EP1706282A1 - Air conditioning system for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Air conditioning system for a motor vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP1706282A1
EP1706282A1 EP05706677A EP05706677A EP1706282A1 EP 1706282 A1 EP1706282 A1 EP 1706282A1 EP 05706677 A EP05706677 A EP 05706677A EP 05706677 A EP05706677 A EP 05706677A EP 1706282 A1 EP1706282 A1 EP 1706282A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conditioning system
air conditioning
air
latent cold
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05706677A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Krämer
Noureddine Khelifa
Oliver Horn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Publication of EP1706282A1 publication Critical patent/EP1706282A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • B60H1/005—Regenerative cooling means, e.g. cold accumulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle with a refrigerant circuit, which comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and a latent cold storage device, from which heat can be extracted by means of the refrigerant circuit. This removal of heat is known as charging.
  • the air conditioning system further comprises means for cooling air, which are designed such that heat is extracted from the air and the heat is supplied to the latent cold store. This supply of heat is called discharging.
  • Such an air conditioning system is used in particular for trucks. It is used there in particular as a parking cooler.
  • a parking cooler for a motor vehicle is known with a refrigerant circuit, which comprises a compressor, a condenser, a collector and at least one ice storage unit.
  • the ice storage unit consists of an evaporator with expansion element and an ice storage device surrounding it. Furthermore, a further evaporator with an expansion element is connected in parallel to the at least one ice storage unit, it being possible to control via appropriate changeover valves whether the refrigerant flows through the further evaporator or the evaporator of the ice storage unit.
  • the compressor is mechanically driven by a drive motor of the vehicle and can be coupled to it by means of a magnetic coupling via a V-belt.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a compact air conditioning system which is suitable for cooling a vehicle when the vehicle is stationary.
  • the object is achieved by features of the independent claim.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
  • the invention is characterized by an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle with a first refrigerant circuit, which comprises an electrically driven compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and a latent cold store, from which heat is extracted by means of the refrigerant circuit, and with means for cooling Air that is designed so that heat is extracted from the air and the heat is supplied to the latent cold storage.
  • the power of the compressor can be set independently of the rotational speed of a drive shaft of the motor vehicle by means of the electrically driven compressor, and if necessary electrical energy can also be made available to the compressor independently of the drive of the motor vehicle. As a result, a predeterminable amount of heat can be removed from the latent cold storage in a simple manner even in extreme heat.
  • the loading of the latent cold storage of the air conditioning system can also take place quickly when the compressor of the primary air conditioning system is operated at its capacity limit.
  • the latent cold storage is also characterized by a very high specific cooling capacity. This has the advantage that the air conditioning system can be made very compact. It can draw a large amount of heat from the air, especially when the vehicle is stationary, when the drive shaft is not rotating.
  • the air conditioning system has a coolant circuit which comprises a pump, the latent cold store and a heat exchanger, via which heat is extracted from the air and the heat then the latent cold storage is supplied.
  • a coolant circuit which comprises a pump, the latent cold store and a heat exchanger, via which heat is extracted from the air and the heat then the latent cold storage is supplied.
  • a fan is assigned to the heat exchanger which influences the air flow through the heat exchanger and which at the same time influences the air flow through a heating element.
  • the heating element is a heating heat exchanger through which a fluid flows, which can be heated by means of a fuel heating device.
  • a particularly high heating output is possible with a heating element designed in this way.
  • the latent cold storage is arranged such that the air to be cooled flows through the latent cold storage and is thereby cooled.
  • the air conditioning system can be made particularly compact.
  • the refrigerant circuit comprises several latent cold stores. In this way, cooling can take place at several points in the motor vehicle. This is particularly advantageous in trucks which, in addition to a driver's cabin, also have a sleeping cabin designed separately from them.
  • the air conditioning system is assigned a generator which is driven by a drive shaft of a drive of the internal combustion engine and thus provides the electrical energy of the electrically driven compressor.
  • the electrically driven compressor can thus be operated at high power while driving.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the air conditioning system
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the air conditioning system
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the air conditioning system
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the air conditioning system
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the air conditioning system
  • FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the air conditioning system
  • An air conditioning system (FIG. 1) is arranged in a motor vehicle, in particular in a truck. It has a refrigerant circuit 1, which comprises an electrically driven compressor 2, a condenser 4, to which a condenser blower 6 is assigned, a collector 8, an expansion valve 10 and a latent cold store 12.
  • the expansion valve 10 can be controllable or can also be designed as a throttle.
  • the compressor 2 is connected on the output side via a first line 14 to the condenser 4, which in turn is connected on the output side via a second line 16 to the collector 8, which also preferably comprises a dryer.
  • the collector 8 is connected via a third line 18 to the expansion valve 10, which is connected on the output side to the latent cold store via a fifth line 22.
  • the latent cold storage 12 is connected on the output side via a fifth line 22 to the compressor 2 on the input side.
