EP1684318A1 - Electronic switch comprising a relay with a power supply in series with the load - Google Patents

Electronic switch comprising a relay with a power supply in series with the load Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1684318A1
EP1684318A1 EP06380005A EP06380005A EP1684318A1 EP 1684318 A1 EP1684318 A1 EP 1684318A1 EP 06380005 A EP06380005 A EP 06380005A EP 06380005 A EP06380005 A EP 06380005A EP 1684318 A1 EP1684318 A1 EP 1684318A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relay
load
phase
switching
electronic switch
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EP06380005A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joaquin Aubert Capella
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Simon SA
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Simon SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an electronic switch that incorporates a relay and a power supply system in series with the load.
  • JP 60 119 128, DE 19 917 214 and GB 2 284 100 are described, in addition, special embodiments which combine these two elements of the two types of previous switches.
  • Switches that have relay-switched output generally have a high electrical conduction rating and considerable heat conduction capability, but require a stand-alone power system in parallel with the load, which means, with practical effects , a three-wire installation.
  • the electronic switches with a semiconductor output have only two lugs and the installation is two-wire, so you can simply simply connect them in series with the power supply of the load. But their nominal power is relatively low compared to previous ones.
  • This second type of electronic switch extracts the energy necessary for its operation from a power supply system in series with the load.
  • the first drawing represents the supply of a load C in a monophasic circuit (phase P and neutral N) with the use of an electronic switch IR with relay (by example, an electromechanical relay) which requires three wires.
  • the second drawing of Figure 1 shows the supply of the load C with the use of an electronic switch IS semiconductor (such as TRIACs) which requires two son and has a series power system with the load.
  • an electronic switch IS semiconductor such as TRIACs
  • block B which is equivalent to the relay IS of the second previous case, is represented, as regards the connection method, with an input applied to the phase conductor P and an output applied to the load C.
  • the latter is connected, on the other hand, to the neutral conductor N.
  • Block B comprises, typically, a switching relay R which consists of an internal contact CR which is connected in parallel with a contact CP of semiconductor nature, which is inserted in the circuit of the load.
  • a switching relay R which consists of an internal contact CR which is connected in parallel with a contact CP of semiconductor nature, which is inserted in the circuit of the load.
  • the relay R is switched on by means of a switching control system (SCC) acting on the activation coil BR, included in the own relay R.
  • SCC switching control system
  • Said switching control system is controlled from outside the block B by means of control signals EEC generated by the input device M and driven by the line SEEC.
  • the electronic switch constituted by the relay R, the semiconductor contact CP and its SCC switching control system, combines the energy required for its operation from a storage device and energy source E. It has two types of inputs, the first formed by the inner conductors PHASE and CHARGE, and the second formed by the conductors AS1 and AS2, which form the secondary (S) of a transformer TR, feeding, in turn , the output of said stock and energy source (E) of the cited switching control system (SCC), through certain power supply (Vs) and reference (Ref) conductors.
  • the switch extracts the energy necessary for its operation from the storage device and energy source E, of conventional configuration (similar to that used for electronic switches with a semiconductor output).
  • the power supply of the load is controlled by an input (PHASE) connected to the phase conductor (P), and the CHARGE input connected to a terminal of the load (C).
  • the energy required for the switch is obtained thanks to the set composed of the transformer TR whose primary P is connected in series with the parallel of the contacts CP and CR and the supply line of the load C.
  • the passage of the current through said primary causes a variation of the magnetic flux in the core of the primary / secondary coupling of TR which, in turn, gives rise consequently to a voltage in the terminals AS1 and AS2 of the secondary S.
  • Said voltage is of the alternative type and is applied to the input of the storage device E and energy source.
  • the assembly formed by TR and E is capable of generating and storing sufficient energy to supply the switching control system (SCC) and performing the switching of the pair formed by the parallel contact CP (of semiconductor type) and relay R.
  • SCC switching control system
  • the relay R can be monostable or bistable.

