EP1711756A1 - Air conditioning unit - Google Patents

Air conditioning unit

Info

Publication number
EP1711756A1
EP1711756A1 EP04821176A EP04821176A EP1711756A1 EP 1711756 A1 EP1711756 A1 EP 1711756A1 EP 04821176 A EP04821176 A EP 04821176A EP 04821176 A EP04821176 A EP 04821176A EP 1711756 A1 EP1711756 A1 EP 1711756A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
air conditioning
refrigerant
conditioning system
flowed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04821176A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Björn Lindner
Christoph Walter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1711756A1 publication Critical patent/EP1711756A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F28D1/0443—Combination of units extending one beside or one above the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00957—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising locations with heat exchange within the refrigerant circuit itself, e.g. cross-, counter-, or parallel heat exchange
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0073—Gas coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0085—Evaporators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air conditioning system, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • air conditioning systems which have a heat exchanger serving as an evaporator and a heat exchanger serving as a condenser, which are formed separately.
  • a compact system for heating and engine cooling is known from DE 197 40 291 A1.
  • the engine cooler and heating heat exchanger are combined to form a common, cylindrical heat exchanger and air flows through them by means of a first radial fan, around which the heat exchanger is arranged concentrically.
  • Another radial fan provides fresh air.
  • an axially symmetrical construction of the first fan, heat exchanger and chamber systems is provided.
  • Each blower is arranged in a chamber system assigned to the respective blower, the blowers being flanged onto a common drive shaft.
  • the first chamber system assigned to the heat exchanger comprises a first mixing chamber axially spaced from the first radial fan with a fresh air inlet opening and an air inlet opening on the interior side, and a first suction chamber connected to the first radial fan and axially symmetrically surrounded by the heat exchanger with a heat air outlet outlet opening on the interior side and an engine outlet.
  • the second chamber system comprises a second mixing chamber axially spaced from the second radial blower with a fresh air inlet opening and an air inlet opening on the interior side, and a second suction chamber connected to the second mixing chamber and axially symmetrically surrounded by the second radial blower with a mixed air outlet opening on the interior side and an engine compartment side
  • an air conditioning system in particular for a motor vehicle, is provided with at least one heat exchanger serving as an evaporator and one heat exchanger serving as a condenser, in which at least two heat exchangers act as a single combined heat exchanger are trained.
  • the fact that the two heat exchangers according to the prior art are replaced by a single combined heat exchanger, which is integrated in a single, appropriately designed and switchable refrigerant circuit, can reduce the number of pipe connections and thus the total weight of the air conditioning system. Manufacturing costs can also be reduced. By reducing the number and length of the pipe connections, the reliability and tightness of the air conditioning system can also be improved.
  • the combined heat exchanger is preferably designed in such a way that one or more of the individual heat exchangers can be flowed through in different flow directions, so that the utilization of the heat exchanger can be optimized.
  • Three heat exchangers are preferably designed as a combined heat exchanger. Two of these three heat exchangers are preferably flowed through in a heat pump mode and / or in a reheat mode. However, one of the heat exchangers through which flow flows differs in the different operating modes. In cooling operation, all three heat exchangers are preferably flowed through.
  • 1 is a circuit of a combined heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of the invention
  • 2a shows a circuit of a circuit of a combined heat exchanger according to a further exemplary embodiment in cooling operation
  • FIG. 2b shows the circuit of Fig. 4a with a circuit in heat pump operation
  • FIG. 2d shows a circuit variant of FIGS. 2a-2c with a water-side heat pump in heat pump operation.
  • a circuit 101 is shown in simplified form, as used in the first embodiment.
  • a compressor 102 is provided which has a refrigerant through a first heat exchanger 103, an internal heat exchanger 104 connected via a connecting flange, a control valve 105 (expansion valve), which is preferably flanged directly to the heat exchanger 103 by means of a further connecting flange, a second heat exchanger 103 '.
  • a collector 106 and again the internal heat exchanger 104 promotes.