  • Electrical energy is preferably supplied to the electrically driven compressor 2 by a generator 24 which is driven by a drive shaft 26 of a drive 28 of the motor vehicle.
  • the drive 28 can be an internal combustion engine, for example.
  • the electrically driven compressor can also be supplied with electrical energy in some other way, for example by means of a fuel cell or another element that emits electrical energy, such as a battery.
  • the electrical energy can be supplied to the electrically driven compressor from any combination of the elements listed as examples.
  • the electrically driven Compressor 2 can be operated with a power which is sufficient even under extreme operating conditions in order to extract the desired amount of heat from the latent cold storage 12.
  • the refrigerant which can be R134a or CO2, for example, is compressed, as a result of which its temperature increases.
  • the condenser 4 is designed to extract heat from the refrigerant via the air flowing through the condenser 4.
  • the refrigerant thus liquefied and liquefied flows via the second line 16 to the collector 8 and from there via the third line 18 and to the expansion valve 10 by means of which it is expanded to a lower pressure, the temperature of the refrigerant falling sharply.
  • the refrigerant then flows towards the latent cold storage 12 and extracts heat from the cold storage medium there by evaporating there.
  • the then again gaseous refrigerant flows via the fifth line 22 to the electrically driven compressor 2 and is compressed there again.
  • the high specific cooling capacity of the latent cold storage 12 stems essentially from the fact that energy is extracted from the cold storage medium in the latent cold storage by means of the refrigerant in such a way that a phase transition from a liquid state to a solid state takes place.
  • the latent cold storage can be made compact. It is also inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the condenser 4 is preferably a gas cooler and the lines 18, 22 touch in an internal heat exchanger and the collector is arranged in the line 22.
  • the air conditioning system comprises a coolant circuit 30, which comprises a heat exchanger 32, a pump 34 and the latent cold storage 12.
  • the latent cold storage 12 is connected by means of a sixth line 36 to the heat exchanger 32, which is connected to the output side via a seventh line 38 the pump 34 is connected on the input side.
  • the pump 34 is connected on the output side to the latent cold storage 12 via an eighth line 40.
  • the pump 34 is preferably electrically driven and can, for example, obtain the necessary electrical energy from a battery, not shown.
  • the pump 34 pumps the coolant of the coolant circuit through the latent cold storage 12, whereby it supplies the latent cold storage 12 with heat and is thus cooled.
  • the cooled coolant then flows or flows through the sixth line 36 to the heat exchanger 32, to which air is fed in a controlled manner via a fan 42, which then emits heat to the heat exchanger 32 and is thus cooled and contributes to the desired cooling of an interior of the motor vehicle.
  • the heat exchanger 32 can be arranged in the area of the driver's cell or in a bedroom or living area of the motor vehicle. The heat emitted by the air flowing through heats the coolant in the heat exchanger 32 and the coolant thus heated flows via the seventh line 38 to the pump 34, from which it is pumped again into the latent cold storage 12.
  • the electrically driven compressor 2 is preferably operated while the motor vehicle is in operation and heat is thus removed from the latent cold storage 12.
  • the compressor 22 is preferably not driven, at most with a low electrical output.
  • the pump 34 is driven as a function of the cooling power required and air is accordingly cooled in the motor vehicle by means of the coolant circuit 30.
  • a heating element is also provided, which is a heating heat exchanger 44 through which a fluid, preferably a water-glycol mixture, flows, which can be heated by means of a fuel heating device 46 and via a ninth line 48 the heat exchanger 44 is supplied.
  • the heating heat exchanger 44 is arranged such that the blower 44 also controls the air flowing through the heating heat exchanger 44. So with just one blower 44 both air flowing through the heat exchanger 44 and the air flowing through the heat exchanger 32 are controlled.
  • an air heating element 50 is provided which, for example, can be designed as a PTC resistance element and thus converts electrical energy into heat, and which is arranged such that the air heating element 50 flows past it Air quantity is controlled by the fan 42.
  • the air heating element 50 can also be designed as a fuel-air heater, for example.
  • the blower 42 is assigned to the latent cold storage 12 and controls such that the air which is to be cooled flows through the latent cold storage or flows past cooling ribs assigned to it and thus releases heat to the latent cold storage 12 and with it is cooled.
  • the air conditioning system can be designed to be particularly compact, since the coolant circuit 30 can be dispensed with, in particular if the air is to be cooled at several points in the motor vehicle, in this connection it is advantageous if the air conditioning system comprises a plurality of latent cold stores 12 , This plurality of latent cold stores 12 can then be arranged at the corresponding points in the vehicle, for example in the case of a truck a latent cold store 12 can be arranged in the driver's cabin and a further latent cold store 12 in a bedroom or living room designed separately therefrom.
