EP1699592A1 - Pneumatic blocking support for an optical lens - Google Patents

Pneumatic blocking support for an optical lens

Info

Publication number
EP1699592A1
EP1699592A1 EP04805382A EP04805382A EP1699592A1 EP 1699592 A1 EP1699592 A1 EP 1699592A1 EP 04805382 A EP04805382 A EP 04805382A EP 04805382 A EP04805382 A EP 04805382A EP 1699592 A1 EP1699592 A1 EP 1699592A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seal
lens
locking
support
support according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04805382A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1699592B1 (en
Inventor
Armand Achy
Alain Chansavoir
Jean-Francois Belly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EssilorLuxottica SA
Original Assignee
Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA filed Critical Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
Priority to PL04805382T priority Critical patent/PL1699592T3/en
Publication of EP1699592A1 publication Critical patent/EP1699592A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1699592B1 publication Critical patent/EP1699592B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/005—Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices
    • B24B13/0057—Deblocking of lenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/005—Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices
    • B24B13/0052—Lens block moulding devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the manufacture of optical lenses such as ophthalmic and / or sunglass lenses, objective lenses, and the like. It relates in particular to the blocking of such a lens during its surfacing or control and for this purpose relates to a pneumatic locking support which is intended to be fixed on the nose of one or more machine tools or measuring devices or control and which serves to ensure the locking on these machines or devices of the lens or a semi-finished blank of this lens.
  • BACKGROUND ART The process of manufacturing optical lenses, and particularly corrective ophthalmic lenses, requires particularly high care and precision. It usually has two main steps.
  • a semi-finished lens also known as a preform or preform
  • a preform or preform is obtained by molding the synthetic or inorganic material that has been chosen to constitute the base substrate of the lens.
  • the molded semi-finished lens is surfaced on one and / or the other of its two main faces optically useful to satisfy the prescribed geometric model and correction. Due to the high precision and roughness requirements to which it is subjected, this surfacing operation is divided into several sub-steps associated with as many specific workstations, so that it is necessary to organize the circulation of the lens being surfaced from one station to another.
  • machining station for surfacing each face of the lens, there is a machining station providing both roughing and finishing with two separate tools and a polishing station, possibly preceded by a smoothing station. Between these stations or after them, other workstations or control of the lens are likely to intervene, for example engraving stations, shape control or cosmetics, etc.
  • workstations or control of the lens are likely to intervene, for example engraving stations, shape control or cosmetics, etc.
  • One of the most specific problems encountered in the course of this process of surfacing the lens lies in the mounting of the lens on each station with a precise and controlled positioning.
  • This operation Recurrent intermediate gripping and recovery part, commonly called lens lock, is particularly delicate and expensive and often induces positioning inaccuracies likely to significantly deteriorate the optical quality of the finished lens. In fact, this lens lock is subject to two cumulative and antagonistic constraints.
  • the lens made of transparent synthetic or mineral material not yet varnished, is relatively fragile and must be preserved from any marking or cracking, especially on that of its two faces which is finished, while its other face is in course of work.
  • the risk of marking is particularly pronounced with synthetic materials.
  • the lens must be positioned on each station concerned very precisely, with a known and stable spatial orientation in a specific reference system of the station concerned. This constraint of geometric stability of the blocking is particularly sharp and difficult to respect with regard to the manufacture of lenses with complex surfaces such as progressive or customized lenses that do not admit symmetry of revolution.
  • a blocking support is used, sometimes also called gripping block or mandrel, having on the one hand locking means for receiving and immobilizing the lens by one of its main faces and secondly means for the fixing this support on the nose of the various machine tools or measuring and control devices, so as to ensure the locking, with the possible rotational drive, of the lens on the machine or apparatus.
  • the main difficulty lies in how to block the lens on this support, because of the constraints mentioned above.
  • the most common method in practice today because of its geometric precision, is to form and fix by casting, on one of the faces of the lens, from a molten alloy at low melting temperature, a metal block forming a blocking support and having the means for its attachment to the nose of the machine tools of the various stations involved.
  • This method gives overall satisfaction as to its accuracy and stability, but has several economic and environmental disadvantages that make it necessary to search for alternative blocking means.
  • the low-melting alloys used are relatively expensive and should be considered as pollutants dangerous to the environment, so that it is necessary, both for economic reasons and because of increasing environmental constraints. organize their careful recycling. But even with efficient recycling, losses of alloy by evaporation during melting can not be avoided.
  • Such systems implement a gripping block or pneumatic mandrel which, to form a kind of controlled vacuum suction cup, has a cavity bordered by an annular seal against which the preform is placed in abutment to define with the cavity and the seal a room in which a relative vacuum is created.
  • the vacuum can be created either in a box containing, for the locking operation, the gripping block and the lens, or under the effect of a vacuum pump connected to the cavity of the block via a pneumatic valve.
  • This pneumatic blocking solution also called vacuum blocking, does not have the same economic and environmental disadvantages as the solutions of cast or glued blocks previously mentioned.
  • the implementation of this solution is indeed particularly simple and fast, both blocking and unlocking, and it does not involve any chemical consumables.
  • US3794314 discloses a pneumatic blocking support of an optical lens on a machine or apparatus, having on the one hand locking means for receiving and immobilizing a face of the optical lens and secondly means for fixing it on a corresponding member of the machine or apparatus, said locking means comprising a central cavity and a seal having at least one annular portion against which the lens is supported to define with said cavity and said seal a vacuum chamber, the means for blocking comprising stop means arranged to provide the optical lens a rigid seat after elastic deformation of the seal.
  • the seal is arranged to deform in flexion and thus acts in the manner of a lip seal. This arrangement does not solve all the aforementioned drawbacks. It has three major drawbacks.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improvement to the solution of the pneumatic blocking which satisfies the requirements of precision, stability and torque transmission required.
  • a pneumatic blocking support of an optical element on a machine or apparatus having on the one hand locking means for receiving and immobilizing a face of the optical lens and secondly means for fixing it on a corresponding member of the machine or apparatus, the locking means comprising a central cavity and a seal having at least one annular part against which the lens is placed in abutment to define with said cavity and said seal a chamber depression, said locking means comprising stop means arranged to provide the optical lens a rigid seat after elastic deformation of the seal, wherein, for the abutment of the lens, the seal is deformed in compression.
  • the rigidity of the seat of the lens on the support provided by the abutment means which form a seat for the lens, thus ensures the stability and accuracy of the geometric positioning of the lens on its support.
  • the geometry of the lens lock is therefore not affected by the forces generated by the surfacing tools.
  • the rigid seat provided by the abutment means allows a repetitive positioning of constant geometry, or in any case determinable, of the lens in case of unlocking / re-locking. Above all, this arrangement makes it possible to choose the stiffness of the seal as well and to obtain a relatively large contact area of the seal with the lens.
  • the seal immobilizes in rotation the optical lens exclusively by friction of the relevant face of said element, to the exclusion of any mechanical indexing means.
  • the existence of the abutment means combined with the work in compression of the seal it is indeed possible to choose to make the seal in a relatively flexible material, having a high coefficient of friction and thus allowing to obtain a sufficient transmitted torque without requiring too much crushing of the lens against the support, thus avoiding any inadvertent marking of the lens as well as the implementation of mechanical indexing means.
  • the seal has a flattened shape, preferably with a width at least three times greater than its thickness.
  • the abutment means may for example be made in the form of an annular support member or three non-aligned point support members forming a tripod.
  • FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of the support of FIGS. 1 and 2 on which a lens rests before its depression locking;
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed view of zone IV of FIG. 3;
  • - Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3, after locking by depression of the lens;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a pneumatic blocking support according to a second embodiment according to the invention,
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a pneumatic blocking support according to a third embodiment. according to the invention.
  • a first embodiment of a support capable of blocking, by pneumatic action, an optical lens 200, in this case an ophthalmic spectacle lens, on a machine is proposed. tool or measuring device (not shown).
  • the support comprises a block 1 having a generally rotational shape about a central axis 100.
  • This block 1 consists of two main parts: a tray 2 for receiving the lens 200 to be blocked and arranged projecting from this plate means 3 for fixing the support on the nose of the machine tool or the measuring apparatus.