  • C0 2 R744
  • C0 2 R744
  • the two heat exchangers 103 and 103 ' are in this case designed as a single heat exchanger block, that is to say they are produced in a single common workflow and are firmly soldered to one another, which is why they are referred to below as a combined heat exchanger 103/103'.
  • the first heat exchanger 103 serves as a gas cooler and the second heat exchanger 103 ′ as an evaporator.
  • thermal decoupling is provided between the two integrally formed heat exchangers 103 and 103 ', which have a continuous fin / tube system.
  • liquid, condensed refrigerant can be transferred directly from the heat exchanger 103 via a valve to the heat exchanger 103 '.
  • Figures 2a to 2c show a circuit diagram for different operating modes, namely the operation as a cooler (Fig. 2a), as a heat pump (Fig. 2b) and as a heater (Fig. 2c), a combined heat exchanger 203/2037203 ", which corresponds to the the first embodiment is formed as a block, that is in one piece.
  • the entire combined heat exchanger 203/2037203 "is flowed through by refrigerant, the corresponding circuit 201 being flowed through as follows:
  • the refrigerant is conveyed by a compressor 202 through a first switching valve S1 to the air-cooled, first heat exchanger 203
  • the first heat exchanger 203 serves as a gas cooler, that is to say in this heat exchanger 203 the refrigerant gives off heat to the ambient air flowing through the first heat exchanger 203.
  • the cooled refrigerant passes through an internal heat exchanger 204 and a control valve 205 (expansion valve) to the second heat exchanger 203 'and from there directly to the third heat exchanger 203 ".
  • the refrigerant returns to the collector 206 and the internal heat exchanger 204 Compressor 202. Due to the direction of flow of the refrigerant in cooling mode, the first heat exchanger 203 has a progressive characteristic, while the second heat exchanger 203 ′′ and the third heat exchanger 203 ′′ have a degressive characteristic.
  • the second heat exchanger 203' serves as an auxiliary heater, that is to say in this second heat exchanger 203 'The refrigerant gives off heat to the air flowing through the second heat exchanger 203', which is used for tempering the vehicle interior.
  • the cooled refrigerant passes via the control valve 205 and via a bypass regulated by means of a third switching valve S3 past the internal heat exchanger 204 directly to the first heat exchanger 203, which is likewise flowed through in the opposite direction and serves as an evaporator in this operating mode. that is, in this first heat exchanger 203, the refrigerant releases heat to the ambient air flowing through the first heat exchanger 203.
  • the refrigerant reaches the collector 206 via a fourth switching valve S4 and from there via the internal heat exchanger 204, which is inoperative in this operating state, to the compressor 202. Due to the direction of flow of the refrigerant in heat pump operation, the first heat exchanger 203 has a degressive characteristic, while the second heat exchanger 203 'has a progressive characteristic ' .
  • a simple, unregulated check valve can also be provided due to the pressure conditions and flow directions.
  • the third switching valve S3 and the corresponding bypass are not required.
  • the third heat exchanger 203" is larger than the second heat exchanger 203 ', which has effects particularly in heat pump operation.
  • a strip is soldered onto which the individual switching valves S1-S5 and the control valve 205 are attached, in particular screwed on.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2c. 2d shows a water-side heat pump.
  • an additional refrigerant evaporator 220 is provided parallel to the third heat exchanger 203 ′′, a 3/2-way valve V1 being arranged in the circuit 201.
  • a corresponding circuit is also suitable, for example, for fuel cell drives.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an air conditioning unit, in particular, for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one heat exchanger (103; 203; 203'; 203'), operating as an evaporator and at least one heat exchanger (103'; 203; 203'), operating as a condenser, whereby at least two heat exchangers are embodied as a single combined heat exchanger (103/103'; 203/203'/203').

Description

Klimaanlage air conditioning
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Klimaanlage, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an air conditioning system, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Gemäß dem Stand der Technik werden üblicherweise Klimaanlagen verwendet, die einen als Verdampfer dienenden Wärmetauscher und einen als Kondensator dienenden Wärmetauscher aufweisen, welche getrennt ausgebildet sind.According to the prior art, air conditioning systems are usually used which have a heat exchanger serving as an evaporator and a heat exchanger serving as a condenser, which are formed separately.