  • the fuel heater 46 and the heating heat exchanger 44 or the air heating element 50 can also be present in accordance with the configurations according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the fuel heater 46 is arranged in a bypass 48 of the coolant circuit 30. In a sixth embodiment of the air conditioning system, the fuel heater 46 is coupled to the sixth line 36.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle comprising a coolant circuit (1) that contains an electrically driven compressor (2), a condenser (4), an expansion valve (10) and a latent cold accumulator (12). Heat is removed from the latent cold accumulator (12) by means of the cooling circuit (1); this is referred to as the charging of the latent cold accumulator (12). The system is also equipped with means for cooling air, which are configured in such a way that heat is removed from said air and supplied to the latent cold accumulator (12). Thus the cost-effective, efficient air conditioning system can be used, in particular, when the vehicle is stationary.

Description

Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug Air conditioning for a motor vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Kältemittel- Kreislauf, der einen Kompressor, einen Kondensator, ein Expansionsventil und einen Latentkaltespeicher umfasst, dem mittels des Kältemittel-Kreislaufs Wärme entziehbar ist. Dieses Entziehen von Wärme wird als Laden bezeichnet. Ferner umfaßt die Klimaanlage Mittel zum Kühlen von Luft, die so ausgebildet sind, dass der Luft Wärme entzogen wird und die Wärme dem Latentkaltespeicher zugeführt wird. Dieses Zuführen von Wärme wird als Entladen bezeichnet. Eine derartige Klimaanlage wird insbesondere eingesetzt für Lastkraftwagen. Sie wird dort insbesondere als Standklimaanlage genutzt.The invention relates to an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle with a refrigerant circuit, which comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and a latent cold storage device, from which heat can be extracted by means of the refrigerant circuit. This removal of heat is known as charging. The air conditioning system further comprises means for cooling air, which are designed such that heat is extracted from the air and the heat is supplied to the latent cold store. This supply of heat is called discharging. Such an air conditioning system is used in particular for trucks. It is used there in particular as a parking cooler.
Aus der DE 198 52 641 C1 ist eine Standklimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug bekannt mit einem Kältemittel-Kreislauf, der einen Kompressor, einen Verflüssiger, einen Sammler und mindestens eine Eisspeicher-Baueinheit umfaßt. Die Eisspeicher-Baueinheit besteht aus einem Verdampfer mit Expansionsorgan und einen diesen umgebenden Eisspeicher. Ferner ist parallel zu der mindestens einen Eisspeichereinheit ein weiterer Verdampfer mit einem Expansionsorgan geschaltet, wobei über entsprechende Umschaltventile gesteuert werden kann, ob das Kältemittel durch den weiteren Verdampfer oder den Verdampfer der Eisspeicher-Baueinheit strömt. Der Kompressor wird mechanisch angetrieben über einen Antriebsmotor des Fahrzeugs und ist mit diesem mittels einer Magnetkupplung über einen Keilriemen koppelbar.From DE 198 52 641 C1 a parking cooler for a motor vehicle is known with a refrigerant circuit, which comprises a compressor, a condenser, a collector and at least one ice storage unit. The ice storage unit consists of an evaporator with expansion element and an ice storage device surrounding it. Furthermore, a further evaporator with an expansion element is connected in parallel to the at least one ice storage unit, it being possible to control via appropriate changeover valves whether the refrigerant flows through the further evaporator or the evaporator of the ice storage unit. The compressor is mechanically driven by a drive motor of the vehicle and can be coupled to it by means of a magnetic coupling via a V-belt.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine kompakte Klimaanlage zu schaffen, die geeignet ist zum Kühlen eines Fahrzeugs im Standbetrieb des Fahrzeugs. Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch Merkmale des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.The object of the invention is to provide a compact air conditioning system which is suitable for cooling a vehicle when the vehicle is stationary. The object is achieved by features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung zeichnet sich aus durch eine Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem ersten Kältemittel-Kreislauf, der einen elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressor, einen Kondensator, ein Expansionsventil und einen Latentkaltespeicher umfasst, dem mittels des Kältemittel-Kreislaufs Wärme entzogen wird, und mit Mitteln zum Kühlen von Luft, die so ausgebildet sind, daß der Luft Wärme entzogen wird und die Wärme dem Latentkaltespeicher zugeführt wird. Durch den elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressor kann die Leistung des Kompressors unabhängig von der Drehzahl einer Antriebswelle des Kraftfahrzeugs eingestellt werden und gegebenenfalls kann dem Kompressor auch elektrische Energie unabhängig von dem Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dadurch kann auf einfache Weise auch bei extremer Hitze dem Latentkaltespeicher eine vorgebbare Wärmemenge entzogen werden.The invention is characterized by an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle with a first refrigerant circuit, which comprises an electrically driven compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and a latent cold store, from which heat is extracted by means of the refrigerant circuit, and with means for cooling Air that is designed so that heat is extracted from the air and the heat is supplied to the latent cold storage. The power of the compressor can be set independently of the rotational speed of a drive shaft of the motor vehicle by means of the electrically driven compressor, and if necessary electrical energy can also be made available to the compressor independently of the drive of the motor vehicle. As a result, a predeterminable amount of heat can be removed from the latent cold storage in a simple manner even in extreme heat.