  • the fixing means 3 are of conventional type and are well known in themselves to those skilled in the art; It is therefore useless to detail here the constitution or the mode of action. It suffices to mention that, as illustrated by the figures, these means are in the form of a shaft 100, comprising two sections, one cylindrical adjacent to the plateau and noted 4, and the other conical noted 5 The end of the conical section 5 is provided at the end with indexing notches 6.
  • the support also has locking means whose function is to receive and immobilize the lens 200 by its main face. opposite to the one to be surfaced. These locking means are arranged on an upper face 7 of the plate 3. In the example illustrated, it is a question of blocking the lens 200 for the purpose of surfacing its convex face 201 and it is therefore necessary to grip the lens 200 by its face Concave 202.
  • the reception face 7 of the plate 2 is generally convex and in this case presents a quasi-conical shape.
  • the locking means comprise firstly a central cavity 8 and an annular seal 9.
  • the central cavity 8 is formed in recess of the receiving face 7 of the plate 2 to form a kind of crater.
  • the annular seal 9 is attached to the plate 3 and projects from the reception face 7 of this plate.
  • the seal 9 has a flattened crown shape, with a radial dimension, that is to say a width denoted Ig in Figure 4, at least three times greater than its thickness eg.
  • the locking means further comprise stop means arranged to form a stable seat and accurate reception of the lens 200, as will be better explained later. More precisely, in the first example illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, these abutment means are in the form of an annular bead 10 of revolution about the axis 100.
  • This annular bead is constituted by a circular ridge of 100 axis bordering the central cavity 8 and formed at the top of its side. It is preferable, in order not to mark the face 202 of the lens 200, that this ridge or bead does not present a sharp stop, but on the contrary has a surface continuity of the second order.
  • the receiving face 7 On the outside of this abutment bead, the receiving face 7 has a recess 12 around which the inner edge of the seal 9 engages and which forms thus, a seat for setting the seal 9 on the axis 100. As can be seen more clearly in FIG.
  • Block 1 is made in one piece integrally molded from a rigid material such as metal or a rigid plastic material. Only the seal 9, for example rubber, is attached to this block. In use, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the lens 200 is first resting on its concave face 202 against the seal 9 to delimit with the cavity 8 and the seal 9 a vacuum chamber 11.
  • a relative vacuum is then created in this chamber 11 to block the lens 200 by suction effect.
  • the vacuum can be created, in a manner known per se, either in a box containing, for the blocking operation, the support and the lens, or under the effect of a vacuum pump connected to the chamber 11 via an opening (not shown) provided in the block 1 and equipped with a pneumatic valve (not shown).
  • the intensity of the depression must result from a compromise between blocking strength and preservation of the optical integrity of the concave face 202 of the lens. In the tests, satisfactory results were obtained with a depression of the order of -0.9 bar. Under the effect of the depression thus generated, elastic compression of the seal 9 is observed, until the concave face 202 of the lens 200 comes into contact with the bead 10.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the support proposed here comprises, as previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, a block 20 generally of revolution with a receiving plate 21 and an attachment sleeve 22 arranged along a common axis.
  • the handle 22 is identical to the handle 3 of the first embodiment.
  • the receiving tray 21 is provided, for the locking of a lens (not shown) such as the lens 200 of the first example, locking means having the function of receiving and immobilizing the lens by its face opposite to that to be surfaced. These locking means are arranged on an upper face 23 of the plate 21.
  • a lens such as the lens 200 of the first example
  • locking means having the function of receiving and immobilizing the lens by its face opposite to that to be surfaced.
  • These locking means are arranged on an upper face 23 of the plate 21.
  • the reception face 23 of the plate 21 is here generally flat or concave.
  • the locking means comprise a central cavity 24 formed in recess of the reception face 23 and an annular seal 25 attached to the plate 21 and projecting from the reception face 23 of this plate.
  • the seal 25 has a flattened crown shape, with a width much greater than its thickness, and has a conical inner flange which engages with the flank of the bowl 24.
  • the seal 25 matches the flat or concave shape of the face d 23. The latter does not present here any recess, the seal 25 is raised on this face of all its thickness.
  • the locking means further comprise stop means arranged to form a stable seat and accurate reception of the lens. These abutment means are here in the form of three non-aligned projecting studs 26 forming a tripod. These three studs 26 are arranged equidistantly on a circle of the same axis as the block 20 adjacent to the outer edge of the seal 25, which comes into wedging against these pads.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a third embodiment of a support according to the invention.
  • the support proposed here comprises, as before, a block 30 generally of revolution with a receiving plate 31 and a fixing sleeve 32 arranged along a common axis.
  • the handle 32 is identical to the handle 3 of the first embodiment.
  • the receiving plate 31 is provided, for the locking of a lens (not shown) such as the lens 200 of the first example, locking means having the function of receiving and immobilizing the lens by its face opposite to the one to be surfaced. These locking means are arranged on an upper face 33 of the plate 31.
  • a lens such as the lens 200 of the first example
  • locking means having the function of receiving and immobilizing the lens by its face opposite to the one to be surfaced.
  • These locking means are arranged on an upper face 33 of the plate 31.
  • the receiving face 33 of the plate 31 is here generally concave.
  • the locking means comprise a central cavity 34 formed in recess of the receiving face 33 and an annular seal 35 attached to the plate 31 and completely covering the receiving face 33 of this plate.
  • the seal 35 has a raised washer shape, reminiscent of that of a container or cap, with a plurality of concentric annular portions.
  • annular portions there are thus, in this case, four annular portions, among which: an outer annular portion 36 generally conical, matching the reception face 33, an intermediate annular portion 37 which is also conical with a reduced apex angle with respect to the outer portion 36, a conical inner collar 38, of even smaller angle, which engages with the side of the bowl
  • the locking means furthermore comprise means stoppers arranged to form a stable and accurate seat for receiving the lens.
  • abutment means are presented here, as in the second example, in the form of three non-aligned projecting studs 40 forming a tripod. These three studs 40 are arranged equidistantly on a circle of the same axis as the block 30 situated in line with the intermediate annular portion 37 of the joint.
  • This intermediate portion then has three days for the passage of the three studs 40, which thus project from the seal 35 through its intermediate portion 37.
  • Each of the three studs 40 is conically shaped and has a top which, to avoid mark the lens, is blunt.
  • the vertices of the three studs 40 are inscribed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the handle 32 of the block 30.

Abstract

The support has a locking unit to receive and stop a face of an optical lens (200), and a tray. The locking unit has an annular joint (9), and a central cavity (8) that is impelled by reinforcing a reception side of the tray. The joint projects from the reception side of the tray. An annular flange (10) rotates around a central axis and is constituted of a circular ridge bordering the central cavity.

