EP1685352A1 - Absorbeur solaire - Google Patents

Absorbeur solaire

Info

Publication number
EP1685352A1
EP1685352A1 EP04765519A EP04765519A EP1685352A1 EP 1685352 A1 EP1685352 A1 EP 1685352A1 EP 04765519 A EP04765519 A EP 04765519A EP 04765519 A EP04765519 A EP 04765519A EP 1685352 A1 EP1685352 A1 EP 1685352A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
absorber
heat
channel
absorbing medium
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04765519A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Sandler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1685352A1 publication Critical patent/EP1685352A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/506—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by inflation of portions of a pair of joined sheets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with solar absorbers according to the preamble of claim 1 and with methods for their operation and manufacture.
  • a solar absorber usually comprises a heat absorption area which serves to absorb the power supplied by the solar radiation and through which a heat-absorbing medium flows.
  • the heat absorption area can, for example, have a multiplicity of absorber channels which are usually arranged in the flow direction and parallel to one another and are separate from one another, but it can also be formed by two flat, plate-shaped and closely connected elements on the raride, between which there is a gap for what flows through the solar absorber Heat-absorbing medium is formed. In this case, the gap then forms a single absorber channel.
  • absorber channel In order to keep the linguistic expression simple, in the following only the plural of the term “absorber channel” is used, although this should also include the case of a single absorber channel, provided this is possible in a specific technical context.
  • the absorber channels have suitable inlet and outlet devices, such as. B. inlet and outlet channels in the form of edge-side header pipes or the connecting piece, for the heat-absorbing medium, so that this Flow through the absorber, circulate in a closed circuit and can release the heat absorbed in the heat absorption area of the solar absorber at a suitable point.
  • Solar absorbers are used in solar collectors e.g. B. used on house roofs to absorb the radiation and thermal energy of solar radiation and with a heat absorbing medium such. B. forward to a heat exchanger in the house.
  • a flow through the Tichelmann principle has proven to be an advantageous way of operating a solar absorber.
  • This principle is characterized in that the heat-absorbing medium flowing through the solar absorber travels essentially the same distance in all possible ways through the solar absorber.
  • the points at which the heat-absorbing medium is supplied to or removed from the inlet or outlet duct connected to the absorber ducts would consequently lie diagonally opposite one another.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to create a solar absorber with a higher efficiency or a better yield of the absorbed solar radiation while simultaneously reducing the material stress.
  • the absorber channels, the inlet channel and / or the outlet channel of the solar absorber are designed in such a way that during operation of the solar absorber, due to an adapted flow resistance of the absorber channels, the flow rate of the heat-absorbing medium is essentially the same in all absorber channels.
  • the invention provides for the absorber duct, the inlet duct and / or the outlet duct to be designed in such a way that, during operation of the solar absorber, the flow velocity of the heat due to an adapted flow resistance of the absorber duct receiving medium is substantially the same in the entire cross section of the absorber channel.
  • the flow velocities in the individual absorber channels or within the cross section of the one absorber channel should preferably not differ from one another by more than +/- 30 percent.
  • the flow velocities particularly preferably do not differ from one another by more than +/- 20 percent, in particular not more than +/- 10 percent. An ideal case would be a deviation of the flow velocities of +/- 5 percent.
  • the solar absorber according to the invention is preferably operated using the Tichelmann principle, so that the heat-absorbing medium covers the same distance in all possible ways through the solar absorber. In this way, at essentially the same speed in all absorber channels, an essentially identical length of time of the medium in the heat absorption area is ensured, which furthermore leads to a better power yield.
  • the flow velocity in the absorber channels is advantageously in a fixed range in the entire range of the operating parameters of the solar absorber that usually occur during operation, namely in the range from 0.005 m / s to 0.4 m / s, in particular in the range from 0.01 m / s to 0.2 m / s.
  • the usual parameters in the operation of the solar absorber are a solar radiation power in the range from 100 watts / m 2 to 1000 watts / m 2 , a temperature difference between the incoming and outgoing heat-absorbing medium in the range from 2 Kelvin to 90 Kelvin, in particular in the range from 8 Kelvin to 40 Kelvin and an operating temperature of the heat-absorbing medium in the range from 20 degrees Celsius to 110 degrees Celsius.
  • the temperature of the heat-absorbing medium in the operation of the solar absorber is preferably in the range from 10 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius when it enters the at least one absorber channel and in the range from 20 degrees Celsius to 110 degrees Celsius when it exits the at least one absorber channel.
  • the inventive adjustment of the flow resistance of the absorber channels can be done in particular by selecting their geometric dimensions.
  • the geometry of the outlet or inlet channel and the associated flow conditions inside these channels can also be used to influence the flow resistance of the absorber channels.
  • the viscosity of the heat-absorbing medium is preferably at 20 degrees Celsius in the range from 1.0 to 1.4 mm 2 / sec.
  • the heat-absorbing medium can be a mixture of water and glycol.
  • a water-glycol mixture in a water / glycol mixing ratio in the range from 4: 1 to 2: 1 percent by weight is particularly preferred for the operation of the solar absorber. If water or a water mixture is used as the heat-absorbing medium, however, corrosion problems may occur inside the solar absorber. As a result, a corrosion-inhibiting or corrosion-protecting substance can advantageously also be added to the heat-absorbing medium.
