EP1696104B1 - Actuation of variable geometry guide vanes of a turbomachine - Google Patents

Actuation of variable geometry guide vanes of a turbomachine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1696104B1
EP1696104B1 EP06290158A EP06290158A EP1696104B1 EP 1696104 B1 EP1696104 B1 EP 1696104B1 EP 06290158 A EP06290158 A EP 06290158A EP 06290158 A EP06290158 A EP 06290158A EP 1696104 B1 EP1696104 B1 EP 1696104B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rod
drive square
axis
orifice
vane
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Application number
EP06290158A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1696104A2 (en
EP1696104A3 (en
Inventor
François Ribassin
Dominique Raulin
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP1696104A3 publication Critical patent/EP1696104A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/56—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/563—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/162—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a variable-pitch blade control device in a turbomachine, such as an aircraft turbojet for example.
  • flow vane straightening stage stages are mounted between the stages of the compressor and turbine wheels. These straightening vanes are carried by their stator and are adjustable in position about their axis to optimize the flow of gases in the vein.
  • Each rectifying blade, or variable pitch blade comprises a cylindrical rotating guide shank, mounted in a cylindrical passage of the turbojet engine housing and terminating in a driving square on which is engaged a corresponding orifice formed at one end of the turbojet engine. a link.
  • the other end of the link comprises a cylindrical radial finger mounting on a control ring which surrounds the casing externally and which is connected to a means for driving in rotation about the axis of the turbojet engine, this drive means being usually a cylinder or an electric motor.
  • the rotation of the control ring is transmitted by the links to the cylindrical shanks of the vanes and rotates about their axes.
  • the axes of the blade tails and the axes of the fingers of the rods are parallel, which allows a play-free assembly of the rods on the control ring and on the tails of the rods. blades, by a radial translation movement.
  • the axes of the fingers of the rods are radial and the axis of the tails of the vanes are inclined relative to a radial direction.
  • the rods are engaged on the control ring and on the tails of the blades by a radial translational movement, which makes it possible to mount the finger of each link without play on the control ring, but imposes to provide a game at the other end of the link to engage the orifice formed at this other end on the drive square provided at the end of the tail of the blade.
  • the present invention is intended in particular to eliminate this disadvantage, simply, economically and efficiently.
  • a turbomachine comprising a variable-pitch blade control device, this device comprising a control ring rotatably mounted around the casing of the turbomachine and connected by links to the variable-pitch vanes.
  • each link having at one end a radial mounting finger on the control ring and at its other end a mounting hole on a drive square formed at the end of a cylindrical tail of the blade, guided in rotation in a cylindrical passage of the casing, characterized in that, the axis of the cylindrical tail of the blade being inclined relative to the axis of the radial finger of the rod, the mounting hole of the rod has, in the longitudinal direction of the rod, a dimension greater than that of the training square and determines with it, in the aforementioned direction, a game that varies on the height of the training square and said mounting port between a value sufficient to engage the mounting port on the drive square by moving the link parallel to the axis of its radial finger and a very small value or almost zero when the rod is in place on the drive square, and in that, when the rod is in place on the drive square, the aforementioned game is substantially triangular in a plane passing through the axis of the tail drive and oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible, on the one hand, to mount a connecting rod by engagement on the control ring and on a blade stem by means of a radial translational movement, by means of a sufficient clearance between orifice of the rod and the drive square of the blade in the longitudinal direction of the rod, and secondly the precise angular positioning of the blade around its axis, with the aid of a very low or near zero once the link is in place on the dawn drive square.
  • the above game is substantially triangular in a plane passing through the axis of the drive tail and oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod.
  • the aforesaid game is formed between a straight face of the driving square, parallel to the axis of rotation of the blade, and an oblique surface of the mounting hole of the rod, inclined relative to this axis of rotation.
  • the dimension of the mounting orifice, in the longitudinal direction of the rod, then decreases progressively from the radially inner end of this orifice, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine, to the vicinity of its radially outer end. , relative to the same axis, and is constant up to this radially outer end.
  • the aforementioned clearance is formed between a straight surface of the rod mounting hole, parallel to the axis of rotation of the blade, and an oblique face of the drive square. , inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the blade.
  • figure 1 is schematically represented, in axial section, a portion of a variable-pitch blade for a high-pressure compressor of a turbomachine, in particular an airplane turbojet or turboprop, comprising stages of fixed blades 10 for straightening the gas flow path in the compressor, alternating with stages of moving blades 12 carried by the rotor of the compressor.
  • Each straightening blade 10 comprises a blade 14 and a cylindrical tail 16 radially external mounted in a cylindrical passage 18 of a housing 20 of the compressor and formed at its radially outer end with a drive square 22 on which is engaged a corresponding orifice 24 formed at one end of a control rod 26.