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  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

The interrupter has a switching control system (SCC) to control switching of a mono or bistable switching relay. The system is activated by control signals, generated by an external device (M), transmitted by an incoming line. An energy source and storage (E) has an input formed by internal phase and load conductors and another input formed by conductors (AS1, AS2) forming the secondary of a transformer (TR) that supplies the system.

Description

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention fait référence à un interrupteur électronique qui incorpore un relais et un système d'alimentation en série avec la charge.The present invention refers to an electronic switch that incorporates a relay and a power supply system in series with the load.

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Il s'agit du secteur électrotechnique de la distribution de courant, plus particulièrement de la distribution de courant de haute intensité vers une charge.This is the electrotechnical sector of power distribution, more particularly the distribution of high intensity current to a load.

ANTÉCÉDENTS DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

On connaît les circuits d'alimentation électrique de charges avec l'emploi d'interrupteurs électroniques. Ces derniers sont principalement de deux sortes :

  • a) ceux qui ont une sortie de relais ou qui incluent un relais ; et
  • b) ceux qui ont une sortie de semi-conducteur, en incorporant des dispositifs tels que TRIACs, IGBT ou similaires.
Load power circuits are known with the use of electronic switches. These are mainly of two kinds:
  • a) those who have a relay output or who include a relay; and
  • b) those having a semiconductor output, incorporating devices such as TRIACs, IGBTs or the like.

Dans les documents JP 60 119 128, DE 19 917 214 et GB 2 284 100 sont décrites, en plus, les réalisations spéciales qui associent ces deux éléments des deux types de commutateurs précédentes.In JP 60 119 128, DE 19 917 214 and GB 2 284 100 are described, in addition, special embodiments which combine these two elements of the two types of previous switches.

Les interrupteurs qui ont une sortie commutée par un relais ont généralement une capacité nominale de conduction électrique élevée et une capacité considérable de conduction thermique, mais requièrent d'un système d'alimentation autonome en parallèle avec la charge, ce qui signifie, à effets pratiques, une installation à trois fils.Switches that have relay-switched output generally have a high electrical conduction rating and considerable heat conduction capability, but require a stand-alone power system in parallel with the load, which means, with practical effects , a three-wire installation.

Les interrupteurs électroniques avec une sortie de semi-conducteur n'ont que deux cosses et l'installation est à deux fils, on peut donc simplement les brancher simplement en série avec l'alimentation de la charge. Mais leur puissance nominale est relativement faible par rapport aux antérieures.The electronic switches with a semiconductor output have only two lugs and the installation is two-wire, so you can simply simply connect them in series with the power supply of the load. But their nominal power is relatively low compared to previous ones.

Ce deuxième type d'interrupteur électronique extrait l'énergie nécessaire à son fonctionnement, d'un système d'alimentation en série avec la charge.This second type of electronic switch extracts the energy necessary for its operation from a power supply system in series with the load.

À la vue des différences qui distinguent ces deux sortes de dispositifs électroniques, on comprend qu'un interrupteur mécanique traditionnel (2 cosses), ne puisse être remplacé par un interrupteur avec une sortie de relais, en raison de l'installation à trois fils, et qu'il ne puisse non plus être remplacé par un interrupteur avec une sortie de semi-conducteur, à deux fils, si la puissance à contrôler n'est pas très élevée.In view of the differences that distinguish these two kinds of electronic devices, it is understood that a traditional mechanical switch (2 terminals), can not be replaced by a switch with a relay output, because of the three-wire installation, nor can it be replaced by a switch with a two-wire semiconductor output, if the power to be controlled is not very high.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Dans le but de disposer d'un système pour l'alimentation de charges importantes avec un emploi équivalent à un interrupteur électronique semi-conducteur avec deux cosses (monté en série) mais dans des conditions comparables à celle d'un usage d'un système de trois fils, nous avons dessiné le dispositif qui sera décrit et qui permet d'obtenir de façon efficace le résultat mentionné.In order to have a system for the supply of large loads with a use equivalent to a semiconductor electronic switch with two lugs (mounted in series) but in conditions comparable to that of a use of a system of three wires, we have drawn the device which will be described and which makes it possible to obtain in an effective way the result mentioned.