Ferner ist aus der DE 197 40 291 A1 ein Kompaktsystem für Heizung und Motor-Kühlung bekannt. Hierbei sind Motor-Kühler und Heizungs- Wärmetauscher zu einem gemeinsamen, zylindrischen Wärmetauscher zusammengefasst und werden mittels eines ersten Radialgebläses, um das der Wärmetauscher konzentrisch angeordnet ist, mit Luft durchströmt. Ein weiteres Radialgebläse sorgt für Frischluftzufuhr. Hierbei ist ein axialsymmetrischer Aufbau von erstem Gebläse, Wärmetauscher und Kammersystemen vorgesehen. Jedes Gebläse ist in einem dem jeweiligen Gebläse zugeordneten Kammersystem angeordnet, wobei die Gebläse auf einer gemeinsamen Antriebswelle aufgeflanscht sind. Dabei umfasst das dem Wärmetauscher zugeordnete erste Kammersystem eine vom ersten Radialgebläse axial beabstandete erste Mischkammer mit einer Frischlufteinlassöffnung und einer innenraumseitigen Umlufteinlassöffnung, und eine mit der ersten Mischkammer verbundene und vom ersten Radialgebläse mit Wärmetauscher axialsymmetrisch umgebene erste Ansaugkammer mit einer innenraumseitigen Warmluftauslassöffnung und einer motorraumseitigen Abluftauslassöffnung.Furthermore, a compact system for heating and engine cooling is known from DE 197 40 291 A1. Here, the engine cooler and heating heat exchanger are combined to form a common, cylindrical heat exchanger and air flows through them by means of a first radial fan, around which the heat exchanger is arranged concentrically. Another radial fan provides fresh air. Here, an axially symmetrical construction of the first fan, heat exchanger and chamber systems is provided. Each blower is arranged in a chamber system assigned to the respective blower, the blowers being flanged onto a common drive shaft. The first chamber system assigned to the heat exchanger comprises a first mixing chamber axially spaced from the first radial fan with a fresh air inlet opening and an air inlet opening on the interior side, and a first suction chamber connected to the first radial fan and axially symmetrically surrounded by the heat exchanger with a heat air outlet outlet opening on the interior side and an engine outlet.
Das zweite Kammersystem umfasst eine vom zweiten Radialgebläse axial beabstandete zweite Mischkammer mit einer Frischlufteinlassöffnung und einer innenraumseitigen Umlufteinlassöffnung, und eine mit der zweiten Mischkammer verbundene und vom zweiten Radialgebläse axialsymmetrisch umgebene zweite Ansaugkammer mit einer innenraumseitigen Mischluftauslassöffnung und einer motorraumseitigenThe second chamber system comprises a second mixing chamber axially spaced from the second radial blower with a fresh air inlet opening and an air inlet opening on the interior side, and a second suction chamber connected to the second mixing chamber and axially symmetrically surrounded by the second radial blower with a mixed air outlet opening on the interior side and an engine compartment side
Mischluftauslassöffnung.Mischluftauslassöffnung.