  • solar absorbers of the same type according to the invention can advantageously be connected by a serial connection of their respective inlet channels and their outlet channels to form a collector array.
  • the connection is made according to the invention in such a way that the heat-absorbing medium continues to run through the entire collector array with the flow velocity essentially the same in all absorber channels, in particular also continues to operate according to the Tichelmann principle.
  • the solar absorber comprises two absorber plates spaced apart from one another, which are connected to one another in the absorber plate surface in particular at regular intervals and are sealed at the edge.
  • This edge-side sealing can be carried out in any manner, but is preferably carried out by a special welding process, a so-called roll seam welding, in which the two absorber plates are connected to one another at the edge by a linear roll weld seam.
  • the flow resistance of the absorber channel is preferably adjusted as a function of the length T of the absorber plates by a suitable selection of the cross-sectional shape of the gap.
  • the flow resistance can be adjusted here by varying the ratio of gap width B to gap length L, the cross section of the gap preferably having an approximately rectangular basic shape.
  • the ratio of the gap width B to the gap length L is in the range from 0.00025 to 0.00125 if the length T of the absorber plates is in the range from 1000 millimeters to 3000 millimeters. However, if the length T of the absorber plates is in the range from 3000 millimeters to 6000 millimeters, the ratio of the gap width B to the gap length L is in the range from 0.00075 to 0.002.
  • the gap width is in the range from 0.25 mm to 2 mm.
  • the material of the absorber plates forming the walls of the absorber channel is preferably a material with a high thermal conductivity, i.e. Lambda »15 W / m- K, so that the power absorbed by the absorption of solar radiation can be passed on as well as possible to the heat-absorbing medium passing through the absorber channel.
  • a metal such as steel, stainless steel or aluminum would be conceivable as the material for the absorber plates.
  • special, good heat-conducting plastics or ceramic materials can also be considered.
  • this connection is made by welding, preferably by spot welding.
  • the welding points with which the two o the absorber plates are connected to each other each arranged in equilateral, identical triangles. This is achieved in that, for. B. weld points are arranged in two sets of rows parallel to each other, the two sets of rows being offset from one another "on a gap". A pattern is thus specified which enables an optimal flow through the entire cross section of the absorber channel with the same flow rate.
  • the individual welding points are each at a mutual distance of 15 to 45 mm, preferably 25 to 35 mm and particularly preferably 30 mm.
  • the side length of one of the equilateral triangles described above is particularly preferably 30 mm.
  • the diameter of the preferably round welding spots is selected in a range between 2 to 7 mm, preferably 3 to 6 mm and particularly preferably 4 to 5 mm.
  • the two mostly flat, possibly also curved and originally planar absorber plates, which essentially form the later heat absorption area or the only absorber channel, at the desired locations, which are selected with a suitable spacing from one another are welded together with spot welds of the desired diameter.
  • the edges of the two absorber plates are provided with the desired seals.
  • a welding process is preferably used to form a roll seam.
  • the absorber plates which are spot-welded to one another, are arranged between two stop surfaces, which define the maximum thickness of the solar absorber.
  • the later gap width te which is the difference between the thickness of the solar absorber and the material thickness of the two absorber plates, is set so that the ratio between the gap length and gap width is dependent on the length of the absorber plates in the range according to the invention.
  • the interior of the solar absorber or the gap between the absorber plates is pressurized with a fluid under pressure, so that the interior of the solar absorber is under pressure.
  • the solar absorber is "inflated", the expansion being limited by the abutment surfaces adjacent to the absorber plates at a defined distance, against which the absorber plates abut when pressurized.
  • the absorber plates have sufficient elasticity or sufficient elasticity to inflate or form between the welding points at which they are firmly connected to one another.
  • the fluid with which the interior of the solar absorber is applied can preferably have a corrosion-inhibiting and / or corrosion-protective effect. This can be achieved, for example, by adding an appropriate, commercially available corrosion protection agent or the like.
  • the fluid and thus also its corrosion-protecting or corrosion-inhibiting constituent is pressed into the last cavities in the interior of the solar absorber. Since the later operating pressure of the solar absorber is several orders of magnitude lower and the corrosion-protecting or corrosion-inhibiting component remains in the cavities that are difficult to access, a protective layer with a corrosion-protecting or corrosion-inhibiting effect is laid over the entire interior of the solar absorber.
  • a protective layer with a corrosion-protecting or corrosion-inhibiting effect is laid over the entire interior of the solar absorber.
  • they can be coated with a thin layer of a corrosion-inhibiting material before being welded to one another. In this case, however, a material must be used which, on the one hand, can effectively prevent the surfaces from corroding, but, on the other hand, still allows the absorber plates to be welded together.
  • the inner surfaces of the absorber plates are consequently coated with a thin layer of black nickel before welding to one another, the layer being applied in a galvanic wet process. It has proven to be particularly advantageous here to carry out the galvanic deposition with a constant current flow, but with an electrical voltage profile that changes over time.