Description

« Support de blocage pneumatique d'une lentille optique » "Pneumatic locking bracket of an optical lens"
Domaine technique auquel se rapporte l'invention La présente invention se rapporte de manière générale à la fabrication de lentilles optiques telles que des lentilles ophtalmiques et/ou solaires de lunettes, des lentilles d'objectif, etc. Elle a trait en particulier au blocage d'une telle lentille pendant son surfaçage ou son contrôle et concerne à cet effet un support de blocage pneumatique qui est destiné à être fixé sur le nez d'une ou plusieurs machines-outils ou appareils de mesure ou de contrôle et qui sert à assurer le blocage sur ces machines ou appareils de la lentille ou d'une ébauche semi-finie de cette lentille. Arrière-plan technologique Le processus de fabrication des lentilles optiques, et singulièrement des lentilles ophtalmiques correctrices, nécessite un soin et une précision particulièrement élevés. Il comporte généralement deux étapes principales. Dans un premier temps, une lentille semi-finie, appelée aussi ébauche galette ou préforme, est obtenue par moulage de la matière synthétique ou minérale qui a été choisie pour constituer le substrat de base de la lentille. Dans un second temps, la lentille semi-finie venue de moulage est surfacée sur l'une et/ou l'autre de ses deux faces principales optiquement utiles pour satisfaire au modèle géométrique et à la correction prescrits. Du fait des fortes exigences de précision et de rugosité auxquelles elle est soumise, cette opération de surfaçage est découpée en plusieurs sous-étapes associées à autant de postes de travail spécifiques, si bien qu'il s'avère nécessaire d'organiser la circulation de la lentille en cours de surfaçage d'un poste à l'autre. On distingue ainsi généralement, pour le surfaçage de chaque face de la lentille, un poste d'usinage assurant à la fois ébauche et finition avec deux outils distincts et un poste de polissage, précédé éventuellement d'un poste de doucissage. Entre ces postes ou à leur suite, d'autres postes de travail ou contrôle de la lentille sont susceptibles d'intervenir, par exemple des postes de gravure, de contrôle de forme ou de cosmétique, etc. L'un des problèmes les plus spécifiques rencontrés dans le cours de ce processus de surfaçage de la lentille, réside dans le montage de la lentille sur chaque poste avec un positionnement précis et maîtrisé. Cette opération intermédiaire récurrente de prise et reprise de pièce, communément appelée blocage de lentille, est particulièrement délicate et coûteuse et induit souvent des imprécisions de positionnement de nature à détériorer sensiblement la qualité optique de la lentille finie. En fait, ce blocage de lentille est soumis à deux contraintes cumulatives et antagonistes. Tout d'abord, la lentille, constituée de matière synthétique ou minérale transparente non encore vernie, est relativement fragile et doit être préservée de tout marquage ou fêlure, spécialement sur celle de ses deux faces qui est finie, pendant que son autre face est en cours de travail. Le risque de marquage est particulièrement prononcé avec les matières synthétiques. De plus, et surtout, la lentille doit être positionnée sur chaque poste concerné de manière très précise, avec une orientation spatiale connue et stable dans un référentiel déterminé du poste concerné. Cette contrainte de stabilité géométrique du blocage est particulièrement pointue et difficile à respecter s'agissant de la fabrication de lentilles à surfaces complexes telles que des lentilles progressives ou personnalisées n'admettant pas de symétrie de révolution. On comprend en effet que le surfaçage de telles lentilles s'accompagne de variations des efforts de coupes selon des gradients intenses et engendre de ce fait des déformations avec, partant, une relative instabilité géométrique du blocage de la lentille. On connaît plusieurs manières de « bloquer » une ébauche ou lentille semi-finie pour son montage et son entraînement en rotation sur les machines- outils ou appareils de mesure des différents postes de travail et en particulier de surfaçage. Traditionnellement, on utilise un support de blocage, parfois également appelé bloc de préhension ou mandrin, possédant d'une part des moyens de blocage pour accueillir et immobiliser la lentille par l'une de ses faces principales et d'autre part des moyens pour la fixation de ce support sur le nez des différentes machines-outils ou des appareil de mesure et de contrôle, de manière à assurer le blocage, avec le cas échéant entraînement en rotation, de la lentille sur la machine ou l'appareil. La difficulté principale réside dans la manière de bloquer la lentille sur ce support, en raison des contraintes mentionnées précédemment. La méthode la plus répandue en pratique à ce jour, en raison de sa précision géométrique, consiste à former et fixer par coulage, sur l'une des faces de la lentille, à partir d'un alliage fondu à basse température de fusion, un bloc métallique formant support de blocage et présentant les moyens de sa fixation sur le nez des machines-outils des différents postes intervenant. Cette méthode donne globalement satisfaction quant à sa précision et sa stabilité, mais présente plusieurs inconvénients d'ordre économique et environnemental qui rendent nécessaire la recherche de moyens de blocages alternatifs. Les alliages à bas point de fusion utilisés sont en effet d'un coût relativement élevé et doivent être considérés comme des polluants dangereux pour l'environnement, si bien qu'il est nécessaire, tant pour des raisons économiques que de contraintes environnementales croissantes, d'organiser leur recyclage minutieux. Mais même avec un recyclage efficace, des pertes d'alliage par évaporation lors de la fusion ne peuvent être évitées. De plus, en raison de la relative complexité de l'opération et de son coût, notamment eu égard aux aspects environnementaux précités, il est d'usage de maintenir la lentille bloquée sur un même support pour l'ensemble du processus, l'ensemble formé par la lentille et son support étant transféré de poste en poste. Or cet ensemble est relativement encombrant, si bien que sa manutention, son transport et son stockage engendrent des coûts de logistiques supplémentaires. Il existe en outre pour des raisons techniques un temps minimal avant mise en oeuvre de la lentille associée à son bloc de prise sur un poste d'usinage (environ 15 minutes), ainsi qu'un temps maximal au delà duquel l'usinage ne pourra plus être mis en oeuvre (environ 24 heures) ; ces temps induisent donc des contraintes sur les flux d'activité desdites lentilles. De plus, en cas de stockage ou d'attente prolongée entre deux opérations, il serait excessivement coûteux de disposer d'un encours de blocs de prise équivalent à celui de lentilles en attente. C'est ainsi qu'il s'avère parfois nécessaire, entre deux opérations, de libérer la lentille de son support initial pour la transférer, la stocker ou la transporter plus aisément. Lorsque le processus est repris, il faut associer à la lentille un nouveau bloc de prise, avec les difficultés pratiques qui en découlent non seulement en ce qui concerne le coulage de l'alliage à bas point de fusion et son recyclage, mais également pour ce qui est de la maîtrise géométrique d'une telle reprise de pièce, et les surcoûts associés. Pour éviter l'utilisation d'un alliage métallique fondu, il a été envisagé de coller, au moyen par exemple d'une cire, la lentille sur une face correspondante du support de blocage, approximativement de même courbure. Mais cette solution, comme d'ailleurs celle du bloc de métal fusible, pose des difficultés pratiques touchant au déblocage, c'est-à-dire au désassemblage de la lentille et du support, ainsi qu'au nettoyage de la lentille avec les répercutions environnementales qui en découlent. Surtout, la précision et la stabilité de la fixation de la lentille sur le support peuvent s'avérer insuffisants. La géométrie de la couche de colle ou cire interposée entre la lentille et le support revêt en effet un caractère aléatoire ou en tout cas difficile à maîtriser et peut subir des déformations, en compression et torsion, au cours des opérations de surfaçage sous l'effet des contraintes engendrées par l'outil de surfaçage. On a enfin proposé des systèmes de blocage de lentilles par dépression pneumatique. De tels systèmes mettent en œuvre un bloc de préhension ou mandrin pneumatique qui, pour former une sorte de ventouse à vide commandé, présente une cavité bordée par un joint annulaire contre lequel la préforme est mise en appui pour délimiter avec la cavité et le joint une chambre dans laquelle un vide relatif est créé. Le vide peut être créé soit dans un caisson renfermant, pour l'opération de blocage, le bloc de préhension et la lentille, soit sous l'effet d'une pompe à vide reliée à la cavité du bloc via une valve pneumatique. Cette solution de blocage pneumatique, également appelée blocage à vide, ne présente pas les mêmes inconvénients économiques et environnementaux que les solutions des blocs coulés ou collés précédemment évoquées. La mise en œuvre de cette solution est en effet particulièrement simple et rapide, aussi bien au blocage qu'au déblocage, et elle n'implique aucun consommable chimique. Pourtant, malgré ces avantages considérables, ce type de blocage est peu usité en pratique. On constate en effet un défaut de précision et de stabilité de la fixation de la lentille analogue à celui constaté avec les supports collés. La solution s'avère en particulier difficile à mettre en oeuvre pour des surfaces complexes (autres que sphériques ou toriques) vis-à-vis desquelles le joint, élastiquement compressible, n'assure pas un appui suffisamment précis et stable. On pourrait certes alors envisager d'augmenter la raideur de compressibilité du joint, mais au détriment de son coefficient de friction, ce qui résulterait en un affaiblissement du couple transmis d'entraînement en rotation de la lentille. Sauf à réduire la pression dans la chambre de dépression pour augmenter l'intensité de l'effet ventouse exercé par le support sur la lentille, ce qui risquerait de déformer cette dernière. On constate d'autre part une insuffisance du couple transmis