Il s'agit d'un circuit qui comprend un relais de commutation contrôlée, dirigé par un signal de commande généré par un dispositif extérieur, et qui comprend une source d'énergie fournie par le passage du courant d'alimentation de la charge.It is a circuit which comprises a controlled switching relay, directed by a control signal generated by an external device, and which comprises a source of energy provided by the passage of the feed current of the load.

Afin de simplifier l'explication, la présente description s'accompagne de quelques schémas où sont représentés les antécédents, ainsi qu'un cas de réalisation d'un interrupteur électronique avec relais et avec un système d'alimentation en série avec la charge selon les principes exposés dans les revendications.In order to simplify the explanation, the present description is accompanied by a few diagrams showing the antecedents, as well as a case of implementation of an electronic switch with relay and with a power supply system in series with the load according to the principles set forth in the claims.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La figure 1Figure 1
est un schéma de blocs fonctionnel de l'installation traditionnelle des deux types d'interrupteur électronique selon le précédent état de la technique ; etis a functional block diagram of the traditional installation of the two types of electronic switch according to the previous state of the art; and
La figure 2Figure 2
est un schéma de blocs fonctionnel d'un interrupteur qui incorpore un relais avec un système d'alimentation en série, selon la présente invention.is a functional block diagram of a switch that incorporates a relay with a series power system, according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Les éléments désignés par des lettres dans les schémas correspondent aux parties indiquées ci-après.The elements designated by letters in the diagrams correspond to the parts indicated below.

Dans les schémas de la figure 1, selon les dispositions connues, le premier dessin représente l'alimentation d'une charge C dans un circuit monophasique (phase P et neutre N) avec l'emploi d'un interrupteur électronique IR avec relais (par exemple, un relais électromécanique) qui requiert trois fils.In the diagrams of FIG. 1, according to the known arrangements, the first drawing represents the supply of a load C in a monophasic circuit (phase P and neutral N) with the use of an electronic switch IR with relay (by example, an electromechanical relay) which requires three wires.

Le deuxième dessin de la figure 1 représente l'alimentation de la charge C avec l'emploi d'un interrupteur électronique IS de semi-conducteurs (tels que les TRIACs) qui requiert deux fils et dispose d'un système d'alimentation en série avec la charge.The second drawing of Figure 1 shows the supply of the load C with the use of an electronic switch IS semiconductor (such as TRIACs) which requires two son and has a series power system with the load.

Dans la figure 2, d'après l'invention, on représente le bloc B qui équivaut au relais IS du second cas précédent, pour ce qui concerne la méthode de connexion, avec une entrée appliquée au conducteur de phase P et une sortie appliquée à la charge C. Cette dernière est reliée, d'un autre côté, au conducteur de neutre N.In FIG. 2, according to the invention, block B, which is equivalent to the relay IS of the second previous case, is represented, as regards the connection method, with an input applied to the phase conductor P and an output applied to the load C. The latter is connected, on the other hand, to the neutral conductor N.

Le bloc B comprend, caractéristiquement, un relais R de commutation qui se compose d'un contact interne CR qui est monté en parallèle avec un contact CP, de nature semi-conductrice, lequel est intercalé dans le circuit de la charge.Block B comprises, typically, a switching relay R which consists of an internal contact CR which is connected in parallel with a contact CP of semiconductor nature, which is inserted in the circuit of the load.

La mise en marche du relais R se réalise grâce à un système de contrôle de la commutation (SCC) qui agit sur la bobine BR d'activation, comprise dans le propre relais R.The relay R is switched on by means of a switching control system (SCC) acting on the activation coil BR, included in the own relay R.