  • the nickel-black layer obtained in this way with a thickness in the nanometer range has different partial layers of different porosity, which contribute to the desired properties of weldability and corrosion resistance.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a horizontal section through the solar absorber according to the invention from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 a vertical section through an inlet and outlet channel of the solar absorber according to the invention from FIG. 1, and 4 shows a schematic detailed illustration of a vertical section through the transition area from the inlet or outlet channel into the heat absorption area of the solar absorber according to the invention from FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a solar absorber 1 according to the invention, while a perspective view of a horizontal section through the central plane of this solar absorber 1 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the solar absorber 1 has a heat absorption area 2, which in the present case is formed from two absorber plates 3a, b lying one above the other.
  • the arrangement of the spot welds 4 with which the two absorber plates 3a, b forming the solar absorber 1 are connected to one another can be seen from the schematic representations in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the spot welds 4 are arranged in regular, equilateral triangles, the respective side lengths a of which form the mutual spacing of the spot welds 4.
  • this embodiment offers the advantage that this results in uniform, essentially triangular bulges between the spot welds 4 when the solar absorber 1 is inflated, which ensures a high stability of the absorber and a turbulent and possible Guaranteed even flow through the solar absorber 1 through the heat absorbing medium during operation over the entire width of the heat absorption area 2.
  • the known further components of the solar collector comprising the solar absorber 1 according to the invention such as supply and discharge lines, circulation pumps, etc., are not shown in the figures.
  • the spot welds 4 which are carried out by the person skilled in the art in a manner known per se before the solar absorber 1 is inflated on the absorber plates 3a, b for their Binding are attachable, preferably have a diameter d of 2 to 7 mm, preferably 3 to 6 mm and particularly preferably 4 to 5 mm.
  • the absorber plates 3a, b forming the heat region 2 of the solar absorber 1 are each sealed by a rolled seam 5, which is produced during the manufacture of the seal between absorber plates 3a, b by means of a rolled seam welding process.
  • the two absorber plates 3a, b are spaced apart from one another, as a result of which a gap 6 is formed between the two absorber plates 3a, b, as is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In this case, this gap 6 forms the only absorber channel 16 of the solar absorber 1 according to the invention.
  • connection stub 8 is introduced into each open end of the channels 7a, b, which on the one hand contributes to the stability of the channels 7a, b and on the other hand makes it possible to use several solar absorbers 1 according to the invention by e.g. Plug into each other or screw or press together.
  • connection piece 8 into the interior of the channels 7a, b preferably coincides with the edge distance R between the side edge of the absorber plates 3a, b and the roller seam 5, so that the gap 6 is not covered by the connection piece 8.
  • the solar absorber 1 according to the invention is operated according to the Tichelmann principle, ie the heat-absorbing medium flows, for example in the direction denoted by Z, into the inlet duct 7a, passes from there through the gap 6 into the absorber duct 16 of the heat absorber. Area 2. After flowing through the absorber channel 16, the heat-absorbing medium then enters the outlet channel 7 b and flows out of it in the direction A again.
  • the geometric dimensions of the gap 6 and thus of the absorber channel 16 are essentially determined by the length L and width B of the gap.
  • the length L is 960 mm and the width B is 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm or 1.0 mm, in each case depending on the selected length T of the absorber plates 3a, b or the heat absorption region 2 of 2350 mm, 4000 mm and 6000 mm.
  • the flow resistance of the absorber channel 16 is adjusted so that the flow rate of the heat-absorbing medium is uniform over the entire cross-section of the gap and over the entire cross-section of the absorber channel 16.
  • a mixture of water and glycol in a mixing ratio of 2: 1 percent by weight is used as the heat-absorbing medium, a small percentage of less than 20% being additionally added to this mixture as a corrosion-inhibiting component.
  • the preferred embodiment of the solar absorber 1 according to the invention is characterized in that the flow rate of the heat-absorbing medium in the absorber channel 16 is below the usual operating parameters of the solar absorber 1 in a range from 0.01 m / s to 0.2 m / s.
  • the absorber plates 3a, b are first laid flat against one another and welded to one another at the intervals described and sealed at the edges with a roller seam 5. Thereupon, the absorber plates 3a, b, which are spot-welded to one another, are placed between stop surfaces, the spacing of which corresponds to the later thickness D of the solar absorber 1 in its heat absorption area 2. Now the gap 6 between the absorber plates 3a, b is pressurized with a fluid, the absorber plates 3a, b being “inflated” permanently between the spot welds 4 until they abut against the stop surfaces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un absorbeur solaire comprenant au moins un canal d'absorbeur, ainsi qu'un canal d'alimentation et un canal d'évacuation auxquels le canal d'absorbeur est respectivement hermétiquement relié afin de permettre le passage d'un milieu absorbeur de chaleur. La présente invention concerne également des procédés pour faire fonctionner un tel absorbeur solaire et pour le produire. L'absorbeur solaire selon cette invention est caractérisé en ce que, afin d'obtenir un meilleur rendement de puissance lorsque l'absorbeur est en service, le canal d'absorbeur, le canal d'alimentation et le canal d'évacuation sont conçus de telle façon que la vitesse d'écoulement du milieu absorbeur de chaleur soit sensiblement identique dans tous les canaux d'absorbeur, en raison d'une résistance à l'écoulement adaptée dudit canal d'absorbeur.
EP04765519A 2003-09-23 2004-09-22 Absorbeur solaire Withdrawn EP1685352A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10344084A DE10344084B4 (de) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Solarabsorber
PCT/EP2004/010659 WO2005031223A1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2004-09-22 Absorbeur solaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1685352A1 true EP1685352A1 (fr) 2006-08-02