engendrant des risques de glissement, notamment en rotation, de la lentille en cours de traitement. Or un tel glissement est de nature à fausser le positionnement final de la lentille devant les yeux du porteur, ce qui est particulièrement préjudiciable pour le confort visuel du porteur notamment dans le cas de lentilles ophtalmiques progressives. Le document US3794314 décrit un support de blocage pneumatique d'une lentille optique sur une machine ou appareil, possédant d'une part des moyens de blocage pour accueillir et immobiliser une face de la lentille optique et d'autre part des moyens pour sa fixation sur un organe correspondant de la machine ou appareil, lesdits moyens de blocage comprenant une cavité centrale et un joint ayant au moins une partie annulaire contre laquelle la lentille est mise en appui pour délimiter avec ladite cavité et ledit joint une chambre de dépression, les moyens de blocage comportant des moyens de butée agencés pour offrir à la lentille optique une assise rigide après déformation élastique du joint. Mais dans ce support, le joint est agencé pour se déformer en flexion et agit ainsi à la façon d'un joint à lèvre. Cet agencement ne résout pas tous les inconvénients précités. Il présente en effet trois inconvénients majeurs. Premièrement, il limite la surface de contact du joint avec la lentille qui vient en appui contre le seul bord libre (bord intérieur) du joint. Cette étroitesse de la surface de contact tend à réduire le couple maximum transmissible, si bien que le risque de glissement persiste. Deuxièmement, il ne facilite pas la recherche d'un compromis satisfaisant entre raideur et coefficient de friction, car le travail en flexion tend à imposer une raideur de flexion élevée, tandis que la recherche d'un coefficient de friction élevé tend au contraire à limiter la raideur de l'élastomère. Le couple transmis peut donc difficilement être augmenté par le choix d'un matériau approprié. Troisièmement, le travail en flexion génère une usure rapide de l'élastomère, surtout lorsque celui- ci possède une raideur élevée. Objet de l'invention Le but de la présente invention est d'apporter une amélioration à la solution du blocage pneumatique qui satisfasse aux exigences de précision, de stabilité et de transmission de couple requises. A cet effet, on propose selon l'invention un support de blocage pneumatique d'un élément optique sur une machine ou appareil, possédant d'une part des moyens de blocage pour accueillir et immobiliser une face de la lentille optique et d'autre part des moyens pour sa fixation sur un organe correspondant de la machine ou appareil, les moyens de blocage comprenant une cavité centrale et un joint ayant au moins une partie annulaire contre laquelle la lentille est mise en appui pour délimiter avec ladite cavité et ledit joint une chambre de dépression, lesdits moyens de blocage comportant des moyens de butée agencés pour offrir à la lentille optique une assise rigide après déformation élastique du joint, dans lequel, pour la mise en butée de la lentille, le joint se déforme en compression. La rigidité de l'assise de la lentille sur le support conférée par les moyens de butée, qui forment un siège pour la lentille, assure ainsi la stabilité et la précision du positionnement géométrique de la lentille sur son support. La géométrie du blocage de lentille n'est donc pas altérée par les efforts engendrés par les outils de surfaçage. De plus, le siège rigide offert par les moyens de butée permet un positionnement répétitif à géométrie constante, ou en tous cas déterminable, de la lentille en cas de déblocage/reblocage. Surtout, cet agencement permet de choisir convenablement la raideur du joint ainsi et d'obtenir une relativement large surface de contact du joint avec la lentille. Ces deux paramètres favorisent l'obtention d'un couple transmis élevé sans pour autant nécessiter un écrasement trop intense de la lentille contre les moyens de butée rigide du support. On évite ainsi tout marquage intempestif des lentilles bloquées (dont on sait qu'elles sont particulièrement fragile en surface, surtout lorsqu'il s'agit de lentilles en matière synthétique (cf. préambule de la description de la demande), sans pour autant mettre en oeuvre des moyens d'indexation mécanique. Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le joint immobilise en rotation la lentille optique exclusivement par friction de la face concernée dudit élément, à l'exclusion de tout moyen d'indexation mécanique. Grâce à l'existence des moyens de butée combinée au travail en compression du joint, on peut en effet choisir de réaliser le joint en une matière relativement souple, présentant un coefficient de friction élevé et permettant donc d'obtenir un couple transmis suffisant sans pour autant nécessiter un écrasement trop intense de la lentille contre le support. On évite ainsi tout marquage intempestif de la lentille ainsi que la mise en œuvre de moyens d'indexation mécanique. On peut alors avantageusement prévoir que, pour augmenter la surface de friction, le joint présente une forme aplatie, avec de préférence une largeur au moins trois fois supérieure à son épaisseur. En pratique, les moyens de butée peuvent par exemple être réalisés sous la forme d'un organe d'appui annulaire ou de trois organes d'appui ponctuel non alignés formant trépied. Description détaillée d'un exemple de réalisation D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit de trois modes de réalisation particuliers, proposés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. il sera fait référence aux dessins présentés en annexe, parmi lesquels : - la figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble en perspective éclatée d'un support de blocage pneumatique selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la figure 2 est une vue en perspective du support assemblé de la figure 1 ; - la figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale du support des figures 1 et 2 sur lequel repose une lentille avant son blocage par dépression ; - la figure 4 est une vue de détail de la zone IV de la figure 3 ; - la figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 3, après blocage par dépression de la lentille ; - la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un support de blocage pneumatique selon un second mode de réalisation conforme à l'invention, - la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'un support de blocage pneumatique selon un troisième mode de réalisation conforme à l'invention. En référence aux figures 1 à 5, on propose donc un premier mode de réalisation d'un support capable de réaliser le blocage, par action pneumatique, d'une lentille optique 200, en l'espèce une lentille ophtalmique de lunettes, sur une machine-outil ou un appareil de mesure (non représentés). Le support comporte un bloc 1 ayant une forme globalement de révolution autour d'un axe central 100. Ce bloc 1 se compose de deux parties principales : un plateau 2 d'accueil de la lentille 200 à bloquer et, ménagés en saillie de ce plateau, des moyens 3 pour la fixation du support sur le nez de la machine-outil ou de l'appareil de mesure. Les moyens de fixation 3 sont de type classique et sont bien connus en eux-mêmes de l'homme du métier ; il est donc inutile d'en détailler ici la constitution ni le mode d'action. Il suffit de mentionner que, comme illustré par les figures, ces moyens se présentent sous la forme d'un manche d'axe 100, comprenant deux tronçons, l'un cylindrique adjacent au plateau et noté 4, et l'autre conique noté 5. L'extrémité du tronçon conique 5 est pourvue, en bout, d'encoches d'indexation 6. Le support possède d'autre part des moyens de blocage ayant pour fonction d'accueillir et d'immobiliser la lentille 200 par sa face principale opposée à celle qui doit être surfacée. Ces moyens de blocage sont agencés sur une face supérieure 7 du plateau 3. Dans l'exemple illustré, il s'agit de bloquer la lentille 200 en vue du surfaçage de sa face convexe 201 et il faut donc saisir la lentille 200 par sa face concave 202. À cet effet, la face d'accueil 7 du plateau 2 est globalement convexe et présente en l'espèce une forme quasi conique. Les moyens de blocage comprennent tout d'abord une cavité centrale 8 et un joint annulaire 9. La cavité centrale 8 est ménagée en renfoncement de la face d'accueil 7 du plateau 2 pour y former une sorte de cratère. Le joint annulaire 9 est rapporté sur le plateau 3 et fait saillie de la face d'accueil 7 de ce plateau. Le joint 9 présente une forme de couronne aplatie, avec une dimension radiale, c'est-à-dire une largeur notée Ig sur la figure 4, au moins trois fois supérieure à son épaisseur eg. Dans l'exemple illustré, on a retenu les valeurs suivantes : Ig = 10 mm (avec un diamètre extérieur de 63 mm et un diamètre intérieur de 43 mm) et eg = 1 ,2 mm. Les moyens de blocage comportent de plus des moyens de butée agencés pour former un siège stable et précis d'accueil de la lentille 200, comme cela sera mieux expliqué ultérieurement. Plus précisément, dans le premier exemple illustré par les figures 1 à 5, ces moyens de butée se présentent sous la forme d'un bourrelet annulaire 10 de révolution autour de l'axe 100. Ce bourrelet annulaire est constitué par une crête circulaire d'axe 100 bordant la cavité centrale 8 et formée au sommet de son flanc. Il est préférable, pour ne pas marquer la face 202 de la lentille 200, que cette crête ou bourrelet ne présente pas d'arrêté vive, mais présente au contraire une continuité de surface au second ordre. A l'extérieur de ce bourrelet de butée, la face d'accueil 7 présente un décrochement 12 autour duquel s'engage le bord intérieur du joint 9 et qui forme ainsi un logement de calage du joint 9 sur l'axe 100. Comme cela est mieux visible sur la figure 4, le décrochement 12 présente une profondeur eι2 nettement inférieure à l'épaisseur e9 du joint 9, si bien que le joint 9 fait nettement saillie de la face d'accueil 7. Dans l'exemple illustré, on a retenu les valeurs suivantes : eι2 = 0,5 mm et e9 = 1 ,2 mm. Le joint 9 déborde donc de la face d'accueil 7 de 0,7 mm. Le bloc 1 est réalisé en une seule pièce venue de moulage en un matériau rigide tel que du métal ou une matière plastique