EP1674611A1 - Process for increasing the water impermeability of textile fabrics, so treated products and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Increasing the waterproofness of porous textiles comprises applying a suspension of particles in a solvent and removing the solvent so that the particles are fixed to the textile fibers to form a structure of elevations with a height 20 nm -100 mu m and a spacing of 20 nm -100 mu m. The particles have an average size of 0.02-100 mu m and are hydrophobic, or are nonhydrophobic and then hydrophobized. An independent claim is also included for textiles with increased waterproofness, comprising fibers with a hydrophobic surface structure of elevations with a height 20 nm to 100 mu m and a spacing of 20 nm to 100 mu m.

Description

The present invention is a method for increasing the water-tightness of materials, materials produced by this method and their use.

Hydrophobic permeable materials have long been known. Above all, membranes of Teflon, but also of other organic polymers can be mentioned here. These are suitable for a large field of application, in which it depends on the fact that the material passage through the porous material takes place only in the form of gas or vapor, but not as a liquid. These materials are produced, for example, by stretching Teflon films, resulting in the smallest cracks, which then allow the passage of steam or gas. Water droplets are retained by the hydrophobic material because they can not penetrate the pores due to the large surface tension and the lack of wettability of the surfaces of the hydrophobic materials.

Such hydrophobic materials are suitable for gas and vapor permeation, but also for membrane filtration. In addition, they are used in many areas as inert filter materials. A disadvantage of these materials is in particular the relatively complicated production of these materials, which lead to relatively high prices and thus prevent a general distribution of these materials.

Relatively inexpensive systems have as base materials tissue or nonwovens. For impregnation, these are usually coated with Flourkohlenwasserstoffen, especially with Teflon. This coating is commonly referred to as fluorocarbon equipment (term from chemical cleaning). The fluorocarbon finishes hydrophobize these fabrics. By hydrophobing increased waterproofness can be achieved. The technique can most likely be attributed to the sol-gel technique, since a monomolecular coating is produced. The water vapor permeability is not affected by the fluorocarbons or at least almost unaffected. However, the fluorocarbon finish of fabrics or nonwovens is also complicated and therefore expensive.

A more convenient and easier method to increase the water-tightness of materials is the polyurethane coating of materials. In this type of coating but similar coatings are applied to the fabrics or nonwovens, which indeed have a superior water resistance, but at the same time have a water vapor permeability of almost zero, since the porosity of the fabric or nonwoven is lost.

It was therefore the task to provide a simpler method, waterproof fabrics, ie in particular nonwovens, fabrics, knitted fabrics or felts waterproof, the waterproofness of the fiber materials should be as high as possible and at the same time should be compared to the untreated fiber material almost unchanged water vapor permeability.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the waterproofing of textile fabrics can be increased by coating the textile fabrics or the fibers of the textile fabrics with hydrophobic particles, as described, for example, in US Pat. already practiced to achieve the lotus effect.

The invention is thus based on the so-called lotus effect, ie the principle of self-cleaning, which is generally known. To achieve a good self-cleaning (superhydrophobicity) of a surface, the surface must also have a certain roughness in addition to a very hydrophobic surface. A suitable combination of structure and hydrophobicity makes it possible that even small amounts of moving water take along adhering dirt particles on the surface and clean the surface (WO 96/04123).

Prior art is according to EP 0 933 388, that for such self-cleaning surfaces, an aspect ratio of> 1 and a surface energy of less than 20 mN / m is required. The aspect ratio is defined as the quotient of height to width of the structure. The aforementioned criteria are realized in nature, for example in the lotus leaf. The The surface of the plant formed from a hydrophobic waxy material has elevations a few μm apart. Drops of water essentially only come into contact with the tips of the elevations. Such water repellent surfaces have been widely described in the literature.

EP 0 909 747 teaches a method for producing a self-cleaning surface. The surface has hydrophobic elevations with a height of 5 to 200 microns. Such a surface is prepared by applying a dispersion of powder particles and an inert material in a siloxane solution and then curing. The structure-forming particles are thus fixed by an auxiliary medium on the substrate.