Wenn eine weitere, eine primäre Klimaanlage in dem Kraftfahrzeug angeordnet ist, deren Kompressor von der Antriebswelle des Kraftfahrzeugs, also z.B. der Kurbelwelle, angetrieben wird, kann das Laden des Latentkaltespeichers der Klimaanlage auch dann noch schnell erfolgen, wenn der Kompressor der primären Klimaanlage bei seiner Leistungsgrenze betrieben wird.If a further, primary air conditioning system is arranged in the motor vehicle, the compressor of which is driven by the drive shaft of the motor vehicle, e.g. the crankshaft, is driven, the loading of the latent cold storage of the air conditioning system can also take place quickly when the compressor of the primary air conditioning system is operated at its capacity limit.
Der Latentkaltespeicher zeichnet sich darüber hinaus aus durch eine sehr hohe spezifische Kältekapazität. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Klimaanlage sehr kompakt ausgebildet sein kann. Sie kann, insbesondere im Standbetrieb des Fahrzeugs, wenn die Antriebswelle nicht rotiert, der Luft eine große Wärmemenge entziehen.The latent cold storage is also characterized by a very high specific cooling capacity. This has the advantage that the air conditioning system can be made very compact. It can draw a large amount of heat from the air, especially when the vehicle is stationary, when the drive shaft is not rotating.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung hat die Klimaanlage einen Kühlmittel-Kreislauf, der eine Pumpe, den Latentkaltespeicher und einen Wärmetauscher umfasst, über den der Luft Wärme entzogen wird und die Wärme dann dem Latentkaltespeicher zugeführt wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Wärmetauscher an einer beliebigen Stelle im Kraftfahrzeug angeordnet sein kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the air conditioning system has a coolant circuit which comprises a pump, the latent cold store and a heat exchanger, via which heat is extracted from the air and the heat then the latent cold storage is supplied. This has the advantage that the heat exchanger can be arranged anywhere in the motor vehicle.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dem Wärmetauscher ein Gebläse zugeordnet, das den Luftstrom durch den Wärmetauscher beeinflusst und das gleichzeitig den Luftstrom durch ein Heizelement beeinflusst. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass nur ein Gebläse notwendig ist, um einerseits Luft zu kühlen und andererseits Luft zu heizen.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a fan is assigned to the heat exchanger which influences the air flow through the heat exchanger and which at the same time influences the air flow through a heating element. This has the advantage that only one fan is necessary to cool air on the one hand and to heat air on the other.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Heizelement ein Heizwärmetauscher ist, der von einem Fluid durchströmt wird, das mittels eines Brennstoff-Heizgeräts aufheizbar ist. Mit einem derartig ausgebildeten Heizelement ist eine besonders hohe Heizleistung möglich.It is particularly advantageous if the heating element is a heating heat exchanger through which a fluid flows, which can be heated by means of a fuel heating device. A particularly high heating output is possible with a heating element designed in this way.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Latentkaltespeicher so angeordnet, dass die zu kühlende Luft durch den Latentkaltespeicher strömt und dabei gekühlt wird. Dadurch kann die Klimaanlage besonders kompakt ausgebildet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn der Kältemittel-Kreislauf mehrere Latentkaltespeicher umfasst. So kann eine Kühlung an mehreren Stellen des Kraftfahrzeugs erfolgen. Dies ist insbesondere von Vorteil in Lastkraftwagen, die neben einer Fahrerkabine noch eine davon separat ausgebildete Schlafwohnkabine haben.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the latent cold storage is arranged such that the air to be cooled flows through the latent cold storage and is thereby cooled. As a result, the air conditioning system can be made particularly compact. In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the refrigerant circuit comprises several latent cold stores. In this way, cooling can take place at several points in the motor vehicle. This is particularly advantageous in trucks which, in addition to a driver's cabin, also have a sleeping cabin designed separately from them.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Klimaanlage ein Generator zugeordnet, der von einer Antriebswelle eines Antriebs der Brennkraftmaschine angetrieben wird und so die elektrische Energie des elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressors zur Verfügung stellt. So kann der elektrisch angetriebene Kompressor während des Fahrbetriebs mit hoher Leistung betrieben werden.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the air conditioning system is assigned a generator which is driven by a drive shaft of a drive of the internal combustion engine and thus provides the electrical energy of the electrically driven compressor. The electrically driven compressor can thus be operated at high power while driving.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind im folgenden anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen: Figur 1 eine erste Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage, Figur 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage, Figur 3 eine dritte Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage, Figur 4 eine vierte Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage, Figur 5 eine fünfte Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage und Figur 6 eine sechste Ausführungsform der Klimaanlage,Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the schematic drawings. Show it: 1 shows a first embodiment of the air conditioning system, FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the air conditioning system, FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the air conditioning system, FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the air conditioning system, FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the air conditioning system and FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the air conditioning system,
Elemente gleicher Konstruktion und Funktion sind figurenübergreifend mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.Elements of the same construction and function are identified with the same reference symbols in all figures.