rigide. Seul le joint 9, par exemple en caoutchouc, est rapporté sur ce bloc. En service, comme illustré par la figure 3, la lentille 200 est tout d'abord posée en appui par sa face concave 202 contre le joint 9 pour délimiter avec la cavité 8 et le joint 9 une chambre de dépression 11. Un vide relatif est alors créé dans cette chambre 11 pour bloquer la lentille 200 par effet ventouse. Le vide peut être créé, de manière connue en soi, soit dans un caisson renfermant, pour l'opération de blocage, le support et la lentille, soit sous l'effet d'une pompe à vide reliée à la chambre 11 via une ouverture (non représentée) ménagée dans le bloc 1 et équipée d'une valve pneumatique (non représentée). L'intensité de la dépression doit résulter d'un compromis entre solidité du blocage et préservation de l'intégrité optique de la face concave 202 de la lentille. Aux essais, on a obtenu des résultats satisfaisants avec une dépression de l'ordre de - 0,9 bar. Sous l'effet de la dépression ainsi générée, on observe une compression élastique du joint 9, jusqu'à ce que la face concave 202 de la lentille 200 parvienne au contact du bourrelet 10. Ce dernier, formant butée et siège, offre alors à la lentille 200 une assise rigide, précise et stable, qui l'immobilise, c'est-à- dire le bloque, dans une position déterminée ou déterminable. On observera par ailleurs que le joint 9 immobilise en rotation la lentille optique 200 exclusivement par friction de sa face concave 202, à l'exclusion de tout moyen d'indexation mécanique. A la figure 6, on a représenté un second mode de réalisation de l'invention. Le support proposé ici comporte, comme celui précédemment décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 5, un bloc 20 globalement de révolution avec un plateau d'accueil 21 et un manche de fixation 22 agencés suivant un axe commun. Le manche 22 est identique au manche 3 du premier mode de réalisation. Le plateau d'accueil 21 est quant à lui pourvu, pour le blocage d'une lentille (non représentée) telle que la lentille 200 du premier exemple, de moyens de blocage ayant pour fonction d'accueillir et d'immobiliser la lentille par sa face opposée à celle qui doit être surfacée. Ces moyens de blocage sont agencés sur une face supérieure 23 du plateau 21. Toutefois, à la différence du premier mode de réalisation précédemment décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 5, il s'agit dans ce second mode d'exécution, de bloquer la lentille en vue du surfaçage de sa face concave et il faut donc saisir la lentille en question par sa face convexe. A cet effet, la face d'accueil 23 du plateau 21 est ici globalement plane ou concave. Les moyens de blocage comprennent une cavité centrale 24 ménagée en renfoncement de la face d'accueil 23 et un joint annulaire 25 rapporté sur le plateau 21 et faisant saillie de la face d'accueil 23 de ce plateau. Le joint 25 présente une forme de couronne aplatie, avec une largeur très supérieure à son épaisseur, et possède une collerette intérieure conique qui s'engage avec le flanc de la cuvette 24. Le joint 25 épouse la forme plane ou concave de la face d'accueil 23. Cette dernière ne présentant ici aucun décrochement, le joint 25 fait relief sur cette face de toute son épaisseur. Les moyens de blocage comportent de plus des moyens de butée agencés pour former un siège stable et précis d'accueil de la lentille. Ces moyens de butée se présentent ici sous la forme de trois plots en saillie non alignés 26 formant un trépied. Ces trois plots 26 sont ménagés à équidistance sur un cercle de même axe que le bloc 20 adjacent au bord extérieur du joint 25, lequel vient en appui de calage contre ces plots. Chacun des trois plots 26 est de forme conique et possède un sommet qui, pour ne pas marquer la lentille, est émoussé. Les sommets des trois plots 26 s'inscrivent dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du manche 22 du bloc 20. La figure 7 illustre un troisième exemple d'exécution d'un support conforme à l'invention. Le support proposé ici comporte, comme précédemment, un bloc 30 globalement de révolution avec un plateau d'accueil 31 et un manche de fixation 32 agencés suivant un axe commun. Le manche 32 est identique au manche 3 du premier mode de réalisation. Le plateau d'accueil 31 est quant à lui pourvu, pour le blocage d'une lentille (non représentée) telle que la lentille 200 du premier exemple, de moyens de blocage ayant pour fonction d'accueillir et d'immobiliser la lentille par sa face opposée à celle qui doit être surfacée. Ces moyens de blocage sont agencés sur une face supérieure 33 du plateau 31. Comme dans le second mode de réalisation, et à la différence du premier, il s'agit dans ce troisième mode d'exécution, de bloquer la lentille en vue du surfaçage de sa face concave et il faut donc saisir la lentille en question par sa face convexe. A cet effet, la face d'accueil 33 du plateau 31 est ici globalement concave. Les moyens de blocage comprennent une cavité centrale 34 ménagée en renfoncement de la face d'accueil 33 et un joint annulaire 35 rapporté sur le plateau 31 et recouvrant entièrement la face d'accueil 33 de ce plateau. Le joint 35 présente une forme de rondelle en relief, rappelant celle d'un récipient ou chapeau, avec une pluralités de portions annulaires concentriques. On distingue ainsi, en l'espèce, quatre portions annulaires, parmi lesquelles : une portion annulaire extérieure 36 globalement conique, épousant la face d'accueil 33, une portion annulaire intermédiaire 37 qui est également conique avec un angle au sommet réduit par rapport à la portion extérieure 36, une collerette intérieure conique 38, d'angle encore plus restreint, qui s'engage avec le flanc de la cuvetteTECHNICAL FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES The present invention relates generally to the manufacture of optical lenses such as ophthalmic and / or sunglass lenses, objective lenses, and the like. It relates in particular to the blocking of such a lens during its surfacing or control and for this purpose relates to a pneumatic locking support which is intended to be fixed on the nose of one or more machine tools or measuring devices or control and which serves to ensure the locking on these machines or devices of the lens or a semi-finished blank of this lens. BACKGROUND ART The process of manufacturing optical lenses, and particularly corrective ophthalmic lenses, requires particularly high care and precision. It usually has two main steps. In a first step, a semi-finished lens, also known as a preform or preform, is obtained by molding the synthetic or inorganic material that has been chosen to constitute the base substrate of the lens. In a second step, the molded semi-finished lens is surfaced on one and / or the other of its two main faces optically useful to satisfy the prescribed geometric model and correction. Due to the high precision and roughness requirements to which it is subjected, this surfacing operation is divided into several sub-steps associated with as many specific workstations, so that it is necessary to organize the circulation of the lens being surfaced from one station to another. Thus, generally, for surfacing each face of the lens, there is a machining station providing both roughing and finishing with two separate tools and a polishing station, possibly preceded by a smoothing station. Between these stations or after them, other workstations or control of the lens are likely to intervene, for example engraving stations, shape control or cosmetics, etc. One of the most specific problems encountered in the course of this process of surfacing the lens lies in the mounting of the lens on each station with a precise and controlled positioning. This operation Recurrent intermediate gripping and recovery part, commonly called lens lock, is particularly delicate and expensive and often induces positioning inaccuracies likely to significantly deteriorate the optical quality of the finished lens. In fact, this lens lock is subject to two cumulative and antagonistic constraints. Firstly, the lens, made of transparent synthetic or mineral material not yet varnished, is relatively fragile and must be preserved from any marking or cracking, especially on that of its two faces which is finished, while its other face is in course of work. The risk of marking is particularly pronounced with synthetic materials. In addition, and above all, the lens must be positioned on each station concerned very precisely, with a known and stable spatial orientation in a specific reference system of the station concerned. This constraint of geometric stability of the blocking is particularly sharp and difficult to respect with regard to the manufacture of lenses with complex surfaces such as progressive or customized lenses that do not admit symmetry of revolution. It will be understood that the surfacing of such lenses is accompanied by variations in the cutting forces according to intense gradients and thereby causes deformations with, consequently, a relative geometrical instability of the locking of the lens. There are several ways of "blocking" a blank or semi-finished lens for mounting and rotating it on machine tools or measuring devices of different workstations and in particular surfacing. Traditionally, a blocking support is used, sometimes also called gripping block or mandrel, having on the one hand locking means for receiving and immobilizing the lens by one of its main faces and secondly means for the fixing this support on the nose of the various machine tools or measuring and control devices, so as to ensure the locking, with the possible rotational drive, of the lens on the machine or apparatus. The main difficulty lies in how to block the lens on this support, because of the constraints mentioned above. The most common method in practice today, because of its geometric precision, is to form and fix by casting, on one of the faces of the lens, from a molten alloy at low melting temperature, a metal block forming a blocking support and having the means for its attachment to the nose of the machine tools of the various stations involved. This method gives overall satisfaction as to its accuracy and stability, but has