EP1699383A1 - Commande de la degradation d'implants biodegradables au moyen d'un revetement - Google Patents

Commande de la degradation d'implants biodegradables au moyen d'un revetement

Info

Publication number
EP1699383A1
EP1699383A1 EP04765010A EP04765010A EP1699383A1 EP 1699383 A1 EP1699383 A1 EP 1699383A1 EP 04765010 A EP04765010 A EP 04765010A EP 04765010 A EP04765010 A EP 04765010A EP 1699383 A1 EP1699383 A1 EP 1699383A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
degradation
coating
location
implant
degradation characteristic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04765010A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marc Kuttler
Claus Harder
Carsten Momma
Heinz Müller
Daniel Lootz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biotronik VI Patent AG
Original Assignee
Biotronik VI Patent AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biotronik VI Patent AG filed Critical Biotronik VI Patent AG
Publication of EP1699383A1 publication Critical patent/EP1699383A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
    • A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/148—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an at least largely biodegradable endovascular implant whose in vivo degradation can be controlled.
  • biodegradable implants A wide variety of materials are available to the medical technician for realizing such biodegradable implants.
  • metallic materials In addition to numerous polymers, which are often based on natural origin for better biocompatibility or at least based on natural compounds, metallic materials, with their mechanical properties which are significantly more favorable for the implants, have recently been favored. In this context, particular attention is paid to materials containing magnesium, iron and tungsten.
  • One of the problems to be solved in the practical implementation of biodegradable implants is the degradation characteristic of the implant in vivo. On the one hand, this is to ensure that the functionality of the implant is maintained at least for the period of time necessary for the therapeutic purposes.
  • the degrada- tion should run as evenly as possible over the entire implant, so that fragments are not released in an uncontrolled manner, which can be the starting point for undesired complications.
  • Known biodegradable stents do not show a locally coordinated degradation characteristic.
  • the task is to provide a biodegradable implant whose degradation can be optimized depending on the location.
  • a tubular basic body made of at least one biodegradable material on its end faces, the basic body having a location-dependent first degradation characteristic D- ⁇ (x) in vivo, and a coating of at least one biodegradable material that completely or possibly only partially covers the base body, the coating having a location-dependent second degradation characteristic D 2 (x) in vivo, and
  • a location-dependent cumulative degradation characteristic D (x) results from the sum of the degradation characteristics D- ⁇ (x) and D 2 (x) existing at the location (x) in each case and the location-dependent accumulation the degradation characteristic D (x) is predetermined by varying the second degradation characteristic D 2 (x) in such a way that the degradation takes place at the specified location (x) of the implant in a predeterminable time interval with a predeterminable degradation curve,
  • the degradation characteristic of the entire stent can be locally optimized in the desired manner.
  • the invention accordingly includes the idea that the degradation of the base body of the implant is adapted by a suitable coating - in extreme cases, however, also by omitting the coating - so that the degradation characteristic existing at one location degrades the implant in a predefinable time interval and with a predeterminable course of degradation enables.
  • Biodegradation means hydrolytic, enzymatic and other metabolic degradation processes in the living organism, which lead to a gradual dissolution of at least large parts of the implant.
  • biocorrosion is often used synonymously.
  • bioresorption also includes the subsequent absorption of the degradation products.
  • Materials suitable for the base body can be, for example, polymeric or metallic in nature.
  • the base body can also consist of several materials. A common feature of these materials is their biodegradability.
  • polysaccharides PSAC
  • PHA polylactide
  • PLA poly-L-lactide
  • PGA polyglycol
  • PLLA / PGA polyhydroxybutyric acid
  • PHT polyethylene terephthalate
  • PML polymalonic acid
  • polyanhydrides polyphosphazenes, polyamino acids and their copolymers and hyaluronic acid.
  • the polymers can be in pure form, in derivatized form, in the form of blends or as copolymers.
  • Metallic biodegradable materials are based on alloys of magnesium, iron or tungsten.
  • the biodegradable magnesium alloys in particular show extremely favorable degradation behavior, are easy to process and show little or no toxicity, but rather seem to stimulate the healing process positively.
  • the basic body of a stent is generally composed of a large number of support elements arranged in a specific pattern.
  • the support elements are loaded with different mechanical forces.
  • this can mean, among other things, that the areas of the support elements which are under stress or which are at least temporarily exposed to high mechanical loads are broken down more quickly than areas which are less loaded.
