EP1707243A1 - Düsensprücher für eine Feuerlöscher kleiner Kapacität - Google Patents

Düsensprücher für eine Feuerlöscher kleiner Kapacität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1707243A1
EP1707243A1 EP05007067A EP05007067A EP1707243A1 EP 1707243 A1 EP1707243 A1 EP 1707243A1 EP 05007067 A EP05007067 A EP 05007067A EP 05007067 A EP05007067 A EP 05007067A EP 1707243 A1 EP1707243 A1 EP 1707243A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extinguishant
nozzle
axis
flow
turbulence
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05007067A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrey Leonidovich Dushkin
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Karpyshev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unisantis Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
OSNA Technologien GmbH
Unisantis Europe GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by OSNA Technologien GmbH, Unisantis Europe GmbH filed Critical OSNA Technologien GmbH
Priority to EP05007067A priority Critical patent/EP1707243A1/de
Priority to EP06723928A priority patent/EP1863578A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2006/002968 priority patent/WO2006103097A1/en
Publication of EP1707243A1 publication Critical patent/EP1707243A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to fire extinguishers and in particular to nozzles for use within fire extinguishers of generally small capacity.
  • a traditional fire extinguisher typically includes a reservoir (e.g., a cylinder or tank) containing a quantity of extinguishant under pressure.
  • the extinguishant may be, for example, water under air pressure, a dry chemical powder such as ammonium phosphate or potassium bicarbonate under nitrogen pressure, or carbon dioxide under pressure.
  • a trigger mechanism is provided for opening a valve to release the pressurized extinguishant from the reservoir.
  • a nozzle is used to disperse the extinguishant onto the fire to be extinguished.
  • a hose is provided between the trigger mechanism and the nozzle so that the nozzle may be easily pointed toward the base of the fire.
  • a significant advantage of traditional fire extinguisher designs is that such extinguishers can be configured as handheld devices for use in homes, offices, businesses and the like.
  • traditional fire extinguishers are not nearly as desirable as foam fire extinguishers used by professional fire fighters.
  • a foam fire extinguisher is a device which combines, typically, water, a foaming agent, and air to produce a foam extinguishant that is highly effective for extinguishing fires.
  • traditional extinguishants such as water, often quickly run off of surfaces to be extinguished, foam clings to the surfaces to thereby more effectively extinguish the fire.
  • the air inlets permit air to be drawn into the nozzle as extinguishant is ejected from the extinguisher reservoir to thereby mix air and extinguishant directly within the nozzle to generate the foam.
  • extinguishant is ejected from the extinguisher reservoir to thereby mix air and extinguishant directly within the nozzle to generate the foam.
  • U.S. Patent Number 5,857,627 is set forth in U.S. Patent Number 5,857,627 .
  • nozzles with air inlets have met with some degree of success for use with large portable fire extinguishers, i.e. extinguishers having capacities of six litres or more, problems arise when attempting to implement the air inlet technique in smaller fire extinguishers, such as extinguishers with capacities of only two to four litres.
  • Small fire extinguishers typically utilize a small nozzle and small nozzles typically do not provide sufficient size to allow for adequate mixing of extinguishant with air drawn in through air inlets to effectively produce foam or mist.
  • U.S. Patent 5,921,471 a nozzle is proposed for use with foam fire extinguishers, which does not require air inlet ports.
  • a pair of channels run parallel to an axis of the nozzle, but are each offset from the axis.
  • a pair of deflecting walls deflect extinguishant from the channels toward a boss mounted at the base of the nozzle. According to this approach, the resulting deflection of the extinguishing fluid causes the fluid to become completely emulsified with ambient air to create a large volume of high-quality spraying foam.
  • U.S. Patent 5,921,471 does not discuss the size of the fire extinguisher or the nozzle.
  • a nozzle for use with a fire extinguisher.
  • the nozzle comprises an inlet port to receive a flow of extinguishant along an axis of the nozzle, a turbulence-generating channel configured to impart turbulence to the flow of extinguishant to produce a turbulent flow by first deflecting extinguishant away from the axis of the nozzle and then redirecting the extinguishant again along the axis of the nozzle, and an outlet port configured to mix the turbulent flow of extinguishant with ambient air to produce a foam or mist of the extinguishant.
  • the nozzle design is particularly effective for use with small fire extinguishers (e.g., having capacities of one to five and in particular two to four litres), where other nozzle designs may be ineffective. However, the nozzle design may also be advantageously employed for use with larger fire extinguishers as well.
  • the nozzle is suitable for extinguishers that produce an extinguishing foam as well as for extinguishers that produce an extinguishing mist.
  • the turbulence-generating channel includes a perimeter containment structure sealing the extinguishant from ambient air as the extinguishant passes through the turbulence-generating channel, and a multidirection flow deflector mounted inside the perimeter containment structure.
  • the multidirection flow deflector may include a first deflection surface facing the inlet port (and preferably positioned substantially perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle to deflect extinguishant away from the axis of the nozzle), at least two opposing collection channels, each oriented substantially perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle, to collect opposing portions of extinguishant and to redirect the portions back toward the axis, and a second deflection surface facing the outlet port and positioned substantially perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle to deflect extinguishant along the axis of the nozzle into the outlet port.
