EP1711332A1 - Ultraschall-schweissvorrichtung - Google Patents
Ultraschall-schweissvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1711332A1 EP1711332A1 EP05700313A EP05700313A EP1711332A1 EP 1711332 A1 EP1711332 A1 EP 1711332A1 EP 05700313 A EP05700313 A EP 05700313A EP 05700313 A EP05700313 A EP 05700313A EP 1711332 A1 EP1711332 A1 EP 1711332A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sonotrode
- welding
- workpieces
- welding device
- roller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
- B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
- B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
- B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
- B29C65/087—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using both a rotary sonotrode and a rotary anvil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
- B29C66/83421—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
- B29C66/845—C-clamp type or sewing machine type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
- B29C66/865—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels
- B29C66/8652—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling
- B29C66/86531—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling being guided
- B29C66/86533—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling being guided by rails
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/92611—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
- B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
- B29C66/93411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed the parts to be joined having different speeds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
- B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
- B29C66/93451—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed by controlling or regulating the rotational speed, i.e. the speed of revolution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
- B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
- B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
- B29C65/086—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary anvil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
- B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
- B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5092—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the tape handling mechanisms, e.g. using vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
- B29C66/7292—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics coated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
- B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
- B29C66/83421—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types
- B29C66/83423—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types cooperating bands or belts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
- B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/87—Auxiliary operations or devices
- B29C66/872—Starting or stopping procedures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
- B29C66/932—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by measuring the speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
- B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
- B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
- B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
- B29C66/9516—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration amplitude
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/17—Surface bonding means and/or assemblymeans with work feeding or handling means
- Y10T156/1702—For plural parts or plural areas of single part
- Y10T156/1712—Indefinite or running length work
- Y10T156/1741—Progressive continuous bonding press [e.g., roll couples]
Definitions
- the invention relates to an ultrasonic welding device, a method for operating an ultrasonic welding device and workpieces produced by this method according to the features of claims 1, 5 and 8.
- Ultrasonic welding is a joining technique in which e.g. thermoplastic or metallic workpieces are connected to one another by supplying energy in the form of ultrasound or high-frequency mechanical vibrations.
- a sonotrode that presses a first workpiece against a second workpiece is excited to vibrate in the ultrasonic range.
- frictional heat is generated locally, which softens or melts the workpiece surfaces and connects them to one another.
- Ultrasonic welding technology is used, among other things, to connect thermoplastic films or fabrics.
- devices for pulsed welding in which the high-frequency energy is transferred to the workpieces to be connected in a pulsed manner by means of a stamp
- ultrasonic welding devices for the continuous connection of thermoplastic films known.
- the sonotrode is roll-shaped.
- the foils to be connected are continuously moved between the rotating sonotrode wheel and a change wheel rotating synchronously with the opposite direction of rotation, a weld seam being formed which holds the two foils together.
- a part of the welding device with the sonotrode and the pressure wheel • can be moved relative to the foils held stationary.
- the ultrasonic welding device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are based on the regulation of the welding power of a roller sonotrode as a function of welding parameters. They are suitable for welding or assembling tissue or foil-like workpieces using hot glue. Both coated and uncoated workpieces can be connected to each other in this way. Even if these workpieces have large dimensions and / or the joints or weld seams are very long, they can be manufactured regularly with consistent quality. They can be of uniformly high strength and / or good
- Sealing properties are manufactured over the entire seam length, i.e. also in the edge areas.
- the pressing or Compression and simultaneous cooling of the seam after its production takes place continuously immediately after the seam formation point at the welding head. In this way, large seam lengths with uniform quality can be produced without interruption.
- the seam widths can be significantly larger than was previously possible, ie larger than approximately 11 mm. This opens up new applications. Connections can easily be created in a single pass for which. previously two or more successive welding processes would have been necessary.
- the processing speeds can be chosen relatively high. Different, easily exchangeable guiding devices can be attached in the area of the welding head. These take over the exact positioning and guidance of the weld metal or adhesive material when connecting, hemming or applying
- the fabric can also be guided by means of guide rollers which can be lowered pneumatically, for example.
- guide rollers which can be lowered pneumatically, for example.
- adhesive tapes in particular double-sided, single-layer or multilayer adhesive tapes which can be activated by the action of heat and / or pressure, can also be positioned and guided by guide devices.
- the welding head is in a preferred embodiment arranged to be movable along a long work table, so that the length of a seam that can be produced continuously in one work step is essentially limited only by the table length.
- the rotational speeds of the roller sonotrode and the counter pressure roller as well as the travel speed of the welding head can be controlled independently of one another, whereby the feed ratio of the sonotrode to the counter pressure roller and welding head can be programmed.
- Welding speed can be synchronized. This allows welding without warping and without wave formation.
- the setting of the individual speeds and the surface structure of the sonotrode can influence the quality of the seam, in particular its appearance.