  • the present invention allows to counteract this phenomenon.
  • the coating can also be formed from the aforementioned biodegradable materials.
  • several different materials can also be used in one implant, for example at different locations or as multi-layer systems at a specific location of the implant.
  • “Location-dependent degradation characteristic” in the sense of the invention means the time course (degradation course) and the time interval in which this degradation takes place.
  • the first point of reference for the time interval is the time of the implantation itself. Of course, other times can also be used.
  • An end of the time interval is understood in the sense of the invention as the point in time at which at least 80% by weight of the biodegradable implant mass has been broken down or the mechanical integrity of the implant no longer exists, i.e. the implant can no longer perform its supporting function.
  • the degradation curve indicates the speed at which the degradation takes place at specific times in the time interval.
  • the degradation of the implant is greatly delayed in the first two weeks after the implantation by means of a suitable coating and only progresses rapidly after the coating has been removed due to the faster degradation of the base body.
  • the degradation characteristics of the base body and the coating can be estimated in advance using in vitro tests.
  • the degradation characteristic of the coating is preferably determined by - varying its morphological structure, - material modification of the material and / or
  • the location-dependent degradation characteristics of the implant can be influenced by adjusting the layer thickness of the coating.
  • the focus is on controlling the degradation at a specific location in terms of time and scope.
  • “Morphological structures” in the sense of the invention mean the conformation and aggregation of the compounds forming the coating, in particular polymers. This includes the type of molecular order structure, the porosity, the surface quality and other intrinsic properties of the carrier, which influence a degradation behavior of the biodegradable material on which the coating is based.
  • Molecular order structures include amorphous, (partially) crystalline or mesomorphic polymer phases, which can be influenced or generated depending on the manufacturing process, coating process and environmental conditions used. The porosity and surface quality of the coating can be influenced by targeted variation of the manufacturing and coating process. In general, the degradation takes place more quickly with increasing porosity of the coating. Amorphous structures show similar effects to (partially) crystalline structures.
  • 'Material modification' in the sense of the invention includes both a derivatization of the biodegradable material, in particular the polymers, and the addition of fillers and additives (additives) for the purpose of Understanding of the degradation characteristics understood.
  • the derivatization includes, for example, measures such as networking or replacing reactive functionalities in these materials. It is well known, for example, that polymeric materials such as hyaluronic acid are broken down more slowly when increasing the degree of crosslinking. These measures must first be recorded quantitatively by means of established in vitro investigations in order to be able to provide an estimate of the degradation characteristics for the in vivo behavior.
  • the location-dependent degradation characteristic of the implant is preferably specified as a function of the pathophysiological and / or rheological conditions to be expected in the application.
  • the pathophysiological aspects take into account the fact that the stent is usually placed in the vessel in such a way that it lies in the center of the lesion, ie. H. the adjacent tissue at the ends and in the middle area of the stent is of different nature and therefore the supporting function of the implant needs to be maintained for different times to optimize the healing process.
  • the tissue resistances acting on the implant are unequal due to the pathophysiological change, which can lead to an accelerated degradation due to the resulting mechanical stress in places of greater resistance.
  • Rheological aspects in turn take into account the fact that the flow conditions, in particular in the area of the ends and in middle sections of the stent, are different. This can lead to accelerated dismantling of the implant at the ends of the stent due to the stronger flow.
  • Rheological parameters can vary widely, particularly by specifying the stent design, and must be determined in individual cases. By taking the two parameters mentioned into account, optimal degradation over the entire dimension of the stent can be ensured for the desired therapy.
  • the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and in the associated drawing. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a stent with a tubular base body which is open on its end faces and the peripheral wall of which is covered with a coating system
  • FIG. 2a, 2b a schematic cross section along a longitudinal axis of a stent to illustrate the coating according to a first variant
  • 3a, 3b show a schematic cross section along a longitudinal axis of a stent to illustrate the coating according to a second variant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic perspective side view of a stent 10 with a tubular base body 14 that is open at its ends 12.1, 12.2.
  • a circumferential wall 16 of the base body 14 that extends radially about a longitudinal axis L consists of axially arranged side by side Segments, which in turn are composed of a plurality of support elements arranged in a specific pattern.
  • the individual segments are connected to one another via connecting webs and, in summary, result in the base body 14.
