EP1684603A2 - System zum markieren von tabakprodukten - Google Patents

System zum markieren von tabakprodukten

Info

Publication number
EP1684603A2
EP1684603A2 EP04783970A EP04783970A EP1684603A2 EP 1684603 A2 EP1684603 A2 EP 1684603A2 EP 04783970 A EP04783970 A EP 04783970A EP 04783970 A EP04783970 A EP 04783970A EP 1684603 A2 EP1684603 A2 EP 1684603A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nicotine
content
tobacco product
cigarette
content indicator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04783970A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Susan Reich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vector Tobacco Ltd
Original Assignee
Vector Tobacco Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vector Tobacco Ltd filed Critical Vector Tobacco Ltd
Publication of EP1684603A2 publication Critical patent/EP1684603A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
    • A24D1/025—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers the covers having material applied to defined areas, e.g. bands for reducing the ignition propensity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
    • A24B15/241—Extraction of specific substances
    • A24B15/243—Nicotine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
    • A24B15/241—Extraction of specific substances
    • A24B15/245—Nitrosamines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/60—Final treatment of cigarettes, e.g. marking, printing, branding, decorating
    • A24C5/601—Marking, printing or decorating cigarettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/002—Cigars; Cigarettes with additives, e.g. for flavouring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/16—Bands for cigars or cigarettes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to visual indicators that denote the presence or content level of one or more substances found in a tobacco product. More specifically, tobacco product labeling systems that provide at least one visual content indicator of a tobacco product, methods for using these systems, and tobacco products that display one or more visual indicators of content are disclosed.
  • Tobacco product packaging comes in a variety of forms. Typically the packaging is directed to branding, where the packaging provides visual clues to consumers allowing them to recognize their preferred product. In many cases, these visual clues are trademarks or trade dress associated with a particular manufacturer.
  • Labeling of cigarettes is discussed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,700,725. Methods of marking cigarette papers are also known. For example, see U.S. Patent No. 4,319,587, which provides a graduated or labeled cigarette paper that allows a smoker to determine how much a cigarette to consume.
  • Other means of labeling cigarettes include a bar code that can be scanned with a laser (U.S. Patent No.
  • Some embodiments of the invention relate to cigarettes labeled with a visual content indicator, wherein the visual content indicator denotes a content level of one or more substances contained within the cigarette.
  • the visual content indicator denotes a pH content level, a nicotine content level, one or more additive levels, one or more carcinogen levels, a carbon monoxide level, a nitric oxide level, a tar content level, or one or more tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) content levels of the cigarette.
  • the content level is selected from the group consisting of a base content level, a reduced content level, and an essentially free content level.
  • cigarette labeled with the base nicotine content indicator contains approximately 0.6mg nicotine, although any quantity of nicotine may be present and indicated in the cigarette or other tobacco product.
  • An example of a particular base nicotine content indicator is a ring or bar on a cigarette paper.
  • Some embodiments of the disclosed invention relate to a cigarette labeled with a reduced nicotine content indicator.
  • the reduced nicotine content indicator denotes the presence of approximately 0.3mg nicotine in the labeled cigarette.
  • the exact quantity of nicotine present and indicated in the cigarette or other tobacco product is not essential to the invention, so long as the content of nicotine in the reduced nicotine product is less than that present in the base nicotine product.
  • An example of a particular reduced nicotine content indicator is two rings or two bars on a cigarette paper.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to a cigarette labeled with an essentially nicotine-free content indicator.
  • the essentially nicotine-free content indicator denotes the presence of approximately 0.05mg nicotine in the labeled cigarette.
  • an essentially nicotine-free content indicator can denote the presence of approximately 0.05mg of nicotine in the labeled product.
  • An example of a particular essentially nicotine-free content indicator is three rings or three bars on a cigarette paper.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to a cigarette having a visual content indicator denoting the content of one or more carcinogens selected from the group consisting of 4-aminobiphenyl, benzene, cadmium, chromium, 2-naphthylamine, nickel, polonium- 210 (radon), vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, benzo[ ⁇ ]pyrene, 1,3-butadiene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, formaldehyde, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, acetaldehyde, benzo[/ ]fluoranthene, benzo[ ]fluoranthene, benzo[A;]fluoranthene, dibenz[ ⁇ , ⁇ ]acridine, dibenzf ⁇ JJacridine, 7H-dibenz[c,g]carbazole, dibenzo( ⁇ ,z ' )pyrene, dibenzo(
  • the labeling system comprises a content indicator, wherein the content indicator denotes relative content levels of a tobacco product labeled with the content indicator, wherein the content indicator is applied to the tobacco product.
  • the content indicator is a non-alpha/numerical indicator.
  • the tobacco product is labeled with a plurality of content indicators, wherein each indicator denotes the content of a different tobacco product component.
  • the content indicator denotes a pH content level, a nicotine content level, one or more additive levels, one or more carcinogen levels, a carbon monoxide level, a nitric oxide level, a tar content level, or one or more TSNA content levels of a tobacco product.
  • the content indicator is a nicotine content indicator selected from the group consisting of a base nicotine content indicator, a reduced nicotine content indicator, and an essentially nicotine-free content indicator.
