EP1694794A1 - Promoteurs d'adhesion pour des materiaux polymeres thermoplastiques renforces par corde et composites de materiau polymere substrat/thermoplastique - Google Patents

Promoteurs d'adhesion pour des materiaux polymeres thermoplastiques renforces par corde et composites de materiau polymere substrat/thermoplastique

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Publication number
EP1694794A1
EP1694794A1 EP03781862A EP03781862A EP1694794A1 EP 1694794 A1 EP1694794 A1 EP 1694794A1 EP 03781862 A EP03781862 A EP 03781862A EP 03781862 A EP03781862 A EP 03781862A EP 1694794 A1 EP1694794 A1 EP 1694794A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
carbon
branched
straight chain
saturated
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EP03781862A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gary Wentworth
Zhi Chen
Stephen Semlow
Stephen O'rourke
Kimberly L. Stefanisin
John English
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Hallstar Innovations Corp
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CPH Innovations Corp
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Publication of EP1694794A1 publication Critical patent/EP1694794A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters

Definitions

  • thermoplastic polymeric materials including thermoplastic polymers and thermoplastic polymer alloys
  • substrates such as natural fabric substrates, glass substrates, synthetic polymeric fabric substrates, metal substrates and thermoplastic polymeric material substrates, particularly natural fabric cords, glass cords, synthetic polymeric cords, and metal cords.
  • thermoplastic polymeric materials including thermoplastic polymers and thermoplastic polymer alloys, can generally be processed using conventional plastics techniques, such as extrusion and injection molding.
  • thermoplastic polymeric materials are used in a wide variety of applications including, for example, the manufacture of cord-reinforced polymeric articles such as hoses, conveyor belts, power train belts, transmission belts, and the like.
  • the cord or fiber should be firmly bonded to the thermoplastic polymeric material. This is so whether the fiber is a natural or synthetic polymer, or metallic, and whether the thermoplastic polymeric material is a thermoplastic polymer or a thermoplastic polymer alloy.
  • the manufacture of cord-reinforced rubber-based articles, such as tires, is well known.
  • thermoplastic polymeric materials which provide desirable physical properties similar to rubbers, i.e., softness, flexibility, and resilience, and the processing advantages of such thermoplastic polymeric materials, other and better compositions and methods for promoting adhesion between thermoplastic polymeric materials and substrates such as reinforcing fibers are similarly needed.
  • long chain esters formed by reacting mono, di-, and/or tri-carboxylic acids containing one, two, or three C -C 24 long chain radicals or fatty acid residues, and alcohols containing a C 3 -C 24 alkyl group when added with an adhesive resin, such as a melamine-containing resin or a phenol-, e.g., resorcinol-containing resin, e.g., a novolak resin, unexpectedly increases adhesion between thermoplastic polymeric materials, such as thermoplastic polymers and thermoplastic polymer alloys, and a substrate, for example, cords or fibers used as reinforcing elements in hoses, conveyor belts, automotive drive train belts, including transmission belts, and the like.
  • an adhesive resin such as a melamine-containing resin or a phenol-, e.g., resorcinol-containing resin, e.g., a novolak resin
  • thermoplastic polymeric materials and various substrates Surprisingly good adhesion between thermoplastic polymeric materials and various substrates has been obtained by adding an adhesive resin and one or more long chain mono-, di-, and/or tri-esters, particularly dimerate esters reacted from C 18 fatty acids and C 3 -C 24 alcohols, preferably C 3 -C 18 alcohols, more preferably C -C ⁇ 8 alcohols.
  • the esters provide unexpected, tenacious bonding between the thermoplastic polymeric material and the substrate, when combined with an adhesive resin. It is theorized that the long chain esters of the invention strongly adhere both to the thermoplastic polymeric material and to the resin, with the resin providing sufficient ionic bonding to the reinforcing cords.
  • suitable substrates include metals such as steel, brass-coated steel, copper, brass and aluminum, synthetic polymers such as polyester and Aramid, synthetic textiles, natural textiles, glass, thermoplastic polymeric materials and the like.
  • metal cords such as steel cord, brass-coated steel cord and brass cord, synthetic polymeric cords such as polyester fiber cord and Aramid fiber cord, natural cords such as glass cord and cotton fiber cord, natural fabric substrates, synthetic polymeric fabric substrates, flat metal surfaces (or substrates), thermoplastic polymeric material substrates and the like.
  • One aspect of the invention provides cord-reinforced articles comprising a thermoplastic polymeric material, the article being characterized by good adhesion between the reinforcing cords or fibers and the thermoplastic polymeric material.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides methods of adhering a thermoplastic polymeric material to a substrate.
  • adheresion promoter system refers to the combination of at least one long chain ester compound and at least one adhesive resin. The adhesion promoter systems of the invention are useful for improving the adhesion of thermoplastic polymeric materials to various metal and polymeric substrates, particularly glass, metal and polymeric cords.
  • thermoplastic polymeric materials refers to polymeric materials which can generally be processed using conventional plastics techniques, such as extrusion and injection molding. Typically, such thermoplastic polymeric materials are selected from thermoplastic polymers and thermoplastic polymer alloys. In the adhesion promoter systems of the invention, long chain esters are typically added to thermoplastic polymeric materials with an adhesive resin.
  • the adhesion promoter systems may be added to a thermoplastic polymeric material(s) as a liquid in order to promote adhesion of the thermoplastic polymeric material to a substrate.
