EP1690124A1 - Dispositif servant a afficher des informations sur un substrat transparent - Google Patents

Dispositif servant a afficher des informations sur un substrat transparent

Info

Publication number
EP1690124A1
EP1690124A1 EP04803552A EP04803552A EP1690124A1 EP 1690124 A1 EP1690124 A1 EP 1690124A1 EP 04803552 A EP04803552 A EP 04803552A EP 04803552 A EP04803552 A EP 04803552A EP 1690124 A1 EP1690124 A1 EP 1690124A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layers
spectrally
coating system
reflecting coating
transparent substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04803552A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Rickers
Michael Vergöhl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP1690124A1 publication Critical patent/EP1690124A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/26—Reflecting filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for displaying information on a transparent substrate, in particular for displaying information on vehicle windows, such as vehicle windshields, also called head-up displays (HUD).
  • vehicle windows such as vehicle windshields
  • HUD head-up displays
  • Head-up displays are an innovative form of information visualization for the driver of a vehicle (rail vehicles such as trains, cars, aircraft, watercraft, construction vehicles, etc.), which enable information to be transmitted without the driver having to perform his tasks distract.
  • the basic idea is the projection or insertion of the information to be provided into the field of vision of the vehicle driver, in order to be able to reduce or avoid turning away the driver from his tasks and thus reducing dead time in his reaction.
  • This invention relates to the second form of implementation, namely the projection directly onto the glazing of the cockpit of a vehicle.
  • a fundamental problem when realizing such projections is the required intensity of the projected image in order to be still recognizable to the driver in relation to the avoidable bright surroundings (summer, daylight, etc.), ie to provide sufficient contrast.
  • a projection source (light source of the projection system)
  • light-emitting diodes and laser diodes or laser sources are increasingly being used and also favored for the implementation of the above-mentioned HUD.
  • one problem with these light sources is the limited available intensity, which is subject to developmental limitations.
  • a deflection unit is required for the light source, which moves the light beam over the screen similar to the color TV.
  • the term "screen” is also used in the broadest sense to represent windshields or other glazing through which the driver looks.
  • optics are required that combine the primary valences (e.g. a red, green and blue laser) in one laser beam.
  • the overall system (optics) currently has inadequate efficiencies of a maximum of 30%.
  • the present invention relates to a device for projecting information onto a transparent substrate, a spectrally selectively reflecting coating system being provided on or in the surface of the substrate provided for the projection, which reflects light from one or more narrow-band light sources.
  • the transparent substrate is preferably a viewing window of a vehicle, such as a motor vehicle, a rail vehicle, a ship or an aircraft, etc. It is preferably a windshield or a rear window of a motor vehicle.
  • the transparent substrate can consist of glass or another suitable transparent material such as a plastic such as polycarbonate.
  • Glazing used here therefore includes not only substrates made of glass, but also made of other suitable transparent materials.
  • FIG. 1 shows a theoretically optimal reflection spectrum
  • FIG. 2 shows a spectrum of a spectrally selectively reflecting coating system, which is a dielectric interference filter with 11 layers;
  • FIG. 3 shows a further example of a spectrum of a dielectric interference filter with 12 layers; such as
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram for a genetic algorithm for calculating a spectrally selectively reflecting coating system for the device according to the invention.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the use of spectrally selectively reflecting coating systems, such as dielectric interference filters, as well as other optical thin-film filter systems, e.g. with layers of cholesteric polymers or LCDs, which allow spectrally selectively to increase the reflectivity of an interface significantly.
  • spectrally selectively reflecting coating systems such as dielectric interference filters, as well as other optical thin-film filter systems, e.g. with layers of cholesteric polymers or LCDs, which allow spectrally selectively to increase the reflectivity of an interface significantly.
  • an essential aspect of the invention is the spectral selectivity of the increase in reflection.
  • the basic idea is the selective and as narrow-band reflection as possible of the equally narrow-band primary valences of a projection system, as are present in the preferred forms mentioned, on the windshield or glazing of the driver's cab.
  • the system can be suitably combined with the above-mentioned embodiments to avoid ghosting.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the projection onto light from one or more narrow-band light sources, in particular one or more monochromatic light sources.
  • Examples are light emitting diodes, laser diodes and laser sources.
  • a dielectric filter system can be used to implement the spectrally selective reflection, as described in its calculation and function, for example in C. Rickers, M. Vergöhl, "Spectrally selective reflecting thin-film filters for laser display technology", Thin Solid Films 442 (2003 ) 145-152 [1] and C. Rickers, M. Vergöhl, “Design and manufacture of spectrally-selective reflecting coatings for use with laser display projection screens", Appl. Optics 41 (16): 3097-3106, 2002, [2]. Reference is made in full to these documents for the present invention and the invention also encompasses them by reference.
  • the filter described there which is basically identical, serves to reduce the reflection in large parts of the visible spectral range while at the same time increasing the reflectivity at the wavelengths of the laser emissions.
  • the spectral selectivity of these coating systems is based on interference effects of an incident light wave with itself by division into partial waves at several interfaces and induction of a phase shift due to different propagation speeds, as is also described in [1] and [2].
