EP1692923A2 - Undulator and method for operation thereof - Google Patents

Undulator and method for operation thereof

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Publication number
EP1692923A2
EP1692923A2 EP04820401A EP04820401A EP1692923A2 EP 1692923 A2 EP1692923 A2 EP 1692923A2 EP 04820401 A EP04820401 A EP 04820401A EP 04820401 A EP04820401 A EP 04820401A EP 1692923 A2 EP1692923 A2 EP 1692923A2
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
undulator
partial
field
undulators
current
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EP04820401A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1692923B1 (en
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Robert Rossmanith
Uwe Schindler
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to undulators which serve as a source for electromagnetic radiation - hereinafter also referred to as light - which is generated from a particle stream (for example from electrons) which passes through the undulator, and to a method for operating an undulator.
  • Undulators are used in particular for the generation of X-rays in synchrotron radiation sources.
  • the first solution leads to complex mechanical constructions in order to allow the magnets to move under the strong forces that occur there.
  • the Berlin electron synchrotron BESSY uses permanent magnet undulators with a mechanically changeable polarization direction.
  • a variant of this technique is disclosed in JP 103 02 999 A.
  • the second solution is only of limited use in normal operation, e.g. B. at low radiation energies, and therefore of no practical importance.
  • a superconducting undulator is to be specified which allows the setting and changing of the direction of polarization of the synchrotron radiation without mechanical movement. This should, for example, be able to switch the direction of polarization of the synchrotron radiation from linear to circular or to change the helicity direction, the helicity describing the direction of rotation of the electric field.
  • the idea on which the invention is based is to switch the direction of polarization of the emitted synchrotron radiation by designing the conductor arrangement of a superconducting undulator such that the direction of polarization is changed by changing the Current direction in the superconducting conductor arrangement without mechanical
  • Movements can be set or changed. With these precautions, the direction of polarization of the emitted radiation can be switched from linear to cyclic or the helicity changed.
  • an undulator according to the invention The basic structure of an undulator according to the invention is explained with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the operation of an undulator according to the invention with a variable polarization direction is based on the attachment of two different conductor arrangements (windings) made of superconducting material, which can be supplied with current independently of one another.
  • An undulator according to the invention accordingly consists of two superconducting partial undulators, namely a) a first partial undulator, through whose superconducting material with a high current carrying capacity the current Ii flows and which is also referred to as an inner undulator in relation to its distance from the electron beam E, and b) from a second partial undulator, through the superconducting * material of high current carrying capacity, the current I 2 flows and which is ⁇ larger than the first partial undulator from the electron beam E and is therefore also referred to as an outer undulator, where allow the two currents Ii and I 2 to be set independently of one another.
  • the second partial undulator has a conductor arrangement essentially in the x direction and, according to the prior art, generates an undulator field which is essentially oriented in the z direction.
  • a particle stream (electron beam) that would pass through this undulator in the y direction would produce linearly polarized light.
  • the conductor arrangement of the first partial undulator is designed in such a way that its conductor has an angle in the range between 15 ° and 75 °, preferably between 30 ° and 60 °, particularly preferably approximately 30 °, approximately 45 ° or approximately 60 °, both to the conductors of the second partial undulator, which are arranged in the x direction, and to the direction of the electron beam, which is arranged in the y direction.
  • an undulator field is generated in the first partial undulator which, like in the second partial undulator, has a component in the z direction, but also a component other than zero in the x direction.
  • the radiation generated with it is circularly polarized and has a certain helicity.
  • a superconducting undulator according to the invention is operated as follows: First, a first current with a value I 1 is switched on, which flows through the superconductor of the first (inner) partial undulator, whereby circularly polarized light of a certain direction is generated. In general, however, this direction does not match the desired helicity for the circular radiation. In order to achieve a match, a second current with a value I 2 is switched on, which flows through the superconductor of the second (outer) partial undulator, the value I 2 being selected such that it partially compensates for the undulator field in the z direction , so that one finally obtains the desired helicity of the circular radiation.