Auch eine derartige, kompakte Klimaanlage lässt noch Wünsche offen.Such a compact air conditioning system also leaves something to be desired.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine verbesserte Klimaanlage zur Verfügung zu stellen.It is an object of the invention to provide an improved air conditioning system.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Klimaanlage mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by an air conditioning system with the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Klimaanlage, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit mindestens einem als Verdampfer dienenden Wärmetauscher und einem als Kondensator dienenden Wärmetauscher vorgesehen, bei der mindestens zwei Wärmetauscher als ein einziger kombinierter Wärmetauscher ausgebildet sind. Dadurch, dass die beiden Wärmetauscher gemäß dem Stand der Technik durch einen einzigen kombinierten Wärmetauscher ersetzt werden, welcher in einen einzigen, entsprechend ausgebildeten und schaltbaren Kältemittel-Kreislauf eingebunden ist, lässt sich die Zahl der Rohrverbindungen und damit auch das Gesamtgewicht der Klimaanlage verringern. Ebenfalls können die Herstellungskosten gesenkt werden. Durch die Verringerung der Anzahl und Länge der Rohrverbindungen lässt sich ferner die Verlässlichkeit und Dichtheit der Klimaanlage verbessern.According to the invention, an air conditioning system, in particular for a motor vehicle, is provided with at least one heat exchanger serving as an evaporator and one heat exchanger serving as a condenser, in which at least two heat exchangers act as a single combined heat exchanger are trained. The fact that the two heat exchangers according to the prior art are replaced by a single combined heat exchanger, which is integrated in a single, appropriately designed and switchable refrigerant circuit, can reduce the number of pipe connections and thus the total weight of the air conditioning system. Manufacturing costs can also be reduced. By reducing the number and length of the pipe connections, the reliability and tightness of the air conditioning system can also be improved.
Bevorzugt ist hierbei der kombinierte Wärmetauscher derart ausgebildet, dass einer oder mehrere der einzelnen Wärmetauscher in unterschiedlichen Strömungsrichtungen durchströmbar sind, so dass die Ausnutzung des Wärmetauschers optimiert werden kann.The combined heat exchanger is preferably designed in such a way that one or more of the individual heat exchangers can be flowed through in different flow directions, so that the utilization of the heat exchanger can be optimized.
Bevorzugt sind drei Wärmetauscher als ein kombinierter Wärmetauscher ausgebildet. Von diesen drei Wärmetauschern werden vorzugsweise zwei in einem Wärmepumpen-Betrieb und/oder in einem Reheat-Betrieb durchströmet. Hierbei unterscheidet sich bei den verschiedenen Betriebsarten jedoch einer der durchströmten Wärmetauscher. Im Kühlbetrieb werden vorzugsweise alle drei Wärmetauscher durchströmt.Three heat exchangers are preferably designed as a combined heat exchanger. Two of these three heat exchangers are preferably flowed through in a heat pump mode and / or in a reheat mode. However, one of the heat exchangers through which flow flows differs in the different operating modes. In cooling operation, all three heat exchangers are preferably flowed through.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung im Einzelnen erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:The invention is explained in detail below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1 einen Kreislauf eines kombinierten Wärmetauschers gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, Fig. 2a eine Schaltung eines Kreislaufs eines kombinierten Wärmetauschers gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels im Kühlbetrieb,1 is a circuit of a combined heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of the invention, 2a shows a circuit of a circuit of a combined heat exchanger according to a further exemplary embodiment in cooling operation,
Fig. 2b den Kreislauf von Fig. 4a mit einer Schaltung im Wärmepumpen-Betrieb,2b shows the circuit of Fig. 4a with a circuit in heat pump operation,
Fig. 2c den Kreislauf von Fig. 4a mit einer Schaltung im Reheat- Betrieb, undFig. 2c, the circuit of Fig. 4a with a circuit in the reheat mode, and
Fig. 2d eine Darstellung einer Kreislauf-Variante zu den Figuren 2a-2c mit wasserseitiger Wärmepumpe im Wärmepumpen-Betrieb.FIG. 2d shows a circuit variant of FIGS. 2a-2c with a water-side heat pump in heat pump operation.