  • the adhesive resin(s) and long chain ester(s) can be solubilized in one or more suitable organic solvents.
  • the adhesive resin(s) and long chain ester(s) can be emulsified in water with one or more suitable emulsifying agents to form a water-based emulsion.
  • the water-based emulsions should have an HLB value of about 4 to about 5 for best ester dispersion in the emulsion.
  • the adhesion promoter has a number of advantages, particularly the ability to coat a substrate, such as a metal or polymeric substrate, with the liquid ester/resin adhesion promoter for adherence of an thermoplastic polymeric material to the substrate, without changing the composition thermoplastic polymeric material.
  • the liquid adhesion promoter can be added to the thermoplastic polymeric material composition for adhesion to a substrate, e.g., a metal, polymeric layer, film, or fibrous, e.g., fabric, substrate, or can be used to pre-treat, e.g., coat, the substrate, e.g., a metal or a polymeric layer, film, fibrous or fabric substrate for adhesion of the thermoplastic polymeric material thereto.
  • Suitable reactive diluents include (1) glycidyl ethers, (2) diglycidyl ethers; (3) aliphatic, straight chain epoxides; (4) epoxidized vegetable oils, particularly epoxidized soybean oil; (5) cycloaliphatic epoxies; (6) glycidyl esters, and (7) diglycidyl esters.
  • Examples include 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether; allyl glycidyl ether; dodecyl glycidyl ether; decyl glycidyl ether; iso-butyl glycidyl ether; n-butyl glycidyl ether; naphthyl glycidyl ether; tridecyl glycidyl ether; phenyl glycidyl either; 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether; C8-C10 aliphatic glycidyl ether; p-tertiary butyl phenyl glycidyl ether; nonyl phenyl glycidyl either; and phenyl glycidyl ether; (2) Diglycidyl ethers generally have a structural formula as follows:
  • a diol or mixtures of diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol, 2,2- dimethyl-l,3-propanediol, or mixtures.
  • R can also be an aromatic moiety, resulting in an epoxy structure that is the reaction product of glycidol with common bisphenols such as bisphenol A and bisphenol F.
  • Examples include 1 ,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether; bisphenol A diglycidyl ether; neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether; 1 ,4 butanediol diglycidyl either; cyclohexanedimethanol diglydidyl ether; polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether; polyethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether; dibromo neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether; trimethylopropane triglycidyl ether; castor oil triglycidyl ether; propoxylated glycerin triglycidyl ether; and sorbitol polyclycidyl either.
  • Cycloaliphatic epoxies such 1 ,2-cyclohexene oxide, 1 ,2-cyclopentene oxide, 1,2,3,4,-diepoxybutene, vinylcyclohexene dioxide, and the like, as well as those products marketed by Shell Oil under the brand name EPON ® , an example of which is shown below.
  • Glycidyl esters generally have a structural formula as follows:
  • R can also be straight chain aliphatic, containing one or more olefinic bonds.
  • R can also be aromatic, i.e., -phenyl or -toluyl.
  • glycidyl esters are reaction products of glycidol with carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, 2-ethylhexoic acid, benzoic acid, toluic acid (various isomers), oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, as well as mixtures of carboxylic acids.
  • carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, 2-ethylhexoic acid, benzoic acid, toluic acid (various isomers), oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, as well as mixtures of carboxylic acids.
  • Examples include glycidyl neodecanoate; acetic acid glycidyl ester; butyric acid glycidyl ester; propionic acid glycidyl ester; valeric acid glycidyl ester; caproic acid glycidyl ester; capric acid glycidyl ester; caprylic acid glycidyl ester; lauric acid glycidyl ester; and glycidyl ester of linoleic acid or of linolenic acid.
  • Diglycidyl esters generally have a structural formula as follows:
  • R can also be aromatic.
  • These diglycidyl esters are reaction products of glycidol with dicarboxylic acids such as malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and one or more dimer acids.
  • the reactive diluent is typically included in an amount between about 0.5% and about 50% by weight, usually between about
  • adhesion promoter i.e., adhesive resin plus ester
  • the substrate can be pretreated with the resin component of the adhesion promoter system (known in the art as an "isocyanate pretreatment").
  • the resin- treated substrate can subsequently be treated with the ester component of the adhesion promoter system for improved adherence of the thermoplastic polymeric material to the substrate.
  • the resin-treated substrate cam be ester treated in any manner, preferably by dipping or coating the resin-treated substrate with an organic solution of the ester or a water- based emulsion containing the ester.
  • the adhesion promoter systems can also be mixed with a preferably inert, dry carrier, such as calcium silicate, to form an alternative delivery system, which can be incorporated into thermoplastic polymeric material(s). In such systems, the dry, inert carrier facilitates delivery of the active adhesion promoting agents to the thermoplastic polymeric material(s).
  • a representative adhesion promoter system utilizing a dry carrier, RX- 13845 was prepared by adding preheated Cyrez CRA 138 resin liquid to a dry carrier (substrate) contained in a mixing bowl, followed by addition of preheated RX-13804. The materials were mixed at low speed for 3 minutes. The materials were blended for an additional 3 minutes. RX-13845 permits liquids to be handled as powders. Because the active adhesion promoter is released is released from the carrier, incorporation of RX-13845 into a thermoplastic polymeric material composition allows the adhesion promoter to function in the same manner as if it had been incorporated into thermoplastic polymeric material composition as a neat material.
  • the adhesion promoters may be formulated as a "polymer masterbatch.”