  • the present invention therefore allows the helicity of the emitted synchrotron radiation to be set to any desired value without the need for mechanical movements. This means that light can be generated with both directions of rotation, elliptically polarized light and linearly polarized light, while at the same time significantly simplifying the effort for undulators with a variable polarization direction.
  • FIG. 1 basic arrangement of an undulator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 sections through an undulator according to the invention.
  • planar undulator 3 which generates an undulator field in the z direction
  • domestic undulator 4 which generates an undulator field, which has components both in the z direction and in the x direction.
  • the domestic undulator 4 takes an angle of 45 ° with respect to the planar undulator 3.
  • the undulator itself consists of an iron body 1, which is surrounded with magnetically inactive material 2, into which the superconducting windings of the planar partial undulator 3 and the heating partial undulator 4 are introduced.
  • B 2 and B x denote the amounts of the ignitor fields in the z and x directions.
  • the period length is 50 mm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

In an undulator for the generation of synchrotron radiation from a particle beam introduced into the undulator, two partial undulators are provided each comprising a conductor of superconductive material which, when a current is conducted therethrough, generates an undulator field that extends perpendicularly to the current flow, and the superconductive conductors are arranged in the individual partial undulators such that the undulator fields generated are not parallel, whereby, by controlling the energization of the two partial undulators, the polarization direction of the synchrotron radiation can be adjusted without mechanical movements.

Description

Undulator und Verfahren zu dessen BetriebUndulator and method for its operation
Die Erfindung betrifft Undulatoren, die als Quelle für elektromagnetische Strahlung - im Folgenden auch als Licht bezeichnet - dienen, die aus einem Teilchenstrom (z. B. aus Elektronen), der den Undulator durchläuft, erzeugt wird, sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Undulators. Undulatoren werden insbesondere für die Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlen in Synchrotronstrahlungsquellen eingesetzt.The invention relates to undulators which serve as a source for electromagnetic radiation - hereinafter also referred to as light - which is generated from a particle stream (for example from electrons) which passes through the undulator, and to a method for operating an undulator. Undulators are used in particular for the generation of X-rays in synchrotron radiation sources.
Es gibt weltweit zahlreiche Versuche, Undulatoren aus Permanentmagneten so aufzubauen, dass durch mechanische Bewegungen die Polarisationsrichtung des emittierten Lichts verändert werden kann. Eine Übersicht der Techniken kann H. Onuki und P. Elleaume, Undulators, Wigglers and their Applica tions, Kap. 6, Polarizing undulators and wigglers, Taylor and Francis, 2003, entnoiπmen werden. Gemäß dem dort beschriebenen Stand der Technik sind zwei Arten bekannt, die Polarisationsrichtung zu verändern:There are numerous attempts worldwide to build undulators from permanent magnets in such a way that the polarization direction of the emitted light can be changed by mechanical movements. An overview of the techniques can be found in H. Onuki and P. Elleaume, Undulators, Wigglers and their Applications, Chap. 6, Polarizing undulators and wigglers, Taylor and Francis, 2003. According to the prior art described there, two types are known for changing the polarization direction:
- durch mechanisches Verschieben der Permanentmagnete oder- by mechanical displacement of the permanent magnets or
- durch Aufteilen des Undulators und Manipulation des Strahls zwischen den Undulator-Teilen.- by splitting the undulator and manipulating the beam between the undulator parts.
Die erste Lösung führt, um die Beweglichkeit der Magnete unter den starken, dort auftretenden Kräften zu ermöglichen, zu aufwändigen mechanischen Konstruktionen. Beispielsweise setzt das Berliner Elektron-Synchrotron BESSY Permanentmagnet-Undulatoren mit mechanisch veränderbarer Polarisationsrichtung ein. Eine Variante dieser Technik ist in der JP 103 02 999 A offenbart. Die zweite Lösung ist im normalen Betrieb nur äußerst bedingt anwendbar, z. B. bei niedrigen Strahlenergien, und daher ohne praktische Bedeutung.The first solution leads to complex mechanical constructions in order to allow the magnets to move under the strong forces that occur there. For example, the Berlin electron synchrotron BESSY uses permanent magnet undulators with a mechanically changeable polarization direction. A variant of this technique is disclosed in JP 103 02 999 A. The second solution is only of limited use in normal operation, e.g. B. at low radiation energies, and therefore of no practical importance.