  • the reduced nicotine content indicator will appear on a tobacco product containing approximately half the nicotine of a tobacco product labeled with the base nicotine content indicator.
  • the essentially nicotine-free content indicator will appear on a tobacco product containing approximately one sixth the nicotine of a tobacco product labeled with the reduced nicotine content indicator.
  • the tobacco product labeling system is utilized to label a cigarette, a cigarette package, a carton of cigarette packages, tobacco gum and their wrappers and containers, tobacco lozenges and their wrappers and containers, snuff containers, and chewing tobacco containers.
  • the tobacco product labeling system is used to label a cigarette with a base nicotine content indicator.
  • the cigarette labeled with the base nicotine content indicator contains approximately 0.6mg nicotine. The exact quantity of nicotine present and indicated in the cigarette or other tobacco product is not essential to the invention.
  • An example of a base nicotine content indicator is a ring, stripe, or bar.
  • Other embodiments of the invention provide for the tobacco product labeling system being used to label a cigarette with a reduced nicotine content indicator.
  • the cigarette labeled with the reduced nicotine content indicator contains approximately 0.3mg nicotine.
  • the exact quantity of nicotine present and indicated in the cigarette or other tobacco product is not essential to the invention, so long as the content of nicotine in the reduced nicotine product is less than that present in the base nicotine product.
  • An example of a reduced nicotine content indicator is two rings, two stripes, or two bars.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides for the tobacco product labeling system being used to label a cigarette with an essentially nicotine-free content indicator.
  • the cigarette labeled with the essentially nicotine-free content indicator contains approximately 0.05mg nicotine.
  • the exact quantity of nicotine present and indicated in the cigarette or other tobacco product is not essential to the invention, so long as the content of nicotine in the essentially nicotine-free nicotine product approaches less than one third of that found in a product labeled with a reduced content indicator.
  • An example of an essentially nicotine-free content indicator is three rings, three stripes, or three bars.
  • This method includes the steps of providing a system of labeling comprising a content indicator, wherein the content indicator denotes relative content of a tobacco product component in a tobacco product labeled with the content indicator and labeling the tobacco product with the content indicator that reflects the content of the tobacco product component in the tobacco product system of labeling.
  • the content indicator is a non-alpha/numerical indicator. In other embodiments, an alpha/numerical indicator is used.
  • the tobacco product is labeled with a plurality of content indicators, wherein each content indicator denotes the content of a different tobacco product component.
  • the content indicator reflects the content of the tobacco product component in the tobacco product the system of labeling.
  • the content indicator denotes a pH content level, a nicotine content level, one or more additive levels, one or more carcinogen levels, a carbon monoxide level, a nitric oxide level, a tar content level, or one or more TSNA content levels of the tobacco product.
  • the content indicator is a nicotine content indicator selected from the group consisting of a base nicotine content indicator, a reduced nicotine content indicator, and an essentially nicotine-free content indicator.
  • the reduced nicotine content indicator appears on a tobacco product containing approximately half the nicotine of a tobacco product labeled with the base nicotine content indicator.
  • an aspect of this embodiment provides that the essentially nicotine-free content indicator appears on a tobacco product containing approximately one sixth the nicotine of a tobacco product labeled with the reduced nicotine-level indicator.
  • the tobacco product is a cigarette, cigarette package, or cigarette carton.
  • a cigarette labeled with a base nicotine content indicator that denotes the presence of approximately 0.6mg nicotine in the labeled cigarette.
  • the exact quantity of nicotine present and indicated in the cigarette or other tobacco product is not essential to the invention.
  • An example of a base nicotine content indicator is a ring, stripe, or bar.
  • a cigarette is labeled with the reduced nicotine content indicator that denotes the presence of approximately 0.3mg nicotine.
  • the exact quantity of nicotine present and indicated in the cigarette or other tobacco product is not essential to the invention, so long as the content of nicotine in the reduced nicotine product is less than that present in the base nicotine product.
  • An example of a reduced nicotine content indicator is two rings, two stripes, or two bars.
  • Another embodiment of the disclosed invention provides for a cigarette labeled with the essentially nicotine-free content indicator.
  • the cigarette labeled with the essentially nicotine-free content indicator contains approximately 0.05mg nicotine.
  • the exact quantity of nicotine present and indicated in the cigarette or other tobacco product is not essential to the invention, so long as the content of nicotine in the essentially nicotine-free nicotine product approaches less than one third of that found in a product labeled with a reduced content indicator.
  • An example of an essentially nicotine-free content indicator is three rings, three stripes, or three bars.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a schematic representation of a cigarette.
  • the disclosed invention relates to visual indicators that indicate a content level of one or more substances present in a tobacco product. More specifically, the invention includes a tobacco product labeling system that provides a visual indication of the contents of a tobacco product, a method for using the system, and tobacco products that display one or more visual indicators of content.
  • the visual indicators of content can be used to denote the presence or content level of a variety of ingredients or components in a tobacco product.
  • the Visual Indicators of Content [0021] A wide variety of visual indicators can be used to provide an outward indication of one or more content levels of a tobacco product. In general, content indicators can denote whether a particular compound is actually present within a tobacco product.