  • a pellet comprising a polymer (about 6 wt.% to about 20 wt.%), a filler or other similar inert ingredients (about 0 wt.% to about 14 wt.%), with the balance being an adhesion promoter system (i.e., at least one ester compound in accordance with formulas I-IV and at least one adhesive resin such as melamine) is added to a thermoplastic polymeric material to improve adhesion of the material to a substrate.
  • an adhesion promoter system i.e., at least one ester compound in accordance with formulas I-IV and at least one adhesive resin such as melamine
  • the masterbatch polymer and the thermoplastic polymeric material to which the masterbatch polymer is added are miscible.
  • the masterbatch polymer and the thermoplastic polymeric material are the same.
  • the adhesion promoter systems are generally used in an amount between about 0.2% by weight and about 30% by weight.
  • the ester and adhesive resin components of an adhesion promoter system of the invention are both present in an amount between about 0.1 % and about 15% by weight, usually between about 1 wt.% and about 10 wt.%, and most preferably between about 2 wt.% and about 8 wt.%, based on the weight of thermoplastic polymeric material in the composition. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value to "about” or “approximately” another particular value.
  • the long chain esters may be monoesters, diesters, triesters, or mixtures thereof, that may include saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, straight chain or branched, having none, one, two or three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chains.
  • the monoesters have a formula I, as follows: O R 2 -C-O-R 1
  • R 1 is a C 3 -C 24 alkyl, preferably C 3 -C ⁇ 8 alkyl, more preferably C 6 -C ⁇ 8 alkyl, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds; and,
  • R 2 is a C 3 -C 24 hydrocarbon, preferably C 6 -C 24 hydrocarbon, more preferably C 8 -C 18 hydrocarbon, saturated or unsaturated having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
  • R 5 and R 7 are C -C 24 alkyl, preferably C 6 -C 4 alkyl, more preferably C 8 -C 18 alkyl, straight chain or branched, either saturated or containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
  • R 6 and R 8 are C -C 24 alkyl, preferably C -C ⁇ 8 alkyl, more preferably C 6 - C] 8 alkyl, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to- carbon double bonds; and
  • R 10 and R 1 ' are C 3 -C 24 saturated hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 3 -C ⁇ _ saturated hydrocarbon chains, more preferably C 6 -Cj 8 saturated hydrocarbon chains, straight chain or branched; or unsaturated C 3 -C 24 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C -Cj 8 unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, more preferably C 6 -C] 8 unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, straight chain or branched, containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
  • the triesters have a formula IV, as follows:
  • R 12 , R 14 and R 18 are C 3 -C 24 alkyl, preferably C 6 -C 24 alkyl, more preferably C 8 -C ⁇ 8 alkyl, straight chain or branched, either saturated or containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds;
  • R 13 , R 15 and R 19 are C 3 -C 24 alkyl, preferably C 3 -C 18 alkyl, more preferably C 6 -C ⁇ 8 alkyl, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon- to- carbon double bonds; and
  • R 16 , R 17 and R 20 are C 3 -C 24 saturated hydrocarbon chains, preferably C - C ⁇ _ saturated hydrocarbon chains, more preferably C 6 -C ⁇ 8 saturated hydrocarbon chains, straight chain or branched; or unsaturated C -C 24 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 3 -C ⁇ 8 unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, more preferably C 6 -C ⁇ 8 unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, straight chain or branched, containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
  • the fatty acid residues or hydrocarbon chains R 2 , R 5 , R 7 , R 12 , R 14 and R 18 of the esters of formulas I, II, III, and IV can be any C -C 24 hydrocarbon chain, preferably any C 6 -C 24 hydrocarbon chain, more preferably any C 8 -C 18 hydrocarbon chain, either saturated or containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds, and can be derived from animal or vegetable fatty acids such as butter; lard; tallow; grease; herring; menhaden; pilchard; sardine; babassu; castor; coconut; com; cottonseed; jojoba; linseed; oiticica; olive; palm; palm kernel; peanut; rapeseed; safflower; soya; sunflower; tall; and/or tung.
  • animal or vegetable fatty acids such as butter; lard; tallow; grease; herring; menhaden; pilchard; s
  • Examples are the hydrocarbon chain residues from the following fatty acids, where the number in parentheses indicates the number of carbon atoms, and the number of double bonds, e.g., (C 24-6 ) indicates a hydrocarbon chain having 24 carbon atoms and 6 double bonds: Hexanoic (C 6-0 ); Octanoic (C -0 ); Decanoic (C 10- o); Dodecanoic (C12-0); 9-Dodecenoic (CIS) (C 12- ⁇ ); Tetradecanoic (C 14-0 ); 9-Tetradecenoic (CIS) (C 14-1 ); Hexadecanoic (CIS) (C 16-0 ); 9- Hexadecenoic (CIS) (C ⁇ 6- ⁇ ); Octadecanoic (C ⁇ 8-0 ); 9-Octadecenoic (CIS) (C ⁇ 8- ⁇ ); 9- Octadecenoic, 12-Hydroxy-(CIS) (C ⁇ 8-2 ); 9, 12-Oct
  • diesters falling within formula II include the saturated diester formed by the reaction of sebacic acid with tridecyl alcohol, and the unsaturated diester formed by reaction of sebacic alcohol with oleyl alcohol:
  • Useful cyclic diesters falling within formula III include dimerate ester structures formed by the reaction of a C 6 dimer acid derived from tall oil fatty acids and C 3 -C 24 , preferably C 3 -C ⁇ 8 , more preferably C 6 -C ⁇ _ alcohol, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
  • cyclic esters include the following structures, wherein the dimer acid conesponding to structure A is formed by self reaction of linoleic acid, the dimer acid corresponding to structure B is formed by reacting linoleic acid with oleic acid, and the dimer acid corresponding to structure C is formed by reacting linoleic acid with linolenic acid:
  • each R, same or different, in formulas (A), (B), and (C) is a C 3 -C 24 alkyl, preferably C -C ⁇ 8 alkyl, more preferably C 6 -C ⁇ _ alkyl, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
  • Another example of a useful unsaturated diester is formed by the reaction of a predominantly C 36 dimer acid reacted with 2-ethylhexyl alcohol.