  • the other end of the link 26 comprises a radial cylindrical finger 28 mounted on a control ring 30 which surrounds externally housing 20 and which is associated with an actuating means (not shown) for rotating in one direction or the other around the axis of the turbomachine to drive the blades 10 of a rectifying stage in rotation about their axes 32.
  • the cylindrical shank 16 of the blade 10 is centered and guided in rotation in the cylindrical passage 18 by means of a cylindrical sleeve 34 extending in the passage 18 over a major part of its longitudinal dimension and having at its radially outer end an outer annular flange 36 resting on the radially outer edge 38 of the wall of the passage 18.
  • a guide washer 40 is mounted around the tail 16 of the blade, between an annular surface 42 of the blade, perpendicular to its axis 32, and a corresponding annular surface 44 of the housing 20, and has on its inner edge a external cylindrical rim 46 extending around the shank 16.
  • the axis 32 of the blade is inclined relative to a radial direction while the axis 48 of the cylindrical finger 28 of the rod 26 connecting the blade 10 to the control ring 30 is radial.
  • the rod 26 is engaged on the control ring 30 and on the drive square 22 of the blade 10 by a radial translational movement, schematically represented by the arrows 50, which allows to mount substantially without play the finger 28 of the rod on the control ring 30, but requires to provide a game 52 at the other end of the rod between its orifice 24 and the drive square 22 of the blade, in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod 26.
  • the orifice of the rod 60 cooperating with the drive square 22 of the blade is formed by a cavity 62 opening on the radially inner face 64 of the end of the link 26 and extending over a major part of the thickness thereof, the bottom 66 of this cavity 62 having a passage opening of a screw 68 screwed in an axial hole 70 tapped from the tail of the dawn.
  • the figure 3 is a top view of the link 60 of the figure 2 and illustrates a mounting position of the link 60 on the drive square 22 of the blade.
  • the rod After mounting on the drive square, the rod can take any position relative to the drive square in the longitudinal direction of the rod, that is to say that the rod can be in contact with the square of drive by one of the aforementioned faces 72, 76 of the orifice of the rod, as shown in FIG. figure 1 , or take an intermediate position, as shown in figure 3 .
  • the point 82 is the trace of the axis 32 of the blade in the plane of the drawing
  • the point 84 and the arc 86 represent, respectively, the trace of the axis 48 of the finger 28 of the rod and its trajectory in rotation about the axis 32 of the blade for a given rotation 88 of the control ring
  • the distance L mentioned above may vary, due to the mounting clearance, between a value L - s, and L + ⁇ 2 corresponding to the extreme positions mentioned above. of the rod relative to the training square of the dawn.
  • the blades may have the same angular orientation for a given position of the control ring, and take different angular orientations when the control ring is rotated.
  • the device according to the invention provides a simple, effective and economical solution to this problem.
  • the aforementioned set of mounting of the orifice of the rod on the drive square is formed, in the longitudinal direction of the rod 26, between a straight surface 90 of the orifice 24 of the rod, the opposite side to the finger 28 of the rod and parallel to the axis 32 of the blade, and an oblique face 92 of the drive square, which is facing the surface 90 and inclined outwards in the direction of the axis 32 of the 'dawn.
  • This face 92 may be formed by removal of material on a radially outer portion of the drive square, the remaining radially inner portion of the drive square forming a straight face 94 parallel to the axis of the blade, and facing the surface 90 at a distance 96 very low or almost zero thereof and a height 98 sufficient to ensure the longitudinal retention of the rod relative to the blade before tightening. This height is typically about 0.5 mm.
  • the play is formed in the longitudinal direction of the link between a straight face 100 of the drive square of the blade, which is parallel to the axis 32 of the blade and opposite to the finger 28 of the link, and an oblique surface 102 of the orifice of the rod, which is facing the face 100 and inclined outwards in direction of the axis 32 of the dawn.
  • This surface 102 may be formed by removing material on the end face of the orifice 24 of the link over a portion of the height of this end face, from the inside.
  • the remaining radially outer portion of this end face is a straight face 104 parallel to the axis 32 of the blade, and opposite the face 100 of the drive square at a distance 106 very small or almost zero from that and a height 108 sufficient to ensure the longitudinal retention of the rod relative to the blade.
  • This height is typically about 0.5 mm.
  • the aforementioned game in a plane passing through the axis 32 of the blade and oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod, may have a triangular shape, curved or otherwise.
  • the clearance J at the radially outer end of the orifice of the connecting rod (in figure 5 ) or at the radially inner end of this orifice ( figure 6 ) is sufficient to allow mounting of the rod on the drive square by radial displacement of the link.
  • the angular wedge defect of the blade corresponding to ⁇ 0 - ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 0 - ⁇ 2 in figure 4 was ⁇ 0.31 °.
  • the invention makes it possible, by mounting the figure 5 or by that of the figure 6 , to reduce this calibration fault to ⁇ 0.09 °, and therefore to reduce it by about 70%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commande d'aubes à calage variable dans une turbomachine, telle qu'un turboréacteur d'avion par exemple.The invention relates to a variable-pitch blade control device in a turbomachine, such as an aircraft turbojet for example.