  • content indicators can denote the amount or level of a compound present in a compound.
  • the amount or level of a compound can be indicated as a mass, a percentage of total mass of the tobacco product, a volume, or as a percentage of total volume of the tobacco compound.
  • the amount or level of a particular compound can be identified as a specific value, an approximate value, or as a range of values.
  • content indicators can denote a tobacco product's composition of smokable material (e.g., tobacco blend) or composition of materials from which the tobacco product is manufactured (e.g., filter material or wrapping material).
  • the use of visual content indicators to denote a tobacco product's composition of materials is expressly excluded.
  • the content indicators denote the presence or level of one or more particular chemical compounds
  • denoted chemical compounds can include compounds whose presence or content levels have not been traditionally indicated on a tobacco product. Examples of such compounds include nicotine and TSNAs.
  • the content indicator can be alpha/numerical.
  • Alpha/numeric indicators of content include letters, numbers, or other symbols, such as punctuation marks and mathematical symbols.
  • numbers, such as 1, 2, and 3 can be used as visual alpha/numeric indicators of content.
  • the alpha/numeric indicators can include, for example, only numbers, only letters, only punctuation marks, or only mathematical symbols.
  • the alpha/numeric indicator can include some combination of the four or other alpha/numeric characters.
  • the alpha/numeric indicator can include a combination of letters, numbers and mathematical symbols.
  • a combination of letters, numbers, mathematical symbols, and punctuation marks can be used as an alpha/numeric indicator.
  • non-alpha/numeric indicators can be used as a content indicator.
  • Non-alpha/numeric indicators of content include non-alpha/numeric symbols, such as patterns, lines, waves, dotted bands, colors, and the like. Graphics, such as pictures or images are also included under the rubric of non-alpha/numeric indicators of content.
  • rings, geometric symbols, colors, stripes, bars, shades of colors, or combinations thereof can be used as non-alpha/numeric visual indicators of content.
  • a single ring can be used to indicate the presence of a base content level of a particular component of a tobacco product.
  • Two rings can be used to indicate the presence of a reduced content level of the particular component of the tobacco product.
  • Three rings can be used to indicate that the labeled product is essentially free of the particular component of interest.
  • the rings are imprinted on the tobacco product.
  • tobacco products with visual indicators denoting a base content level, a reduced content level and an essentially free content level can be used as part of a tobacco-use cessation program.
  • these content indicators can denote the level of nicotine in a tobacco product, such as a cigarette.
  • a subject who wishes to stop using tobacco can start with a tobacco product having a particular base nicotine content indicator. After a certain time period, the user can begin using a tobacco product with a reduced nicotine content indicator. The tobacco user can then use a tobacco product having an essentially nicotine-free content indicator. After a certain period, the tobacco user can stop using tobacco products altogether.
  • a tobacco user can start the tobacco-use cessation program by first using a tobacco product having a reduced nicotine content indicator, and then move to a tobacco product having an essentially nicotine-free content indicator, before quitting altogether. Tobacco-use cessation programs are provided in detail in U.S. Provisional App.
  • 60/475,945 entitled “Method of Reducing the Harmful Effects of Orally Transdermally Delivered Nicotine,” filed on June 4, 2003
  • U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/371,635 entitled “Tobacco Having Reduced Nicotine and Nitrsoamines,” filed on April 9, 2002
  • U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/486,875 entitled “Tobacco Products Containing Low Nicotine Tobacco and Nicotine Replacement Compounds,” filed on July 10, 2003 (attorney docket No. VTOB.273PR), all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • Visual indicators can be used with these programs and other tobacco- use cessation programs.
  • a tobacco product with a base nicotine content indicator can contain approximately 0.6mg of nicotine.
  • the base nicotine tobacco product can contain approximately l l.Omg, lO.Omg, 9.0mg, 8.0mg, 7.0mg, 6.0mg, 5.0mg, 4.0mg, 3.0mg, 2.0mg, l.Omg, or 0.5mg of nicotine, for example.
  • a tobacco product with a reduced nicotine content indicator can contain approximately 0.3mg of nicotine.
  • the reduced nicotine tobacco product can contain approximately 10.9mg, lO.Omg, 9.0mg, 8.0mg, 7.0mg, 6.0mg, 5.0mg, 4.0mg, 3.0mg, 2.0mg, l.Omg, 0.5mg, 0.4mg, 0.2mg, or 0.15mg of nicotine, for example.
  • a tobacco product with an essentially nicotine-free content indicator contains no more than 0.05mg of nicotine.
  • the essentially nicotine-free tobacco product can contain no more than approximately l.Omg, 0.9mg, 0.8mg, 0.7mg, 0.6mg, 0.5mg, 0.4mg, 0.3mg, 0.2mg, 0.15mg, or O.lmg of nicotine, for example.
  • the number of non-alpha/numeric symbols can be constant while different colors, shading, or patterns can be used to visually indicate the content of a particular additional component of a tobacco product.
  • a single ring can be placed on a tobacco product to indicate nicotine content while the ring can be presented in different colors to indicate content levels of another ingredient in the tobacco product such as, for example, presence or absence of a flavorant such as menthol.