  • An additional useful unsaturated diester (dimerate ester) is formed by the reaction of a predominantly C 36 dimer acid with tridecyl alcohol.
  • a representative example of the tri ester (trimerate ester) of formula IV is the following structure (D):
  • each R , R , and R is a C 3 -C 24 radical, preferably C 3 -C ⁇ 8 , more preferably C 6 -C 18 , straight chain, or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
  • a particularly useful blend of long chain esters is formed from blends of mono, dimer, and trimer acids, for example, products having CAS#: 61788-89-4.
  • Esters prepared from such products are blends including, primarily, the above C 36 and C 54 dimerate and trimerate esters (A), (B), (C) and (D), shown in the above structures, that is predominantly (more than 50%) by weight) the C 36 dimerate esters (A), (B) and (C).
  • Blends of useful polybasic acids that can be reacted with C 3 - C 24 , preferably C -C 18 , more preferably C 6 -C 8 alcohols, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated containing 1 to 3 carbon-to-carbon double bonds to produce the dimerate and trimerate esters, as blends, include the following: EMPOL ® 1010 Dimer Acid; EMPOL ® 1014 Dimer Acid; EMPOL ® 1016 Dimer Acid; EMPOL ® 1018 Dimer Acid; EMPOL ® 1022 Dimer Acid; EMPOL ® 1024 Dimer Acid; EMPOL ® 1040 Trimer Acid; EMPOL ® 1041 Trimer Acid; EMPOL ® 1052 Polybasic Acid; and similar PRIPOLTM products from Uniqema as well as UNIDYME ® products from Arizona Chemical.
  • Particularly useful long chain ester additives are made by reacting any of the long chain mono, dimer and/or trimer acids with one or more straight chain or branched C -C 24 , preferably C 3 -C ⁇ 8 , more preferably C 6 -C ⁇ 8 alcohols to produce the esters of formulas I, II, III and IV.
  • the above dimer, trimer, and polybasic acids are produced by dimerizing, trimerizing, and polymerizing (oligomerizing) long chain carboxylic acids, particularly from the above-mentioned tall oil fatty acids.
  • Tall oil fatty acids are often mixtures.
  • the dimer acid produced by dimerizing a C 18 carboxylic acid typically, a mixture of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic
  • a C 18 carboxylic acid typically, a mixture of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic
  • the dimer acid produced by dimerizing a C 18 carboxylic acid typically, a mixture of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic
  • the dimer acid produced by dimerizing a C 18 carboxylic acid typically, a mixture of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic
  • the dimer acid produced by dimerizing a C 18 carboxylic acid typically, a mixture of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic
  • the dimer acid produced by dimerizing a C 18 carboxylic acid typically
  • any one, or any blend, of the esters of formulas I, II, III and/or IV, when combined with an adhesive resin, will function to increase the adhesion of thermoplastic polymeric materials to metal cords, polymeric cords, metal substrates, polymeric substrates including woven polymeric fabrics and non-woven polymeric fabrics, other metal substrates such as metal flat stock materials, and other thermoplastic polymeric materials.
  • the adhesion promoters include an adhesive resin, which preferably is a condensation product of a formaldehyde or methylene donor and a formaldehyde or methylene acceptor, either pre-condensed, or condensed in-situ while in contact with the thermoplastic polymeric material.
  • methylene donor is intended to mean a compound capable of reacting with a methylene acceptor (such as resorcinol or its equivalent containing a reactive hydroxyl group) and generate the resin outside of the thermoplastic polymeric material composition, or in-situ.
  • a methylene acceptor such as resorcinol or its equivalent containing a reactive hydroxyl group
  • the components of the condensation product include a methylene acceptor and a methylene donor.
  • the most commonly employed methylene acceptor is a phenol, such as resorcinol, while the most commonly employed methylene donor is a melamine, such as N-(substituted oxymethyl)melamine.
  • methylene donors which are suitable for use in the thermoplastic polymeric material compositions disclosed herein include melamine, hexamethylenetetramine, hexaethoxymethylmelamine, hexamethoxymethylmelamine, lauryloxymethyl-pyridinium chloride, ethoxy-methylpyridinium chloride, trioxan hexamethoxy-methylmelamine, the hydroxy groups of which may be esterified or partly esterified, and polymers of formaldehyde, such as paraformaldehyde.
  • the methylene donors may be N-substituted oxymethylmelamines, of the general formula:
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and the group -CH 2 OX.
  • Specific methylene donors include hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine; N,N',N"trimethyl/N,N',N"-trimethylol-melamine; hexamethylolmelamine; N,N',N"- dimethylolmelamine; N-methylol-melamine; NN'-dimethylolmelamine; N,N',N"- tris(methoxymethyl)melamine; and N,N',N"-tributyl-N,N',N"-trimethylol-melamine.