Eine Klimaanlage (Figur 1 ) ist in einem Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere in einem Lastkraftwagen, angeordnet. Sie hat einen Kältemittel-Kreislauf 1 , der einen elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressor 2, einen Kondensator 4, dem ein Kondensator-Gebläse 6 zugeordnet ist, einen Sammler 8, ein Expansionsventil 10 und einen Latentkaltespeicher 12 umfasst.An air conditioning system (FIG. 1) is arranged in a motor vehicle, in particular in a truck. It has a refrigerant circuit 1, which comprises an electrically driven compressor 2, a condenser 4, to which a condenser blower 6 is assigned, a collector 8, an expansion valve 10 and a latent cold store 12.
Das Expansionventil 10 kann steuerbar sein oder auch nur als Drossel ausgebildet sein. Der Kompressor 2 ist ausgangsseitig über eine erste Leitung 14 mit dem Kondensator 4 verbunden, der wiederum ausgangsseitig über eine zweite Leitung 16 mit dem Sammler 8, der auch bevorzugt einen Trockner umfasst, verbunden. Der Sammler 8 ist über eine dritte Leitung 18 mit dem Expansionsventil 1O verbunden, das ausgangsseitig über eine fünfte Leitung 22 mit dem Latentkaltespeicher verbunden ist. Der Latentkaltespeicher 12 ist ausgangsseitig über eine fünfte Leitung 22 mit dem Kompressor 2 eingangsseitig verbunden. Dem elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressor 2 wird elektrische Energie bevorzugt von einem Generator 24 zugeführt, der von einer Antriebswelle 26 eines Antriebs 28 des Kraftfahrzeugs angetrieben wird. Der Antrieb 28 kann beispielsweise eine Brennkraftmaschine sein. Der elektrisch angetriebene Kompressor kann jedoch elektrische Energie auch anderweitig zugeführt bekommen, so zum Beispiel mittels einer Brennstoffzelle oder eines sonstigen elektrischen Energie abgebenden Elements, wie zum Beispiel einer Batterie. Dabei kann dem elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressor die elektrische Energie von einer beliebigen Kombination der beispielhaft aufgeführten Elemente zugeführt werden. Bei entsprechender Auslegung dieser Elemente kann der elektrisch angetriebene Kompressor 2 mit einer Leistung betrieben werden, die auch unter extremen Betriebsbedingungen ausreicht, um dem Latentkaltespeicher 12 die gewünschte Wärmemenge zu entziehen.The expansion valve 10 can be controllable or can also be designed as a throttle. The compressor 2 is connected on the output side via a first line 14 to the condenser 4, which in turn is connected on the output side via a second line 16 to the collector 8, which also preferably comprises a dryer. The collector 8 is connected via a third line 18 to the expansion valve 10, which is connected on the output side to the latent cold store via a fifth line 22. The latent cold storage 12 is connected on the output side via a fifth line 22 to the compressor 2 on the input side. Electrical energy is preferably supplied to the electrically driven compressor 2 by a generator 24 which is driven by a drive shaft 26 of a drive 28 of the motor vehicle. The drive 28 can be an internal combustion engine, for example. However, the electrically driven compressor can also be supplied with electrical energy in some other way, for example by means of a fuel cell or another element that emits electrical energy, such as a battery. The electrical energy can be supplied to the electrically driven compressor from any combination of the elements listed as examples. With appropriate design of these elements, the electrically driven Compressor 2 can be operated with a power which is sufficient even under extreme operating conditions in order to extract the desired amount of heat from the latent cold storage 12.
Während des Betriebs des elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressors 2 wird das Kältemittel, das beispielsweise R134a oder auch CO2 sein kann, komprimiert, wodurch sich seine Temperatur erhöht. Der Kondensator 4 ist im Zusammenwirken mit dem Kondensator-Gebläse 6 dazu ausgebildet, dass dem Kältemittel über die durch den Kondensator 4 strömende Luft Wärme entzogen wird. Das so gekühlte und verflüssigte Kältemittel strömt über die zweite Leitung 16 weiter zum Sammler 8 und von dort über die dritte Leitung 18 hin und zu dem Expansionsventil 10 mittels dessen es auf einen niedrigeren Druck expandiert wird, wobei die Temperatur des Kältemittels stark sinkt. Das Kältemittel strömt anschließend hin zu dem Latentkaltespeicher 12 und entzieht dort dem Kältespeichermedium Wärme, indem es dort verdampft. Das dann wieder gasförmige Kältemittel strömt über die fünfte Leitung 22 weiter zum elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressor 2 und wird dort wieder verdichtet.During the operation of the electrically driven compressor 2, the refrigerant, which can be R134a or CO2, for example, is compressed, as a result of which its temperature increases. In cooperation with the condenser fan 6, the condenser 4 is designed to extract heat from the refrigerant via the air flowing through the condenser 4. The refrigerant thus liquefied and liquefied flows via the second line 16 to the collector 8 and from there via the third line 18 and to the expansion valve 10 by means of which it is expanded to a lower pressure, the temperature of the refrigerant falling sharply. The refrigerant then flows towards the latent cold storage 12 and extracts heat from the cold storage medium there by evaporating there. The then again gaseous refrigerant flows via the fifth line 22 to the electrically driven compressor 2 and is compressed there again.