Unmittelbar nach der Offenlegung der supraleitenden planaren Undulatoren in R. Ross anith und H. 0. Moser, Study of a Superconductive in-vacuo Undulator for Storage Rings with an Electrical Tunability between K = 0 and K = 2, Proc. European Accelera tor Conference, 2000, Wien, begannen Spekulationen, ob es nicht möglich sei, supraleitende Undulatoren mit heiischer Polarisation zu wickeln. Die erste technische Notiz stammt von R. P. Walker, damals Direktor von Elettra, Triest, New Concept for a Planar Super conducting Helical Undulator, 18. Oktober 2000. Eine weitere Ideenskizze für heiischen Undulator stammt von R. Pitthahn und J. Sheppard, SLAC, Use of a Microundulator to Study Positron Production, 5. Februar 2002.Immediately after the disclosure of the superconducting planar undulators in R. Ross anith and H. 0. Moser, Study of a Superconductive in-vacuo Undulator for Storage Rings with an Electrical Tunability between K = 0 and K = 2, Proc. European Accelera tor Conference, 2000, Vienna, speculation began as to whether it it was not possible to wind superconducting undulators with Hei polarization. The first technical note comes from RP Walker, then director of Elettra, Trieste, New Concept for a Planar Super Conducting Helical Undulator, October 18, 2000. Another sketch for a Hei undulator comes from R. Pitthahn and J. Sheppard, SLAC, Use of a Microundulator to Study Positron Production, February 5, 2002.
Eine weitere Zusammenfassung findet sich im Vortrag von Shige i Sasaki, Argonne, Design for a superconducting planar helical undulator, ESRF, Juni 2003, in dem der Autor die Idee, das Konzept der supraleitenden planaren Undulatoren auf heiische Undulatoren auszudehnen, befürwortet, es aber offen sei, wie man die Polarisationsrichtung verändern könnte.A further summary can be found in the lecture by Shige i Sasaki, Argonne, Design for a superconducting planar helical undulator, ESRF, June 2003, in which the author supports the idea of extending the concept of superconducting planar undulators to domestic undulators, but openly is how you could change the direction of polarization.
Ausgehend davon ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Undulator sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Undulators anzugeben, die die vorher genannten Nachteile und Einschränkungen nicht aufweisen. Insbesondere soll ein supraleitender Undulator angegeben werden, der die Einstellung und Änderung der Polarisationsrichtung der Synchrotronstrahlung ohne mechanische Bewegung erlaubt. Damit soll beispielsweise die Polarisationsrichtung der Synchrotronstrahlung von linear auf zirkulär umgeschaltet oder die Helizitätsrichtung geändert werden können, wobei die Helizität die Drehrichtung des elektrischen Feldes beschreibt.Based on this, it is the object of the invention to provide an undulator and a method for operating an undulator which do not have the disadvantages and restrictions mentioned above. In particular, a superconducting undulator is to be specified which allows the setting and changing of the direction of polarization of the synchrotron radiation without mechanical movement. This should, for example, be able to switch the direction of polarization of the synchrotron radiation from linear to circular or to change the helicity direction, the helicity describing the direction of rotation of the electric field.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 und die Verfahrensschritte des Patentanspruchs 6.This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1 and the method steps of patent claim 6.
Die Unteransprüche beschreiben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen derThe subclaims describe advantageous configurations of the
Erfindung.Invention.