  • a portion of the outside surface of the multidirection flow deflector and a portion of the inside surface of the containment structure may form a first flow-reversal chamber, positioned generally upstream from inlet apertures of the collection channels, configured to impart additional turbulence to the flow of extinguishant.
  • the second deflection surface is preferably formed within a second flow-reversal chamber, positioned generally downstream from outlet apertures of the collection channels, configured to impart additional turbulence to the flow of extinguishant.
  • the outlet port may be substantially conical to permit turbulent flow of extinguishant received from the turbulence-generating channel to mix with air within at least a portion of an interior of the outlet port so as to produce the foam or mist.
  • the provision of the first and second flow-reversal chambers serves to impart even greater turbulence to the flow of extinguishant, so as to further enhance the mixing of air and extinguishant.
  • a fire extinguisher comprising a reservoir such as a tank to store extinguishant under pressure, a trigger mechanism to control ejection of the extinguishant from the reservoir, a nozzle to direct the extinguishant, the nozzle having an axis and an inlet port to receive a flow of extinguishant from the reservoir along the axis, a turbulence-generating channel configured to impart turbulence to the flow of extinguishant to produce a turbulent flow by first deflecting extinguishant away from the axis of the nozzle and then redirecting the extinguishant again along the axis of the nozzle, and an outlet port configured to mix the turbulent flow of extinguishant with ambient air to produce a foam or mist extinguishant.
  • a reservoir such as a tank to store extinguishant under pressure
  • a trigger mechanism to control ejection of the extinguishant from the reservoir
  • a nozzle to direct the extinguishant,
  • a method for mixing extinguishant from a fire extinguisher with air to produce a foam or mist extinguishant wherein the fire extinguisher includes a nozzle.
  • the method comprises the steps of receiving extinguishant from the fire extinguisher via an inlet port of the nozzle, deflecting the extinguishant away from an axis of the nozzle and then redirecting the extinguishant again along the axis of the nozzle to produce a turbulent flow of extinguishant, and routing the turbulent flow of extinguishant to the outlet port to mix the turbulent flow of extinguishant with ambient air to produce the foam or mist extinguishant.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary foam fire extinguisher 100 having a reservoir such as a cylinder or tank 102 containing extinguishant incorporating a foaming agent.
  • the tank 102 holds between two and four litres of extinguishant under pressure.
  • a manually operated trigger mechanism 104 releases the extinguishant through a nozzle 106.
  • the fire extinguisher 100 is manually held in the vicinity of a fire to be extinguished with the nozzle 106 pointed toward the base of the fire.
  • the trigger mechanism 104 is activated causing extinguishant to be expelled through the nozzle 106.
  • the extinguishant passes through the nozzle 106 it mixes with ambient air within an outlet port of the nozzle 106 to convert the extinguishant into foam.
  • the combination of the pressure in the tank 102 as well as the expansion of the extinguishant as it is converted into foam causes the extinguishant to be expelled at high velocity from the nozzle 106, thus allowing the operator of the extinguisher 100 to stand safely back from the fire.
  • Figure 2 provides a perspective view of nozzle 106, particularly illustrating an outlet port 108 from which the extinguishant is expelled.
  • An outside perimeter 110 of the nozzle 106 includes no openings or apertures for intake of air.
  • the unique internal design of the nozzle 106 ensures adequate mixing of extinguishant and ambient air without the need for any air intake ports.
  • the nozzle 106 can be made of any of a variety of sizes, in one example, it is about 20 to 40 millimetres (mm) in length.
  • the internal design of nozzle 106 is illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the nozzle 106 includes an inlet port 112 for receiving extinguishant under pressure from the tank 102 of the fire extinguisher via the trigger mechanism 104 ( Figure 1).
  • the flow of extinguishant received through the inlet port 112 typically has a substantially laminar flow, i.e. there is little or no turbulence. However, such is not required, and the input flow of extinguishant may instead be non-laminar.
  • the extinguishant flows through a turbulence-generating channel (or conduit) 114, which is configured to impart turbulence to the flow of extinguishant to produce a highly turbulent flow so that, once the extinguishant reaches outlet port 108, it has a high degree of turbulence ensuring adequate mixing of the extinguishant with ambient air within the outlet port 108.
  • the extinguishant mixes with ambient air inside the outlet port 108, the extinguishant expands rapidly.
  • the combination of the pressure of the extinguishant and the expansion thereof as it is converted to foam serves to propel the extinguishant from the outlet port 108 at high velocity.
  • the channel is configured to first deflect the extinguishant away from a central axis 116 of the nozzle 106 and then to redirect the extinguishant again along the axis of the nozzle 106 for ejection via outlet port 108.
  • first deflecting the extinguishant away from the axis of the nozzle 106, before redirecting it back along the axis is believed that a greater degree of turbulence can be imparted to the extinguishant than with predecessor nozzles.
  • channel 114 is formed within a perimeter containment structure 118, which seals extinguishant from ambient air as the extinguishant passes through the channel 114.
  • a multi-direction flow deflector 120 is mounted inside the perimeter containment structure 118.