Les documents US-A1-4,979,874 et US-A1-5,024,580 décrivent des dispositifs de ce type.The documents US-A1-4,979,874 and US-A1-5,024,580 describe devices of this type.

Dans un turboréacteur, des étages d'aubes de redressement de la veine d'écoulement sont montés entre les étages des roues de compresseur et de turbine. Ces aubes de redressement sont portées par leur stator et sont réglables en position autour de leur axe pour optimiser l'écoulement des gaz dans la veine.In a turbojet engine, flow vane straightening stage stages are mounted between the stages of the compressor and turbine wheels. These straightening vanes are carried by their stator and are adjustable in position about their axis to optimize the flow of gases in the vein.

Chaque aube de redressement, ou aube à calage variable, comprend une queue cylindrique de guidage en rotation, montée dans un passage cylindrique du carter du turboréacteur et se terminant par un carré d'entraînement sur lequel est engagé un orifice correspondant formé à une extrémité d'une biellette. L'autre extrémité de la biellette comporte un doigt cylindrique radial de montage sur un anneau de commande qui entoure extérieurement le carter et qui est relié à un moyen d'entraînement en rotation autour de l'axe du turboréacteur, ce moyen d'entraînement étant en général un vérin ou un moteur électrique.Each rectifying blade, or variable pitch blade, comprises a cylindrical rotating guide shank, mounted in a cylindrical passage of the turbojet engine housing and terminating in a driving square on which is engaged a corresponding orifice formed at one end of the turbojet engine. a link. The other end of the link comprises a cylindrical radial finger mounting on a control ring which surrounds the casing externally and which is connected to a means for driving in rotation about the axis of the turbojet engine, this drive means being usually a cylinder or an electric motor.

La rotation de l'anneau de commande est transmise par les biellettes aux queues cylindriques des aubes et les fait tourner autour de leurs axes.The rotation of the control ring is transmitted by the links to the cylindrical shanks of the vanes and rotates about their axes.

Une certaine précision dans le montage des biellettes sur l'anneau de commande et sur les queues des aubes est nécessaire pour que les aubes soient toutes orientées de la même façon dans toutes leurs positions angulaires.Some precision in the assembly of the rods on the control ring and on the tails of the blades is necessary so that the blades are all oriented in the same way in all their angular positions.

Dans certaines turbomachines, les axes des queues des aubes et les axes des doigts des biellettes sont parallèles, ce qui permet un montage sans jeu des biellettes sur l'anneau de commande et sur les queues des aubes, par un mouvement de translation radiale.In some turbomachines, the axes of the blade tails and the axes of the fingers of the rods are parallel, which allows a play-free assembly of the rods on the control ring and on the tails of the rods. blades, by a radial translation movement.

Dans d'autres turbomachines, les axes des doigts des biellettes sont radiaux et les axes des queues des aubes sont inclinés par rapport à une direction radiale. Pour leur montage, les biellettes sont engagées sur l'anneau de commande et sur les queues des aubes par un mouvement de translation radiale, ce qui permet de monter sans jeu le doigt de chaque biellette sur l'anneau de commande, mais impose de prévoir un jeu à l'autre extrémité de la biellette pour engager l'orifice formé à cette autre extrémité sur le carré d'entraînement prévu à l'extrémité de la queue de l'aube.In other turbomachines, the axes of the fingers of the rods are radial and the axis of the tails of the vanes are inclined relative to a radial direction. For their assembly, the rods are engaged on the control ring and on the tails of the blades by a radial translational movement, which makes it possible to mount the finger of each link without play on the control ring, but imposes to provide a game at the other end of the link to engage the orifice formed at this other end on the drive square provided at the end of the tail of the blade.

Ce jeu nécessaire au montage en raison de l'inclinaison du carré d'entraînement par rapport au déplacement en translation radiale de la biellette se traduit par un jeu, après montage, de la biellette sur le carré d'entraînement dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette et donc par une imprécision notable dans le positionnement angulaire de l'aube autour de son axe.This clearance required for mounting due to the inclination of the drive square relative to the displacement in radial translation of the rod results in a game, after assembly, of the rod on the drive square in the longitudinal direction of the rod and therefore by a noticeable inaccuracy in the angular positioning of the dawn around its axis.

La présente invention a notamment pour but d'éliminer cet inconvénient, de façon simple, économique et efficace.The present invention is intended in particular to eliminate this disadvantage, simply, economically and efficiently.