Die hohe spezifische Kältekapazität des Latentkaltespeichers 12 rührt im wesentlichen daher, dass dem Kältespeichermedium in dem Latentkaltespeicher mittels des Kältemittels Energie derart entzogen wird, dass ein Phasenübergang von einem flüssigen Zustand zu einem Feststoffzustand stattfindet. Der Latentkaltespeicher kann so kompakt ausgebildet sein. Er ist ferner kostengünstig herstellbar.The high specific cooling capacity of the latent cold storage 12 stems essentially from the fact that energy is extracted from the cold storage medium in the latent cold storage by means of the refrigerant in such a way that a phase transition from a liquid state to a solid state takes place. The latent cold storage can be made compact. It is also inexpensive to manufacture.
Wenn das Kältemittel CO2 ist, ist bevorzugt der Kondensator 4 ein Gaskühler und die Leitungen 18,22 berühren sich in einem internen Wärmetauscher und der Sammler ist in der Leitung 22 angeordnet.If the refrigerant is CO2, the condenser 4 is preferably a gas cooler and the lines 18, 22 touch in an internal heat exchanger and the collector is arranged in the line 22.
Die Klimaanlage umfasst einen Kühlmittel-Kreislauf 30, der einen Wärmetauscher 32, eine Pumpe 34 und den Latentkaltespeicher 12 umfasst. Der Latentkaltespeicher 12 ist mittels einer sechsten Leitung 36 mit dem Wärmetauscher 32 verbunden, der ausgangsseitig über eine siebte Leitung 38 mit der Pumpe 34 eingangsseitig verbunden ist. Die Pumpe 34 ist ausgangsseitig über eine achte Leitung 40 mit dem Latentkaltespeicher 12 verbunden.The air conditioning system comprises a coolant circuit 30, which comprises a heat exchanger 32, a pump 34 and the latent cold storage 12. The latent cold storage 12 is connected by means of a sixth line 36 to the heat exchanger 32, which is connected to the output side via a seventh line 38 the pump 34 is connected on the input side. The pump 34 is connected on the output side to the latent cold storage 12 via an eighth line 40.
Die Pumpe 34 ist bevorzugt elektrisch angetrieben und kann beispielsweise die dafür notwendige elektrische Energie von einer nicht dargestellten Batterie beziehen. Die Pumpe 34 pumpt das Kühlmittel des Kühlmittel-Kreislaufs durch den Latentkaltespeicher 12, wobei es dem Latentkaltespeicher 12 Wärme zuführt und so gekühlt wird. Das gekühlte Kühlmittel fließt beziehungsweise strömt dann durch die sechste Leitung 36 hin zu dem Wärmetauscher 32, dem gesteuert über ein Gebläse 42 Luft zugeführt wird, die dann Wärme an den Wärmetauscher 32 abgibt und so gekühlt wird und zur gewünschten Kühlung eines Innenraums des Kraftfahrzeugs beiträgt. Der Wärmetauscher 32 kann im Bereich der Fahrerzelle oder auch in einem Schlaf- oder Wohnraum des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet sein. Die von der durchströmenden Luft abgegebene Wärme erwärmt das Kühlmittel in dem Wärmetauscher 32 und das so erwärmte Kühlmittel strömt über die siebte Leitung 38 hin zu der Pumpe 34, von der es wieder in den Latentkaltespeicher 12 gepumpt wird.The pump 34 is preferably electrically driven and can, for example, obtain the necessary electrical energy from a battery, not shown. The pump 34 pumps the coolant of the coolant circuit through the latent cold storage 12, whereby it supplies the latent cold storage 12 with heat and is thus cooled. The cooled coolant then flows or flows through the sixth line 36 to the heat exchanger 32, to which air is fed in a controlled manner via a fan 42, which then emits heat to the heat exchanger 32 and is thus cooled and contributes to the desired cooling of an interior of the motor vehicle. The heat exchanger 32 can be arranged in the area of the driver's cell or in a bedroom or living area of the motor vehicle. The heat emitted by the air flowing through heats the coolant in the heat exchanger 32 and the coolant thus heated flows via the seventh line 38 to the pump 34, from which it is pumped again into the latent cold storage 12.