  • the N- methylol derivatives of melamine are prepared by known methods.
  • the amount of methylene donor and methylene acceptor, pre-condensed or condensed in-situ, that are present in the thermoplastic polymeric material composition may vary. Typically, the amount of pre-condensed methylene donor and methylene acceptor is present will range from about 0.1 wt.% to about 15.0 wt.%; or each can be added separately in an amount of about 1 wt.% to about 10.0 wt.%, based on the weight of thermoplastic polymeric material in the composition.
  • the amount of each of a methylene donor and methylene acceptor added for in-situ condensation ranges from about 2.0 wt.% to about 8.0 wt.%, based on the weight of thermoplastic polymeric material in the composition.
  • the weight ratio of methylene donor to the methylene acceptor may vary. Generally speaking, the weight ratio will range from about 1:10 to about 10:1. Preferably, the weight ratio ranges from about 1:3 to 3:1.
  • Resorcinol-free adhesive resins also are useful in the thermoplastic polymeric material compositions described herein.
  • resorcinol-free adhesive resins and adhesive compounds useful in the adhesion promoter systems include those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,891,938 and 5,298,539, both hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the '938 patent discloses a self-condensing alkylated triazine resin having high imino and/or methylol functionality.
  • 5,298,539 discloses additives which are substituted derivatives based on cyclic nitrogen compounds such as melamine, acetoguanamine, cyclohexylguanamine, benzoguanamine, and similar alkyl, aryl or aralkyl substituted melamines, glycoluril and oligomers of these compounds.
  • cyclic nitrogen compounds such as melamine, acetoguanamine, cyclohexylguanamine, benzoguanamine, and similar alkyl, aryl or aralkyl substituted melamines, glycoluril and oligomers of these compounds.
  • the adhesive resins and adhesive compounds which are useful as the adhesive resins in the thermoplastic polymeric material compositions described herein include the following: adhesive resins selected from the group consisting of derivatives of melamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine, cyclohexylguanamine and glycoluril monomers and oligomers of these monomers, which have been substituted on average at two or more positions on the monomer or on each unit of the oligomer with vinyl terminated radicals, the thermoplastic polymeric material composition being free of resorcinol; and, these derivatives which have been further substituted on average at one or more positions with a radical which comprises carbamylmethyl or amidomethyl.
  • the adhesive resin can be any of the compounds of the following formulas:
  • Y is selected from methyl, phenyl and cyclohexyl, and, on average, at least two R are -CH .
  • R 4 is a C ⁇ -C ⁇ g alkyl, alicyclic, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or aromatic radical, and in the oligomers, P is 2 to about 10, and L is methylene or the radical — CH 2 — O— CH 2 — .
  • These adhesive compounds are particularly useful, wherein on average at least one R in each monomer or in each oligomerized unit is — NH — C(O) — OR 4 , icularly the compounds of the following formulas
  • adhesive resins and compounds can include additional additives, particularly those selected from hydroxymethylated and alkoxymethylated (alkoxy having 1-5 carbon atoms) derivatives of melamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine, cyclohexylguanamine and glycoluril and their oligomers.
  • Additional adhesive resins useful in the thermoplastic polymeric material compositions described herein include self-condensing alkylated triazine resins selected from the group consisting of (i), (ii), and (iii): (i) a self-condensing alkylated triazine resin having at least one of imino or methylol functionality and represented by the formula (I) (ii) an oligomer of (i), or (iii) a mixture of (i) and (ii), wherein Z is -N(R)(CH 2 OR 1 ), aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an acetyl group, each R is independently hydrogen or -CH 2 OR 1 , and each R 1 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, provided that at least one R is hydrogen or -CH 2 OH and at least one R 1 is selected from the alkyl group; and wherein the thermoplastic polymeric material composition is
  • adhesive resins are particularly useful wherein at least one R group is hydrogen and/or wherein at least one R 1 group is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly where the adhesive resin is a derivative of melamine, benzoguanamine, cyclohexylguanamine, or acetoguanamine, or an oligomer thereof.
  • One particularly useful alkylated triazine adhesive resin of the above formula is wherein Z is -N(R)(CH 2 OR 1 ).
  • Another manner of eliminating resorcinol in an adhesive resin for the thermoplastic polymeric material compositions disclosed herein, is to use N-(substituted oxymethyl)melamine and at least one of ⁇ - or ⁇ -naphthol.
  • This adhesive resin employs the monohydric phenols, - or ⁇ -naphthol, as methylene acceptors in the resin forming reaction in the absence of resorcinol.
  • Other adhesive resins useful in the thermoplastic polymeric material compositions described herein include special latices such as, for example, a vinyl-pyridine latex (VP latex) which is a copolymer of about 70 wt.% butadiene, about 15 wt.% styrene and about 15 wt.% 2-vinylpyridine; acrylonitrile rubber latices; and styrene-butadiene rubber latices. These can be used as such or in combination with one another.
  • VP latex vinyl-pyridine latex
  • acrylonitrile rubber latices acrylonitrile rubber latices
  • styrene-butadiene rubber latices styrene-butadiene rubber latices.
  • Another suitable adhesive resin useful herein, particularly for polyesters, are those which are applied in multi-stage processes, for instance a blocked isocyanate being applied in combination with polyepoxide and the material then being treated using customary resorcinol-formaldehyde resins (RFL dip).