Elle propose à cet effet une turbomachine selon la revendication 1, comprenant un dispositif de commande d'aubes à calage variable, ce dispositif comprenant un anneau de commande monté à rotation autour du carter de la turbomachine et relié par des biellettes aux aubes à calage variable, chaque biellette comportant à une extrémité un doigt radial de montage sur l'anneau de commande et à son autre extrémité un orifice de montage sur un carré d'entraînement formé à l'extrémité d'une queue cylindrique de l'aube, guidée en rotation dans un passage cylindrique du carter, caractérisée en ce que, l'axe de la queue cylindrique de l'aube étant incliné par rapport à l'axe du doigt radial de la biellette, l'orifice de montage de la biellette présente, dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette, une dimension supérieure à celle du carré d'entraînement et détermine avec celui-ci, dans la direction précitée, un jeu qui varie sur la hauteur du carré d'entraînement et dudit orifice de montage entre une valeur suffisante pour engager l'orifice de montage sur le carré d'entraînement en déplaçant la biellette parallèlement à l'axe de son doigt radial et une valeur très faible ou presque nulle quand la biellette est en place sur le carré d'entraînement, et en ce que, quand la biellette est en place sur le carré d'entraînement, le jeu précité est sensiblement triangulaire dans un plan passant par l'axe de la queue d'entraînement et orienté parallèlement à la direction longitudinale de la biellette.To this end, it proposes a turbomachine according to claim 1, comprising a variable-pitch blade control device, this device comprising a control ring rotatably mounted around the casing of the turbomachine and connected by links to the variable-pitch vanes. , each link having at one end a radial mounting finger on the control ring and at its other end a mounting hole on a drive square formed at the end of a cylindrical tail of the blade, guided in rotation in a cylindrical passage of the casing, characterized in that, the axis of the cylindrical tail of the blade being inclined relative to the axis of the radial finger of the rod, the mounting hole of the rod has, in the longitudinal direction of the rod, a dimension greater than that of the training square and determines with it, in the aforementioned direction, a game that varies on the height of the training square and said mounting port between a value sufficient to engage the mounting port on the drive square by moving the link parallel to the axis of its radial finger and a very small value or almost zero when the rod is in place on the drive square, and in that, when the rod is in place on the drive square, the aforementioned game is substantially triangular in a plane passing through the axis of the tail drive and oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod.

Le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'une part le montage d'une biellette par engagement sur l'anneau de commande et sur une queue d'aube par un mouvement de translation radiale, à l'aide d'un jeu suffisant entre l'orifice de la biellette et le carré d'entraînement de l'aube dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette, et d'autre part le positionnement angulaire précis de l'aube autour de son axe, à l'aide d'un jeu très faible ou presque nul une fois que la biellette est en place sur le carré d'entraînement de l'aube.The device according to the invention makes it possible, on the one hand, to mount a connecting rod by engagement on the control ring and on a blade stem by means of a radial translational movement, by means of a sufficient clearance between orifice of the rod and the drive square of the blade in the longitudinal direction of the rod, and secondly the precise angular positioning of the blade around its axis, with the aid of a very low or near zero once the link is in place on the dawn drive square.

Quand la biellette est en place sur le carré d'entraînement, le jeu précité est sensiblement triangulaire dans un plan passant par l'axe de la queue d'entraînement et orienté parallèlement à la direction longitudinale de la biellette.When the rod is in place on the drive square, the above game is substantially triangular in a plane passing through the axis of the drive tail and oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le jeu précité est formé entre une face droite du carré d'entraînement, parallèle à l'axe de rotation de l'aube, et une surface oblique de l'orifice de montage de la biellette, inclinée par rapport à cet axe de rotation.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforesaid game is formed between a straight face of the driving square, parallel to the axis of rotation of the blade, and an oblique surface of the mounting hole of the rod, inclined relative to this axis of rotation.

La dimension de l'orifice de montage, dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette, diminue alors progressivement de l'extrémité radialement interne de cet orifice, par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la turbomachine, jusqu'au voisinage de son extrémité radialement externe, par rapport au même axe, puis est constante jusqu'à cette extrémité radialement externe.The dimension of the mounting orifice, in the longitudinal direction of the rod, then decreases progressively from the radially inner end of this orifice, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine, to the vicinity of its radially outer end. , relative to the same axis, and is constant up to this radially outer end.

Dans une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le jeu précité est formé entre une surface droite de l'orifice de montage de la biellette, parallèle à l'axe de rotation de l'aube, et une face oblique du carré d'entraînement, inclinée par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'aube.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned clearance is formed between a straight surface of the rod mounting hole, parallel to the axis of rotation of the blade, and an oblique face of the drive square. , inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the blade.

La dimension du carré d'entraînement, dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette, augmente alors progressivement de son extrémité radialement externe jusqu'au voisinage de son extrémité radialement interne, puis est constante jusqu'à cette extrémité radialement interne.The size of the driving square, in the longitudinal direction the rod, then increases gradually from its radially outer end to the vicinity of its radially inner end, and is constant to this radially inner end.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale illustrant un dispositif de commande d'aube à calage variable selon la technique antérieure ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique partielle en coupe axiale d'un autre dispositif de commande d'aube à calage variable selon la technique antérieure ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique du dessus de la biellette du dispositif de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 4 représente schématiquement l'influence du jeu au montage entre l'orifice de la biellette et le carré d'entraînement d'une aube sur la précision du calage angulaire de cette aube ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique partielle en coupe axiale d'un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique partielle en coupe axiale d'une variante de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages and features of the invention will appear on reading the description. following by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section illustrating a variable pitch blade control device according to the prior art;
  • the figure 2 is a partial schematic view in axial section of another variable pitch blade control device according to the prior art;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic view of the top of the rod of the device of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 4 schematically represents the influence of play on assembly between the orifice of the connecting rod and the drive square of a blade on the precision of the angular setting of this blade;
  • the figure 5 is a partial schematic view in axial section of an embodiment of the device according to the invention;
  • the figure 6 is a partial schematic view in axial section of an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention.