WO 00/58410 concludes that it is technically possible to make surfaces of articles artificially self-cleaning. The surface structures of elevations and depressions required for this purpose have a spacing between the elevations of the surface structures in the range from 0.1 to 200 μm and a height of the elevation in the range from 0.1 to 100 μm. The materials used for this purpose must consist of hydrophobic polymers or permanently hydrophobized material.

DE 101 18 348 describes polymer fibers with self-cleaning surfaces, in which the self-cleaning surface is obtained by the action of a solvent comprising structure-forming particles, dissolution of the surface of the polymer fibers by the solvent, attachment of the structure-forming particles to the loosened surface and removal of the solvent becomes. The disadvantage of this method is that when processing the polymer fibers (spinning, knitting, etc.), the structure-forming particles and thus the structure which causes the self-cleaning surface can be damaged or may even be completely lost and thus the self-cleaning effect also lost goes.

In DE 101 18 346 textile fabrics with self-cleaning and water-repellent surface, composed of at least one synthetic and / or natural textile base material A and an artificial, at least partially hydrophobic surface with Elevations and depressions of particles, which are firmly bonded to the base material A without adhesives, resins or lacquers, described by treating the base material A with at least one solvent which contains the particles undissolved, and removing the solvent, wherein at least a part of the Particles are firmly bonded to the surface of the base material A, are obtained.

It could not be deduced from any of these documents, however, that by applying hydrophobic particles or non-hydrophobic particles which are rendered hydrophobic after application, it is possible to produce textile fabrics which have increased water-tightness.

The present invention therefore relates to a process for increasing the water-tightness of porous textile fabrics, which is characterized in that hydrophobic particles or non-hydrophobic particles, which are hydrophobized in a subsequent process step, having an average particle size of 0.02, are applied to the textile fabrics to 100 microns by applying a suspension which has the particles in a solvent, and then removing the solvent are applied, which are fixed to the fibers of the fabrics and thus equipped the surfaces of the fibers with a structure of elevations and / or depressions are, wherein the elevations have a distance of 20 nm to 100 microns and a height of 20 nm to 100 microns.

Likewise provided by the present invention are textile fabrics with increased water-tightness, which are characterized in that the fabrics have fibers which have a hydrophobic surface structure of elevations with an average height of 50 nm to 25 μm and an average spacing of 50 nm to 25 μm ,

The fabrics of the invention are versatile. As membranes, they have the advantage over conventional purely organic membranes that, due to the self-cleaning properties, significantly longer lifetimes than membranes without self-cleaning surfaces. By hydrophobing the surfaces of the membrane Because of the hydrophobic particles, the pores, in particular the number of pores and their size, are not substantially influenced by the hydrophobization, which is why a sheet according to the invention has almost the same flow or retention properties as the corresponding untreated sheet (of course with the exception of the permeability for Water).

Both textile fabrics and membranes are characterized by a high porosity. The pores or holes may be considered as channels whose width is determined by the pore size and their length by their path through the membrane or sheet. Usually, the length of these channels is longer than the thickness of the textiles. Water has to diffuse through these channels.

Also as technical textiles, the fabrics according to the invention have considerable advantages. The water vapor permeability is not reduced although the permeability to liquid water is significantly reduced. This effect is also exploited in the vapor permeation, which is why the fabrics according to the invention are particularly suitable as a membrane in such processes. The process for producing the sheets has the advantage that it can be produced in a very simple manner, e.g. can be prepared by spraying a particle suspension.

The process according to the invention and textile fabrics produced by this process are described below, without the invention being restricted to these embodiments.

The method according to the invention for increasing the water-tightness of porous textile fabrics is characterized in that particles, in particular hydrophobic particles or non-hydrophobic particles, which are rendered hydrophobic in a subsequent process step, have an average particle size of 0.02 to 100 μm Applying a suspension which has the particles undissolved in a solvent, and then removing the solvent are applied, which are fixed to the fibers or the Substart of the fabrics and thus the surfaces of the fibers or of the Substarts be equipped with a structure of elevations and / or depressions, wherein the elevations have a distance of 20 nm to 100 microns and a height of 20 nm to 100 microns.

Knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, fleeces or felts or membranes can be used as textile fabrics. Preferably, such fabrics have a mean mesh size or average pore size of 0.5 to 200 .mu.m, preferably from 0.5 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m and particularly preferably from 0.5 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m.

The application of the suspension to at least one surface of the fabric may be carried out in various ways known to those skilled in the art, e.g. Spraying, knife coating, dipping or rolling done. Preferably, the particles are applied by dipping the sheet into the suspension or by spraying the suspension onto the sheet. Particularly preferably, the application is carried out and fixed in such a way that the particles are present not only on the surface of the textile fabric but also in the pores or meshes of the textile fabric. Due to the presence of the hydrophobic or hydrophobized particles in the pores or mesh, a particularly good water resistance is achieved.

The fixing of the particles after the application of the suspension can take place in various ways. The simplest type is that the surface of the fibers of the textile fabric is not dissolved by the solvent, and after removal of the solvent, the particles adhere to the surface of the fibers or of the substrate. Suitable solvents which do not dissolve the surface of the object to be coated are, for example, compounds selected from the group of alcohols, glycols, ethers, glycol ethers, ketones, esters, amides, nitro compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons or a mixture thereof. For each fiber material or substrate material in each case a suitable solvent must be selected, which does not dissolve the fiber material.

In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the surface of the fibers is dissolved by the solvent. After removal of the solvent, the particles are anchored in the surface of the fibers. The surface which is dissolved by a solvent preferably comprises polymers based on polycarbonates, poly (meth) acrylates, polyamides, PVC, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, aliphatic linear or branched alkenes, cyclic alkenes, polystyrenes, polyesters, polyethersulfones, polyacrylonitrile or polyalkylene terephthalates, as well as their mixtures or copolymers.

The solvent used is preferably at least one compound suitable as a solvent for the corresponding surface from the group of alcohols, glycols, ethers, glycol ethers, ketones, esters, amides, nitro compounds, halohydrocarbons, aliphatic and aromatic Hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof used. Particularly preferred solvent is at least one suitable solvent for the corresponding surface selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, octanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, cresol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, anisole, dioxane, dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, monoethylene glycol , Diethylene glycol ether, triethylene glycol ether, polyethylene glycol ether, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, iso-amyl acetate, ethylhexyl acetate, glycol ester, dimethylformamide, pyridine, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactone, acetonitrile, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform , Tetrachloromethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorophenol, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, benzines, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, tetralin, terpenes, benzene, toluene or xylene or mixtures thereof.

In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, it has proved to be advantageous if the dispersion or the solvent comprising the particles, prior to application to the surface, a temperature of -30 ° C to 300 ° C, preferably 25 to 100 ° C. , having.

The particles used are preferably selected from silicates, minerals, metal oxides, metal powders, silicas, pigments or polymers, especially preferably from pyrogenic silicic acids, precipitated silicas, alumina, mixed oxides, doped silicates, titanium dioxides or pulverulent polymers.

The particles used preferably have an average particle size of 0.05 to 30 .mu.m, preferably from 0.1 to 10 .mu.m. However, suitable particles may also have a diameter of less than 500 nm or be composed of primary particles to agglomerates or aggregates having a size of 0.2 to 100 microns.

Particularly preferred particles which form the elevations are those which have an irregular fine structure in the nanometer range on the surface. In this case, the particles with the irregular fine structure preferably have elevations or fine structures with an aspect ratio of greater than 1, particularly preferably greater than 1.5. The aspect ratio is again defined as the quotient of the maximum height to the maximum width of the survey. In Fig. 1, the difference of the protrusions formed by the particles and the protrusions formed by the fine structure is schematically illustrated. FIG. 1 shows the surface of a fabric X which has particles P (only one particle is shown to simplify the illustration). The elevation formed by the particle itself has an aspect ratio of about 0.71, calculated as the quotient of the maximum height of the particle mH, which is 5, since only the part of the particle makes a contribution to the elevation protrudes from the surface of the sheet X , and the maximum width mB, which is in proportion to 7. A selected elevation of the elevations E, which are present on the particles by the fine structure of the particles, has an aspect ratio of 2.5, calculated as the quotient of the maximum height of the elevation mH ', which is 2.5 and the maximum width mB ', which is 1 in proportion.