  • Various combinations of visual content indicators can also be used to provide content information regarding a particular tobacco product.
  • a single ring can be placed on a tobacco product to indicate the nicotine content of the tobacco product while one or more additional visual indicators can also be present to indicate the content of another tobacco component, such as tar, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, one or more carcinogens, one or more additives, and the like.
  • the visual indicators of content can be presented using colors, printed textures, or using other artistic media of expression that allow one to discern one indicator from another.
  • the content indicators are imprinted on the tobacco product. Standard printing techniques can be used to place the visual indicators on the tobacco products.
  • the visual content indicator can be impressed or stamped directly onto the lozenge or gum.
  • visual indicators can be presented as holograms. Methods of making holograms are found in U.S. Patent No.
  • the use of perforations as content indicators is expressly excluded. It is important to note that for embodiments wherein the use of perforations as content indicators is expressly excluded, the tobacco product can still have perforations for other purposes, such as for intermixing air with smoke.
  • the visual indicators can include a bar code on the tobacco product that can be read by a laser scanner.
  • the use of bar codes as content indicators is expressly excluded.
  • content indicators that require a laser scanner to be discerned are also expressly excluded.
  • a content indicator can be identified tactilely. In other embodiments the use of bar codes and/or tactile content indicators is expressly excluded.
  • the tobacco product bares content indicators that can be readily or quickly identified by a tobacco user.
  • the ease of identifying a content indicator typically depends on the total number and types of content indicators present on a tobacco product. In general, the fewer total number and types of content indicators used, the more readily a tobacco user can identify the contents of the tobacco product.
  • the tobacco products described herein can include a relatively large number and/or variety of content indicators. In certain aspects, the tobacco products can include at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or more, content indicators, which can be the same or different in type, size, and shape.
  • the visual indicators can be located anywhere on the tobacco product.
  • one or more visual indicators can be located on a tobacco product package or wrapper.
  • such indicators can be included on a cigarette carton, cigarette package, cigar, cigar wrapper or container, tobacco gum, tobacco gum wrapper or container, tobacco lozenge, tobacco lozenge wrapper or container, chewing tobacco container, or a snuff container.
  • the tobacco product is a cigarette and the one or more visual indicators of content can be located anywhere on the cigarette.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a schematic representation of a cigarette 10.
  • the cigarette comprises a tobacco rod 20.
  • the tobacco rod typically comprises a combined form of shredded and blended tobacco wrapped in cigarette paper 30.
  • Some cigarettes further comprise a filter or plug 40, which is shown in FIGURE 1 as being wrapped with plug wrap 50 and tipping paper 60.
  • One or more visual indicators of content can be placed anywhere on the cigarette, for example, on the cigarette paper 30, the tipping paper 60, anywhere on the filter or plug 40, or at the junction between the cigarette paper and the tipping paper.
  • the filter end of the cigarette is the primary location of any content indicator(s).
  • Visual indicators of content can be placed on a tobacco product in any orientation.
  • the visual indicators can be placed circumferentially on a tobacco product.
  • one or more visual indicators of content are placed axially on a tobacco product.
  • Tobacco Product Components typically comprise tobacco and other components. Aspects of * the invention can be used to provide visual indicators that represent the presence and quantity of one or more particular components of tobacco products. Various tobacco product components that can be represented using the visual indicators of content are discussed below.
  • Examples include visual content indicators that denote a pH content level, a nicotine content level, one or more additive levels, one or more carcinogen levels, a carbon monoxide level, a nitric oxide level, a tar content level, or one or more TSNA content levels of a tobacco product. Nicotine and TSNAs [0038]
  • the visual indicators of content disclosed herein can be used to indicate the quantity of nicotine present in a tobacco product. Health conscious consumers of tobacco products are becoming mindful of the additive characteristics of certain tobacco products and the role that nicotine plays in establishing such addictions. Nicotine is present in most tobacco products. For example, cigarettes typically comprise chopped tobacco leaf blended from two main varieties.
  • the first type yellowish 'bright', also known as Virginia flue where it was originally grown, typically contains around 2.5-3% nicotine.
  • the second type Burley tobacco, typically has a higher nicotine content of around 3.5-5%.
  • methods are available to lower the naturally occuning nicotine content in tobacco.
  • Nicotine C ⁇ 0 H I N 2
  • the body absorbs nicotine when one inhales the smoke from a tobacco product or liberates the compound when a tobacco product is masticated. Nicotine stimulates the central nervous system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
  • Nicotine is toxic in large quantities and can cause death by paralyzing muscles involved in respiration. [0040] Nicotine has been reported to be extremely addictive, on par with cocaine and heroin. Individuals that have become habituated to nicotine intake will typically experience negative physiological effects when nicotine is withdrawn. These physiological effects include strong cravings to ingest nicotine. These strong cravings are often accompanied by feelings of anxiety and irritability. Individuals suffering from nicotine withdrawal will frequently become restlessness, may gain weight, and may suffer from decreased concentration. [0041] While it has not been scientifically demonstrated that nicotine itself is a carcinogen, TSNAs are highly carcinogenic. Formation of TSNAs occurs during curing and burning of tobacco. Nitrosamines are formed by the nitrosation of secondary and tertiary amines.