In Fig. 1 ist vereinfacht ein Kreislauf 101 dargestellt, wie er gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel verwendet wird. Hierbei ist ein Kompressor 102 vorgesehen, welcher ein Kältemittel durch einen ersten Wärmetauscher 103, einen über einen Anschlussflansch angeschlossenen internen Wärmetauscher 104, ein Regelventil 105 (Expansionsventil), das vorzugsweise direkt am Wärmetauscher 103 mittels eines weiteren Anschlussflansches anflanscht ist, einen zweiten Wärmetauscher 103', einen Sammler 106 und nochmals den internen Wärmetauscher 104 fördert. Als Kältemittel kann beispielsweise C02 (R744) verwendet werden. Die beiden Wärmetauscher 103 und 103' sind hierbei als ein einziger Wärmetauscherblock ausgebildet, das heißt, sie sind in einem einzigen gemeinsamen Arbeitsablauf hergestellt und fest miteinander verlötet, weshalb im Folgenden auf sie auch als kombinierter Wärmetauscher 103/103' Bezug genommen wird. Der erste Wärmetauscher 103 dient gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel als Gaskühler und der zweite Wärmetauscher 103' als Verdampfer. Gemäß dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist zwischen den beiden einstückig ausgebildeten Wärmetauschern 103 und 103', welche ein durchgehendes Rippe/Rohr-System aufweisen, eine thermische Entkopplung vorgesehen.In Fig. 1, a circuit 101 is shown in simplified form, as used in the first embodiment. In this case, a compressor 102 is provided which has a refrigerant through a first heat exchanger 103, an internal heat exchanger 104 connected via a connecting flange, a control valve 105 (expansion valve), which is preferably flanged directly to the heat exchanger 103 by means of a further connecting flange, a second heat exchanger 103 '. , a collector 106 and again the internal heat exchanger 104 promotes. For example, C0 2 (R744) can be used as the refrigerant. The two heat exchangers 103 and 103 'are in this case designed as a single heat exchanger block, that is to say they are produced in a single common workflow and are firmly soldered to one another, which is why they are referred to below as a combined heat exchanger 103/103'. According to the exemplary embodiment, the first heat exchanger 103 serves as a gas cooler and the second heat exchanger 103 ′ as an evaporator. According to the present exemplary embodiment, thermal decoupling is provided between the two integrally formed heat exchangers 103 and 103 ', which have a continuous fin / tube system.
Gemäß einer alternativen, nicht in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsform, insbesondere beim Kältemittel R134a kann ein direkter Übertritt von flüssigem, kondensiertem Kältemittel vom Wärmetauscher 103 über ein Ventil zum Wärmetauscher 103' erfolgen.According to an alternative embodiment, not shown in the drawing, in particular with the refrigerant R134a, liquid, condensed refrigerant can be transferred directly from the heat exchanger 103 via a valve to the heat exchanger 103 '.
Die Figuren 2a bis 2c zeigen ein Schaltschema für verschiedene Betriebsarten, nämlich den Betrieb als Kühler (Fig. 2a), als Wärmepumpe (Fig. 2b) und als Heizer (Fig. 2c), eines kombinierten Wärmetauschers 203/2037203", welcher entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel als ein Block, das heißt einstückig, ausgebildet ist.Figures 2a to 2c show a circuit diagram for different operating modes, namely the operation as a cooler (Fig. 2a), as a heat pump (Fig. 2b) and as a heater (Fig. 2c), a combined heat exchanger 203/2037203 ", which corresponds to the the first embodiment is formed as a block, that is in one piece.
Beim in Fig. 2a dargestellten Kühlbetrieb wird der gesamte kombinierte Wärmetauscher 203/2037203" von Kältemittel durchströmt, wobei der entsprechende Kreislauf 201 folgendermaßen durchströmt wird: Das Kältemittel wird von einem Kompressor 202 durch ein erstes Schaitventil S1 zum luftgekühlten, ersten Wärmetauscher 203 gefördert. Der erste Wärmetauscher 203 dient bei diesem Betriebszustand als Gaskühler, das heißt in diesem Wärmetauscher 203 gibt das Kältemittel Wärme an die den ersten Wärmetauscher 203 durchströmende Umgebungsluft ab.In the cooling operation shown in FIG. 2a, the entire combined heat exchanger 203/2037203 "is flowed through by refrigerant, the corresponding circuit 201 being flowed through as follows: The refrigerant is conveyed by a compressor 202 through a first switching valve S1 to the air-cooled, first heat exchanger 203 In this operating state, the first heat exchanger 203 serves as a gas cooler, that is to say in this heat exchanger 203 the refrigerant gives off heat to the ambient air flowing through the first heat exchanger 203.