  • the contrast increase achieved is based on reducing the reflection of ambient light while maintaining the reflection of projected light.
  • FIG. 1 shows a theoretically optimal reflection spectrum, the emission of the projection system being marked vertically (narrow-band primary valences, here laser emissions at the wavelengths 446 nm, 532 nm and 628 nm for blue, green and red).
  • an ideal filter would reflect the primary valences of the projector in the form of a rectangular profile in a narrow band, while a 100% transmission is retained in the rest of the spectrum.
  • a spectrally selectively reflecting coating system can be used for the device according to the invention, as described, for example, in the aforementioned German patent application DE 197 47 957 A1, in the international application WO 98/36320 and in the German patent DE 19901 970 C2.
  • the spectrally selectively reflecting coating system can be formed from one or more cholesteric polymer layers, as described in DE 199 01 970 C2.
  • Spectral selectivity is achieved on the basis of the properties of cholesteric polymers, which as a single layer have the ability to circularly polarized light of a certain handedness (i.e. either right or left circular) and thus 50% of the unpolarized light in a certain wavelength band ⁇ reflect.
  • the coating system should have at least 2 mutually enantiomeric cholesteric polymer layers with corresponding selectivity for this wavelength for each selected wavelength. In this case, since cholesteric enantiomers reflect oppositely circularly polarized light, both the right-hand and the left-hand circularly rotating portion of the unpolarized light in the relevant wavelength band is reflected.
  • a coating system that is particularly suitable for RGB radiation should therefore have at least six layers of cholesteric polymers, two adjacent layers being enantiomeric to each other and reflecting the blue, red or green light, so that a total reflection of approximately 100% for all RGB Wavelengths can be achieved.
  • the spectrally selectively reflecting coating system can be constructed from a multi-layer system consisting of at least two dielectric materials of different optical density or with a different refractive index. The at least two layer materials are applied alternately on the substrate, so that a low-index layer and a high-index layer are arranged alternately on the substrate.
  • the respective layer thicknesses of the high or low refractive index layers of a system can be the same or different. For example, one or more periods of a high-index layer with a first layer thickness and a low-index layer with a second layer thickness can be provided. In this case one speaks of a periodic arrangement.
  • the thicknesses of the high-index and low-index layers can also vary; in this case one speaks of a non-periodic arrangement.
  • suitable dielectric materials for the above coating system of layers with low and high refractive index materials are the oxides or nitrides of silicon, aluminum, titanium, bismuth, zircon, cerium, hafnium, niobium, scandium, magnesium, tin, zinc, yttrium and indium , Preferred examples of low-index materials are Si0 2 and MgS 2 and in particular Al 2 0 3 .
  • high-index materials are titanium oxide and niobium oxide and Si 3 N 4 .
  • Examples of preferred combinations of high-index and low-index materials are silicon dioxide as the low-index material and titanium dioxide in the rutile phase or in the anatase phase as the high-index material, and the combinations SiO 2 / Si 3 N 4 and in particular Al 2 O 3 / Si 3 N 4 .
  • Another example of a suitable material is the Si ⁇ -x-yO x N y system with a variable layer thickness, in which the refractive index can be set by varying the nitride concentration. Coatings of this type made of a multi-layer system consisting of a sequence of alternately high and low refractive index dielectric materials act as an interference filter with which the wavelengths of the projection light are selectively reflected.
  • Methods for producing the multilayered layer systems from dielectric materials are known per se and are described, for example, in DE 197 47 597 A1 and WO 98/36320.
  • suitable coating processes are vacuum coating processes such as magnetron sputtering and electron beam evaporation.
  • FIG. 2 shows a practically feasible reflection spectrum for a dielectric filter system made of 11 layers.
  • the transmission here is 100-R and is therefore around 90 to 95% in the areas outside the laser emission (vertical markings).
  • SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 which have been applied to a polycarbonate film, were used as materials for the layers.
  • the sufficient transmission of the spectrally selectively reflecting coating is an essential criterion for use in viewing windows.
  • Adequate transmission should be ensured when used in vehicle windows so that the driver's view of the surroundings is not impaired.
  • the transmission of a windshield in a car must meet certain standards for safety reasons. An increase in reflectivity would therefore be counterproductive with regard to the desired transmission.
  • an optimization for different projection angles depending on the installation geometry and the suppression or at least suppression as far as possible of the so-called color flop effect may be desirable.
  • a color flop is understood to mean a change in the viewer's color impression, which is caused by a change in the viewing angle.
  • the color FIop effect is only of minor importance when used in head-up displays, since the position of the viewer and thus his viewing angle is essentially fixed.
  • the device according to the invention preferably contains, in particular, a spectrally selectively reflecting coating system which is optimized with regard to the fact that, in addition to the highest possible contrast, it has the best compromise, with sufficient transmission, from a small layer thickness, a small number of layer materials to be used and a small number of individual layers.
  • spectrally selectively reflecting coating systems are used which consist of at least two layers.
  • a coating system which is suitable according to the invention and which fulfills the above-mentioned boundary conditions can be obtained by using a genetic algorithm as described in (1), (2) and in German patent application 10245 881.2, by means of an evaluation by means of colorimetry or by other software optimization programs ,
  • the colorimetric evaluation is combined with an optimization algorithm that does not require a predetermined initial design as input for the optimization, since it already essentially reflects the target spectrum.