En figure 1, on a représenté schématiquement, en coupe axiale, une partie d'une aube à calage variable pour un compresseur haute-pression d'une turbomachine, en particulier d'un turboréacteur ou d'un turbopropulseur d'avion, comprenant des étages d'aubes fixes 10 de redressement de la veine d'écoulement des gaz dans le compresseur, alternant avec des étages d'aubes mobiles 12 portées par le rotor du compresseur.In figure 1 is schematically represented, in axial section, a portion of a variable-pitch blade for a high-pressure compressor of a turbomachine, in particular an airplane turbojet or turboprop, comprising stages of fixed blades 10 for straightening the gas flow path in the compressor, alternating with stages of moving blades 12 carried by the rotor of the compressor.

Chaque aube de redressement 10 comprend une pale 14 et une queue cylindrique 16 radialement externe montée dans un passage cylindrique 18 d'un carter 20 du compresseur et formée à son extrémité radialement externe avec un carré d'entraînement 22 sur lequel est engagé un orifice correspondant 24 formé à une extrémité d'une biellette de commande 26.Each straightening blade 10 comprises a blade 14 and a cylindrical tail 16 radially external mounted in a cylindrical passage 18 of a housing 20 of the compressor and formed at its radially outer end with a drive square 22 on which is engaged a corresponding orifice 24 formed at one end of a control rod 26.

L'autre extrémité de la biellette 26 comporte un doigt cylindrique radial 28 de montage sur un anneau de commande 30 qui entoure extérieurement le carter 20 et qui est associé à un moyen d'actionnement (non représenté) permettant de le faire tourner dans un sens ou dans l'autre autour de l'axe de la turbomachine pour entraîner les aubes 10 d'un étage redresseur en rotation autour de leurs axes 32.The other end of the link 26 comprises a radial cylindrical finger 28 mounted on a control ring 30 which surrounds externally housing 20 and which is associated with an actuating means (not shown) for rotating in one direction or the other around the axis of the turbomachine to drive the blades 10 of a rectifying stage in rotation about their axes 32.

La queue cylindrique 16 de l'aube 10 est centrée et guidée en rotation dans le passage cylindrique 18 au moyen d'une douille cylindrique 34 s'étendant dans le passage 18 sur une majeure partie de sa dimension longitudinale et comportant à son extrémité radialement externe un rebord annulaire externe 36 en appui sur le bord radialement externe 38 de la paroi du passage 18.The cylindrical shank 16 of the blade 10 is centered and guided in rotation in the cylindrical passage 18 by means of a cylindrical sleeve 34 extending in the passage 18 over a major part of its longitudinal dimension and having at its radially outer end an outer annular flange 36 resting on the radially outer edge 38 of the wall of the passage 18.

Une rondelle de guidage 40 est montée autour de la queue 16 de l'aube, entre une surface annulaire 42 de l'aube, perpendiculaire à son axe 32, et une surface annulaire 44 correspondante du carter 20, et comporte sur son bord interne un rebord cylindrique externe 46 s'étendant autour de la queue 16.A guide washer 40 is mounted around the tail 16 of the blade, between an annular surface 42 of the blade, perpendicular to its axis 32, and a corresponding annular surface 44 of the housing 20, and has on its inner edge a external cylindrical rim 46 extending around the shank 16.

L'axe 32 de l'aube est incliné par rapport à une direction radiale tandis que l'axe 48 du doigt cylindrique 28 de la biellette 26 reliant cette aube 10 à l'anneau de commande 30 est radial.The axis 32 of the blade is inclined relative to a radial direction while the axis 48 of the cylindrical finger 28 of the rod 26 connecting the blade 10 to the control ring 30 is radial.

Pour son montage, la biellette 26 est engagée sur l'anneau de commande 30 et sur le carré d'entraînement 22 de l'aube 10 par un mouvement de translation radiale, schématiquement représenté par les flèches 50, ce qui permet de monter sensiblement sans jeu le doigt 28 de la biellette sur l'anneau de commande 30, mais impose de prévoir un jeu 52 à l'autre extrémité de la biellette entre son orifice 24 et le carré d'entraînement 22 de l'aube, dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette 26.For its mounting, the rod 26 is engaged on the control ring 30 and on the drive square 22 of the blade 10 by a radial translational movement, schematically represented by the arrows 50, which allows to mount substantially without play the finger 28 of the rod on the control ring 30, but requires to provide a game 52 at the other end of the rod between its orifice 24 and the drive square 22 of the blade, in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod 26.