several economic and environmental disadvantages that make it necessary to search for alternative blocking means. The low-melting alloys used are relatively expensive and should be considered as pollutants dangerous to the environment, so that it is necessary, both for economic reasons and because of increasing environmental constraints. organize their careful recycling. But even with efficient recycling, losses of alloy by evaporation during melting can not be avoided. In addition, because of the relative complexity of the operation and its cost, especially with regard to the environmental aspects mentioned above, it is customary to keep the lens blocked on the same support for the entire process, the whole formed by the lens and its support being transferred from station to station. But this set is relatively bulky, so its handling, transport and storage generate additional logistics costs. In addition, for technical reasons, there is a minimal time before use of the lens associated with its socket block on a machining station (approximately 15 minutes), as well as a maximum time beyond which machining will not be possible. no longer be implemented (approximately 24 hours); these times therefore induce constraints on the activity flux of said lenses. In addition, in case of storage or prolonged waiting between two operations, it would be excessively expensive to have a stock of blocks of intake equivalent to that of lentils pending. Thus it is sometimes necessary, between two operations, to release the lens from its initial support to transfer, store or transport more easily. When the process is resumed, it is necessary to associate with the lens a new block of setting, with the practical difficulties which result from it not only with regard to the casting of the alloy with low melting point and its recycling, but also for this purpose. which is the geometric mastery of such a piece recovery, and the associated extra costs. To avoid the use of a molten metal alloy, it has been envisaged to bond, for example by means of a wax, the lens to a corresponding face of the blocking support, approximately the same curvature. But this solution, as also that of the fuse metal block, poses practical difficulties in terms of unlocking, that is to say the disassembly of the lens and the support, as well as the cleaning of the lens with the repercussions resulting from it. Above all, the accuracy and stability of the fixation of the lens on the support may be insufficient. The geometry of the layer of glue or wax interposed between the lens and the support is indeed of a random nature or in any case difficult to control and may undergo deformations, in compression and torsion, during surfacing operations under the effect constraints generated by the surfacing tool. Finally, it has been proposed locking systems lenses by pneumatic depression. Such systems implement a gripping block or pneumatic mandrel which, to form a kind of controlled vacuum suction cup, has a cavity bordered by an annular seal against which the preform is placed in abutment to define with the cavity and the seal a room in which a relative vacuum is created. The vacuum can be created either in a box containing, for the locking operation, the gripping block and the lens, or under the effect of a vacuum pump connected to the cavity of the block via a pneumatic valve. This pneumatic blocking solution, also called vacuum blocking, does not have the same economic and environmental disadvantages as the solutions of cast or glued blocks previously mentioned. The implementation of this solution is indeed particularly simple and fast, both blocking and unlocking, and it does not involve any chemical consumables. However, despite these considerable advantages, this type of blocking is little used in practice. There is indeed a lack of accuracy and stability of the fixation of the lens similar to that found with the glued supports. The solution proves particularly difficult to implement for complex surfaces (other than spherical or toric) vis-à-vis which the seal, elastically compressible, does not provide sufficiently precise and stable support. One could certainly then consider increasing the compressibility stiffness of the seal, but at the expense of its coefficient of friction, which would result in a weakening of the transmitted torque driving rotation of the lens. Except to reduce the pressure in the vacuum chamber to increase the intensity of the suction effect exerted by the support on the lens, which could distort the latter. On the other hand, there is an insufficiency of the transmitted torque generating risks of sliding, in particular in rotation, of the lens during treatment. However, such sliding is likely to distort the final positioning of the lens in front of the eyes of the wearer, which is particularly detrimental to the visual comfort of the wearer especially in the case of progressive ophthalmic lenses. US3794314 discloses a pneumatic blocking support of an optical lens on a machine or apparatus, having on the one hand locking means for receiving and immobilizing a face of the optical lens and secondly means for fixing it on a corresponding member of the machine or apparatus, said locking means comprising a central cavity and a seal having at least one annular portion against which the lens is supported to define with said cavity and said seal a vacuum chamber, the means for blocking comprising stop means arranged to provide the optical lens a rigid seat after elastic deformation of the seal. But in this support, the seal is arranged to deform in flexion and thus acts in the manner of a lip seal. This arrangement does not solve all the aforementioned drawbacks. It has three major drawbacks. First, it limits the contact area of the seal with the lens that abuts against the only free edge (inner edge) of the seal. This narrowness of the contact surface tends to reduce the maximum transmittable torque, so that the risk of slipping persists. Second, it does not facilitate the search for a satisfactory compromise between stiffness and coefficient of friction, because the work in bending tends to impose a high bending stiffness, while the search for a high coefficient of friction tends instead to limit the stiffness of the elastomer. The transmitted torque can therefore hardly be increased by the choice of a suitable material. Third, the bending work generates rapid wear of the elastomer, especially when it has a high stiffness. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an improvement to the solution of the pneumatic blocking which satisfies the requirements of precision, stability and torque transmission required. For this purpose, it is proposed according to the invention a pneumatic blocking support of an optical element on a machine or apparatus, having on the one hand locking means for receiving and immobilizing a face of the optical lens and secondly means for fixing it on a corresponding member of the machine or apparatus, the locking means comprising a central cavity and a seal having at least one annular part against which the lens is placed in abutment to define with said cavity and said seal a chamber depression, said locking means comprising stop means arranged to provide the optical lens a rigid seat after elastic deformation of the seal, wherein, for the abutment of the lens, the seal is deformed in compression. The rigidity of the seat of the lens on the support provided by the abutment means, which form a seat for the lens, thus ensures the stability and accuracy of the geometric positioning of the lens on its support. The geometry of the lens lock is therefore not affected by the forces generated by the surfacing tools. In addition, the rigid seat provided by the abutment means allows a repetitive positioning of constant geometry, or in any case determinable, of the lens in case of unlocking / re-locking. Above all, this arrangement makes it possible to choose the stiffness of the seal as well and to obtain a relatively large contact area of the seal with the lens. These two parameters make it possible to obtain a high transmitted torque without necessitating too much crushing of the lens against the rigid abutment means of the support. This avoids any inadvertent marking of the blocked lenses (which are known to be particularly fragile on the surface, especially when it comes to synthetic lenses (see preamble of the description of the application), without necessarily Mechanical indexing means According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the seal immobilizes in rotation the optical lens exclusively by friction of the relevant face of said element, to the exclusion of any mechanical indexing means. the existence of the abutment means combined with the work in compression of the seal, it is indeed possible to choose to make the seal in a relatively flexible material, having a high coefficient of friction and thus allowing to obtain a sufficient transmitted torque without requiring too much crushing of the lens against the support, thus avoiding any inadvertent marking of the lens as well as the implementation of mechanical indexing means. It can then be advantageously provided that, to increase the friction surface, the seal has a flattened shape, preferably with a width at least three times greater than its thickness. In practice, the abutment means may for example be made in the form of an annular support member or three non-aligned point support members forming a tripod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of three particular embodiments, proposed by way of non-limiting examples. reference will be made to the drawings presented in the appendix, among which: FIG. 1 is an exploded overall view of a pneumatic locking support according to a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the assembled support of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of the support of FIGS. 1 and 2 on which a lens rests before its depression locking; FIG. 4 is a detailed view of zone IV of FIG. 3; - Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3, after locking by depression of the lens; FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a pneumatic