  • TSNAs include N-nitrosonomicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamineo)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l- butanone (NNK), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanol (NNAL), N'nitrosoantabine (NAT), N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-(3- ⁇ yridyl)butanal (NNA), 4- (methylnitrosamino)-4.-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanol (iso-NNAL), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-(3- pyridyl)butyric acid (iso-NNAC).
  • NNN N-nitrosonomicotine
  • NK 4-(methylnitrosamineo)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone
  • NAT N'nitrosoantabine
  • Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are found in smoking and smokeless tobacco products. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are known to induce tumors of the lung, oral cavity, esophagus, pancreas, and liver. There is also evidence that TSNAs may be linked to cervical cancer and may also cause reproductive damage. TSNAs are known to bind to DNA and to hemoglobin. In fact, the TSNA adduct in blood is used to determine whether a subject has been exposed to tobacco smoke. Due to the harmful effects caused by nicotine and TSNAs, it would be advantageous to reduce the amounts of these compounds in tobacco products.
  • one or more visual content indicators can be used to denote the content level of nicotine and/or one or more TSNAs in tobacco products containing reduced levels of nicotine and/or one or more TSNAs.
  • TSNAs can be used to create the tobacco products described herein.
  • tobacco plants having a reduced amount of nicotine and/or TSNAs that retain good smoking characteristics and taste, when manufactured into tobacco products can be used.
  • Approaches to make tobacco products having reduced nicotine and/or TSNA levels [0044] Nicotine is produced in tobacco plants by the condensation of nicotinic acid and 4-methylaminobutanal.
  • Nicl and Nic2 Two regulatory loci (Nicl and Nic2) act as co-dominant regulators of nicotine production. These two loci are unlinked and the gene action is semi-dominant and primarily additive (Legg et al. (1969) J. Hered., 60, 213-217).
  • Genetic and enzyme analyses have been used to investigate the Nicl and Nic2 genes. Collins et al. ((1974) Crop Set, 14, 77-80) prepared doubled haploid tobacco breeding lines of these four alkaloid genotypes. The genotype of standard cultivars is Nicl/Nicl Nic2/Nic2 and that of low nicotine lines is nicl/nicl nic2/nic2.
  • Nicl/Nicl nic2/nic2 is a high intermediate and nicl/nicl Nic2/Nic2 is a low intermediate (Legg and Collins (1971) Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 13, 287- 291). These lines are similar in days-to-flower, number of leaves, leaf size, and plant height. Enzyme analyses of roots of single and double Nic mutants show that the activities of two enzymes, quinolate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPTase) and putrescine methyl transferase (PMTase), are directly proportional to levels of nicotine biosynthesis (Saunders and Bush (1979) Plant Physiol 64:236).
  • QPTase quinolate phosphoribosyl transferase
  • PMTase putrescine methyl transferase
  • QPTase appears to be a rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway supplying nicotinic acid for nicotine synthesis in tobacco (See, e.g., Feth et al, Planta, 168, pp. 402-07 (1986) and Wagner et al, Physiol. Plant, 68, pp. 667-72 (1986), herein expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety).
  • a comparison of enzyme activity in tobacco tissues (root and callus) with different capacities for nicotine synthesis shows that QPTase activity is strictly correlated with nicotine content (Wagner and Wagner, Planta 165:532 (1985), herein expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety).
  • Nz ' c genes regulate nicotine content by regulating the transcript levels of genes encoding the two rate-limiting enzymes, PMTase and QPTase.
  • Nicl and Nic2 have been shown to be positive regulators of NtQPTl transcription and that promoter sequences upstream of the transcription initiation site contain the ezs-acting sequences necessary for Nic gene product activation of NtQPTl transcription. Because expression of QPTase and PMTase are coordinately-regulated by the Nic gene products, it likely that the Nz ' c gene products also directly regulate transcription of the PMT gene.
  • One approach for reducing nicotine involves reducing the amount of a required enzyme (i.e.
  • PCT application WO 94/28142 entitled “Putrescine N-Methyltransferase, Recombinant DNA Molecules Encoding Putrescine N-Methyltransferase, and Transgenic Tobacco Plants with Decreased Alkaloid Content,” filed June 1, 1994, to Wahad and Malik describes DNA encoding PMT and the use of sense and antisense PMT constructs. Additionally, PCT Application WO 98/56923, entitled “Regultaion of Quinolate Phosphoribosyl Transferase Expression,” filed June 10, 1998, to Conkling et al.
  • patent application serial number 09/941,042 to Conkling entitled “Transgenic Plants Containing Molecular Decoys that Alter Protein Content Therein,” filed on August 28, 2001, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes the use of DNA encoding regulatory sequences for the QPTase enzyme and methods of using these sequences as molecular decoys to sequester transcription factors at sites distant to the endogenous promoter for the QPTase gene, thereby decreasing nicotine production in tobacco plants.
