EP1684011B1 - Dampferzeuger - Google Patents

Dampferzeuger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1684011B1
EP1684011B1 EP04030969A EP04030969A EP1684011B1 EP 1684011 B1 EP1684011 B1 EP 1684011B1 EP 04030969 A EP04030969 A EP 04030969A EP 04030969 A EP04030969 A EP 04030969A EP 1684011 B1 EP1684011 B1 EP 1684011B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam generator
heating means
steam
shell
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04030969A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1684011A1 (de
Inventor
Mario Perego
Piero Scapini
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SON Srl
Original Assignee
SON Srl
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Publication date
Application filed by SON Srl filed Critical SON Srl
Priority to DE602004024705T priority Critical patent/DE602004024705D1/de
Priority to AT04030969T priority patent/ATE452314T1/de
Priority to EP04030969A priority patent/EP1684011B1/de
Publication of EP1684011A1 publication Critical patent/EP1684011A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1684011B1 publication Critical patent/EP1684011B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention in its most general aspect, refers to a steam generator comprising at least one heat exchange unit in fluid communication with at least one liquid-gas separation chamber and it is particularly but not exclusively recommended for use in thermoelectric plants, preferably in so-called gas/steam combined cycle thermoelectric plants.
  • thermoelectric plants i.e. plants in which two technological cycles are provided, one carried out by air and natural gas (gas cycle) and the other carried out by water and steam (steam cycle), both intended to produce electrical energy with high yield.
  • the gas cycle of a combined cycle thermoelectric plant of the considered type essentially comprises a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine and an alternator.
  • the compressor takes in air from the atmosphere taking it to a predetermined high pressure; the air thus compressed is introduced into the combustion chamber together with a fuel, generally consisting of natural gas; the mixture that forms is ignited and the high pressure and high temperature gases produced are made to expand in the gas turbine that moves the alternator, which generates electrical energy.
  • the steam cycle of the aforementioned thermoelectric plant comprises a steam generator, a steam turbine and a further alternator.
  • the heat exchange unit of said steam generator generally comprising heat exchangers of the type with water pipes, is placed in a heat exchange relationship with the hot gases discharged by the gas turbine of the aforementioned gas cycle, with a consequent great and quick heating of the water and generation of steam.
  • the steam thus produced is sent to the steam turbine that makes the respective alternator operate to generate electrical energy.
  • a steam generator used in the aforementioned way is called a heat recovery steam generator precisely because to generate steam the heat of the hot gasses (at about 600°C) discharged by the gas turbine is "exploited".
  • the water-steam mixture, formed continuously in the heat exchange unit, is fed to an appropriate gas-liquid separation chamber.
  • the water is separated from the steam for example by gravity (in this case we are talking about a natural circulation steam generator), or with a suitable diaphragm or through separator cyclones (in this case we are talking about an assisted or controlled circulation steam generator).
  • the separation chamber is generally formed in a so-called steam drum comprising a cylindrical shell that has an internal diameter and thickness appropriately correlated to the generally strict operating conditions for pressure and temperature and it is preferably made from steel.
  • the shell of a steam drum with an internal diameter of 2000 mm can have a thickness even greater than 150 mm, when the relative pressure and the operating temperature are 110 bar and 320°C respectively.
  • a steam generator structured in the way schematically described above (i.e. comprising at least one heat exchange unit and at least one separation chamber), has recognized drawbacks that occur above all when one has to tackle the ever-increasing need to subject the generator to repeated steps of starting and stop.
  • thermoelectric plant In the case of the heat recovery steam generator, this need is linked to the increasing requirement for greater operating flexibility of the thermoelectric plant, which requires ever decreasing start-up times, both for cold starting and for restarting after a short stop.
  • the main drawback of the steam generator of the aforementioned type is linked to the large thickness of the shell of the steam drum, which is the thickest component of the steam generator itself.
  • Such a temperature difference is, of course, substantially zeroed when normal operating conditions are reached (where the temperatures are stable and homogeneous), thanks to the transmission of heat by conduction, for example after a transition period of:
  • the metal material from which the steam drum is made is subjected to a cycle in which there are differentiated thermal dilations along the thickness of the shell of the steam drum itself.
  • the metal material is subjected to localized mechanical stresses, which repeat cyclically, i.e. the metal material is subjected to the phenomena of fatigue wear: to prevent the formation of cracks it is necessary, at the design stage, to pre-establish the maximum number of cycles (i.e. of starting steps) that when reached it is necessary to replace the steam drum.
  • US-A-5588400 discloses a forced-through-flow boiler wherein the evaporator is divided in at least two sections to facilitate start-up.