  • Additional useful adhesive resins include combinations of RFL dips with other adhesion- promoting substances such as, for example, a reaction product of triallyl cyanurate, resorcinol and formaldehyde or p-chlorophenol, resorcinol and formaldehyde.
  • Suitable adhesive resins include polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, phenol aldehyde resins, polyhydric phenol aldehyde resins, phenol furfural resins, xylene aldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, alkyd resins, polyester resins, and the like.
  • At least one ester compound in accordance with formulas I-IV is combined with an adhesive resin in a weight ratio between about 10 parts ester to about 1 part adhesive resin (i.e., a ratio of about 10:1, ester to resin, respectively) and about 1 part ester to about 10 parts resin (i.e., a ratio of about 1 :10, ester to resin, respectively). More preferably, the esters are combined with an adhesive resin in a weight ratio between about 4 parts ester to about 1 part adhesive resin and about 1 part ester to about 4 parts resin. Most preferably, the ratio of ester to adhesive resin is approximately one to one. As previously described, the adhesion promoter systems can be used to adhere thermoplastic polymeric materials to various substrates.
  • thermoplastic polymeric materials are selected from thermoplastic polymers and thermoplastic polymer alloys.
  • thermoplastic polymeric material compositions described herein are characterized in that the surfaces of the thermoplastic polymeric material compositions are improved to provide a high adhering ability to various substrates.
  • thermoplastic polymers generally include synthetic high polymers that soften when exposed to heat and return to their original state when cooled to room temperature.
  • thermoplastic polymers which may be adhered to various substrates using the adhesion promoter systems described herein include polyvinyl chloride, nylons, propylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers such as, for example, ethylene/propylene copolymers and ethylene/1-octene copolymers, polyurethane prepolymers, polystyrenes such as styrene/ethylene block copolymers and hydrogenated styrene/butadiene block copolymers, cellulosic resins, acrylic resins, and combinations thereof.
  • the adhesion promoter systems and methods are used to adhere thermoplastics such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, propylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers, ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers, block copolymers of styrene with ethylene, hydrogenated styrene/butadiene block copolymers, and combinations thereof to various substrates.
  • thermoplastics such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, propylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers, ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers, block copolymers of styrene with ethylene, hydrogenated styrene/butadiene block copolymers, and combinations thereof to various substrates.
  • the adhesion promoter systems described herein are used to adhere thermoplastic polymeric materials comprising polyvinyl chloride, ethylene/1-octene copolymers or polypropylene blended with ethylene/propylene copolymers.
  • thermoplastic polymer alloy refers to compositions comprising a thermoplastic polymer, as defined herein, and a second component.
  • the second component is typically an elastomer, for example, a natural or synthetic rubber.
  • thermoplastic polymer alloy includes thermoplastic vulcanizates and thermoplastic elastomers, as these terms are conventionally understood.
  • the elastomer component can be vulcanized but this is not necessary. If the elastomer component is vulcanized, a suitable vulcanizing agent for vulcanizing the elastomer component can be added to the composition. Rubbers useful in the thermoplastic polymer alloy compositions described herein can be natural rubbers (NR) and/or synthetic rubbers.
  • Synthetic rubbers include homopolymers of conjugated diene compounds, such as isoprene, butadiene, chloroprene and the like, for example, polyisoprene rubber (IR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), polychloroprene rubber and the like; copolymers of the above described conjugated diene compounds with vinyl compounds, such as styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl pyridine, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates and the like, for example, styrene-butadiene copolymeric rubber (SBR), vinylpyridine-butadiene-styrene copolymeric rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymeric rubber, acrylic acid-butadiene copolymeric rubber, methacrylic acid-butadiene copolymeric rubber, methyl acrylate-butadiene copolymeric rubber, methyl methacrylate- butadiene cop
  • halides of the above-described various rubbers for example, chlorinated isobutylene-isoprene copolymeric rubber (CI-IIR), brominated isobutylene-isoprene copolymeric rubber (Br-IIR), fluorinated polyethylene, and the like are included.
  • CI-IIR chlorinated isobutylene-isoprene copolymeric rubber
  • Br-IIR brominated isobutylene-isoprene copolymeric rubber
  • fluorinated polyethylene and the like
  • the present invention can be applied to other rubbers. All these rubbers may be kneaded with compounding agents conventionally used for compounding with rubber, for example, fillers, such as carbon black, silica, calcium carbonate, lignin and the like, softening agents, such as mineral oils, vegetable oils, prior to vulcanization and then vulcanized.
  • thermoplastic polymeric material compositions described herein can be compounded by methods generally known, such as mixing the thermoplastic polymeric materials with various commonly used additive materials such as, for example, processing additives, such as oils, resins including tackifying resins and plasticizers, fillers, pigments, fatty acids, waxes and antioxidants.
  • processing additives such as oils, resins including tackifying resins and plasticizers, fillers, pigments, fatty acids, waxes and antioxidants.
  • the adhesion promoter systems of the invention are useful for improving the adhesion of thermoplastic polymeric materials to various metal and polymeric substrates, particularly glass, metal and polymeric cords.
  • Thermoplastic polymeric materials, the surface of which has been treated with the adhesion promoter systems described herein can be easily adhered to the other materials, particularly metals and polymers, particularly in cord form.
  • Substrates which are contemplated for use in the inventive compositions and methods include metal and polymeric layers, films, sheets, fibers, yarns and/or fabrics, including textiles, polyesters, and Aramid fibers. Adhesion of a first thermoplastic polymeric material composition to a second thermoplastic polymeric material composition is also contemplated.