La mise en marche et le contrôle du contact semi-conducteur CP se réalisent grâce au système de contrôle de la commutation (SCC).Commissioning and control of the semiconductor contact CP is achieved by the switching control system (SCC).

Ledit système de contrôle de la commutation (SCC) se commande depuis l'extérieur du bloc B, grâce à des signaux de commande EEC générés par le dispositif d'entrée M et conduits par la ligne SEEC.Said switching control system (SCC) is controlled from outside the block B by means of control signals EEC generated by the input device M and driven by the line SEEC.

L'interrupteur électronique constitué par le relais R, le contact semi-conducteur CP et son système de contrôle de la commutation SCC, réunit l'énergie nécessaire à son fonctionnement à partir d'un dispositif de stockage et source d'énergie E. Celui-ci présente deux types d'entrées, la première formée par les conducteurs internes PHASE et CHARGE, et la seconde formée par les conducteurs AS1 et AS2, lesquels forment le secondaire (S) d'un transformateur TR, en alimentant, à leur tour, la sortie dudit stock et source d'énergie (E) du système de contrôle de la commutation cité (SCC), à travers certains conducteurs de tension d'alimentation (Vs) et de référence (Réf).The electronic switch constituted by the relay R, the semiconductor contact CP and its SCC switching control system, combines the energy required for its operation from a storage device and energy source E. It has two types of inputs, the first formed by the inner conductors PHASE and CHARGE, and the second formed by the conductors AS1 and AS2, which form the secondary (S) of a transformer TR, feeding, in turn , the output of said stock and energy source (E) of the cited switching control system (SCC), through certain power supply (Vs) and reference (Ref) conductors.

Ci-après, seront décrits les processus qui ont permis à l'interrupteur électronique de l'invention de s'alimenter dans chacune des situations auxquelles le dispositif de commutation doit faire face à savoir, ouvert ou fermé.Hereinafter, will be described the processes that allowed the electronic switch of the invention to feed in each of the situations that the switching device must face namely, open or closed.

CAS DE CIRCUIT OUVERTOPEN CIRCUIT CASE

L'interrupteur extrait l'énergie nécessaire à son fonctionnement du dispositif de stockage et source d'énergie E, de configuration conventionnelle (analogue à celui qui est utilisé pour les interrupteurs électroniques avec une sortie semi-conductrice). L'alimentation de la charge se contrôle grâce à une entrée (PHASE) reliée au conducteur de phase (P), et de l'entrée CHARGE reliée à une cosse de la charge (C).The switch extracts the energy necessary for its operation from the storage device and energy source E, of conventional configuration (similar to that used for electronic switches with a semiconductor output). The power supply of the load is controlled by an input (PHASE) connected to the phase conductor (P), and the CHARGE input connected to a terminal of the load (C).

CAS DE CIRCUIT FERMÉCASE CIRCUIT CLOSED

L'énergie nécessaire à l'interrupteur s'obtient grâce à l'ensemble composé du transformateur TR dont le primaire P est branché en série avec le parallèle des contacts CP et CR et de la ligne d'alimentation de la charge C. Le passage du courant par ledit primaire provoque une variation du flux magnétique dans le noyau du couplage primaire/secondaire de TR qui, à son tour, donne lieu par conséquent, à une tension dans les bornes AS1 et AS2 du secondaire S.The energy required for the switch is obtained thanks to the set composed of the transformer TR whose primary P is connected in series with the parallel of the contacts CP and CR and the supply line of the load C. The passage of the current through said primary causes a variation of the magnetic flux in the core of the primary / secondary coupling of TR which, in turn, gives rise consequently to a voltage in the terminals AS1 and AS2 of the secondary S.