Vom ersten Wärmetauscher 203 aus gelangt das gekühlte Kältemittel über einen internen Wärmetauscher 204 und ein Regelventil 205 (Expansionsventil) zum zweiten Wärmetauscher 203' und von diesem direkt zum dritten Wärmetauscher 203". Über einen Sammler 206 und den internen Wärmetauscher 204 gelangt das Kältemittel wieder zum Kompressor 202. Auf Grund der Strömungsrichtung des Kältemittels im Kühlbetrieb hat der erste Wärmetauscher 203 eine progressive Charakteristik, während der zweite Wärmetauscher 203" und der dritte Wärmetauscher 203" eine degressive Charakteristik aufweisen.From the first heat exchanger 203, the cooled refrigerant passes through an internal heat exchanger 204 and a control valve 205 (expansion valve) to the second heat exchanger 203 'and from there directly to the third heat exchanger 203 ". The refrigerant returns to the collector 206 and the internal heat exchanger 204 Compressor 202. Due to the direction of flow of the refrigerant in cooling mode, the first heat exchanger 203 has a progressive characteristic, while the second heat exchanger 203 ″ and the third heat exchanger 203 ″ have a degressive characteristic.
Beim in Fig. 2b dargestellten Wärmepumpen-Betrieb wird nur ein Teil des kombinierten Wärmetauschers 203/2037203", nämlich die Wärmetauscher 203 und 203', von Kältemittel durchströmt, wobei der entsprechende Kreislauf 201 folgendermaßen durchströmt wird: Das Kältemittel wird vom Kompressor 202, da das erste Schaltventil S1 geschlossen ist, durch ein bei dieser Betriebsart offenes, zweites Schaltventil S2 zum zweiten Wärmetauscher 203' gefördert, den es in umgekehrter Richtung durchströmt. Der zweite Wärmetauscher 203' dient bei diesem Betriebszustand als Zuheizer, das heißt in diesem zweiten Wärmetauscher 203' gibt das Kältemittel Wärme an die den zweiten Wärmetauscher 203' durchströmende Luft, die zum Temperieren des Fahrzeuginnenraums dient, ab.In the heat pump operation shown in FIG. 2b, only a part of the combined heat exchanger 203/2037203 ", namely the heat exchangers 203 and 203 ', is flowed through by refrigerant, the corresponding circuit 201 being flowed through as follows: The refrigerant is discharged by the compressor 202 because the first switching valve S1 is closed, is conveyed through a second switching valve S2, which is open in this operating mode, to the second heat exchanger 203 ', through which it flows in the opposite direction. In this operating state, the second heat exchanger 203' serves as an auxiliary heater, that is to say in this second heat exchanger 203 'The refrigerant gives off heat to the air flowing through the second heat exchanger 203', which is used for tempering the vehicle interior.
Vom zweiten Wärmetauscher 203' aus gelangt das gekühlte Kältemittel über das Regelventil 205 und über einen mittels eines dritten Schaltventils S3 geregelten Bypass vorbei am internen Wärmetauscher 204 direkt zum ersten Wärmetauscher 203, der ebenfalls in umgekehrter Richtung durchströmt wird und bei dieser Betriebsart als Verdampfer dient, das heißt in diesem ersten Wärmetauscher 203 gibt das Kältemittel Wärme an die den ersten Wärmetauscher 203 durchströmende Umgebungsluft ab. Vom ersten Wärmetauscher 203 aus gelangt das Kältemittel über ein viertes Schaltventil S4 zum Sammler 206 und von diesem über den in diesem Betriebszustand funktionslosen internen Wärmetauscher 204 zum Kompressor 202. Auf Grund der Strömungsrichtung des Kältemittels im Wärmepumpen-Betrieb hat der erste Wärmetauscher 203 eine degressive Charakteristik, während der zweite Wärmetauscher 203' eine progressive Charakteristik aufweist'.From the second heat exchanger 203 ', the cooled refrigerant passes via the control valve 205 and via a bypass regulated by means of a third switching valve S3 past the internal heat exchanger 204 directly to the first heat exchanger 203, which is likewise flowed through in the opposite direction and serves as an evaporator in this operating mode. that is, in this first heat exchanger 203, the refrigerant releases heat to the ambient air flowing through the first heat exchanger 203. From the first heat exchanger 203, the refrigerant reaches the collector 206 via a fourth switching valve S4 and from there via the internal heat exchanger 204, which is inoperative in this operating state, to the compressor 202. Due to the direction of flow of the refrigerant in heat pump operation, the first heat exchanger 203 has a degressive characteristic, while the second heat exchanger 203 'has a progressive characteristic ' .