  • the technical problem forming the basis of the present invention is that of devising and providing a steam generator of the type considered, capable of satisfying the need outlined above, i.e. of allowing a flexibility of operation in plants for producing electrical energy or of allowing a series of starting steps and stops, at the same time drastically reducing the amount of the phenomena of the fatigue wear on the metal material of the steam drum of the generator itself, so as to overcome the aforementioned limitations and/or drawbacks with reference to the prior art in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the steam generator 10 comprises a heat exchange unit 11 in fluid communication with a gas-liquid separation chamber 12, formed in a so-called steam drum comprising a cylindrical shell 13 that has predetermined internal diameter and thickness, preferably made from steel.
  • heat exchange units and many steam drums can be provided that operate at different pressures, respectively.
  • figure 1 heat recovery steam generator
  • three steam drums 12, 14 and 16 are provided, which operate at high pressure (for example 110 bar of relative pressure), medium pressure (for example 25 bar of relative pressure) and low pressure (for example 5 bar of relative pressure), respectively.
  • the cylindrical shell 13 of the steam drum 12 has a substantially horizontal axis and is closed at the opposite ends by respective bottoms 13a and 13b, being equipped with at least one inlet opening 12a for a water/steam mixture, with at least one outlet opening 12b for water and with at least one outlet opening 12c for steam.
  • the steam generator 10 comprises heating means 18 externally associated with the cylindrical shell 13 of said separation chamber 12 and able to be activated autonomously on it.
  • the heating means 18 are externally associated with at least part of said cylindrical shell 13. In the case in which there are many steam drums (14 and 16), the heating means can also be associated with them.
  • said heating means 18 comprise a tube 20 wound in a spiral on the shell 13 ( figure 2a ) and run by a heating fluid (liquid or gas), such as diathermic oil or steam (a part of the steam produced by the generator 10 itself can be used) or even hot gases coming, for example, from the discharge of a gas turbine, arranged upstream of the steam generator 10 in a combined cycle thermoelectric plant.
  • a heating fluid liquid or gas
  • the tube 20, as well as being wound in a spiral on the shell 13, can also be shaped in a serpentine manner, as shown in figure 2b .
  • a plurality of tubes of the same type as the tube 20 can be provided.
  • a plurality of ring-shaped tubes, run by a heating fluid of the aforementioned type can be provided, that are wound around the shell 13 and that are preferably connected in parallel through a tube that acts as a distributor.
  • said heating means 18 comprise a cylindrical jacket provided around the shell 13, in contact with it and run by a heating fluid of the aforementioned type.
  • said heating means 18 comprise electrical resistances wound in a spiral on the shell 13.
  • a thermally insulating coating 22 is provided around the tube 20, the jacket or the electrical resistances associated with the shell 13, respectively, which are in contact with it, in order to heat the outer surface of the shell 13 in an efficient manner.
  • the heating means 18 can also comprise tubes 24, or electrical resistances, wound in a spiral on the inlet and outlet openings 12a and 12b and on the outlet opening 12c.
  • the tubes 24, or the electrical resistances are wound in a spiral on at least one of the aforementioned openings.
  • the heating means 18 are provided for those components of the generator 10 that have a large thickness, such as collectors and tubes of superheated steam and valves with a large diameter.
  • heating means 18 can be provided that are externally associated with at least part of portions with large thickness of the steam generator 10 and able to be activated autonomously on them.
  • the invention also refers to the use of heating means 18 in the steam generator 10, said heating means 18 being suitable for being externally associated with at least part of said portions of the steam generator 10 itself and being suitable for being able to be activated autonomously on them.
  • the heat exchange unit 11 is arranged in a heat exchange relationship with a heat source, thanks to which a water/steam mixture is generated, fed continuously to the separation chamber 12 through the inlet opening 12a.
  • the heating means 18 act on the entire outer surface of the shell 13 of the steam drum 12 and, where it is provided, on those components of the generator 10 that have a large thickness, such as collectors and tubes of superheated steam and valves with a large diameter.
  • the dispensing of heat by the heating means 18 begins as soon as the generator 10 is started or rather in a period of time that precedes the actual starting of the generator 10, i.e. before the operating fluids (i.e. the water/steam mixture and the steam that frees itself from it) circulate in the steam drum 12 itself.
  • the operating fluids i.e. the water/steam mixture and the steam that frees itself from it
  • the dispensing of heat is controlled in such a way that the temperatures assumed along the thickness of the steam drum 12 are substantially uniform, during the entire start-up.
  • control means are also provided that detect the temperature on the outer wall of the shell 13 of the steam drum 12 and of the components to be heated and that regulate the thermal energy to be dispensed, so that the amount of heat brought by the heating means 18 is suitable during the entire starting of the generator 10.