Après montage de la biellette 26, celle-ci est fixée sur la queue 16 de l'aube par vissage d'un écrou 54 sur un prolongement axial 56 fileté du carré d'entraînement 22.After assembly of the rod 26, it is fixed on the tail 16 of the blade by screwing a nut 54 on an axial extension 56 threaded from the drive square 22.

Dans la variante des figures 2 et 3, l'orifice de la biellette 60 coopérant avec le carré d'entraînement 22 de l'aube est formé par une cavité 62 débouchant sur la face radialement interne 64 de l'extrémité de la biellette 26 et s'étendant sur une majeure partie de l'épaisseur de celle-ci, le fond 66 de cette cavité 62 comportant un orifice de passage d'une vis 68 vissée dans un trou axial 70 taraudé de la queue de l'aube.In the variant of figures 2 and 3 , the orifice of the rod 60 cooperating with the drive square 22 of the blade is formed by a cavity 62 opening on the radially inner face 64 of the end of the link 26 and extending over a major part of the thickness thereof, the bottom 66 of this cavity 62 having a passage opening of a screw 68 screwed in an axial hole 70 tapped from the tail of the dawn.

La figure 3 est une vue de dessus de la biellette 60 de la figure 2 et illustre une position de montage de la biellette 60 sur le carré d'entraînement 22 de l'aube.The figure 3 is a top view of the link 60 of the figure 2 and illustrates a mounting position of the link 60 on the drive square 22 of the blade.

Le jeu nécessaire au montage de l'orifice 62 de la biellette sur le carré d'entraînement 22 de l'aube, dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette, s'est traduit après montage par un jeu 74, dans cette direction, entre le carré d'entraînement 22 et une surface 72 de l'orifice 62, du côté opposé au doigt 28 de la biellette et par un jeu 80, dans cette même direction, entre le carré d'entraînement 22 et une surface 76 de l'orifice 62, opposée à la surface 72.The clearance needed to mount the orifice 62 of the connecting rod on the drive square 22 of the blade, in the longitudinal direction of the link, was translated after mounting by a set 74, in this direction, between the driving square 22 and a surface 72 of the orifice 62, the opposite side to the finger 28 of the rod and a clearance 80, in the same direction, between the drive square 22 and a surface 76 of the orifice 62, opposite the surface 72.

Après le montage sur le carré d'entraînement, la biellette peut prendre une position quelconque par rapport au carré d'entraînement dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette, c'est-à-dire que la biellette peut être en contact avec le carré d'entraînement par une des faces précitées 72, 76 de l'orifice de la biellette, comme représenté en figure 1, ou bien prendre une position intermédiaire, comme représenté en figure 3. Il en résulte pour chacune de ses positions une distance L différente entre l'axe 48 du doigt 28 de la biellette et l'axe 32 de l'aube.After mounting on the drive square, the rod can take any position relative to the drive square in the longitudinal direction of the rod, that is to say that the rod can be in contact with the square of drive by one of the aforementioned faces 72, 76 of the orifice of the rod, as shown in FIG. figure 1 , or take an intermediate position, as shown in figure 3 . This results for each of its positions a different distance L between the axis 48 of the finger 28 of the rod and the axis 32 of the blade.

On a représenté schématiquement en figure 4 l'influence de la distance L précitée sur l'angle de rotation d'une aube, pour une rotation donnée de l'anneau de commande.Diagrammatically in figure 4 the influence of the distance L above on the rotation angle of a blade, for a given rotation of the control ring.

Le point 82 est la trace de l'axe 32 de l'aube dans le plan du dessin, le point 84 et l'arc de cercle 86 représentent, respectivement, la trace de l'axe 48 du doigt 28 de la biellette et sa trajectoire en rotation autour de l'axe 32 de l'aube pour une rotation donnée 88 de l'anneau de commandeThe point 82 is the trace of the axis 32 of the blade in the plane of the drawing, the point 84 and the arc 86 represent, respectively, the trace of the axis 48 of the finger 28 of the rod and its trajectory in rotation about the axis 32 of the blade for a given rotation 88 of the control ring

La distance L précitée peut varier, en raison du jeu de montage, entre une valeur L - s, et L + ε2 correspondant aux positions extrêmes précitées de la biellette par rapport au carré d'entraînement de l'aube.The distance L mentioned above may vary, due to the mounting clearance, between a value L - s, and L + ε 2 corresponding to the extreme positions mentioned above. of the rod relative to the training square of the dawn.

Lorsque cette distance est égale à L, l'aube est entraînée en rotation par l'anneau autour de son axe 32 d'un angle α0.When this distance is equal to L, the blade is rotated by the ring about its axis 32 by an angle α 0 .