Prinzipiell kann auf Grund der Druckverhältnisse und Strömungsrichtungen anstelle des dritten Schaltventils im Bypass auch ein einfaches, ungeregeltes Rückschlagventil vorgesehen sein.In principle, instead of the third switching valve in the bypass, a simple, unregulated check valve can also be provided due to the pressure conditions and flow directions.
Das dritte Schaltventils S3 und der entsprechende Bypass sind gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform, gemäß der der interne Wärmetauscher 204 vom Kältemittel durchströmt werden soll, nicht erforderlich.According to an alternative embodiment, according to which the internal heat exchanger 204 is to be flowed through by the refrigerant, the third switching valve S3 and the corresponding bypass are not required.
Beim in Fig. 2c dargestellten Reheat-Betrieb, das heißt, dass zumindest ein Teil der dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführten Luft entfeuchtet wird, wird ebenfalls nur ein Teil des kombinierten Wärmetauschers 203/2037203" von Kältemittel durchströmt, wobei der entsprechende Kreislauf 201 folgendermaßen durchströmt wird: Das Kältemittel wird vom Kompressor 202 durch das offene erste Schaltventil S1 zum wiederum als Gaskühler dienenden ersten Wärmetauscher 203 gefördert, durchströmt diesen und gelangt über den internen Wärmetauscher 204, da das dritte Schaltventil S3 und das Regelventil 205 geschlossen sind, über ein fünftes Schaltventil S5 zum dritten Wärmetauscher 203", welcher als Verdampfer dient. Von diesem dritten Wärmetauscher 203" aus gelangt das Kältemittel zum Sammler 206 und über den internen Wärmetauscher 204 zurück zum Kompressor 202.In the reheat mode shown in FIG. 2c, that is to say that at least part of the air supplied to the vehicle interior is dehumidified, only part of the combined heat exchanger 203/2037203 "is also flowed through by refrigerant, the corresponding circuit 201 being flowed through as follows: The refrigerant is conveyed from the compressor 202 through the open first switching valve S1 to the first heat exchanger 203, which in turn serves as a gas cooler, flows through it and passes through the internal heat exchanger 204, since the third switching valve S3 and the control valve 205 are closed, via a fifth switching valve S5 third heat exchanger 203 ", which serves as an evaporator. From this third heat exchanger 203 ″, the refrigerant reaches the collector 206 and via the internal heat exchanger 204 back to the compressor 202.
Entgegen der schematischen Darstellung der einzelnen Teile des kombinierten Wärmetauschers 203/2037203" ist der dritte Wärmetauscher 203" größer als der zweite Wärmetauscher 203', was insbesondere im Wärmepumpen-Betrieb Auswirkungen hat. Gemäß dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel wird beim Verlöten des kombinierten Wärmetauschers 203/2037203" eine Leiste angelötet, an der die einzelnen Schaltventile S1-S5 sowie das Regelventil 205 angebracht, insbesondere angeschraubt, werden.Contrary to the schematic representation of the individual parts of the combined heat exchanger 203/2037203 ", the third heat exchanger 203" is larger than the second heat exchanger 203 ', which has effects particularly in heat pump operation. According to the present exemplary embodiment, when the combined heat exchanger 203/2037203 "is soldered, a strip is soldered onto which the individual switching valves S1-S5 and the control valve 205 are attached, in particular screwed on.