Family

ID=34384232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04765519A Withdrawn EP1685352A1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2004-09-22 Absorbeur solaire

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1685352A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10344084B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005031223A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202006016100U1 (de) * 2006-10-18 2006-12-21 Wagner & Co. Solartechnik Gmbh Solarkollektorsystem
ITPE20100022A1 (it) * 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Vincenzo Aretusi Pannello fotovoltaico cogenerativo con produzione di acqua calda
FR2967817B1 (fr) * 2010-11-22 2013-08-16 Solaire 2G Panneau solaire hybride.
EP2751497A4 (fr) * 2011-08-29 2015-07-15 Auguste Lemaire Systèmes chauffe-eau solaires et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de ceux-ci
US20180259224A1 (en) * 2015-08-26 2018-09-13 Solar-O-Matic Technologie Inc. Solar thermal collector

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US4021901A (en) * 1975-05-02 1977-05-10 Olin Corporation Method of sizing heat exchange panels
US4027821A (en) * 1975-07-18 1977-06-07 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Solar heating/cooling system
US4099559A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-07-11 Olin Corporation Solar absorber plate design
US4093024A (en) * 1976-06-15 1978-06-06 Olin Corporation Heat exchanger exhibiting improved fluid distribution
US4165733A (en) * 1977-03-31 1979-08-28 Olin Corporation Solar energy collector system
DE2721464A1 (de) * 1977-05-12 1978-11-16 Alfred Bittner Sonnenkollektor
AU517862B2 (en) * 1978-04-19 1981-09-03 Olin Corp Solar absorber plate
US4224927A (en) * 1978-08-30 1980-09-30 Ppg Industries, Inc. Solar collector for heating a fluid
DE2939486A1 (de) * 1979-09-28 1981-04-09 Adolf 8210 Prien Ziereis Absorberplatine fuer einen sonnenkollektor
DE3340297A1 (de) * 1983-11-08 1985-05-15 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg, 3450 Holzminden Verfahren zur herstellung eines solar-absorbers
US4763641A (en) * 1986-05-29 1988-08-16 Smith William F Solar energy absorber
GB9012618D0 (en) * 1990-06-06 1990-07-25 Rolls Royce Plc Heat exchangers
DE20100746U1 (de) * 2001-01-15 2001-03-15 Schüco International KG, 33609 Bielefeld Absorber

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2005031223A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10344084B4 (de) 2006-06-08
DE10344084A1 (de) 2005-05-04
WO2005031223A1 (fr) 2005-04-07

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