Die der Erfindung zu Grunde liegende Idee besteht darin, die Polarisationsrichtung der emittierten Synchrotronstrahlung dadurch zu schalten, dass die Leiteranordnung eines supraleitenden Undulators so gestaltet ist, dass die Polarisationsrichtung durch Änderung der Stromrichtung in der supraleitenden Leiteranordnung ohne mechanischeThe idea on which the invention is based is to switch the direction of polarization of the emitted synchrotron radiation by designing the conductor arrangement of a superconducting undulator such that the direction of polarization is changed by changing the Current direction in the superconducting conductor arrangement without mechanical
Bewegungen eingestellt bzw. verändert werden kann. Mit diesen Vorkehrungen lässt sich die Polarisationsrichtung der emittierten Strahlung insbesondere von linear auf zyklisch umschalten bzw. die Helizität verändern.Movements can be set or changed. With these precautions, the direction of polarization of the emitted radiation can be switched from linear to cyclic or the helicity changed.
Der prinzipielle Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Undulators wird an Hand von Fig. 1 erläutert. Die Funktionsweise eines erfindungsgemäßen Undulators mit variabler Polarisationsrichtung basiert auf der Anbringung von zwei verschiedenen Leiteranordnungen (Wicklungen) aus supraleitendem Material, die unabhängig voneinander mit Strom versorgt werden können.The basic structure of an undulator according to the invention is explained with reference to FIG. 1. The operation of an undulator according to the invention with a variable polarization direction is based on the attachment of two different conductor arrangements (windings) made of superconducting material, which can be supplied with current independently of one another.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Undulator besteht demnach aus zwei supraleitenden Teil-Undulatoren, und zwar a) aus einem ersten Teil-Undulator, durch dessen supraleitendes Material hoher Stromtragfähigkeit der Strom Ii fließt und der in Bezug auf seinen Abstand vom Elektronenstrahl E auch als innerer Undulator bezeichnet wird, und b) aus einem zweiten Teil-Undulator, durch dessen supraleitendes * Material hoher Stromtragfähigkeit der Strom I2 fließt und der im ■ Vergleich zum ersten Teil-Undulator einen größeren Abstand vom Elektronenstrahl E aufweist und daher auch als äußerer Undulator bezeichnet wird, wobei sich die beiden Ströme Ii und I2 unabhängig voneinander einstellen lassen.An undulator according to the invention accordingly consists of two superconducting partial undulators, namely a) a first partial undulator, through whose superconducting material with a high current carrying capacity the current Ii flows and which is also referred to as an inner undulator in relation to its distance from the electron beam E, and b) from a second partial undulator, through the superconducting * material of high current carrying capacity, the current I 2 flows and which is ■ larger than the first partial undulator from the electron beam E and is therefore also referred to as an outer undulator, where allow the two currents Ii and I 2 to be set independently of one another.
Wie aus der Fig. 1 entnommen werden kann, besitzt der zweite Teil- Undulator eine Leiteranordnung im Wesentlichen in x-Richtung und erzeugt gemäß dem Stand der Technik ein Undulatorfeld, das im Wesentlichen in z-Richtung orientiert ist. Ein Teilchenstrom (Elektronenstrahl) , der in y-Richtung durch den diesen Undulator gehen würde, würde linear polarisiertes Licht erzeugen. Die Leiteranordnung des ersten Teil-Undulators ist derart gestaltet, dass dessen Leiter einen Winkel im Wertebereich zwischen 15° und 75°, bevorzugt zwischen 30° und 60°, besonders bevorzugt ca. 30°, ca. 45° oder ca. 60°, sowohl zu den Leitern des zweiten Teil-Undulators, die in x-Richtung angeordnet sind, als auch zur Richtung des Elektronenstrahls, der in y-Richtung angeordnet ist, annehmen. Das heißt, die Leiter des ersten Teil-Undulators nehmen einen bestimmten Winkel relativ zu der durch den zweiten Teil-Undulator und dessen Undulatorfeld aufgespannten x-z-Ebene an. Dadurch wird im ersten Teil-Undulator ein Undulatorfeld erzeugt, das - ebenso wie im zweiten Teil-Undulator - eine Komponente in z-Richtung, aber darüber hinaus auch eine von Null verschiedene Komponente in x-Richtung aufweist. In Folge dieser erfindungsgemäßen Leiteranordnung ist die damit erzeugte Strahlung zirkulär polarisiert und weist eine bestimmte Helizität auf.