Ladite tension est de type alternative et est appliquée à l'entrée du dispositif E de stockage et source d'énergie. L'ensemble formé par TR et E est capable de générer et de stocker l'énergie suffisante à l'alimentation du système de contrôle de la commutation (SCC) et à la réalisation de la commutation du couple formé par le contact parallèle CP (de type semi-conducteur) et le relais R.Said voltage is of the alternative type and is applied to the input of the storage device E and energy source. The assembly formed by TR and E is capable of generating and storing sufficient energy to supply the switching control system (SCC) and performing the switching of the pair formed by the parallel contact CP (of semiconductor type) and relay R.

Cette commutation met l'ensemble dans une situation de circuit ouvert, dans laquelle le dispositif s'alimenterait selon ce qui a été dit dans le paragraphe antérieur.This switching puts the assembly in an open circuit situation, in which the device would feed according to what has been said in the previous paragraph.

Le relais R peut être monostable ou bistable.The relay R can be monostable or bistable.

Une fois l'objet de la présente invention suffisamment décrit, il convient d'indiquer que tout changement de dimensions, formes, aspect et décor extérieur, ainsi que des types de matériaux employés pour la réalisation pratique de l'interrupteur électronique qui incorpore un relais, n'altèrent en rien l'essentialité de l'invention, qui est résumée dans les revendications qui viennent ci-après.Once the subject of the present invention is sufficiently described, it should be indicated that any change in dimensions, shapes, appearance and external decoration, as well as the types of materials used for the practical realization of the electronic switch incorporating a relay do not detract from the essentiality of the invention, which is summarized in the claims which follow below.

Claims (4)