- the measurement and / or programming and / or control and / or regulation of various welding parameters such as Welding energy, vibration amplitude of the sonotrode, rotational speeds of the sonotrode and the pressure roller, driving speed of the welding head,
- Gap width between sonotrode and pressure roller etc. can be done in such a way that an optimal connection is possible for different workpieces or workpiece combinations.
- Data or welding parameters for different applications with different materials and material qualities can be stored in a non-volatile memory and, for example, if required can be called up again under menu control or used to set the welding device.
- data or welding parameters for the start phase and the end phase of the seam formation can differ from that of the phase in between.
- the welding device according to the invention has low energy consumption. Thanks to the real-time control, power peaks can be avoided. It can be prevented that changes in certain welding parameters during the welding process could lead to a change in the seam quality.
- Welding device can e.g. be used for welding or gluing thermoplastic films or tarpaulins or for fabrics coated with thermoplastics such as PVC. Uncoated fabrics such as The acrylic commonly used in awning production can be easily connected using hot glue. Possible applications include the production of foils, awnings, tarpaulins, clothing, etc.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an ultrasonic welding device
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the device from FIG. 1 in the area of the sonotrode
- FIG. 3 shows a basic diagram of the device
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the device in the area of the pressing device.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an ultrasonic welding device 1 in a first
- the welding device 1 comprises the following elements (non-exhaustive list):
- the welding head can be guided along a guide (not shown) formed on the upper arm 11a, for example by means of of a pneumatic drive can be lowered and raised in predefinable positions or positions. If the sonotrode 13 rests on a workpiece, the contact pressure or the contact force can be detected, for example, by means of a pressure sensor.
- the contact pressure, designated "p" in FIG. 3, can thus be controlled and / or regulated.
- the sonotrode 13 can have a significantly larger effective width than was previously possible, for example 12 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm.
- Pressure roller 17 which is arranged axially parallel under the sonotrode 13 and serves as a stop element for the pieces of material to be connected when pressing from the opposite side by means of the sonotrode 13.
- the pressure roller 17 is rotatably arranged on a carriage (not shown) which can be moved synchronously with the carrier 11 or on the forearm 11b (FIG. 2) of the carrier 11. It protrudes from below into the gap 9.
- the periphery or rolling surface of the pressure roller 17 preferably projects above the top of the worktop 7 or is arranged flush with it.
- a second drive 21 (Fig. 3) for rotating the roll sonotrode 13 with a surface speed v 2 and a third drive 23 for rotating the pressure roller 17 with a surface speed v 3 , these drives 19, 21, 23 preferably being electric servomotors.
- the first drive 19 can, for example, be arranged fixedly in the end region of the work table 3, an endless toothed belt connected to the carrier 11 or a similar transmission element being able to convert the rotary movement into a translational movement of the carrier 11 (not shown).
- the second drive 21 can, for example, be connected coaxially to the sonotrode 13 and drive it directly.
- the third drive 23 can be operatively connected to the pressure wheel 17.
- a generator electronics abbreviated generator 25, for generating the high-frequency control power for the excitation of the sonotrode 13.
- the generator 25 comprises " a power sensor 27 or a similar detection means which outputs an analog or digital signal which corresponds to the electrical power consumption [P] of the generator 25.
- controller 29 for short, for controlling and / or regulating the generator 25 as a function of default values or target or Command variables and measurement or control variables.
- the controller 29 is designed in such a way that it outputs the power P ′ delivered by the generator 25 to the sonotrode 13 or (if information is available about the efficiency of the sonotrode 13, ie about the ratio of the power delivered from the sonotrode 13 to the workpiece to von electrical power consumed by the sonotrode 13) can detect the power delivered by the sonotrode to the workpiece as a measurement or control variable.
- 29 also includes the control of a preferably non-volatile Speichef 30, can be stored in the different combinations of welding parameters and / or other major '. For example, you can combine different combinations of
- this gap width s can also be specified as a storable parameter.
- This gap width s can serve as a limit when welding or gluing, which must not be undercut.
- the controller 29 monitors the gap width s or a measurable one equivalent size and can use this as an additional criterion for influencing, for example, the sonotrode amplitude or the speeds of one or more of the drives 19, 21, 23.
- a distance sensor (not shown), which can be held, for example, on the underside of the upper arm 11a or on the sonotrode arm 15, detects the distance to the upper side of the workpieces to be connected shortly before the welding point. If the material thickness changes suddenly, for example when crossing a reinforcement tape or in the area of a seam, the welding parameters, including the welding performance, can be automatically adapted or modified for this area according to a predefinable pattern.
- a power supply unit for providing the energy supply, in particular for the generator 25, the controller 29 and the electric drives 19, 21, 23 and possibly other components which are operated with electrical energy.
- An operating device 33 with operating elements 35 for example a keyboard
- a display 37 which are preferably designed for menu-controlled operation.
- an easily mountable and removable roll holder for holding an adhesive tape roll 41.
- a continuously operable pressing device 43 can comprise a cuboid metal body 45 with a pressing arm 4 ⁇ , which, like the sonotrode 13 and the sonotrode arm 15, can be positioned pneumatically in the vertical direction and can be pressurized.