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the second partial undulator has a conductor arrangement essentially in the x direction and, according to the prior art, generates an undulator field which is essentially oriented in the z direction. A particle stream (electron beam) that would pass through this undulator in the y direction would produce linearly polarized light. The conductor arrangement of the first partial undulator is designed in such a way that its conductor has an angle in the range between 15 ° and 75 °, preferably between 30 ° and 60 °, particularly preferably approximately 30 °, approximately 45 ° or approximately 60 °, both to the conductors of the second partial undulator, which are arranged in the x direction, and to the direction of the electron beam, which is arranged in the y direction. This means that the conductors of the first partial undulator assume a certain angle relative to the xz plane spanned by the second partial undulator and its undulator field. As a result, an undulator field is generated in the first partial undulator which, like in the second partial undulator, has a component in the z direction, but also a component other than zero in the x direction. As a result of this conductor arrangement according to the invention, the radiation generated with it is circularly polarized and has a certain helicity.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer supraleitender Undulators wird wie folgt betrieben: Zunächst wird ein erster Strom mit einem Wert I1 eingeschaltet, der durch den Supraleiter des ersten (inneren) Teil- Undulators fließt, wodurch zirkulär polarisiertes Licht einer bestimmten Richtung erzeugt wird. Im Allgemeinen stimmt diese Richtung jedoch nicht mit der gewünschten Helizität für die zirkuläre Strahlung überein. Um eine Übereinstimmung zu erzielen, wird ein zweiter Strom mit einem Wert I2 eingeschaltet, der durch den Supraleiter des zweiten (äußeren) Teil-Undulators fließt, wobei der Wert I2 so gewählt wird, dass dieser das Undulatorfeld in z-Richtung teilweise kompensiert, so dass man schließlich die gewünschte Helizität der zirkulären Strahlung erhält.A superconducting undulator according to the invention is operated as follows: First, a first current with a value I 1 is switched on, which flows through the superconductor of the first (inner) partial undulator, whereby circularly polarized light of a certain direction is generated. In general, however, this direction does not match the desired helicity for the circular radiation. In order to achieve a match, a second current with a value I 2 is switched on, which flows through the superconductor of the second (outer) partial undulator, the value I 2 being selected such that it partially compensates for the undulator field in the z direction , so that one finally obtains the desired helicity of the circular radiation.
Im Falle, dass die Werte Ii und I2 der beiden Ströme so gewählt werden, dass sich die z-Komponenten der beiden Teil-Undulatoren gerade kompensieren, bleibt ein Undulator mit einem Feld in x-Richtung übrig. Bei weiterer Erhöhung des Wertes von Iχ wird eine Strahlung mit entgegen gesetzter Helizität aus dem Undulator emittiert. Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt daher, die Helizität der emittierten Synchrotronstrahlung auf einen beliebigen, gewünschten Wert einzustellen, ohne dass hierfür mechanische Bewegungen nötig sind. Damit lässt sich also Licht mit beiden Drehrichtungen, elliptisch polarisiertes Licht und linear polarisiertes Licht erzeugen und dies bei gleichzeitiger wesentlicher Vereinfachung des Aufwands für Undulatoren mit variabler Polarisationsrichtung.In the event that the values Ii and I 2 of the two currents are chosen such that the z components of the two partial undulators are just compensating, an undulator with a field in the x direction remains. If the value of Iχ is increased further, radiation with opposite helicity is emitted from the undulator. The present invention therefore allows the helicity of the emitted synchrotron radiation to be set to any desired value without the need for mechanical movements. This means that light can be generated with both directions of rotation, elliptically polarized light and linearly polarized light, while at the same time significantly simplifying the effort for undulators with a variable polarization direction.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Hilfe der Abbildungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Fig. 1: prinzipielle Anordnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Undulators, Fig. 2 Schnitte durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Undulator.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment with the aid of the figures. 1: basic arrangement of an undulator according to the invention, FIG. 2 sections through an undulator according to the invention.
