesel, equipped with an SCR catalytic system and a mixer as described above, located in the exhaust gas pipe leaving out of the engine and a vehicle, for example an industrial vehicle, equipped with said engine.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
- The present invention refers to a static mixer, in particular a mixer able to dissolve a nebulized solution in a gaseous current, more in particular a solution of reagent able to develop ammonia in the current of exhaust gases of an engine equipped with an SCR system for reduction of nitric oxides.
- One of the most pressing problems in the field of internal combustion engines, in particular as regards diesel engines, is the formation of nitric oxides during combustion; these nitric oxides are discharged with the exhaust gases of the engine and represent one of the main pollutants. Although various solutions have been proposed to reduce the formation of these compounds, their level in the exhaust gases still represents a problem and, also considering application of ever stricter legal regulations, systems for reduction of nitric oxides in exhaust gases must be used. One of these solutions is known as the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system; this is based on the reaction, promoted by a suitable catalytic system, between the nitric oxides present in the exhaust gases and ammonia specifically introduced as reducing agent. The ammonia is usually introduced in the form of a reagent, preferably liquid, able to release ammonia in suitable temperature conditions, or due to the action of specific catalysts, directly in the nitric oxide reduction system. The preferred source is usually urea in aqueous solution, for example between 10 and 60% in weight (concentrations of around 32.5% are preferred) from which the ammonia is obtained through hydrolysis.
- The urea may be introduced in various ways, and is generally nebulized in the current of exhaust gases, upstream of a converter containing the SCR catalyzer. Air type nebulization systems exist, that is to say in which the liquid is mixed with pressurized air and the mix thus obtained is expanded introducing this in the exhaust gas line, or the solution is sprayed using a specific injection device, or injector, usually passing the liquid at a certain pressure through a nozzle or valve, without using air. This latter method has aroused growing interest as mixing with pressurized air promotes precipitation of solids from the solution of urea which may cause problems to the nebulization system. Furthermore, pressurized-air systems are very expensive, with much more complex functioning compared with injectors that do not use air.
- On the other hand, air-less systems are less effective in dissolving the liquid. To promote dissolution of the solution in the current of gas, a static mixer is often used located ahead of a catalytic converter, even more necessary if the injection system does not use air.
- For example, from
patent document GB 2.381.218A - However, the capabilities of the cited existing mixer are not satisfactory as regards performance. To combine high dispersion efficiency with acceptable pressure drops and with structures that are not too complex to obtain, many types of mixers used confer tangential velocity components on the gas with respect to the axis of the ducts, for example with a set of propeller-type elements that induce general rotation of the mass downstream of the mixer. As a result, the gas and in particular the urea and its decomposition products, tend to concentrate towards the outside of the tubes and this effect is propagated as far as the catalytic converter; as a result, this does not operate in an uniform manner and its efficiency is considerably impaired. Furthermore, in the absence of the mixer, distribution of the reagent in the gas would be entirely inadequate and the catalyzer could not work. It is therefore desirable to be able to dissolve the reagent in the current of exhaust gases without encountering the aforementioned problems while using a static mixer of simple construction such that the gaseous current that passes through this is not affected by excess pressure drops.
- The aforementioned problems have been solved according to the present invention using a static mixer for a current of gas comprising:
- a duct having a longitudinal axis adapted to be run through by a gaseous current in a direction parallel to said axis; a plurality of fins each able to impart to the gas a tangential velocity component with respect to the aforesaid axis; a first set of the aforesaid fins arranged around the aforesaid axis is such as to impart to the gas a global rotary movement around such axis;
- a second set of the aforesaid fins arranged around the aforesaid first set in such a way as to impart to the gas a global rotary movement around the aforesaid axis in the opposite sense with respect to that imparted by the first set, the mixer being characterized in that said fins are defined on the edges of at least a first and a second set of strips forming a mesh-type supporting structure;; said fins having an alternated sloped configuration with respect of the plane of said strips.
- The invention refers in particular to the contents of the claims attached.