  • the optical coatings according to the invention are obtained, the properties of which are optimized with regard to the desired boundary conditions. It is particularly advantageous that the boundary conditions can be weighted continuously, so that the best compromise in the layer design can be obtained depending on the specific application.
  • the best possible reflectivities the values of which are adapted to the spectral sensitivity of the human eye, can be realized with the aid of colorimetric evaluation and, for example, utilization of the available materials, number of layers and total thickness of the coating system.
  • layer systems can be obtained which, even when using two, three or more narrow-band light sources, such as suitable light sources for RGB radiation, the best compromise for the respective application for the desired properties, such as reflectivity, contrast, transmission etc., or for the given given boundary conditions.
  • the desired coating system is applied to the intended transparent substrate by means of a suitable coating method, as is generally known, with the desired combination of materials.
  • the substrate can be rigid or flexible.
  • the spectrally selectively reflecting coating system can thus be applied to a flexible film which is then laminated or introduced onto or into the viewing window. This procedure is particularly advantageous in the case of strongly curved viewing windows.
  • the coating system used according to the invention can be applied to a wedge film.
  • the coating can be carried out on several interfaces, whereby the total reflection can be increased.
  • the device according to the invention can also be used for substrates which are provided with additional functional elements or functional layers.
  • the device according to the invention can be used for windshields which are additionally provided with a heat-repellent layer or with a transparent conductive layer made of, for example, TCO materials, as can be used for heating the windshield.
  • the mode of operation of the genetic algorithm for optimizing spectrally selectively reflecting coating systems is explained in more detail below with reference to the flow chart in FIG.
  • the functioning of the genetic algorithm is based on the evolution and recombination strategies of nature. The basic idea is that out of a number of individuals that together form a generation, only those individuals are selected to generate a new generation who have the best characteristics with regard to their environment. In the present case, an individual is understood to mean a layer system with its layer thicknesses and material properties. The parameters of the layer system such as layer thicknesses and materials are called genes.
  • the algorithm first generates a population of individuals by randomly assigning materials and layer thicknesses (referred to as "static population" in FIG. 4).
  • a loop consisting of the steps recombination, mutation Evaluation and selection (selection of the better individuals, that is, strata), rejecting bad strata Repeatedly performing the loop improves the quality of the population on average and that of the best individual absolutely until an optimum is reached.
  • the evaluation and thus optimization takes place on the basis of colorimetric considerations. Since the evaluation is based on the color metric, a specification of a discrete target spectrum can be dispensed with.
  • k indicates the contrast that the screen achieves for primary valences of the corresponding wavelengths with respect to ambient light.
  • ⁇ R is the standard deviation of reflectivity and C is an empirical factor.
  • a particularly high reflection in the range of the laser wavelengths is less decisive for increasing the contrast, but rather a lowest possible reflection in the spectral range outside of it.
  • This effect can be taken into account in the genetic algorithm by influencing the weighting with which the background is suppressed. This is done by varying the exponent of Y in equation (2) accordingly.
  • the desired or necessary transmission can be set accordingly.
  • the layer system In order to minimize or eliminate the color flop effect, the layer system must be designed so that the change in the reflected intensities caused by changing the viewing angle is the same for all wavelengths of the projection light.
  • the spectra of an individual (layer system) are calculated for different viewing angles and the change in the reflected intensities for the wavelengths of the primary valences is compared, using standard deviations of these values.
  • the color neutrality of the image can also be adjusted by means of white balance, the intensity of the light reflected from the screen being one of the wavelengths of the primary valences (red, green, blue) with the intensity of the monochromatic light of the corresponding wavelength as it is emitted by the projector , is coordinated.
  • the genetic algorithm is used to evaluate a layer system which does not require a fixed specification for a discrete reflection spectrum and which increases the contrast, at the same time suppressing the color flop.
  • coatings with a contrast of at least 2.5 and a thickness of the entire layer of less than 4.5 ⁇ m can be achieved with this.
  • the layer structure is based on the glass substrate up as follows: glass
  • This coating shows a contrast improvement k of 3.55.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)
  • Instrument Panels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour projeter des informations sur un substrat transparent, tel qu'une vitre de véhicule, par exemple un pare-brise de véhicule automobile. Selon l'invention, un système de revêtement à réflexion spectrale sélective constitué de deux couches ou davantage est disposé sur ou dans la surface du substrat servant à la projection, et réfléchit la lumière provenant d'une ou de plusieurs source(s) de lumière à bande étroite. Cette invention se rapporte en outre à l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention pour des affichages tête haute.
EP04803552A 2003-12-04 2004-12-06 Dispositif servant a afficher des informations sur un substrat transparent Withdrawn EP1690124A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003157047 DE10357047A1 (de) 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 Vorrichtung zum Anzeigen von Informationen auf einem transparenten Substrat
PCT/EP2004/013848 WO2005054928A1 (fr) 2003-12-04 2004-12-06 Dispositif servant a afficher des informations sur un substrat transparent