  • FIG. 1 the depiction of a specific stent design was deliberately omitted, since this is not necessary for the purposes of illustrating the invention and, moreover, an individual adaptation for each stent design a coating to the given geometric factors and other parameters is necessary.
  • the stent 10 can be formed from a biodegradable magnesium alloy, in particular WE43.
  • WE43 a biodegradable magnesium alloy
  • the individual support elements are subjected to different mechanical loads, in particular at their articulation points. This can lead to the fact that the metallic structure z. B. changed due to micro-cracking. As a rule, a particularly rapid degradation will take place at points where a particularly high mechanical stress occurs.
  • the dimensions of the individual support elements are dimensioned differently depending on the stent design present. It goes without saying that supporting elements with a larger circumference are dismantled more slowly than correspondingly filigree structures in the basic structure. The objective for a satisfactory degradation behavior of the implant should therefore be to counteract a kind of fact formation due to these different degradation characteristics.
  • the location-dependent degradation characteristic of the base body is expressed in the following with the abbreviation D ⁇ x).
  • the stent 10 of FIG. 1 shows in a highly schematic manner a coating 26 in which a plurality of sections 20.1, 20.2, 22.1, 22.2, 24 of the outer circumferential surface 18 of the peripheral wall 16 are formed from biodegradable materials which differ in their degradation characteristics D 2 (x) ,
  • a polymer based on hyaluronic acid is given here as an example of a suitable material for the coating 26.
  • Hyaluronic acid not only shows favorable degradation behavior, but is also particularly easy to process and also has positive physiological effects.
  • the degradation characteristic D 2 (x) can be influenced, for example, in such a way that a certain degree of crosslinking is predetermined by reaction with glutaraldehyde.
  • Numerous processes have been developed for applying a coating to the stent, such as, for example, rotary atomization processes, immersion processes and spray processes.
  • the coating at least in regions covers the wall or the individual struts of the stent that form the support structure.
  • the degradation characteristic D 2 (x) differs in the individual sections 20.1, 20.1, 20.2, 22.1, 22.2, 24.
  • the sections 20.1 and 20.2 at the ends 12.1, 12.2 of the stent 10 show an accelerated degradation characteristic D 2 (x), whereas the sections 22.1 arranged more in the middle , 22.2 and 24 degrade more slowly.
  • This in turn has the consequence that, given the same degradation characteristics D ⁇ x) of the base body, degradation at the end of the stent 10 proceeds faster. This makes sense insofar as the lesion to be treated should be centered opposite sections 22.1, 22.2 and 24 if the stent 10 is applied correctly. Accordingly, the degeneration characteristics D -] (x) and D 2 (x) add up to a cumulative location-dependent degeneration characteristic for the implant.
  • 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4 and 5 show - in each case in a highly schematic manner - a section along the longitudinal axis L of the stent 10 and in each case only one of the two sections resulting therefrom through the peripheral wall 16 however, the principles underlying the design of the coating are briefly discussed.
  • a degradation characteristic D 2 (x) of a coating at a specific location (x) essentially depends on factors such as
  • the local degradation characteristic D 2 (x) depends on the morphological structure and material modifications of the coating.
  • the porosity of the coating can be varied, an increased porosity leading to accelerated degradation.
  • the material modification it can be provided, for example, to add additives to the carriers which delay the enzymatic degradation.
  • the degradation of coatings based on polysaccharide can also be delayed by increasing the degree of crosslinking.
  • the cumulative degradation characteristic D (x) of the coating 26 can be predetermined by suitable specification of the degradation characteristic D 2 (x) of the coating 26, provided the degradation characteristic D- ⁇ (x) of the base body is known.
  • the individual sections of the coating of the stent are also adapted depending on the pathophysiological and theological conditions to be expected in the application.
  • the pathophysiological conditions here mean the tissue structure changed by disease in the stented vascular area.
  • the stent is placed in such a way that the lesion, ie the fibroatheromatous plaque in coronary applications, is approximately in the central area of the stent.
  • the adjoining tissue structures diverge in the axial direction over the length of the stent, and another therapy may also be indicated locally under certain circumstances.
  • the theological conditions are understood to mean the flow conditions as they occur in the individual longitudinal sections of the stent after implantation of the stent. Experience has shown that there is a greater flow around the ends of the stent than the central regions of the stent. This can result in increased degradation of the carrier in the end regions.