  • the particular tobacco product can have about O.Olmg or less, 0.05mg, 0.075mg, O.lmg, 0.15mg, 0.2mg, 0.25mg, 0.3mg, 0.35mg, 0.4mg, 0.45mg, 0.5mg, 0.55mg, 0.6mg, 0.65mg, 0.7mg, 0.75mg, 0.8mg, 0.85mg, 0.9mg, 0.95mg, l.Omg, l.Olmg, 1.05mg, 1.075mg, l.lmg, 1.15mg, 1.2mg, 1.25mg, 1.3mg, 1.35mg, 1.4mg, 1.45mg, 1.5mg, 1.55mg, 1.6mg, 1.65mg, 1.7mg, 1.75mg, 1.8mg, 1.85mg, 1.9mg, 1.95mg, 2.0mg, 2.0 lmg, 2.05mg, 2.075mg
  • the tobacco product can have about less than 0.1 micrograms, 0.15 micrograms, 0.2 micrograms, 0.25 micrograms, 0.3 micrograms, 0.35 micrograms, 0.4 micrograms, 0.45 micrograms, 0.5 micrograms, 0.55 micrograms, 0.6 micrograms, 0.65 micrograms, 0.7 micrograms, 0.75 micrograms, 0.8 micrograms, 0.85 micrograms, 0.9 micrograms, 0.95 micrograms, 1.0 micrograms, 1.1 micrograms, 1.15 micrograms, 1.2 micrograms, 1.25 micrograms, 1.3 micrograms, 1.35 micrograms, 1.4 micrograms, 1.45 micrograms, 1.5 micrograms, 1.55 micrograms, 1.6 micrograms, 1.65 micrograms, 1.7 micrograms, 1.75 micrograms, 1.8 micrograms, 1.85 micrograms, 1.9 micrograms, 1.95 micrograms, 2.0 micrograms, 2.1 micrograms, 2.15 micrograms, or
  • the content levels of secondary or tertiary amine, or any other component of interest can be denoted by one or more visual content indicators. Examples of additional compounds are discussed in more detail below.
  • the visual content indicators described herein are used in accordance with Federal Trade Commission guidelines regarding such labeling. In the United States, the standard method of measuring and reporting tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields from a cigarette is the methodology originally prescribed by the Federal Trade Commission in 1967 and modified in 1980. See, 32 Fed. Reg. 11,178 (1967) and 45 Fed. Reg. 46,483 (1980), herein expressly incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • This method prescribes reporting the tar content to the nearest milligram and the nicotine yield to the nearest one tenth of a milligram. 32 Fed. Reg. 11,178 (1967). The concentration of carbon monoxide is reported as milligrams per cigarette. 45 Fed. Reg. 46,483 (1980). [0055] To accommodate these reporting parameters, yields of a particular component of a tobacco product will be rounded in accordance the traditional scientific rounding convention.
  • the convention comprises rules for rounding when the last figure of the number to be rounded is 6 or higher, 4 or less, and 5. According to this convention, when the last figure of a number to be rounded is 6 or above, the number is rounded up, and when last figure of the number to be rounded is 4 or less, the number is rounded down.
  • a tar yield of 1.6 milligrams (mg) or higher will be rounded up to 2 mg and a tar yield of 1.4 mg or less will be rounded down to 1 mg.
  • a nicotine yield of 0.26 mg or higher will be rounded up to 0.3 mg and a nicotine yield of 0.24 mg or less will be rounded down to 0.2 mg.
  • the rounding convention when the last figure in the number to be rounded is a 5 and the figure preceding the 5 is odd, the number is rounded up, but when the figure preceding the 5 is even, the number is rounded down. Following this convention, a tar yield of 1.5 mg is rounded up to 2 mg and a tar yield of 2.5 mg is rounded down to 2 mg.
  • a nicotine yield 0.35 mg is rounded up to 0.4 mg and a nicotine yield of 0.45 mg is rounded down to 0.4 mg.
  • such reference is generally intended to be inclusive of amounts within the range of amounts that would be included under the rounding convention.
  • a cigarette reported to have 0.6 mg of nicotine would be considered to be any cigarette having between 0.55 mg and 0.65 mg nicotine.
  • the Federal Trade Commission periodically publishes compilations of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields, also referred to as ratings, for domestic cigarettes.
  • Tobacco Carcinogens [0057] The visual indicators of content disclosed herein can be used to indicate the quantity of carcinogens present in a tobacco product.
  • a carcinogen generally relates to a compound or agent that can cause cancer in an organism exposed thereto. Chemicals or compounds are typically acknowledged as being a carcinogen once research results indicates a statistical probability that exposure to the chemical leads to a cancerous growth.
  • Tobacco smoke has long been recognized as a carcinogen.
  • Research into the components of tobacco smoke has identified a number of compounds within tobacco smoke that are or may be carcinogenic.
  • Compounds in tobacco smoke that are recognized as being carcinogenic include: 4-aminobiphenyl, benzene, cadmium, chromium, 2-naphthylamine, nickel, polonium-210 (radon), and vinyl chloride.
  • Compounds in tobacco smoke that are probably carcinogenic to humans include: acrylonitrile, benzo[ ]pyrene, 1,3-butadiene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, formaldehyde, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosodimethylamine.