- The present invention will now be illustrated with a detailed description of preferred but not exclusive embodiments provided for example purposes only with the aid of
figures 1 and 2 attached which show a lengthwise section and a front view respectively of an exhaust gas pipe of an internal combustion engine, including a mixer according to the present invention. -
Figures 3, 4 and 5 are two orthogonal views and a prospect view respectively of a strip with a number of fins, forming part of a mixer according to the present invention. -
Figure 6 is a prospect view of another strip, able to cooperate with that shown infigures 3, 4 and 5 . - Referring to
figures 1 and 2 , a static mixer according to the present invention is described. -
Figure 1 shows an exhaust gas pipe 1 of an internal combustion engine. It is equipped with astatic mixer 20 according to the present invention. Themixer 20 includes aduct 2 having alongitudinal axis 9 that may be a symmetrical axis of the mixer or part of this. The gases pass through the pipe in the direction of arrow A, parallel toaxis 9, and a current of gas flows through the mixer in this direction. The mixer includes astructure 3, which may be mesh shaped, and supports a plurality offins 14, each able to imbue the gases with a tangential velocity component with respect toaxis 9; according to a possible embodiment of the invention, these are flat fins; the plane in which they lay forms an angle withaxis 9 preferably of between 10 and 45°, for example around 30°.Structure 3 may consist of flat strips arranged parallel toaxis 9 so as to apply minimum possible resistance to the flow of gases. The fins may be tapered starting from theirbase 25 up to thefree end 26, that is to say basically in the direction of the flow of gases. - With reference to
figure 2 , it is possible to identify a first set offins 21 each capable of conferring a tangential component on the current of gas. The direction in which the gas flows is now directed towards the observer. Thefins 21 confer a direct tangential component from theirbase 25 to their free end 26: it is easy to note how the first set of fins confers, generally, on the gases a clockwise direction of rotation for the observer (counterclockwise with respect to the gases that flow). Fins 22 which, around the first set of fins, represent the second series and induce a rotary movement aroundaxis 9 counterclockwise for the observer. It can be noted that it is possible that not all the fins of one set contribute to the rotary movement as specified above. For example, in the case indicated, part of the fins, of which one is indicated with reference 22', impart to the gas a direct tangential component towards the wall ofduct 2 and whose contribution to the rotary movement may be nil or even negative (although almost nil, anyway) with respect to the global rotation induced by the second set of fins. In the case shown in the example, this takes place due to construction reasons. If considered necessary, it is also possible to use twisted fins so that these provide their contribution to the rotation required. Other fins may be of different shape from the others so as not to interfere with other structures such as the wall of theduct 2. - According to requirements, it is also possible to envisage more than two sets of fins that create alternate rotational movements. It has been found that, for the application described, the presence of only two sets is sufficient to already guarantee sufficient mixing in the case also of injection of a solution of urea not assisted with pressurized air.
- The supporting
structure 3 with the fins can be constructed, according to an embodiment, using a set ofstrips 27 with fins along one edge.
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 ,show strips 27 and 27', of basically rectangular shape, with a number offins 14 on theirlonger sides 30. - According to an embodiment of the invention, the fins are flat and lie in sloping planes with respect to the plane of the strip which forms an angle α corresponding to the angle that fins must form with axis 9 (with which, as can be seen in
figure 1 , the plane of the strips will lie parallel). The slope of the fins is alternate with respect to the plane of the strip as can be seen in the prospect views offigures 5 and 6 . A first set ofstrips 27 may have notches of a length at least equal to half of their shorter side which lead out from thelonger side 30 perpendicular to this. A second set of strips 27' intended to be fitted perpendicularly tostrips 27 will have the notches (figure 6 ) leading out of thelonger side 31 opposite to that with the fins. In this way, suitably inserting the notches ofstrips 27 in those of strips 27' it is possible to construct amesh type structure 3 as shown above. The strips may be suitably joined together and to theduct 2 in a known manner, for example by welding or push-fit or combining such techniques. More complex structures than that shown (with a total of four strips) may also be obtained in a similar manner. - The structure shown comprises 16 fins and combines maximum simplicity of construction with considerable efficiency.
- The mixer according to the present invention permits good mixing with reduced pressure drops. Due to the counter-rotary rotational movements induced, the general centrifugal effect of the gases is reduced sufficiently to avoid problems of concentration of the reagents towards the outside as described above.