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1690124A1 true EP1690124A1 (fr) 2006-08-16

Family

ID=34638429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04803552A Withdrawn EP1690124A1 (fr) 2003-12-04 2004-12-06 Dispositif servant a afficher des informations sur un substrat transparent

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1690124A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10357047A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005054928A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005001410A1 (de) 2005-01-12 2006-07-20 Degussa Ag Pyrogen hergestelltes Siliciumdioxidpulver und Dispersion hiervon
DE102005001409A1 (de) 2005-01-12 2006-07-20 Degussa Ag Pyrogen hergestelltes Siliciumdioxidpulver und dieses Pulver enthaltene Silikondichtmasse
DE102007047232A1 (de) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-16 Linos Photonics Gmbh & Co. Kg Head-up Display für Kraftfahrzeug
GB201503360D0 (en) * 2015-02-27 2015-04-15 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Head up display apparatus adn display surface therefor
EP3632517B1 (fr) 2018-10-05 2023-08-23 HTC Corporation Appareil électronique
WO2023172938A1 (fr) * 2022-03-08 2023-09-14 Viavi Solutions Inc. Filtre d'interférence optique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8426957D0 (en) * 1983-10-31 1984-12-05 Gec Avionics Display systems
US4763990A (en) * 1984-02-03 1988-08-16 Flight Dynamics, Inc. Head up display system
JP2985900B2 (ja) * 1991-03-20 1999-12-06 富士通株式会社 情報表示装置
NL9401109A (nl) * 1994-07-01 1996-02-01 Optische Ind Oede Oude Delftoe Weergeefstelsel bestemd voor bevestiging op het hoofd of aan een helm en een helm voorzien van een dergelijk weergeefstelsel.
US5576886A (en) * 1994-08-08 1996-11-19 Mcdonnell Douglas Corp. Hud with a spectral contour dielectric combiner
DE19747597B4 (de) * 1997-02-12 2006-10-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung zur Darstellung statischer und bewegter Bilder unter Verwendung einer Bildwand, Bildwand sowie Verfahren zur Darstellung und zur Herstellung
DE19930710C2 (de) * 1999-07-02 2003-06-12 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Bilddarstellungssystem und -verfahren für Fahrzeuge

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
RICKERS C. ET AL: "Spectrally selective reflecting thin-film filters for laser display technology", THIN SOLID FILMS, ELSEVIER-SEQUOIA S.A. LAUSANNE, CH LNKD- DOI:10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00962-3, vol. 442, no. 1-2, 1 October 2003 (2003-10-01), pages 145 - 152, XP004458313, ISSN: 0040-6090 *
See also references of WO2005054928A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10357047A1 (de) 2005-07-07
WO2005054928A1 (fr) 2005-06-16

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