Preferred particles which have an irregular fine structure in the nanometer range at the surface are those particles which comprise at least one compound selected from fumed silica, precipitated silicas, alumina, mixed oxides, doped silicates, titanium dioxides or pulverulent polymers.

It may be advantageous if the particles have hydrophobic properties, wherein the hydrophobic properties may be due to the material properties of the materials present on the surfaces of the particles themselves or may be obtained by treatment of the particles with a suitable compound. The particles may have been provided with hydrophobic properties before or after application to the surface of the sheet.

For hydrophobization of the particles before or after application to the fabric, they may be combined with a suitable hydrophobing compound e.g. from the group of alkylsilanes, fluoroalkylsilanes or disilazanes.

In the following, most preferred particles are explained in more detail. The particles can come from different areas. For example, it may be silicates, doped silicates, minerals, metal oxides, alumina, silicic acids or titanium dioxides, aerosils or powdery polymers, such as. Spray-dried and agglomerated emulsions or cryogenic PTFE. Particularly suitable particle systems are hydrophobized pyrogenic silicas, so-called Aerosils®. In addition to the structure, a hydrophobicity is needed to generate the self-cleaning surfaces. The particles used may themselves be hydrophobic, such as powdered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The particles may be hydrophobic, such as the Aerosil VPR 411® or Aerosil R 8200®. But they can also be subsequently hydrophobicized. It is immaterial whether the particles are rendered hydrophobic before application or after application. Such particles to be hydrophobized are, for example, Aeroperl 90 / 30®, Sipernat silica 350®, aluminum oxide C®, zirconium silicate, vanadium-doped or Aeroperl P 25 / 20®. In the case of the latter, the hydrophobization expediently takes place by treatment with perfluoroalkylsilane compounds and subsequent heat treatment. Particularly preferred particles are the Aerosile® VPLE 8241, VPR411 and R202 from Degussa AG.

By means of the method according to the invention, the textile fabrics of the invention with increased water-tightness can be produced, which are characterized in that the fabrics have fibers which have a hydrophobic surface structure of elevations having a mean height of 50 nm to 25 microns and a mean distance of 50 nm to 25 microns.

The surface structure formed by the particles, which may have self-cleaning properties, preferably has elevations with an average height of 20 nm to 25 μm and an average spacing of 20 nm to 25 μm, preferably with an average height of 50 nm to 10 μm and / or an average distance of 50 nm to 10 microns and most preferably with an average height of 50 nm to 4 microns and / or a mean distance of 50 nm to 4 microns on. Most preferably, the fabrics according to the invention have fibers with surfaces having surface elevations with an average height of 0.25 to 1 μm and an average spacing of 0.25 to 1 μm. For the purposes of the present invention, the mean distance between the elevations is understood to mean the distance between the highest elevation of an elevation to the next highest elevation. If an elevation has the shape of a cone, the top of the cone represents the highest elevation of the elevation. If the elevation is a cuboid, the top surface of the cuboid represents the highest elevation of the elevation. The particles are preferably in one average distance from each other from 0 to 10 particle diameters, preferably 3 to 5 particle diameter to each other before.

As particles, the above-described particles may be present. The particles can be fixed directly on the surface of the fibers of the textile fabrics by physical forces or in the surface of the fibers themselves or by means of a binder system. The fabrics may e.g. Fibers, nonwovens, fabrics or felts or membranes. In the context of the present invention, fibers are also understood to mean filaments, threads or similar objects which can be processed into nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics or felts.

Very particularly preferred textile fabrics have a polymer fleece. The polymer fibers are preferably selected from polyacrylonitrile, polyamides, polyimides, polyacrylates, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyolefins, such as polypropylene, polyethylene or mixtures of these polymers. It can be advantageous if the polymer fibers of the textile fabric have a diameter of 1 to 25 microns, preferably from 2 to 15 microns. If the polymer fibers are significantly thicker than the mentioned ranges, the flexibility of the fabric suffers. If the polymer fibers are significantly thinner, the tear strength of the textile fabric decreases so much that commercial use and further processing are only with difficulty possible.