Interrupteur électronique qui incorpore un relais et dont le système d'alimentation est monté en série avec la charge, destiné à la commutation de courants de haute intensité sur ladite charge, caractérisé en ce qu' il comprend un bloc (B) pourvu d'une entrée connectable au conducteur de phase (P) ou à celui du neutre (N) indistinctement, et d'une sortie applicable à la charge (C) qui à son tour se branche au neutre (N) ou à la phase (P) respectivement, et qui contient : - une relais (R) de commutation mono ou bistable, qui comprend un contact interne (CR) ; - un système (SCC) pour le contrôle de la commutation du relais (R), appliqué à une bobine (BR) de réactivation du propre relais et activé de façon opportune par des signaux de commande (EEC) générés par un dispositif externe (M) et transmis par une ligne entrante (SEEC) ; - un stock et une source d'énergie (E) avec deux types d'entrées, la première formée par les conducteurs internes PHASE et CHARGE, et la deuxième formée par les conducteurs AS1 et AS2, lesquelles forment le secondaire (S) d'un transformateur TR, et qui alimentent, à leur tour, la sortie de ce stock et source d'énergie (E) au système de contrôle de la commutation (SCC) à travers quelques conducteurs de tension d'alimentation (Vs) et de référence (Réf). An electronic switch incorporating a relay and whose power system is connected in series with the load, for the switching of high current currents on said load, characterized in that it comprises a block (B) provided with a an input connectable to the phase (P) or neutral (N) conductor indistinctly, and an output applicable to the load (C) which in turn connects to the neutral (N) or phase (P) respectively , and which contains: a mono or bistable switching relay (R), which comprises an internal contact (CR); - a system (SCC) for controlling the switching of the relay (R), applied to a coil (BR) for reactivation of the own relay and activated in a timely manner by control signals (EEC) generated by an external device (M) ) and transmitted by an incoming line (SEEC); a stock and a power source (E) with two types of inputs, the first formed by the internal conductors PHASE and CHARGE, and the second formed by the conductors AS1 and AS2, which form the secondary (S) of a transformer TR, and which, in turn, feed the output of this stock and energy source (E) to the switching control system (SCC) through a few supply voltage (Vs) and reference conductors (Ref). Interrupteur électronique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, en dérivation avec le contact interne CR du relais (R), l'interrupteur incorpore un contact semi-conducteur (CP) dirigé et contrôlé par le système de contrôle de commutation (SCC).Electronic switch according to claim 1, characterized in that , in connection with the internal contact CR of the relay (R), the switch incorporates a semiconductor contact (CP) directed and controlled by the switching control system (SCC) . Interrupteur électronique selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, en situation de circuit ouvert pour le circuit formé de phase (P), le bloc B, la charge (C) et le conducteur neutre (N) ; l'interrupteur (B) extrait l'énergie nécessaire à son fonctionnement du stock et source d'énergie (E) formé par des dispositifs semi-conducteurs et pourvu, dans ce cas de circuit ouvert, de l'entrée (PHASE) reliée au conducteur de phase (P) et de l'entrée CHARGE reliée à une cosse de la charge (C).Electronic switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that , in an open circuit situation for the phase formed circuit (P), the block B, the load (C) and the neutral conductor (N); the switch (B) extracts the energy necessary for its operation from the stock and energy source (E) formed by semiconductor devices and provided, in this case with an open circuit, the input (PHASE) connected to the phase conductor (P) and the CHARGE input connected to a terminal of the load (C). Interrupteur électronique selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, en situation de circuit fermé pour le circuit formé par phase (P), le bloc B, la charge (C) et le conducteur neutre (N) ; l'interrupteur extrait l'énergie nécessaire à son fonctionnement du transformateur (TR) dont le primaire (P) est branché en série au relais de commutation (R) et dont le secondaire (S) est l'entrée de la source d'alimentation (E), étant ainsi contrôlés le relais (R) et, s'il y a lieu, le contact CP par le dispositif de contrôle de la commutation (SCC) alimenté par le stock et source d'énergie (E) et activé grâce à des signaux extérieurs de commande du dispositif externe (EEC) et transmis par une ligne d'entrée (SEEC).Electronic switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that , in a closed circuit situation for the circuit formed by phase (P), the block B, the load (C) and the neutral conductor (N); the switch extracts the energy necessary for its operation of the transformer (TR) whose primary (P) is connected in series to the switching relay (R) and whose secondary (S) is the input of the power source (E), thus being controlled the relay ( R) and, if applicable, the CP contact by the switching control device (SCC) powered by the stock and energy source (E) and activated by external control signals from the external device ( EEC) and transmitted by an input line (SEEC).
EP06380005A 2005-01-21 2006-01-04 Electronic switch comprising a relay with a power supply in series with the load Withdrawn EP1684318A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200500114A ES2259536B1 (en) 2005-01-21 2005-01-21 ELECTRONIC SWITCH THAT INCORPORATES A RELAY AND WHOSE POWER SYSTEM IS IN SERIES WITH THE LOAD.

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EP1684318A1 true EP1684318A1 (en) 2006-07-26

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EP3522194A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-07 General Electric Technology GmbH Switching apparatus
EP3522196A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-07 General Electric Technology GmbH Switching apparatus
WO2022272282A1 (en) * 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Menlo Microsystems, Inc. Self-powered smart switch

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Cited By (11)

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EP3522194A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-07 General Electric Technology GmbH Switching apparatus
EP3522196A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-07 General Electric Technology GmbH Switching apparatus
WO2019149814A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 General Electric Technology Gmbh Switching apparatus
WO2019149808A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 General Electric Technology Gmbh Switching apparatus
CN111630620A (en) * 2018-01-31 2020-09-04 通用电器技术有限公司 Switching device
CN111937110A (en) * 2018-01-31 2020-11-13 通用电器技术有限公司 Switching device
US11088689B2 (en) 2018-01-31 2021-08-10 General Electric Company Switching apparatus
US11177099B2 (en) 2018-01-31 2021-11-16 General Electric Technology Gmbh Switching apparatus
CN111937110B (en) * 2018-01-31 2023-03-10 通用电器技术有限公司 Switching device
CN111630620B (en) * 2018-01-31 2023-08-04 通用电器技术有限公司 Switching device
WO2022272282A1 (en) * 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Menlo Microsystems, Inc. Self-powered smart switch

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