  • Metals for use in the invention include steel, brass-coated steel, brass, copper and aluminum. Adhesion to glass substrates, including glass cord, can also be improved. Application of the adhesion promoters of the invention is particularly contemplated with metal cords such as steel cord, brass-coated steel cord, brass cord, polyester fiber cord, Aramid fiber cord, glass cord, flat fabric surfaces, flat metal surfaces, and the like.
  • polymeric "cord” or “cords” is intended to include reinforcing elements used in thermoplastic polymeric material products including fibers, continuous filaments, yarns, fabrics and the like, particularly cords for use in manufacturing cord-reinforced articles.
  • Reinforcing cords comprising a plurality of substantially continuous fibers or monofilaments, including glass compositions, polyesters, polyamides and a number of other materials, are useful for the reinforcing cords for thermoplastic polymeric material compositions and products, and are well known in the art.
  • One of the prefened glasses to use is a glass known as E glass and is described in "Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires," Clark, National Bureau of Standards Monograph 122, U.S. Dept.
  • the number of filaments or fibers employed in the reinforcing cord can vary considerably depending on the ultimate use or service requirements.
  • the adhesive promoters of the invention can be used in numerous applications, including bonding steel braid fibers to the thermoplastic polymeric material of hoses.
  • the adhesion promoters described herein are very effective in promoting bonding between thermoplastic polymeric material and brass, for example between a thermoplastic polymeric material and brass-coated steel.
  • the brass typically has a copper content of from 60 to 70% by weight, more especially from 63 to 68% by weight, with the optimum percentage depending on the particular conditions under which the bond is formed.
  • the brass coating on brass-coated steel can have a thickness of, for example, from 0.05 to 1 micrometer, preferably from 0.07 to 0.7 micrometer, for example from 0.15 to 0.4 micrometer.
  • the long chain ester additive/resin combinations (i.e., adhesion promoter systems) described herein are also particularly useful to adhere thermoplastic polymeric material to steel cord, where conventional adhesive pretreatment has been largely ineffective.
  • Thermoplastic polymeric material can also be bonded effectively to alloys of copper and zinc containing small amounts of one or more other metals, for example cobalt, nickel or iron.
  • cobalt compounds For bonding thermoplastic polymeric material to zinc, as for example in bonding thermoplastic polymeric material to zinc-coated steel cords (which are widely used in the manufacture of conveyor belting), cobalt compounds have been used as adhesion promoters. Examples of such compounds are cobalt naphthenate and the cobalt-boron complexes described in GB 2 022 089 A. Use of such additional adhesion promoters is also contemplated in conjunction with the adhesion promoter systems of the invention. The invention may be better understood by reference to the following examples in which parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
  • Table I compares the effectiveness of adhesion promoter systems comprising dimerate esters in accordance with the disclosure in promoting adhesion of a representative thermoplastic polymeric material (polyester polyurethane) to various fabric substrates. More specifically, according to this example, representative adhesion promoters were evaluated for promoting polyester polyurethane adhesion to cord or fabric. Additionally, whereas RX- 13928 is a liquid system, RX-13845 and RX-13946 are adhesion promoter systems consisting of 36 wt.% RX-13804, 36 wt.% resin (either Cyrez CRA-138 Resin or Resimene 3520, both liquids at room temperature), and 28% substrate (synthetic calcium silicate).
  • thermoplastic polymeric material a polyester polyurethane compound
  • the results demonstrate a significant improvement in adhesion of a thermoplastic polymeric material (a polyester polyurethane compound) to untreated polyester fibers, isocyanate treated polyester fibers, untreated aramid fibers, isocyanate treated aramid fibers, untreated nylon fibers, and isocyanate treated nylon fibers.
  • the data is set forth in Table I, Examples 1-4. Table I
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4
  • Table III compares the effectiveness of adhesion promoter systems comprising dimerate esters and reactive diluents in accordance with the disclosure in promoting adhesion of a representative thermoplastic polymeric material (polyvinyl chloride) to various fabric substrates. More specifically, according to this example, representative adhesion promoters were evaluated for polyvinyl chloride adhesion to cord or fabric. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in adhesion of a thermoplastic polymeric material (a polyvinyl chloride compound) to untreated polyester fibers and isocyanate treated polyester fibers. The data is set forth in Table III, Examples 9-11. Table III
  • Adhesion Promoter systems were evaluated to determine their effect on adhesion of cords to thermoplastic polymeric materials, when combined with an adhesive resin. The following method was used to determine the relative strip-peel adhesion of reinforcing fibers, including natural and manmade filaments and spun yarns, to various thermoplastic polymeric materials. This method is conventionally used with industrial weight fibers of 500 denier or greater.
  • PROCEDURE An ASTM 429 mold was placed in a compression press (capable of achieving temperatures between 250°F and about 400°F, and a pressure of about 125 tons) and the temperature was set at temperature sufficient to melt the thermoplastic material, e.g., about 340 °F. The press was maintained within the specified temperature range for about 30 minutes. Three strips of 3" wide masking tape (a suitable masking tape is #515 Masking Tape, Anchor Continental, Inc. Columbia, SC), with adhesive side out, were wrapped around the rotatable cylinder. The three strips were overlapped to achieve a tape backing having a total width of about 7". Six 1" wide fiber samples were wrapped onto the tape backing. The same or different yarn samples can be wound onto each tape backing.