  • the dispensing of heat is interrupted after said starting of the generator 10, once the normal operating conditions have been reached.
  • the steam generator according to the invention solves the technical problem and gives numerous advantages the first of which lies in the fact that the generator can be started an unusually high number of times.
  • the starting times of the generator can be very quick, without risk to the production life of the thickest components, in particular of the steam drum operating at a high pressure.
  • thermoelectric plant i.e. in the case of use as a heat recovery steam generator
  • the heat exchange unit of the generator is placed in heat exchange relationship with the hot gases discharged by the gas turbine of the gas cycle of the thermoelectric plant itself.
  • the heat exchange unit of the generator is placed in heat exchange relationship with the hot fumes originating from the burning of the fuel in a combustion chamber provided in the generator itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Dampfgenerator (10), der zumindest eine Wärmetauschereinheit (11) umfasst, die in Fluidverbindung mit mindestens einer Flüssigkeits/Gas-Trennkammer (12, 14, 16) steht, wobei die Flüssigkeits/Gas-Trennkammer mit Abschnitten (12a, 12b, 12c, 13) mit einer vorbestimmten Dicke ausgestattet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) aufweist, die außen mit zumindest einem Teil der Abschnitte (12a, 12b, 12c, 13) des Dampfgenerators (10) verbunden sind und mit eigener Regelung an diesen aktiviert werden können.
  2. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die mindestens eine Flüssigkeits/Gas-Trennkammer (12, 14, 16) eine zylindrische Hülle (13) mit vorbestimmtem Innendurchmesser und vorbestimmter Dicke aufweist, und die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) außen mit zumindest einem Teil der zylindrischen Hülle (13) der mindestens einen Flüssigkeits/Gas-Trennkammer (12, 14, 16) verbunden sind und mit eigener Regelung an ihr aktiviert werden können.
  3. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) zumindest ein Rohr (20) umfassen, das in einer Spirale um die Hülle (13) gelegt ist und von einem Erwärmungsfluid durchströmt wird.
  4. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) mehrere ringförmige Rohre aufweisen, die von einem Erwärmungsfluid durchströmt werden und um die Hülle (13) gelegt sind, wobei die Rohre durch ein Rohr, welches als Verteiler wirkt, parallel miteinander verbunden sind.
  5. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) einen zylindrischen Mantel umfassen, der um die Hülle (13) herum vorgesehen ist, in Berührung mit dieser steht und von einem Erwärmungsfluid durchströmt wird.
  6. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 3 oder 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Erwärmungsfluid aus heißen Gasen besteht, die vom Auslass einer Gasturbine kommen, oder ein diathermisches Öl oder Dampf ist.
  7. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Rohr (20) schlangenlinienförmig gestaltet ist.
  8. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) elektrische Widerstände aufweisen, die in einer Spirale um die Hülle (13) gelegt sind.
  9. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass um die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) herum eine wärmeisolierende Beschichtung (22) vorgesehen ist.
  10. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Steuereinrichtungen vorgesehen sind, die Temperaturen an der Außenwand der Hülle (13) erfassen.
  11. Dampfgenerator (10) nach Anspruch 2, wobei die zylindrische Hülle (13) mit mindestens einer Einlassöffnung (12a) für ein Wasser/Dampf-Gemisch, mit mindestens einer Auslassöffnung (12b) für Wasser und mindestens einer Auslassöffnung (12c) für Dampf ausgestattet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) außen mit mindestens einem Teil der zylindrischen Hülle (13) von mindestens einer der Trennkammern (12, 14, 16) verbunden sind und außen mit mindestens einer der Öffnungen (12a, 12b, 12c) verbunden sind, wobei die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) an dem zumindest einen Teil der zylindrischen Hülle (13) und an der mindestens einen der Öffnungen (12a, 12b, 12c) mit eigener Regelung aktiviert werden können.
  12. Dampfgenerator nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) Rohre (24) oder elektrische Widerstände umfassen, die in einer Spirale um mindestens eine der Einlass- und Auslassöffnungen gelegt sind.
  13. Verwendung von Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) in einem Dampfgenerator (10), mit mindestens einer Wärmetauschereinheit (11), die in Fluidverbindung mit mindestens einer Flüssigkeits/Gas-Trennkammer (12, 14, 16) steht und mit Abschnitten (12a, 12b, 12c, 13) mit großer Dicke ausgestattet ist, wobei die Erwärmungseinrichtungen (18) dazu geeignet sind, außen mit zumindest einem Teil der Abschnitte (12a, 12b, 12c, 13) des Dampfgenerators (10) verbunden zu werden und dazu geeignet sind, mit eigener Regelung an diesen aktiviert werden zu können.
EP04030969A 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Dampferzeuger Not-in-force EP1684011B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE602004024705T DE602004024705D1 (de) 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Dampferzeuger
AT04030969T ATE452314T1 (de) 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Dampferzeuger
EP04030969A EP1684011B1 (de) 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Dampferzeuger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04030969A EP1684011B1 (de) 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Dampferzeuger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1684011A1 EP1684011A1 (de) 2006-07-26
EP1684011B1 true EP1684011B1 (de) 2009-12-16