- The mixer described may form part of a mixing module, which represents a further embodiment of the invention, able for example to inject and dissolve a solution of urea in a current of exhaust gases, for example in the current of exhaust gases of an engine equipped with SCR catalytic system. Referring to
figure 1 , this includes pipe 1 andmixer 20. - The module may include means of injection of a solution of urea upstream of the mixer, for example an injector suitably fixed in the portion of pipe 6.
- According to a possible embodiment of the invention, between the pipe and the duct, which are preferably coaxial, there is a clearance 4. This clearance is equal to between 1/20 and 1/15 of the inner diameter of the duct in the case of a circular section duct, and its value may preferably be between 3 and 10 mm, for example around 5 mm.
- In this way, the mixer is characterized by a certain insulation against heat towards the outside which is advantageous if the liquid is injected so that the liquid sprayed may be trapped by the current of gas and directed inside the static mixer, while part of the current of exhaust gas without the liquid sprayed or with the reduced quantity thereof, flows in clearance 4.
- In fact, deposits due to urea decomposition products, possibly on relatively cold surfaces, are avoided. In the project, due consideration will be given to how the jet fans out, on leaving the injection device, and the mixer may be shaped so as to shield the walls of the pipe 1 from the jet, as shown in
figure 1 . - Furthermore, the gas that flows in clearance 4, further reduces the effect of any centrifugal force present in the gas leaving from the mixer.
- The invention also refers to an internal combustion engine, preferably diesel, equipped with an SCR catalytic system and a mixer as described above, located in the exhaust gas pipe leaving out of the engine and a vehicle, for example an industrial vehicle, equipped with said engine.
Claims (7)
- Static mixer for a current of gas comprising a duct (2) having a longitudinal , axis (9) adapted to be run through by a gaseous current in a direction parallel to said axis; a plurality of fins (14) each able to impart to the gas a tangential velocity component with respect to the aforesaid axis; a first set of the aforesaid fins (21) arranged around the aforesaid axis is such as to impart to the gas a global rotary movement around such axis; a second set of the aforesaid fins (22) arranged around the aforesaid first set in such a way as to impart to the gas a global rotary movement around the aforesaid axis in the opposite sense with respect to that imparted by the first set, the mixer being characterized in that said fins (14;21,22) are defined on the edges of at least a first and a second set of strips (27,27') forming a mesh-type supporting structure (3); said fins (14;21,22) having an alternated sloped configuration with respect of the plane of said strips (27,27').
- Static mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that said strips (27,27') of said first and said second set have a rectangular shape, with said fins (14;21,22) placed on longer sides of said strips (27,27').
- Static mixer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said fins (14;21,22) are flat and that the plane in which they lie forms an angle (α) with said axis (9) of between 10 and 45°.
- Static mixer according to any claim 1 to 3, characterized in that said strips (27) of first set have notches adapted to insert on notches of the strips (27') of said second set for forming said mesh-type supporting structure (3).
- Mixing module including static mixer according to any previous claim 1 to 4.
- Internal combustion engine, preferably diesel, fitted with an SCR catalytic system and a mixer according to any claim from 1 to 4, placed in the exhaust gas tube leading out of the engine.
- Vehicle fitted with an engine according to claim 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000655A ITMI20050655A1 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2005-04-15 | STATIC MIXER |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1712751A2 EP1712751A2 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
EP1712751A3 EP1712751A3 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
EP1712751B1 true EP1712751B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
Family
ID=34956776
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06112249A Active EP1712751B1 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2006-04-05 | Static mixer |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1712751B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2390348T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITMI20050655A1 (en) |
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DE19934413A1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-01-25 | Siemens Ag | Apparatus for introducing an additive into an exhaust gas in the exhaust gas line of a diesel engine comprises a nozzle and mixers which are combined to form a constructive and functional component |
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2005
- 2005-04-15 IT IT000655A patent/ITMI20050655A1/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-04-05 ES ES06112249T patent/ES2390348T3/en active Active
- 2006-04-05 EP EP06112249A patent/EP1712751B1/en active Active
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CN106401711A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-02-15 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | Honeycomb hemisphere open type urea mixing device |
CN106401711B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-10-19 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | Honeycomb hemisphere open type urea mixing device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1712751A2 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
ITMI20050655A1 (en) | 2006-10-16 |
EP1712751A3 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
ES2390348T3 (en) | 2012-11-12 |
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