Bevorzugt wird der elektrisch angetriebene Kompressor 2 während des Fahrbetriebs des Kraftfahrzeugs betrieben und so dem Latentkaltespeicher 12 Wärme entzogen. Während des Standbetriebs des Kraftfahrzeugs wird der Kompressor 22 bevorzugt nicht, allenfalls mit einer geringen elektrischen Leistung, angetrieben. Im Standbetrieb wird abhängig von der benötigten Kühlleistung die Pumpe 34 angetrieben und so mittels des Kühlmittel-Kreislaufs 30 Luft in dem Kraftfahrzeug entsprechend gekühlt.The electrically driven compressor 2 is preferably operated while the motor vehicle is in operation and heat is thus removed from the latent cold storage 12. During the stationary operation of the motor vehicle, the compressor 22 is preferably not driven, at most with a low electrical output. In stationary operation, the pump 34 is driven as a function of the cooling power required and air is accordingly cooled in the motor vehicle by means of the coolant circuit 30.
In einer zweiten Ausführungsform (Figur 2) der Erfindung ist ferner ein Heizelement vorgesehen, das ein Heizwärmetauscher 44 ist, der von einem Fluid, bevorzugt einem Wasser-Glykol Gemisch, durchströmt wird, das mittels eines Brennstoffheizgeräts 46 aufheizbar ist und über eine neunte Leitung 48 dem Heizwärmetauscher 44 zugeführt wird. Der Heizwärmetauscher 44 ist so angeordnet, dass das Gebläse 44 auch die durch den Heizwärmetauscher 44 strömende Luft steuert. So kann einfach mit nur einem Gebläse 44 sowohl die durch den Heizwärmetauscher 44 strömende Luft als auch die durch den Wärmetauscher 32 strömende Luft gesteuert werden.In a second embodiment (FIG. 2) of the invention, a heating element is also provided, which is a heating heat exchanger 44 through which a fluid, preferably a water-glycol mixture, flows, which can be heated by means of a fuel heating device 46 and via a ninth line 48 the heat exchanger 44 is supplied. The heating heat exchanger 44 is arranged such that the blower 44 also controls the air flowing through the heating heat exchanger 44. So with just one blower 44 both air flowing through the heat exchanger 44 and the air flowing through the heat exchanger 32 are controlled.
In einer dritten Ausführungsform (Figur 3) der Klimaanlage ist ein Luft-Heizelement 50 vorgesehen, das beispielsweise als PTC-Widerstandselement ausgebildet sein kann und somit elektrische Energie in Wärme umwandelt, und das so angeordnet ist, dass die an dem Luft-Heizelement 50 vorbeiströmende Luftmenge mittels des Gebläses 42 gesteuert wird. Das Luft-Heizelement 50 kann beispielsweise auch als Brennstoff-Luft-Heizgerät ausgebildet sein.In a third embodiment (FIG. 3) of the air conditioning system, an air heating element 50 is provided which, for example, can be designed as a PTC resistance element and thus converts electrical energy into heat, and which is arranged such that the air heating element 50 flows past it Air quantity is controlled by the fan 42. The air heating element 50 can also be designed as a fuel-air heater, for example.
In einer vierten Ausgestaltung (Figur 4) der Klimaanlage ist das Gebläse 42 dem Latentkaltespeicher 12 zugeordnet und steuert so, dass die Luft, die gekühlt werden soll, durch den Latentkaltespeicher strömt oder an diesem zugeordneten Kühlrippen vorbeiströmt und somit Wärme an den Latentkaltespeicher 12 abgibt und damit gekühlt wird. Dadurch kann die Klimaanlage besonders kompakt ausgebildet sein, da auf den Kühlmittel-Kreislauf 30 verzichtet werden kann, insbesondere dann, wenn an mehreren Stellen des Kraftfahrzeugs eine Kühlung der Luft erfolgen soll, ist es in diesem Zusammenhang vorteilhaft, wenn die Klimaanlage mehrere Latentkaltespeicher 12 umfasst. Diese mehreren Latentkaltespeicher 12 können dann an den entsprechenden Stellen des Fahrzeugs angeordnet sein, so kann beispielsweise bei einem LKW ein Latentkaltespeicher 12 in der Fahrerkabine und ein weiterer Latentkaltespeicher 12 in einem separat davon ausgebildeten Schlaf-/oder Wohnraum angeordnet sein.In a fourth embodiment (FIG. 4) of the air conditioning system, the blower 42 is assigned to the latent cold storage 12 and controls such that the air which is to be cooled flows through the latent cold storage or flows past cooling ribs assigned to it and thus releases heat to the latent cold storage 12 and with it is cooled. As a result, the air conditioning system can be designed to be particularly compact, since the coolant circuit 30 can be dispensed with, in particular if the air is to be cooled at several points in the motor vehicle, in this connection it is advantageous if the air conditioning system comprises a plurality of latent cold stores 12 , This plurality of latent cold stores 12 can then be arranged at the corresponding points in the vehicle, for example in the case of a truck a latent cold store 12 can be arranged in the driver's cabin and a further latent cold store 12 in a bedroom or living room designed separately therefrom.