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EP04030969A Not-in-force EP1684011B1 (de) 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Dampferzeuger

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EP (1) EP1684011B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE452314T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004024705D1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103453512A (zh) * 2013-09-24 2013-12-18 哈尔滨鑫北源电站设备制造有限公司 一种卧式汽水分离器壳体
WO2014028107A3 (en) * 2012-08-13 2015-07-02 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Rapid startup heat recovery steam generator

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8839622B2 (en) * 2007-04-16 2014-09-23 General Electric Company Fluid flow in a fluid expansion system
EP2333409A1 (de) 2009-12-04 2011-06-15 Son S.R.L. Wärmerückgewinnungs-Dampfgenerator, Verfahren zur Stärkung eines Wärmerückgewinnungs-Dampfgenerators sowie zugehöriges Verfahren Stromerzeugung
US20110174240A1 (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-07-21 Alstom Technology Ltd. Controlling variables in boiler pressure vessels
EP2505915A1 (de) 2011-04-01 2012-10-03 Nooter/Eriksen s.r.l. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung der Rippenrohre eines Wärmetauschers in einem Wärmerückgewinnungsdampfgenerator

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4487166A (en) * 1981-06-08 1984-12-11 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Start-up system for once-through boilers
DE59206233D1 (de) * 1991-12-23 1996-06-13 Abb Management Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Zwanglaufdampferzeugers und Zwanglaufdampferzeuger dazu
DE4229847A1 (de) * 1992-09-07 1994-03-10 Siemens Ag Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung
DE4303613C2 (de) * 1993-02-09 1998-12-17 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Dampf in einem Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeuger

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014028107A3 (en) * 2012-08-13 2015-07-02 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Rapid startup heat recovery steam generator
CN103453512A (zh) * 2013-09-24 2013-12-18 哈尔滨鑫北源电站设备制造有限公司 一种卧式汽水分离器壳体

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1684011A1 (de) 2006-07-26
ATE452314T1 (de) 2010-01-15
DE602004024705D1 (de) 2010-01-28

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