  • a suitable masking tape is #515 Masking Tape, Anchor Continental, Inc. Columbia, SC
  • Each fiber or cord sample should be wound, however, such that there is no overlapping of fibers and no space between adjacent fibers.
  • three strips of each fiber sample were prepared and tested. The fibers were secured with 1 " wide masking tape, and the strips were marked A, B, C, D, E, and F.
  • the six wound samples were removed from the cylinder by cutting across the cylinder. A 5" X 7" piece of thermoplastic polymeric material to be tested, which has been milled to a specified thickness (0.250 ⁇ 0.20 inches), was cut.
  • the mold surface which will be in contact with the fiber assembly was cleaned with n-heptane.
  • the preheated mold was removed from the press.
  • the fiber samples were placed at the bottom mold plate with the masking tape backing face down, and the fibers facing up.
  • a 1" X 7" strip of aluminum foil was placed on the back edge of the fiber samples so that the fibers are perpendicular to the aluminum foil and about one inch of their length covers the aluminum foil strip. Each strip has a specified position in the press.
  • the cleaned 5" X 7" thermoplastic polymeric material slab was then on top on the fiber assembly.
  • the preheated top mold plate was placed on top of the samples to form a sandwich of mold top plate, thermoplastic polymeric material compound, aluminum foil, yarn samples, tape and bottom plate. This sandwich is then placed in the preheated compression press and a pressure of about 125 tons is applied.
  • the mold assembly was removed from the press at the end of the cure time. It is important not to disturb the fiber composite while separating the pad from the mold plates.
  • the pad was placed in cold water to expedite the cooling process.
  • the pad was cooled to ambient temperature prior to marking the pad for identification.
  • the adhesion pad should sit for an extended period ("conditioning period"), e.g., overnight, prior to cutting into the 1" x 5" strips for adhesion testing.
  • condition period e.g., overnight
  • As much of the aluminum foil strip as possible was removed to give a starting separation between the fiber sample and the thermoplastic polymeric material compound. The foil can be left in place if too difficult to remove.
  • each 5" x 7" thermoplastic polymeric material section was cut into six 1" x 5" strips such that only one fiber to be tested is contained in each strip.
  • RX-13804 Di(2-ethylhexyl) dimerate (Empol 1016) The C. P. Hall Company RX-13977 RX-13804, 35%, Resimene 3520, 35%, The C. P. Hall Company Glycidyl ether of 8,10 alcohol (from CVC Specialty Chemicals), 30%
  • Table V is a summary of the solvent solubilities of a representative adhesive resin, melamine (Resimene 3520) and a representative ester, RX-13804 (di-2- ethylhexyl dimerate) for use in selecting solvents capable of solubilizing both the ester and the resin in making a liquid solution of the adhesion promoter.
  • the solubilities were only determined at 1 :1 mixtures of solvent to dimerate/melamine. If both the samples were soluble in the solvent, the solutions were again mixed at a 1 : 1 ratio of dimerate + solvent to Melamine + solvent.
  • the samples provide complete solubility of both dimerate ester and Melamine resin so long as the composition is at a 13% by weight or greater percent solvent level.
  • any suitable emulsifying/dispersing agents can be used that are capable of forming a stable emulsion. Since the esters have a very low polarity and the resins have a very high polarity, if both the ester and resin are emulsified in a water- based carrier, generally a combination of emulsifying agents is needed to provide a homogeneous, stable emulsion in water. It has been found that the water-based emulsions should have a hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) in the range of about 4 to about 5 for best emulsification.
  • HLB hydrophile/lipophile balance
  • Particular combinations of emulsifying agents found to be especially effective in providing a homogeneous, stable water-based emulsion of the dimerate esters and adhesive resin include a combination of an anionic metal stearate, e.g., potassium stearate for the ester, and a non-ionic sorbitan oleate for the adhesive resin, as shown in the following emulsion preparation guide: RX-13804 49 Stearic acid 0.2 KOH (45%) 0 1 j K Stearate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition de matière polymère thermoplastique comprenant une matière polymère thermoplastique sélectionnée dans le groupe comprenant: un polymère thermoplastique et un alliage de polymères thermoplastiques, une résine adhésive, et un ester à chaîne longue, en particulier un ester dimérate et un ester trimérate, permettant une adhésion inattendue sur des substrat, notamment des substrats en tissu naturel, des substrats en tissu polymère synthétique, des substrats métalliques et des substrats en matière polymère thermoplastique, en particulier des cordes naturelles, des cordes polymères synthétiques, des cordes métalliques et des cordes vitreuses, à utiliser dans des articles renforcés par de la corde, notamment des tuyaux flexibles, des courroies de transport, des courroies de transmission et analogues.
EP03781862A 2003-11-12 2003-11-12 Promoteurs d'adhesion pour des materiaux polymeres thermoplastiques renforces par corde et composites de materiau polymere substrat/thermoplastique Withdrawn EP1694794A1 (fr)

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JPS5143515B2 (fr) * 1973-02-16 1976-11-22
US4550147A (en) * 1982-03-10 1985-10-29 The Toyo Rubber Industry Co., Ltd. Rubber composition with trithiol triazine and cobalt salt
DE3313236A1 (de) * 1983-04-13 1984-10-18 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Loesungsmittelhaltige, vernetzerhaltige beschichtungszubereitungen und ihre verwendung zur thermoaktiven einstrich-umkehrbeschichtung
JP2000212335A (ja) * 1999-01-21 2000-08-02 Bridgestone Corp ゴム組成物

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CA2545411A1 (fr) 2005-06-23

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