In den Figuren 2a bis 2c wurde eine Anordnung für eine luftseitige Wärmepumpe dargestellt. Fig. 2d zeigt eine wasserseitige Wärmepumpe. Hierbei ist ein zusätzlicher Kältemittel-Verdampfer 220 parallel zum dritten Wärmetauscher 203" vorgesehen, wobei ein 3/2-Wege-Ventil V1 im Kreislauf 201 angeordnet ist. Eine entsprechende Schaltung ist beispielsweise auch für Brennstoffzellen-Antriebe geeignet. An arrangement for an air-side heat pump was shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c. 2d shows a water-side heat pump. Here, an additional refrigerant evaporator 220 is provided parallel to the third heat exchanger 203 ″, a 3/2-way valve V1 being arranged in the circuit 201. A corresponding circuit is also suitable, for example, for fuel cell drives.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
101,201 Kreislauf101.201 circuit
102, 202 Kompressor102, 202 compressor
103, 103', 203, 203', 203" Wärmetauscher103, 103 ', 203, 203', 203 "heat exchanger
104, 204 interner Wärmetauscher104, 204 internal heat exchanger
105, 205 Regelventil105, 205 control valve
106, 206 Sammler106, 206 collectors
220 Kältemittel-Verdampfer220 refrigerant evaporators
S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 Schaltventil V13/2-Wege-Ventil S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 switching valve V13 / 2-way valve

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Klimaanlage, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit mindestens einem als Verdampfer dienenden Wärmetauscher (103; 203; 203'; 203") und einem als Kondensator dienenden Wärmetauscher (103'; 203; 203'), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens zwei Wärmetauscher als ein einziger kombinierter Wärmetauscher (103/103'; 203/2037203") ausgebildet sind.1. Air conditioning system, in particular for a motor vehicle, with at least one heat exchanger (103; 203; 203 '; 203 ") serving as an evaporator and one heat exchanger (103'; 203; 203 ') serving as a condenser, characterized in that at least two heat exchangers are designed as a single combined heat exchanger (103/103 '; 203/2037203 ").
2. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer oder mehrere der einzelnen Wärmetauscher (203; 203'; 203") des kombinierten Wärmetauschers (203/2037203") in unterschiedlichen Strömungsrichtungen durchströmbar sind.2. Air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more of the individual heat exchangers (203; 203 '; 203 ") of the combined heat exchanger (203/2037203") can be flowed through in different flow directions.
3. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass drei Wärmetauscher . (203; 203'; 203") als ein kombinierter Wärmetauscher (203/2037203") ausgebildet sind.3. Air conditioning system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that three heat exchangers. (203; 203 '; 203 ") are designed as a combined heat exchanger (203/2037203").
4. Klimaanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein interner Wärmetauscher (104; 204) vorgesehen ist. 4. Air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an internal heat exchanger (104; 204) is provided.
5. Klimaanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Wärmepumpe-Betrieb zwei von drei Wärmetauschern (203; 203') des kombinierten Wärmetauschers (203; 203'; 203") von Kältemittel durchströmt sind.5. Air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in heat pump operation, two of three heat exchangers (203; 203 ') of the combined heat exchanger (203; 203'; 203 ") are flowed through by refrigerant.
6. Klimaanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Reheat-Betrieb zwei von drei Wärmetauschern (203; 203") des kombinierten Wärmetauschers (203; 203'; 203") von Kältemittel durchströmt sind.6. Air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in reheat mode two of three heat exchangers (203; 203 ") of the combined heat exchanger (203; 203 '; 203") are flowed through by refrigerant.
7. Klimaanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Kühlbetrieb alle Wärmetauscher (203; 203'; 203") des kombinierten Wärmetauschers (203/2037203") von Kältemittel durchströmt sind.7. Air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in cooling operation all heat exchangers (203; 203 '; 203 ") of the combined heat exchanger (203/2037203") are flowed through by refrigerant.
8. Klimaanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zusätzlicher. Kältemittel-Verdampfer (220) parallel zum dritten Wärmetauscher (203") vorgesehen ist. 8. Air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional. Refrigerant evaporator (220) is provided parallel to the third heat exchanger (203 ").
EP04821176A 2004-01-23 2004-12-08 Air conditioning unit Withdrawn EP1711756A1 (en)

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