blocking support according to a second embodiment according to the invention, FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a pneumatic blocking support according to a third embodiment. according to the invention. With reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, a first embodiment of a support capable of blocking, by pneumatic action, an optical lens 200, in this case an ophthalmic spectacle lens, on a machine, is proposed. tool or measuring device (not shown). The support comprises a block 1 having a generally rotational shape about a central axis 100. This block 1 consists of two main parts: a tray 2 for receiving the lens 200 to be blocked and arranged projecting from this plate means 3 for fixing the support on the nose of the machine tool or the measuring apparatus. The fixing means 3 are of conventional type and are well known in themselves to those skilled in the art; It is therefore useless to detail here the constitution or the mode of action. It suffices to mention that, as illustrated by the figures, these means are in the form of a shaft 100, comprising two sections, one cylindrical adjacent to the plateau and noted 4, and the other conical noted 5 The end of the conical section 5 is provided at the end with indexing notches 6. The support also has locking means whose function is to receive and immobilize the lens 200 by its main face. opposite to the one to be surfaced. These locking means are arranged on an upper face 7 of the plate 3. In the example illustrated, it is a question of blocking the lens 200 for the purpose of surfacing its convex face 201 and it is therefore necessary to grip the lens 200 by its face Concave 202. For this purpose, the reception face 7 of the plate 2 is generally convex and in this case presents a quasi-conical shape. The locking means comprise firstly a central cavity 8 and an annular seal 9. The central cavity 8 is formed in recess of the receiving face 7 of the plate 2 to form a kind of crater. The annular seal 9 is attached to the plate 3 and projects from the reception face 7 of this plate. The seal 9 has a flattened crown shape, with a radial dimension, that is to say a width denoted Ig in Figure 4, at least three times greater than its thickness eg. In the example illustrated, the following values were used: Ig = 10 mm (with an outside diameter of 63 mm and an inside diameter of 43 mm) and eg = 1.2 mm. The locking means further comprise stop means arranged to form a stable seat and accurate reception of the lens 200, as will be better explained later. More precisely, in the first example illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, these abutment means are in the form of an annular bead 10 of revolution about the axis 100. This annular bead is constituted by a circular ridge of 100 axis bordering the central cavity 8 and formed at the top of its side. It is preferable, in order not to mark the face 202 of the lens 200, that this ridge or bead does not present a sharp stop, but on the contrary has a surface continuity of the second order. On the outside of this abutment bead, the receiving face 7 has a recess 12 around which the inner edge of the seal 9 engages and which forms thus, a seat for setting the seal 9 on the axis 100. As can be seen more clearly in FIG. 4, the recess 12 has a depth e.sub.i 2 which is substantially smaller than the thickness e 9 of the seal 9, so that the seal 9 is clearly projecting from the reception face 7. In the illustrated example, the following values have been retained: eι 2 = 0.5 mm and e 9 = 1, 2 mm. The seal 9 therefore protrudes from the reception face 7 by 0.7 mm. Block 1 is made in one piece integrally molded from a rigid material such as metal or a rigid plastic material. Only the seal 9, for example rubber, is attached to this block. In use, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the lens 200 is first resting on its concave face 202 against the seal 9 to delimit with the cavity 8 and the seal 9 a vacuum chamber 11. A relative vacuum is then created in this chamber 11 to block the lens 200 by suction effect. The vacuum can be created, in a manner known per se, either in a box containing, for the blocking operation, the support and the lens, or under the effect of a vacuum pump connected to the chamber 11 via an opening (not shown) provided in the block 1 and equipped with a pneumatic valve (not shown). The intensity of the depression must result from a compromise between blocking strength and preservation of the optical integrity of the concave face 202 of the lens. In the tests, satisfactory results were obtained with a depression of the order of -0.9 bar. Under the effect of the depression thus generated, elastic compression of the seal 9 is observed, until the concave face 202 of the lens 200 comes into contact with the bead 10. The latter, forming a stop and seat, then offers the lens 200 a rigid seat, precise and stable, which immobilizes it, that is to say the block, in a determined or determinable position. It will further be observed that the seal 9 immobilizes in rotation the optical lens 200 exclusively by friction of its concave face 202, to the exclusion of any mechanical indexing means. In Figure 6, there is shown a second embodiment of the invention. The support proposed here comprises, as previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, a block 20 generally of revolution with a receiving plate 21 and an attachment sleeve 22 arranged along a common axis. The handle 22 is identical to the handle 3 of the first embodiment. The receiving tray 21 is provided, for the locking of a lens (not shown) such as the lens 200 of the first example, locking means having the function of receiving and immobilizing the lens by its face opposite to that to be surfaced. These locking means are arranged on an upper face 23 of the plate 21. However, unlike the first embodiment previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, it is a question in this second embodiment of blocking the lens for surfacing of its concave face and it is necessary to seize the lens in question by its convex face. For this purpose, the reception face 23 of the plate 21 is here generally flat or concave. The locking means comprise a central cavity 24 formed in recess of the reception face 23 and an annular seal 25 attached to the plate 21 and projecting from the reception face 23 of this plate. The seal 25 has a flattened crown shape, with a width much greater than its thickness, and has a conical inner flange which engages with the flank of the bowl 24. The seal 25 matches the flat or concave shape of the face d 23. The latter does not present here any recess, the seal 25 is raised on this face of all its thickness. The locking means further comprise stop means arranged to form a stable seat and accurate reception of the lens. These abutment means are here in the form of three non-aligned projecting studs 26 forming a tripod. These three studs 26 are arranged equidistantly on a circle of the same axis as the block 20 adjacent to the outer edge of the seal 25, which comes into wedging against these pads. Each of the three studs 26 is conically shaped and has a vertex which, in order not to mark the lens, is blunted. The vertices of the three studs 26 are inscribed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the handle 22 of the block 20. FIG. 7 illustrates a third embodiment of a support according to the invention. The support proposed here comprises, as before, a block 30 generally of revolution with a receiving plate 31 and a fixing sleeve 32 arranged along a common axis. The handle 32 is identical to the handle 3 of the first embodiment. The receiving plate 31 is provided, for the locking of a lens (not shown) such as the lens 200 of the first example, locking means having the function of receiving and immobilizing the lens by its face opposite to the one to be surfaced. These locking means are arranged on an upper face 33 of the plate 31. As in the second embodiment, and unlike the first, it is a question in this third embodiment of blocking the lens for the purpose of surfacing. of its concave face and it is necessary to seize the lens in question by its convex face. For this purpose, the receiving face 33 of the plate 31 is here generally concave. The locking means comprise a central cavity 34 formed in recess of the receiving face 33 and an annular seal 35 attached to the plate 31 and completely covering the receiving face 33 of this plate. The seal 35 has a raised washer shape, reminiscent of that of a container or cap, with a plurality of concentric annular portions. There are thus, in this case, four annular portions, among which: an outer annular portion 36 generally conical, matching the reception face 33, an intermediate annular portion 37 which is also conical with a reduced apex angle with respect to the outer portion 36, a conical inner collar 38, of even smaller angle, which engages with the side of the bowl
34, et une pastille centrale 34 en appui contre le fond de la cuvette 34. Le fond et le flanc de la cuvette 34 sont ainsi entièrement recouverts par le joint 35. Comme dans les exemples précédents, les moyens de blocage comportent de plus des moyens de butée agencés pour former un siège stable et précis d'accueil de la lentille. Ces moyens de butée se présentent ici, comme dans le second exemple, sous la forme de trois plots en saillie non alignés 40 formant un trépied. Ces trois plots 40 sont ménagés à équidistance sur un cercle de même axe que le bloc 30 situé au droit de la portion annulaire intermédiaire 37 du joint34, and a central pellet 34 bearing against the bottom of the bowl 34. The bottom and the side of the bowl 34 are thus completely covered by the seal 35. As in the previous examples, the locking means furthermore comprise means stoppers arranged to form a stable and accurate seat for receiving the lens. These abutment means are presented here, as in the second example, in the form of three non-aligned projecting studs 40 forming a tripod. These three studs 40 are arranged equidistantly on a circle of the same axis as the block 30 situated in line with the intermediate annular portion 37 of the joint.