  • Containment structure 118 and flow deflector 120 provide several deflection surfaces and flow-reversal chambers, which collectively enhance of the amount of turbulence imparted to the flow of extinguishant. More specifically, a rear or downstream portion of flow deflector 120 provides a deflection surface 122 (also referred to herein as the first deflection surface), which is positioned substantially perpendicular to axis 116 of the nozzle 106 to deflect the extinguishant away from the axis at substantially right angles. (Herein, "downstream” refers to the direction along axis 116 from the outlet port 108 toward the inlet port 112.
  • Upstream refers to the direction along the axis 116 from the inlet port 112 toward the outlet port 108.
  • a pair of opposing collection channels 124 and 126 collect two separate flows of the extinguishant and redirect the separate flows back toward axis 116.
  • Collection channels 124 and 126 are each oriented substantially perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle 106, and are pointed toward one another, such that the two separate flows of extinguishant collide with one another, thereby imparting still further turbulence to the overall flow of extinguishant.
  • a portion of the extinguishant travels rearward along the axis of the nozzle 106 and strikes against a deflection surface 126 (also referred to herein as the second deflection surface), which faces the outlet port 108 and is positioned substantially perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle 106 to thereby deflect extinguishant back along the axis of the nozzle 106 toward outlet port 108.
  • a deflection surface 126 also referred to herein as the second deflection surface
  • first deflection surface 122 serves to initially deflect extinguishant away from the axis of the nozzle 106 and then redirect the extinguishant again along the axis of the nozzle 106, as already summarized.
  • This ensures at least several sharp deflections to provide turbulence.
  • Additional surfaces and structures within the nozzle are provided to further enhance the turbulence.
  • a portion 128 of the outside surface of flow deflector 120 and a portion 130 of the inside surface of containment structure 118 together form a first flow-reversal chamber 132, which is positioned generally upstream from inlet apertures of collection channels 124 and 126.
  • nozzle 106 is a substantially axially symmetric (with the exception of the collection channels 124 and 126) and so flow-reversal chamber 132 actually has a generally toroidal shape, i.e. it extends around the circumference of flow deflector 120.
  • Flow deflector 120 is separately illustrated in Figure 4, which shows the generally axially symmetric configuration of the flow deflector 120 while also illustrating the inlet aperture of collection channel 124.
  • an inlet aperture of collection channel 126 is diametrically opposite that of channel 124.
  • a second flow-reversal chamber 134 is illustrated, which is downstream from the outlet apertures of collection channels 124 and 126.
  • the aforementioned second deflecting surface 126 forms the rearward or downstream wall of flow-reversal chamber 134.
  • the outlet port 108 is configured to permit the turbulent flow of extinguishant received from the turbulence-generating channel 114 to mix with air within at least a portion of an interior of the outlet port 108 so as to produce foam. That is, ambient air is drawn into the outlet port 108 due to the turbulence of the extinguishant, where the air mixes with extinguishant to produce expanding foam, which is propelled out of the outlet port 108 at high velocity.
  • the outlet port 108 has a substantially conical structure with an internal diameter increasing in the downstream direction. In one example, an internal angle of the outlet port 108 is 6° to 20° and preferably about 12°.
  • flow deflector 120 is shown as a single integral structure, which is fitted inside containment structure 118, and held in place by a mounting cap 136, with a washer 138 interposed between an outer perimeter of the flow deflector 120 and an upstream end of the containment structure 118.
  • the entire nozzle 106 can instead be configured as a single integral structure, or may be subdivided into a greater number of sub-components. As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the particular choice may depend upon the capabilities of the equipment used to manufacture the components of the nozzle 106. A variety of materials may be used to fabricate the nozzle 106.
  • the nozzle 106 is fabricated using highly durable materials, such as durable plastics or metals, which are suffciently durable to contain the high-pressure, high velocity, and highly turbulent flows of extinguishant. If a metal is used, a metal should be chosen which does not corrode in the presence of the extinguishant.
  • the invention also provides a method for mixing extinguishant from a fire extinguisher with air to produce a foam or mist extinguishant.
  • extinguishant is received from the fire extinguisher via an inlet port of a nozzle.
  • the extinguishant is then deflected away from the axis of the nozzle and then redirected along the axis of the nozzle to produce a turbulent flow of extinguishant.
  • the turbulent flow of extinguishant is then routed to an outlet port of the nozzle to mix the turbulent flow of extinguishant with ambient air to produce the foam or mist extinguishant.
  • the nozzle described above may advantageously be used in combination with extinguishers that produce a foam extinguishant as well as with extinguishers that produce a mist extinguishant. Accordingly, one and the same extinguisher may be filled with either an extinguishant type that is capable of producing a foam or an extinguishant type that is capable of producing a mist.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
EP05007067A 2005-03-31 2005-03-31 Düsensprücher für eine Feuerlöscher kleiner Kapacität Withdrawn EP1707243A1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05007067A EP1707243A1 (de) 2005-03-31 2005-03-31 Düsensprücher für eine Feuerlöscher kleiner Kapacität
EP06723928A EP1863578A1 (de) 2005-03-31 2006-03-31 Düse für feuerlöscher mit geringer kapazität
PCT/EP2006/002968 WO2006103097A1 (en) 2005-03-31 2006-03-31 Nozzle for small capacity fire extinguisher