  • Biodegradable materials for the coating can include all polymeric matrices of synthetic nature or of natural origin are used in the sense of the invention, which are degraded in the living organism due to enzymatic or hydrolytic processes.
  • pharmacologically active substances which are used in particular to treat the consequences of percutaneous coronary interventions, can be added to the coating.
  • FIG. 2a shows a highly schematic and simplified sectional view of the peripheral wall 16, with its coating 26 applied to the outer lateral surface 18.
  • the coating 26 consists of two end sections 28.1 and 28.2 and a middle section 30.
  • the entire coating 26 is formed from a biodegradable material applied in a uniform layer thickness.
  • Sections 28.1, 28.2, 30 differ in that the final soapy sections 28.1, 28.2 degrade more slowly than the middle section 30. In the present exemplary case, this is used to compensate for logically induced accelerations of the digestion process at the stent ends used, d. H.
  • the schematic stent shown in FIG. 2a will show a largely homogeneous degradation behavior over the entire length of the stent.
  • FIG. 2b discloses a second variant of the coating 26.
  • the sections 28.1, 28.2 correspond to those in FIG. 2a.
  • the section 30, however, is significantly reduced in its layer thickness. The result of this is that section 30 is broken down much more quickly than sections 28.1 and 28.2.
  • Such degradation behavior of the implant can be useful if the artificial structure in the area of the lesion is to be removed as quickly as possible in order to eliminate any starting point for possible complications in this area as early as possible.
  • FIG. 3a shows a coating system 26, in which two different materials with a different degradation behavior are applied to the sections 28.1, 28.2, 30 of the stent 10. The same applies to the variation of the system according to FIG. 3b.
  • sections 28.1, 28.2 are covered by a material with a delayed degradation behavior compared to the material used in the middle section 30. Accordingly, the location-dependent degradation characteristic D (x) is influenced, ie generally delayed at the end.
  • D (x) is influenced, ie generally delayed at the end.
  • 3b shows in sections 28.1 and 28.2 a multilayer structure of the coating 26 in the radial direction.
  • the material with the delayed degradation behavior is again applied in a first section 32, while a section 34 with the more rapidly degradable material is located radially outward.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b and 3a, 3b, 4 and 5 represent only highly schematic exemplary embodiments of the invention. They can be combined with one another in a variety of ways. For example, it is conceivable to design a complex coating consisting of several materials in individual sections. The primary goal is always to optimize the local degradation of the implant.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un implant endovasculaire qui est biodégradable au moins en majeure partie et dont la dégradation in vivo peut être commandée. A cet effet, l'implant selon l'invention comprend un corps de base tubulaire ouvert au niveau de ses faces, constitué d'au moins un matériau biodégradable. Ledit corps de base présente une première caractéristique de dégradation in vivo D1(x) qui dépend de l'emplacement, et comporte en outre un revêtement constitué d'au moins un matériau biodégradable qui recouvre ledit corps de base entièrement ou uniquement de manière partielle, ledit revêtement présentant une deuxième caractéristique de dégradation in vivo D1(x) qui dépend de l'emplacement. Selon l'invention, à un emplacement (x) une caractéristique de dégradation cumulative D(x) qui dépend de l'emplacement résulte de la somme des caractéristiques de dégradation respectives D1(x) et D2(x) audit emplacement (x), et la caractéristique de dégradation cumulative D(x) qui dépend de l'emplacement est prédéterminée par une variation de la deuxième caractéristique de dégradation D2(x), de manière que la dégradation audit emplacement (x) de l'implant intervienne dans un intervalle de temps prédéterminable, selon un processus de dégradation prédéterminable.
EP04765010A 2003-12-24 2004-09-07 Commande de la degradation d'implants biodegradables au moyen d'un revetement Withdrawn EP1699383A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10361940A DE10361940A1 (de) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Degradationssteuerung biodegradierbarer Implantate durch Beschichtung
PCT/EP2004/010077 WO2005065576A1 (fr) 2003-12-24 2004-09-07 Commande de la degradation d'implants biodegradables au moyen d'un revetement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1699383A1 true EP1699383A1 (fr) 2006-09-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04765010A Withdrawn EP1699383A1 (fr) 2003-12-24 2004-09-07 Commande de la degradation d'implants biodegradables au moyen d'un revetement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090208555A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1699383A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4861827B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE10361940A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005065576A1 (fr)

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JP2007518473A (ja) 2007-07-12

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