Lorsque cette distance est égale à L - ε1, l'aube est entraînée en rotation autour de son axe 32 d'un angle α1 supérieur à α0. Lorsque la distance est égale à L + ε2, l'aube est entraînée sur un angle α2 inférieur α0.When this distance is equal to L - ε 1 , the blade is rotated about its axis 32 by an angle α 1 greater than α 0 . When the distance is equal to L + ε 2 , the blade is driven on an angle α 2 less than α 0 .

Cela a pour conséquence que, dans un étage redresseur, les aubes peuvent avoir une même orientation angulaire pour une position donnée de l'anneau de commande, et prendre des orientations angulaires différentes quand l'anneau de commande est entraîné en rotation.This has the consequence that, in a rectifier stage, the blades may have the same angular orientation for a given position of the control ring, and take different angular orientations when the control ring is rotated.

Le dispositif selon l'invention apporte une solution simple, efficace et économique à ce problème.The device according to the invention provides a simple, effective and economical solution to this problem.

Dans un mode de réalisation représenté en figure 5 qui correspond au dispositif de la figure 1, le jeu précité de montage de l'orifice de la biellette sur le carré d'entraînement est formé, dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette 26, entre une surface droite 90 de l'orifice 24 de la biellette, du côté opposé au doigt 28 de la biellette et parallèle à l'axe 32 de l'aube, et une face oblique 92 du carré d'entraînement, qui est en regard de la surface 90 et inclinée vers l'extérieur en direction de l'axe 32 de l'aube.In an embodiment shown in figure 5 which corresponds to the device of the figure 1 , the aforementioned set of mounting of the orifice of the rod on the drive square is formed, in the longitudinal direction of the rod 26, between a straight surface 90 of the orifice 24 of the rod, the opposite side to the finger 28 of the rod and parallel to the axis 32 of the blade, and an oblique face 92 of the drive square, which is facing the surface 90 and inclined outwards in the direction of the axis 32 of the 'dawn.

Cette face 92 peut être formée par enlèvement de matière sur une partie radialement externe du carré d'entraînement, la partie radialement interne restante du carré d'entraînement formant une face droite 94 parallèle à l'axe de l'aube, et en regard de la surface 90 à une distance 96 très faible voire quasi nulle de celle-ci et sur une hauteur 98 suffisante pour assurer le maintien longitudinal de la biellette par rapport à l'aube avant serrage. Cette hauteur est typiquement de 0,5 mm environ.This face 92 may be formed by removal of material on a radially outer portion of the drive square, the remaining radially inner portion of the drive square forming a straight face 94 parallel to the axis of the blade, and facing the surface 90 at a distance 96 very low or almost zero thereof and a height 98 sufficient to ensure the longitudinal retention of the rod relative to the blade before tightening. This height is typically about 0.5 mm.

Dans la variante de réalisation de la figure 6, le jeu est formé dans la direction longitudinale de la biellette, entre une face droite 100 du carré d'entraînement de l'aube, qui est parallèle à l'axe 32 de l'aube et opposée au doigt 28 de la biellette, et une surface oblique 102 de l'orifice de la biellette, qui est en regard de la face 100 et inclinée vers l'extérieur en direction de l'axe 32 de l'aube.In the variant embodiment of the figure 6 the play is formed in the longitudinal direction of the link between a straight face 100 of the drive square of the blade, which is parallel to the axis 32 of the blade and opposite to the finger 28 of the link, and an oblique surface 102 of the orifice of the rod, which is facing the face 100 and inclined outwards in direction of the axis 32 of the dawn.

Cette surface 102 peut être formée par enlèvement de matière sur la face d'extrémité de l'orifice 24 de la biellette sur une partie de la hauteur de cette face d'extrémité, depuis l'intérieur. La partie radialement externe restante de cette face d'extrémité est une face droite 104 parallèle à l'axe 32 de l'aube, et en regard de la face 100 du carré d'entraînement à une distance 106 très faible voire quasi nulle de celle-ci et sur une hauteur 108 suffisante pour assurer le maintien longitudinal de la biellette par rapport à l'aube. Cette hauteur est typiquement de 0,5 mm environ.This surface 102 may be formed by removing material on the end face of the orifice 24 of the link over a portion of the height of this end face, from the inside. The remaining radially outer portion of this end face is a straight face 104 parallel to the axis 32 of the blade, and opposite the face 100 of the drive square at a distance 106 very small or almost zero from that and a height 108 sufficient to ensure the longitudinal retention of the rod relative to the blade. This height is typically about 0.5 mm.

Le jeu précité, dans un plan passant par l'axe 32 de l'aube et orienté parallèlement à la direction longitudinale de la biellette, peut avoir une forme triangulaire, incurvée ou autre.The aforementioned game, in a plane passing through the axis 32 of the blade and oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod, may have a triangular shape, curved or otherwise.