35. Cette portion intermédiaire présente alors trois jours pour le passage des trois plots 40, lesquels font ainsi saillie du joint 35 au travers de sa portion intermédiaire 37. Chacun des trois plots 40 est de forme conique et possède un sommet qui, pour éviter de marquer la lentille, est émoussé. Les sommets des trois plots 40 s'inscrivent dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du manche 32 du bloc 30. 35. This intermediate portion then has three days for the passage of the three studs 40, which thus project from the seal 35 through its intermediate portion 37. Each of the three studs 40 is conically shaped and has a top which, to avoid mark the lens, is blunt. The vertices of the three studs 40 are inscribed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the handle 32 of the block 30.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Support de blocage pneumatique d'une lentille optique (200) sur une machine ou appareil, possédant d'une part des moyens de blocage pour accueillir et immobiliser une face (202 ; 201 ) de la lentille optique et d'autre part des moyens (3 ; 22 ; 32) pour sa fixation sur un organe correspondant de la machine ou appareil, lesdits moyens de blocage comprenant une cavité centrale (8 ; 24 ; 34) et un joint (9 ; 25 ; 35) ayant au moins une partie annulaire (9 ; 25 ; 36) contre laquelle la lentille est mise en appui pour délimiter avec ladite cavité et ledit joint une chambre de dépression (11 ), les moyens de blocage comportant des moyens de butée (10 ; 26 ; 40) agencés pour offrir à la lentille optique une assise rigide après déformation élastique du joint, caractérisé en ce que, pour la mise en butée de la lentille, le joint se déforme en compression. 1. Support for pneumatic locking of an optical lens (200) on a machine or apparatus, having on the one hand locking means for receiving and immobilizing a face (202; 201) of the optical lens and on the other hand means (3; 22; 32) for attachment to a corresponding member of the machine or apparatus, said locking means comprising a central cavity (8; 24; 34) and a seal (9; 25; 35) having at least one annular portion (9; 25; 36) against which the lens is supported to delimit with said cavity and said seal a vacuum chamber (11), the locking means comprising stop means (10; 26; 40) arranged to offer the optical lens a rigid seat after elastic deformation of the seal, characterized in that, for the abutment of the lens, the seal is deformed in compression.
2. Support de blocage selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le joint (9 ; 25 ; 35) immobilise en rotation la lentille optique exclusivement par friction de la face concernée de ladite lentille, à l'exclusion de tout moyen d'indexation mécanique. 2. Locking support according to the preceding claim, wherein the seal (9; 25; 35) immobilizes in rotation the optical lens exclusively by friction of the relevant face of said lens, excluding any mechanical indexing means.
3. Support de blocage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite partie annulaire (9 ; 25 ; 36) du joint présente une forme aplatie, avec une largeur au moins trois fois supérieure à son épaisseur. 3. blocking support according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said annular portion (9; 25; 36) of the seal has a flattened shape, with a width at least three times greater than its thickness.
4. Support de blocage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens de butée comportent un organe d'appui annulaire (10). 4. Locking support according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the abutment means comprise an annular support member (10).
5. Support de blocage selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le joint (9) présente une forme de couronne et l'organe d'appui annulaire est constitué par une crête circulaire (10) bordant la cavité centrale (8) et à l'extérieur de laquelle est ménagé un décrochement (12) autour duquel s'engage le bord intérieur du joint (9), ledit décrochement présentant une profondeur (eι2) sensiblement inférieure à l'épaisseur (eg) dudit joint. 5. Locking support according to the preceding claim, wherein the seal (9) has a crown shape and the annular support member is constituted by a circular ridge (10) bordering the central cavity (8) and at the outside which is formed a recess (12) around which engages the inner edge of the seal (9), said recess having a depth (eι 2 ) substantially less than the thickness (eg) of said seal.
6. Support de blocage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel les moyens de butée comportent trois organes d'appui ponctuel (26 ; 40) non alignés formant trépied. 6. Locking support according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the abutment means comprise three non-aligned point support members (26; 40) forming a tripod.
7. Support de blocage selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le joint (25) présente un bord extérieur ou un bord intérieur qui se cale à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur des plots. 7. Locking support according to claim 6, wherein the seal (25) has an outer edge or an inner edge which is wedged inside or outside the pads.
8. Support de blocage selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les trois plots traversent des jours correspondants du joint pour caler celui-ci. 8. blocking support according to claim 6, wherein the three pads pass through corresponding days of the seal to wedge it.
9. Support de blocage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, à l'exclusion du joint (9 ; 25 ; 35) qui est rapporté et elastiquement compressible, l'ensemble du support, avec en particulier les moyens de butée (10 ; 26 ; 40), est réalisé en une seule pièce monobloc (1) rigide. 9. blocking support according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, excluding the seal (9; 25; 35) which is reported and elastically compressible, the entire support, with in particular the abutment means ( 10; 26; 40), is made of a single integral piece (1) rigid.
EP04805382A 2003-12-10 2004-11-04 Pneumatic blocking support for an optical lens Active EP1699592B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04805382T PL1699592T3 (en) 2003-12-10 2004-11-04 Pneumatic blocking support for an optical lens

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0314468A FR2863520B1 (en) 2003-12-10 2003-12-10 PNEUMATIC LOCKING MEDIUM OF AN OPTICAL LENS
PCT/FR2004/002831 WO2005065886A1 (en) 2003-12-10 2004-11-04 Pneumatic blocking support for an optical lens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1699592A1 true EP1699592A1 (en) 2006-09-13
EP1699592B1 EP1699592B1 (en) 2007-12-12

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EP04805382A Active EP1699592B1 (en) 2003-12-10 2004-11-04 Pneumatic blocking support for an optical lens

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US (1) US7500908B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1699592B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2007513785A (en)
AT (1) ATE380627T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004311654A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2550120C (en)
DE (1) DE602004010718T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2298854T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2863520B1 (en)
PL (1) PL1699592T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1699592E (en)
WO (1) WO2005065886A1 (en)

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CN102725103B (en) * 2009-12-24 2016-08-10 依视路国际集团（光学总公司） A kind of method for installing polished optical lens
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2863520A1 (en) 2005-06-17
CA2550120A1 (en) 2005-07-21
ATE380627T1 (en) 2007-12-15
US20070105490A1 (en) 2007-05-10
DE602004010718D1 (en) 2008-01-24
WO2005065886A8 (en) 2005-09-15
US7500908B2 (en) 2009-03-10
DE602004010718T2 (en) 2008-12-04
PL1699592T3 (en) 2008-05-30
WO2005065886A1 (en) 2005-07-21
ES2298854T3 (en) 2008-05-16
EP1699592B1 (en) 2007-12-12
FR2863520B1 (en) 2007-02-16
CA2550120C (en) 2010-02-09
AU2004311654A1 (en) 2005-07-21
PT1699592E (en) 2008-03-19
JP2007513785A (en) 2007-05-31

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