Bei der vierten Ausgestaltung der Klimaanlage können auch entsprechend den Ausgestaltungen gemäß der Figuren 2 und 3 das Brennstoffheizgerät 46 und der Heizwärmetauscher 44 oder das Luftheizelement 50 vorhanden sein.In the fourth configuration of the air conditioning system, the fuel heater 46 and the heating heat exchanger 44 or the air heating element 50 can also be present in accordance with the configurations according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
In einer fünften Ausgestaltung der Klimaanalage (Figur 5) ist das Brennstoffheizgerät 46 in einem Bypass 48 des Kühlmittel-Kreislaufs 30 angeordnet. In einer sechsten Ausgestaltung der Klimaanlage ist das Brennstoffheizgerät 46 mit der sechsten Leitung 36 gekoppelt. In a fifth embodiment of the air conditioning system (FIG. 5), the fuel heater 46 is arranged in a bypass 48 of the coolant circuit 30. In a sixth embodiment of the air conditioning system, the fuel heater 46 is coupled to the sixth line 36.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Kältemittel-Kreislauf (1 ), der einen elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressor (2), einen Kondensator (4), ein Expansionsventil (10) und einen Latentkaltespeicher (12) umfasst, dem mittels des Kältemittel-Kreislaufs (1) Wärme entzogen wird, und mit Mitteln zum Kühlen von Luft, die so ausgebildet sind, dass der Luft Wärme entzogen wird und die Wärme dem Latentkaltespeicher (12) zugeführt wird.1. Air conditioning system for a motor vehicle with a refrigerant circuit (1), which comprises an electrically driven compressor (2), a condenser (4), an expansion valve (10) and a latent cold storage device (12), which by means of the refrigerant circuit ( 1) heat is removed, and with means for cooling air, which are designed such that heat is extracted from the air and the heat is supplied to the latent cold store (12).
2. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1 , bei dem die Mittel zum Kühlen von Luft einen Kühlmittel-Kreislauf (30) umfassen, der eine Pumpe (34), den Latentkaltespeicher (12) und einen Wärmetauscher (32) umfasst, über den der Luft Wärme entzogen wird, die dann dem Latentkaltespeicher (12) zugeführt wird.2. Air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the means for cooling air comprise a coolant circuit (30) which comprises a pump (34), the latent cold storage (12) and a heat exchanger (32) via which heat is extracted from the air is, which is then fed to the latent cold storage (12).
3. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 2, bei der dem Wärmetauscher (32) ein Gebläse (42) zugeordnet ist, das den Luftstrom durch den Wärmetauscher (32) beeinflußt und das gleichzeitig den Luftstrom durch ein Heizelement beeinflusst.3. Air conditioning system according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger (32) is associated with a fan (42) which influences the air flow through the heat exchanger (32) and which simultaneously influences the air flow through a heating element.
4. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 3, bei der das Heizelement ein Heizwärmetauscher (44) ist, der von einem Fluid durchströmt wird, das mittels eines Brennstoff- Heizgeräts (46) aufheizbar ist.4. Air conditioning system according to claim 3, wherein the heating element is a heating heat exchanger (44) through which a fluid flows, which can be heated by means of a fuel heater (46).
5. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1, bei der der Latentkaltespeicher (12) so angeordnet ist, dass die zu kühlende Luft durch den Latentkaltespeicher (12) strömt und dabei gekühlt wird.5. Air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the latent cold storage (12) is arranged so that the air to be cooled flows through the latent cold storage (12) and is thereby cooled.
6. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 5, bei der der Kältemittel-Kreislauf (1) mehrere Latentkaltespeicher (12) umfasst.6. Air conditioning system according to claim 5, wherein the refrigerant circuit (1) comprises a plurality of latent cold stores (12).
7. Klimaanlage nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, der ein Generator (24) zugeordnet ist, der von einer Antriebswelle (26) eines Antriebs (28) des7. Air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, which is assigned a generator (24) of a drive shaft (26) of a drive (28) of the
Kraftfahrzeugs angetrieben wird und so die elektrische Energie zum Antreiben des elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressors (2) zur Verfügung stellt. Motor vehicle is driven and thus provides the electrical energy for driving the electrically driven compressor (2).
EP05706677A 2004-01-19 2005-01-14 Air conditioning system for a motor vehicle Withdrawn EP1706282A1 (en)

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CN1933986A (en) 2007-03-21
KR100812457B1 (en) 2008-03-10
CA2553829A1 (en) 2005-07-28
EA009561B1 (en) 2008-02-28
AU2005204993B2 (en) 2008-09-18
BRPI0506922A (en) 2007-06-05
CN101504204A (en) 2009-08-12
AU2005204993A1 (en) 2005-07-28
EA200601346A1 (en) 2006-12-29
WO2005068229A1 (en) 2005-07-28
KR20060118583A (en) 2006-11-23
JP2007518618A (en) 2007-07-12
DE102004002715A1 (en) 2005-09-15
CA2553829C (en) 2010-01-05
US20080173029A1 (en) 2008-07-24

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