Dans ces deux modes de réalisation, le jeu J à l'extrémité radialement externe de l'orifice de la biellette (en figure 5) ou à l'extrémité radialement interne de cet orifice (figure 6) est suffisant pour permettre le montage de la biellette sur le carré d'entraînement par déplacement radial de la biellette.In these two embodiments, the clearance J at the radially outer end of the orifice of the connecting rod (in figure 5 ) or at the radially inner end of this orifice ( figure 6 ) is sufficient to allow mounting of the rod on the drive square by radial displacement of the link.

Dans un exemple de réalisation utilisant le montage de la figure 1, le défaut de calage angulaire de l'aube correspondant à α0 - α1 et à α0 - α2 en figure 4 était de ± 0,31°. L'invention permet, par le montage de la figure 5 ou par celui de la figure 6, de ramener ce défaut de calage à ± 0,09°, et donc de le réduire d'environ 70%.In an exemplary embodiment using the mounting of the figure 1 , the angular wedge defect of the blade corresponding to α 0 - α 1 and α 0 - α 2 in figure 4 was ± 0.31 °. The invention makes it possible, by mounting the figure 5 or by that of the figure 6 , to reduce this calibration fault to ± 0.09 °, and therefore to reduce it by about 70%.

Claims (7)

  1. A turbomachine comprising a device for controlling variable-pitch vanes (10), this device comprising a control ring (30) mounted to turn about a casing (20) of the turbomachine and connected by rods (26) to the variable-pitch vanes (10), each rod (26) having at one end a radial finger (28) for assembly in the control ring (30), and at its other end an orifice (24) for assembly on a drive square (22) formed at the end of a cylindrical pin (16) of the vane (10), which pin is pivotally guided in a cylindrical passage (18) of the casing (20), the cylindrical pin (16) of the vane (10) having an axis (48) of the radial finger (28) of the rod (26), the device being characterized in that the assembly orifice (24) in the rod (26)presents a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the rod (26) that is greater than the corresponding dimension of the drive square (22), and cooperates therewith in said direction to determine clearance that varies over the height of the drive square (22) and of the assembly orifice (24) between a value that is sufficient to allow the assembly orifice (24) to be engaged on the drive square (22) by moving the rod (26) parallel to the axis (48) of its radial finger (28), and a value that is very small or almost zero when the rod (26) is in place on the drive square (22), and in that, when the rod (26) is in place on the drive square (22), said clearance is substantially triangular in a plane containing the axis (32) of the drive pin (16) and oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod (26).
  2. A turbomachine according to claim 1, characterized in that said clearance is formed between a straight face (100) of the drive square (22) extending parallel to the pivot axis (32) of the vane (10), and an oblique surface (102) of the assembly orifice (24) in the rod (26) that is inclined relative to said pivot axis (32).
  3. A turbomachine according to claim 2, characterized in that the dimension of the assembly orifice (24) in the longitudinal direction of the rod (26) decreases progressively from the radially inner end of said orifice (24), with respect to the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine, to the vicinity of its radially outer end, with respect to the same axis, and is then constant to said radially outer end.
  4. A turbomachine according to claim 3, characterized in that the orifice (24) in the rod (26) includes a straight surface (104) parallel to the pivot axis (32) of the vane (10) and facing the straight face (100) of the drive square (22) of the vane (10) over a height, e.g. about 0.5 mm, that is sufficient to hold the rod (26) in its longitudinal direction when it is in place on the drive square (22).
  5. A turbomachine according to claim 1, characterized in that said clearance is formed between a straight surface (90) of the assembly orifice (24) in the rod (26) extending parallel to the pivot axis (32) of the vane (10), and an oblique face (92) of the drive square (22) that is inclined relative to the pivot axis (32) of the vane (10).
  6. A turbomachine according to claim 5, characterized in that the dimension of the drive square (22) in the longitudinal direction of the rod (26) increases progressively from its radially outer end, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine, to the vicinity of its radially inner end, with respect to the same axis, and is then constant to said radially inner end.
  7. A turbomachine according to claim 6, characterized in that the drive square (22) of the vane (10) includes a straight face (94) parallel to the pivot axis (32) of the vane (10) and facing the straight face (90) of the orifice (24) in the rod (26) over a height, e.g. about 0.5 mm, that is sufficient to hold the rod (26) in its longitudinal direction when it is in place on the drive square (22).
EP06290158A 2005-02-25 2006-01-26 Actuation of variable geometry guide vanes of a turbomachine Active EP1696104B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR0501922A FR2882570B1 (en) 2005-02-25 2005-02-25 AUB CONTROL DEVICE WITH VARIABLE SHIFT IN A TURBOMACHINE

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EP1696104A2 (en) 2006-08-30
US20060285969A1 (en) 2006-12-21
US7530784B2 (en) 2009-05-12
EP1696104A3 (en) 2009-01-28
RU2006105379A (en) 2007-09-27
FR2882570B1 (en) 2007-04-13
RU2365765C2 (en) 2009-08-27
FR2882570A1 (en) 2006-09-01

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