  • Compounds in tobacco smoke that are possibly carcinogenic to humans include: acetaldehyde, benzo[ ⁇ ]fluoranthene, benzo[ ]fluoranthene, benzo[/V]fluoranthene, dibenz[ ⁇ ,/z]acridine, dibenz[ ⁇ ,j]acridine, 7H-dibenz[c, ]carbazole, dibenzo( ⁇ ,z ' )pyrene, dibenzo( ⁇ ,t)pyrene, 1,1- dimethylhydrazine, hydrazine, indeno[l,2,3-c ]pyrene, lead, 5-methylchrysene, 4- (methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone ( ⁇ K), 2-nitropropane, N-nitrosodiethanolamine, N- nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nifrosomorpholine, N ' -nitrosonornicotine ( ⁇ ), N-
  • One or more visual indicators of content can be used to label a tobacco product and thus indicate the presence of any of the compounds listed above, or other carcinogens/potential carcinogens. In other embodiments, the one or more visual indicators of content can be used to denote the presence and quantity of carcinogens in smokeless tobacco, such as chewing tobacco and snuff.
  • Tobacco Additives [0059] The visual indicators of content disclosed herein can be used to indicate the quantity of one or more tobacco additives present in a tobacco product.
  • additives are typically included in a tobacco product. There are more than 600 additives that can legally be added to tobacco products. These additives can be used, for example, to enhance the taste of the tobacco product or to facilitate nicotine uptake by a user of the tobacco product.
  • acetanisole acetic acid, acetoin, acetophenone, 6-acetoxydihydrotheaspirane, 2-acetyl-3- ethylpyrazine, 2- acetyl-5-methylfuran, acetylpyrazine, 2-acetylpyridine, 3-acetylpyridine, 2-acetylthiazole, aconitic acid, alanine, alfalfa extract, allspice extract, oleoresin, and oil, allyl hexanoate, allyl ionone, almond bitter oil, ambergris tincture, ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium phosphate dibasic, ammonium sulfide, amyl alcohol, amyl butyrate, amyl formate, amyl octanoate, alpha-amylcin
  • the visual indicators of content discussed herein can be used to indicate the content level of any tobacco additive present in a particular tobacco product, such as, for example, any of those listed above.
  • Tar [0061] In other embodiments, the visual indicators of content disclosed herein can be used to indicate the quantity of tar present in or generated from the use of a tobacco product. Generally, most smoking tobacco products produce tar when used. Tar contains a number of known carcinogens. Tar is a mixture of many different chemicals that include cancer-causing agents such as formaldehyde, arsenic, cyanide, benzo[a]pyrene, benzene, toluene and acrolein.
  • cancer-causing agents such as formaldehyde, arsenic, cyanide, benzo[a]pyrene, benzene, toluene and acrolein.
  • Nicotine Substitutes [0062] In certain embodiments, it is advantageous to add a nicotine substitute to a tobacco product. More specifically, adding nicotine substitutes can be effective in tobacco-use cessation programs that are designed to alleviate the effects of nicotine withdrawal that tobacco users experience when trying to quit. Typically tobacco products containing a nicotine substitute have either a reduced level of nicotine or are essentially nicotine-free. Accordingly, in certain embodiments the content indicator can indicate the presence of a nicotine substitute within the tobacco product.
  • any one or more nicotine substitutes can be associated with, incorporated in or consumed in conjunction with the tobacco products described herein. See e.g., U.S Patent No. 5,780,051, to Eswara et al, entitled “Methods and Articles of Manufacture for Nicotine Cessation and Monitoring Nicotine Use,” and issued on July 14, 1998, U.S. Patent No. 6,166,032, to Viner, entitled “Method for Controlling Tobacco Use and Alleviating Withdrawal Symptoms Due to Cessation of Tobacco Use,” and issued on December 26, 2000, U.S. Patent No.
  • the nicotine substitute can be applied to the tobacco itself at any stage of curing, processing, or manufacturing or to the tobacco product (e.g., paper, processed tobacco, filter).
  • the term "nicotine substitute” is used in a general sense to refer to either or both of two classes of compounds: (1) a compound that is a receptor binding nicotine substitute or
  • a nicotine substitute as used herein does not include nicotine.
  • the term "receptor binding nicotine substitute” generally refers a compound that binds with a specific affinity for one or more nicotinic receptors (e.g., Lobeline,
  • the term "sensory altering nicotine substitute” generally refers to a compound which, when administered to a subject, alters the subjects sensory perception such that the subjects awareness of nicotine withdrawal is reduced (e.g., anti-anxiety agents, antidepressants, antiobsessional agents, and antipsychotic agents).
  • the visual content indicators provided herein can denote the presence or content level of any of the above mentioned nicotine substitutes, or any other nicotine substitute.
  • the disclosed invention also relates to tobacco product labeling systems.
  • these systems can be used to generate a plurality of visual indicators of content.
  • the content indicators denote the relative content of one or more components of a tobacco product.
  • the content indicator can be an alpha/numerical character or a non-alpha/numerical indicator.