- a pressing arm 4 ⁇ which, like the sonotrode 13 and the sonotrode arm 15, can be positioned pneumatically in the vertical direction and can be pressurized.
- Arr the lower longitudinal side of the metal body 45 are a plurality of small metal rollers 47 a lined up with a small mutual distance with good thermal conductivity on the metal body 45 freely rotatable.
- a guide roller is held depending 47b (not shown) with a larger diameter by means of a fastening or Spännvorraum the metal body 45 rotatably mounted on the two narrow sides •, said deflection rollers body 45 project beyond the Metallk ⁇ 47b 'laterally and upwards.
- An endless belt 49 is stretched around the metal rollers 47a and the guide rollers 47b, similar to the caterpillar of a caterpillar vehicle, which preferably has good thermal conductivity properties, high mechanical stability and high flexibility, for example a steel belt.
- a counter-pressure band can also be arranged flush with the top of the worktop 7 on the opposite side, that is to say in the gap 9 (not shown).
- the pressing device 43 can additionally be cooled with compressed air or another means.
- Guide devices 51 A holding device (not shown) for one or more guide devices 51 is provided in the area of the welding head.
- a guide device 51 can be used, in which an edge of the material film can be bent or folded and can be clamped between two plates fitted with rollers.
- Clamping can be done by spring force or by compressed air.
- a deflection device on the input side ensures that when the carrier 11 is moved, the material edge is continuously bent over and inserted into the clamping device in a precisely positioned manner.
- the guide apparatus 51 can additionally comprise a feed device (not shown) for the positionally accurate insertion of a double-sided, single-layer or multilayer adhesive tape 42 that can be activated by a dispenser roll 41 and activated by pressure and / or heat.
- the adhesive tape 42 can be aligned precisely before the adhesive effect begins due to the energy supply by means of the sonotrode 13.
- Sonotrodes 13 can be used to form hems and seams in which the adhesive is applied uniformly to the entire surface Width of the hem or seam is distributed.
- the heating takes place from the inside, i.e. at the boundary layers between the film or fabric and the adhesive tape. Damage or even destruction of the workpiece foils due to excessive heat input from the outside . forth is thus preventable.
- feed or conveying apparatus 51 for reinforcing belts or for connecting film or fabric webs.
- the support 11 is stationary with the welding head, ie not movable.
- the weld metal can e.g. be guided manually through the welding point. Seams of any shape can also be produced in this way.
- the welding speed can be influenced in a similar way to a sewing machine using a foot controller or another input device.
- an image sensor e.g. a sensor, such as that used in an optical mouse, register the amount and / or direction of the weld metal movement and take this measurement variable into account as a further parameter when regulating the welding power.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1872004 | 2004-02-07 | ||
PCT/CH2005/000018 WO2005075177A1 (de) | 2004-02-07 | 2005-01-17 | Ultraschall-schweissvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1711332A1 true EP1711332A1 (de) | 2006-10-18 |
Family
ID=34832018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05700313A Withdrawn EP1711332A1 (de) | 2004-02-07 | 2005-01-17 | Ultraschall-schweissvorrichtung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070158012A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1711332A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005075177A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006029835A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-23 | Jentschmann Ag Zürich | A welding device |
EP2110227B1 (de) * | 2008-04-18 | 2010-10-20 | Cavanna S.p.A. | Vorrichtung zur Unterstützung von Gegenlaufelementen |
US7810699B1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-12 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method and system for optimized vibration welding |
NL1037184C2 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-08 | Beiler Beheer Bv | Method for interconnecting overlapping webs by means of ultrasonic welding. |
US9040120B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2015-05-26 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Inorganic nanocoating primed organic film |
US9267011B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2016-02-23 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Composition and method for making a cavitated bio-based film |
US9162421B2 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2015-10-20 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Film with compostable heat seal layer |
CA2872274C (en) | 2012-06-23 | 2016-11-29 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Deposition of ultra-thin inorganic oxide coatings on packaging |
US9090021B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2015-07-28 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Ultrasonic sealing of packages |
US9149980B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2015-10-06 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Ultrasonic sealing of packages |
DE102014214031A1 (de) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Verfahren und Versiegelungsvorrichtung zur Kantenversiegelung von Faserverbundbauteilen |
CN108367502B (zh) | 2015-12-17 | 2021-06-25 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 用于连接纤维增强薄片的方法和设备 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6540854B2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2003-04-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Load cell closed loop control for rotary ultrasonic bonding apparatus |
US6620270B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-09-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Control of processing force and process gap in rigid rotary ultrasonic systems |
US6547903B1 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-04-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Rotary ultrasonic bonder or processor capable of high speed intermittent processing |
US6733605B1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-05-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method and apparatus for friction bonding portions of plural workpiece layers |
-
2005
- 2005-01-17 WO PCT/CH2005/000018 patent/WO2005075177A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-01-17 US US10/597,764 patent/US20070158012A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-01-17 EP EP05700313A patent/EP1711332A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005075177A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070158012A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
WO2005075177A1 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
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