Für die WERA Beamline der Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle ANKA, Karlsruhe, wird ein erfindungsgemäßer Undulator mit folgenden Dimensionen aufgebaut:An undulator according to the invention with the following dimensions is constructed for the WERA beamline of the synchrotron radiation source ANKA, Karlsruhe:
Fig. 2 zeigt zwei Schnitte durch einen Ausschnitt dieses Undulators, wobei jeweils 12 der 40 Perioden abgebildet sind. Er besteht aus den beiden Teil-Undulatoren 3 und 4, die im Folgenden als planarer Undulator 3, der ein Undulatorfeld in z-Richtung erzeugt, bzw. als heiischer Undulator 4, der ein Undulatorfeld erzeugt, das Komponenten sowohl in z-Richtung als auch in x-Richtung aufweist, bezeichnet werden. Der heiische Undulator 4 nimmt hierbei einen Winkel von 45° bezogen auf den planaren Undulator 3 ein.2 shows two sections through a section of this undulator, 12 of the 40 periods each being depicted. It consists of the two sub-undulators 3 and 4, which are referred to below as planar undulator 3, which generates an undulator field in the z direction, or as a domestic undulator 4, which generates an undulator field, which has components both in the z direction and in the x direction. The domestic undulator 4 takes an angle of 45 ° with respect to the planar undulator 3.
Der Undulator selbst besteht insgesamt aus einem Eisenkörper 1, der mit magnetisch inaktivem Material 2 umgeben ist, in das die supraleitenden Wicklungen des planaren Teil-Undulators 3 und des heiischen Teil-Undulators 4 eingebracht sind.The undulator itself consists of an iron body 1, which is surrounded with magnetically inactive material 2, into which the superconducting windings of the planar partial undulator 3 and the heating partial undulator 4 are introduced.
Beim Betrieb des erfindungsgemäßen heiischen und den planaren Teil- Undulators ergeben sich die folgenden Ündulatorfelder. Hierbei bezeichnen B2 und Bx die Beträge der ündulatorfelder in z- bzw. x- Richtung. Die Periodenlänge beträgt 50 mm.The operation of the thermal and planar partial undulators according to the invention results in the following undulator fields. B 2 and B x denote the amounts of the ignitor fields in the z and x directions. The period length is 50 mm.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Undulator zur Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung aus einem in diesen eingebrachten Teilchenstrom, umfassend mindestens zwei Teil-Undulatoren, wobei - jeder Teil-Undulator ein supraleitendes Material umfasst, das bei der Beaufschlagung mit einem Strom ein Undulatorfeld erzeugt, das senkrecht zur Richtung des Stroms angeordnet ist, und - das supraleitende Material in den einzelnen Teil-Undulatoren derart angeordnet ist, dass die von den Teil-Undulatoren erzeugten ündulatorfelder nicht parallel zueinander stehen.1. Undulator for generating synchrotron radiation from a particle stream introduced therein, comprising at least two partial undulators, wherein - each partial undulator comprises a superconducting material which, when subjected to a current, generates an undulator field which is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the current and the superconducting material is arranged in the individual partial undulators in such a way that the ignitor fields generated by the partial undulators are not parallel to one another.
2. Undulator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel vorhanden sind, mit denen die Beträge der Ströme, die das supraleitende Material in den einzelnen Teil-Undulatoren beaufschlagen, unabhängig voneinander eingestellt werden können, wodurch das resultierende Undulatorfeld, das sich aus der Überlagerung der von den Teil-Undulatoren erzeugten Ündulatorfelder ergibt, die Polarisationsrichtung der Synchrotronstrahlung festlegt.2. Undulator according to claim 1, characterized in that means are provided with which the amounts of the currents which act on the superconducting material in the individual partial undulators can be set independently of one another, thereby resulting in the undulator field resulting from the superimposition of the undulator fields generated by the partial undulators, which determines the polarization direction of the synchrotron radiation.