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05007067A EP1707243A1 (de) 2005-03-31 2005-03-31 Düsensprücher für eine Feuerlöscher kleiner Kapacität

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1707243A1 true EP1707243A1 (de) 2006-10-04

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05007067A Withdrawn EP1707243A1 (de) 2005-03-31 2005-03-31 Düsensprücher für eine Feuerlöscher kleiner Kapacität
EP06723928A Withdrawn EP1863578A1 (de) 2005-03-31 2006-03-31 Düse für feuerlöscher mit geringer kapazität

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06723928A Withdrawn EP1863578A1 (de) 2005-03-31 2006-03-31 Düse für feuerlöscher mit geringer kapazität

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EP (2) EP1707243A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006103097A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2332618A1 (de) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-15 L'Hotellier Verbesserte Feuerlöscher-Düse
US8573318B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2013-11-05 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Fire extinguisher nozzle
CN104548442A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-29 国家电网公司 一种电力系统消防喷嘴装置
CN108721815A (zh) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-02 厦门泰消防科技开发有限公司 一种高压细水雾灭火系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2605144A (en) * 1950-08-25 1952-07-29 Gen Electric Nozzle
US5358179A (en) * 1993-08-18 1994-10-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Atomization systems for high viscosity products
US5857627A (en) 1994-10-24 1999-01-12 Warnstar Ltd Foam-forming nozzle
US5921471A (en) 1996-08-30 1999-07-13 Snc S2E Services Head for generating and for spraying foam, in particular for a fire extinguisher
US20030029622A1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2003-02-13 Torsten Clauss Method and device for distributing liquid media

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2605144A (en) * 1950-08-25 1952-07-29 Gen Electric Nozzle
US5358179A (en) * 1993-08-18 1994-10-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Atomization systems for high viscosity products
US5857627A (en) 1994-10-24 1999-01-12 Warnstar Ltd Foam-forming nozzle
US5921471A (en) 1996-08-30 1999-07-13 Snc S2E Services Head for generating and for spraying foam, in particular for a fire extinguisher
US20030029622A1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2003-02-13 Torsten Clauss Method and device for distributing liquid media

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2332618A1 (de) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-15 L'Hotellier Verbesserte Feuerlöscher-Düse
FR2953729A1 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-17 Hotellier L Buse d'extincteur amelioree
US8573318B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2013-11-05 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Fire extinguisher nozzle
CN104548442A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-29 国家电网公司 一种电力系统消防喷嘴装置
CN108721815A (zh) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-02 厦门泰消防科技开发有限公司 一种高压细水雾灭火系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1863578A1 (de) 2007-12-12
WO2006103097A1 (en) 2006-10-05

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