  • the content indicators are applied directly to a tobacco product, such as a cigarette paper, a cigarette filter, tipping paper, a lozenge, gum, or a cigar.
  • the content indicators' are applied to a tobacco product package, such as a box, wrapper, carton, or container. Application may be in the form of ink or other printing media. Another alternative involves the use of symbols affixed to a tobacco product.
  • visual indicators of content are used in a predetermined manner to indicate content levels.
  • a system of content indicators is applied to the various products that denotes the level of the component of interest. For example, a tobacco product that has a) a specified or base content level of nicotine, b) a reduced content level of nicotine relative to the first product, and c) a product that is essentially free of nicotine can each have a particular content indicator.
  • each of these indicators is cross-referenced against one another to allow one to visually determine the content of nicotine in a particular tobacco product.
  • nicotine content in a particular tobacco product is merely one example of a compound that can be denoted by a visual content indicator encompassed by the disclosed invention.
  • each visual content indicator is selected and used to indicate the content of a particular tobacco component, it is noted that the selection and placement of particular visual indicators of content can be in many cases a design choice having ornamental and nonfunctional characteristics.
  • the systems can include a printing apparatus for imprinting the visual content indicator onto the tobacco product. Examples of printing apparatuses that can be used to imprint content indicators on tobacco products are disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • the printing apparatus can be constructed and assembled to apply a flowable mixture of a printing ink and a compressed gas to a printer for the application of printing ink to a running elongated strip of imprintable material in the form of a pattern.
  • the imprintable material can be cigarette or tipping paper.
  • the printing apparatus is capable of applying printing ink at a predetermined rate.
  • the printing apparatus can include a nozzle having a mixture-receiving inlet and an outlet for directing the mixture against the printer, and means for supplying the mixture to the inlet in quantities which vary as a function of the predetermined rate.
  • the printing apparatus can further include means for moving the strip of imprintable material lengthwise and means for moving the nozzle relative to the imprintable material and the printer.
  • the means for moving the nozzle can comprise means for reciprocating the nozzle, means for reciprocating an adjustable prime mover, and means for adjusting the prime mover as a function of the predetermined rate.
  • the prime mover can include an adjustable electric motor, and the adjusting means can also include means for transmitting electric signals exhibiting characteristics dependent on the predetermined rate to the electric motor.
  • the electric motor or other selected adjusting means can be designed and mounted to reciprocate the nozzle, at least substantially transversely of the moving strip.
  • the means for reciprocating the nozzle at least substantially transversely of the moving imprintable material can comprise a variable-speed electric motor and means for transmitting to such motor electric signals to regulate the speed of the motor as a function of the predetermined rate.
  • the predetermined rate can be stored in a memory, in the form of information, which is addressed to operate the moving means.
  • This information can be in the form of a so-called reference-print image, and the means for transmitting to the motor electric signals can comprise means for photoelectronically scanning the image and for generating signals for transmission to the moving means.
  • the printing apparatus can also include a mobile printing ink applicator which is arranged to contact and to transfer printing ink onto the running imprintable material, and means for transferring ink from the outlet to the applicator. [0073] Other examples of printing devices that can be used with the embodiments provided herein are found in U.S. Patent No.
  • the visual content indicator can be imprinted on any suitable cigarette paper. Examples of cigarette paper that can be used with the embodiments herein can be found in U.S. Patent No. 6,584,981, to Hampl Jr., entitled “Cigarette Paper Containing Carbon Fibers for Improved Ash Characteristics,” and issued on July 1, 2003, U.S. Patent No.
  • the content indicator can be imprinted on any suitable tipping paper.
  • tipping paper can be used with the embodiments herein are found in U.S. Patent No. 4,094,324, to Bolsinger et al., entitled “Perforated Cigarette Tipping Paper,” and issued on June 13, 1978, and U.S. Patent No.
  • the systems provided herein can be used to manufacture the tobacco products described herein. In other aspects, the systems can be used with the methods of labeling described herein. Methods [0076]
  • the disclosed invention further encompasses methods for labeling tobacco products with at least one visual indicator of content, h certain embodiments, the tobacco product labeling systems provided herein can be used with these methods.
  • a preliminary step of such methods typically provides a system of labeling wherein particular content indicators are assigned to indicate the relative content of a particular component in a tobacco product. Tobacco products that will display the various content indicators are prepared.
  • the visual indicators of content are affixed to those tobacco products that contain the relevant quantity of the component of interest.
  • the visual indicators can be affixed to the tobacco product itself, such as a label on an individual cigarette.
  • the visual content indicator can be affixed to packaging that contains individual tobacco product units.
  • the Tobacco Products [0077] A variety of tobacco products can be labeled with a visual content indicator.
  • tobacco products include, individual cigarettes, packages of cigarettes, cartons of cigarettes, individual cigars, boxes of cigars, cigar wrappers or labels, cigar containers, pipe tobacco containers, tobacco lozenges and their wrappers and containers, tobacco gum and their wrappers and containers, chewing tobacco containers, and snuff containers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
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US20060243290A1 (en) 2006-11-02
WO2005041151A3 (en) 2005-12-29

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