3. Undulator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Teil-Undulator so angeordnet ist, dass dessen erstes Undulatorfeld im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Richtung des Teilchenstroms steht, und ein zweiter Teil-Undulator so angeordnet ist, dass dessen zweites Undulatorfeld eine von Null verschiedene Komponente sowohl in Richtung des ersten Undulatorfelds als auch in diejenige Richtung, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Richtung des ersten Undulatorfelds und im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Richtung des Teilchenstroms steht, aufweist .3. Undulator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a first partial undulator is arranged such that its first undulator field is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the particle flow, and a second partial undulator is arranged such that its second undulator field is one component that differs from zero both in the direction of the first undulator field and in the direction that is essentially perpendicular to the direction of the first undulator field and essentially perpendicular to the direction of the particle flow.
4. Undulator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und der zweite Teil-Undulator einen Winkel mit einem Wert ausgewählt aus dem Bereich zwischen 15° und 75° zueinander einnehmen.4. Undulator according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first and the second partial undulator an angle with a value selected from the range between 15 ° and Take 75 ° to each other.
5. Undulator nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Winkel ein Wert zwischen 30° und 60° ausgewählt wird.5. Undulator according to claim 4, characterized in that a value between 30 ° and 60 ° is selected as the angle.
6. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Undulators zur Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung aus einem in diesen eingebrachten Teilchenstrom, mit den Schritten - Beaufschlagen einer ersten Anordnung aus supraleitendem Material eines ersten Teil-Undulators mit einem ersten Strom, wodurch ein erstes Undulatorfeld erzeugt wird, das senkrecht zur Richtung des ersten Stroms steht, - Beaufschlagen einer zweiten Anordnung aus supraleitendem Material eines zweiten Teil-Undulators mit einem zweiten Strom, wodurch ein zweites Undulatorfeld erzeugt wird, das senkrecht zur Richtung des zweiten Stroms, jedoch nicht parallel zur Richtung des ersten Undulatorfelds steht, wobei die Beträge des ersten und zweiten Stroms so gewählt werden, dass das resultierende Undulatorfeld, das sich durch Überlagerung aus dem ersten und zweiten Undulatorfeld ergibt, die Polarisationsrichtung der Synchrotronstrahlung festlegt.6. A method of operating an undulator for generating synchrotron radiation from a particle stream introduced therein, comprising the steps of - applying a first current to a first arrangement of superconducting material of a first partial undulator, thereby producing a first undulator field that is perpendicular to the direction the first current is applied to a second arrangement of superconducting material of a second partial undulator with a second current, whereby a second undulator field is generated which is perpendicular to the direction of the second current but not parallel to the direction of the first undulator field, the Amounts of the first and second currents are selected such that the resulting undulator field, which results from the superposition of the first and second undulator fields, defines the polarization direction of the synchrotron radiation.
7. Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beträge der Ströme durch die supraleitenden Materialien beider Teil-Undulatoren so gewählt werden, dass sich die Komponenten der beiden Ündulatorfelder in Richtung des ersten Undulatorfelds kompensieren, wodurch ein resultierendes Undulatorfeld erzeugt wird, das senkrecht sowohl zur Richtung des ersten Undulatorfelds als auch zur Richtung des Teilchenstroms steht. 7. The method for generating synchrotron radiation according to claim 6, characterized in that the magnitudes of the currents through the superconducting materials of both partial undulators are selected such that the components of the two undulator fields compensate in the direction of the first undulator field, thereby producing a resulting undulator field that is perpendicular to both the direction of the first undulator field and the direction of the particle flow.
EP04820401A 2003-12-12 2004-11-27 Undulator and method for operation thereof Active EP1692923B1 (en)

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DE10358225A DE10358225B3 (en) 2003-12-12 2003-12-12 Undulator and method for its operation
PCT/EP2004/013466 WO2005060322A2 (en) 2003-12-12 2004-11-27 Undulator and method for operation thereof

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US20060158288A1 (en) 2006-07-20
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WO2005060322A2 (en) 2005-06-30
US7129807B2 (en) 2006-10-31
JP2007514285A (en) 2007-05-31
WO2005060322A3 (en) 2006-02-23
DE10358225B3 (en) 2005-06-30
JP4445973B2 (en) 2010-04-07
ATE360976T1 (en) 2007-05-15
DK1692923T3 (en) 2007-08-20

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