If the fabrics according to the invention have self-cleaning properties, these are attributable to the wetting properties which result from the contact angle formed by a water droplet with a surface. A contact angle of 0 degrees means a complete wetting of the surface. The measurement of the static contact angle usually takes place by means of devices in which the contact angle is optically determined. On smooth hydrophobic surfaces usually static contact angles of less than 125 ° are measured. The present fabrics with self-cleaning properties have static contact angles of preferably greater than 130 °, preferably greater than 140 ° and very particularly preferably greater than 145 °. It has also been found that a surface has good self-cleaning properties only if it has a difference between advancing and retreating angle of 10 ° maximum, therefore, inventive sheet with self-cleaning properties preferably a difference between advancing and retreating angle of less than 10 °, preferably less than 5 ° and most preferably less than 4 °. For the determination of the advancing angle, a drop of water is placed on the surface by means of a cannula and, by adding water through the cannula, the drops on the surface are enlarged. During enlargement, the edge of the drop slides over the surface and the angle of contact is determined. The retraction angle is measured on the same drop, except that water is withdrawn from the drop through the cannula and the contact angle is measured during the reduction of the drop. The difference between the two angles is called hysteresis. The smaller the difference, the lower the interaction of the water droplet with the surface of the substrate and the better the lotus effect (the self-cleaning property).

Depending on the production method of the inventive fabrics, surface structures are obtained on the fibers which have a different aspect ratio formed by the particles. If the particles are anchored in the surface of the fibers or the particles are anchored with a binder system, the surface structure preferably has an aspect ratio of the elevations of greater than 0.15. Preferably, the elevations formed by the particles themselves have an aspect ratio of from 0.3 to 0.9, more preferably from 0.5 to 0.8. The aspect ratio is defined as the quotient of maximum height to the maximum width of the structure of the surveys.

In order to achieve the mentioned aspect ratios, it is advantageous if at least some of the particles, preferably more than 50% of the particles, are embedded in the surface of the fiber or in the binder system only up to 90% of their diameter. The surface therefore preferably has particles which are anchored with 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 50% and very particularly preferably 30 to 40% of their mean particle diameter in the surface or in the binder system and thus with parts of their inherently fissured surface still sticking out of the surface. In this way it is ensured that the elevations formed by the particles themselves have a sufficiently high aspect ratio of preferably at least 0.15. In this way it is also achieved that the firmly bonded particles are very durable connected to the surface of the film. The aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of maximum height to maximum width of the surveys. An ideal spherical particle, which protrudes 70% from the surface of the fiber of the fabric, has an aspect ratio of 0.7 according to this definition.

It may be advantageous if the textile fabric according to the invention comprises a second or more, treated or untreated fabrics which are present on one or both sides of the particle-finished fabric. The additional existing fabrics may be connected to the first sheet. This can be done for example by gluing, especially at the edges. However, the fabrics can also be sewn or quilted with one another with the first fabric, so that there is a firm bond as a textile fabric. By not applying With or with particles equipped fabrics on one or two sides of the particle-treated sheet can be achieved that, especially in not firmly anchored to the surface of the fibers particles, these particles are not carried away by the fabric but remain firmly fixed on the surface , By using different fabrics on one or both sides, it is possible to produce fabrics whose one side has a particular high degree of waterproofness, while the other side has a somewhat hydrophilic surface. In this way, textile fabrics are available, which are particularly well suited in the sports sector, moisture in the form of sweat through the fabric to lead to the outside and at the same time to prevent ingress of rainwater.

The textile fabrics according to the invention have a waterproofness which is significantly better than the water-tightness of textile fabrics which have no particles. The maximum mesh size or pore width of fabrics to be treated increases with increasing thickness of the fabrics, as the channels become longer due to the increasing thickness. Preferably, fabrics of the invention have a water resistance of greater than 20 cm, preferably greater than 25 cm of water, measured in accordance with DIN EN 13562 on.

The fabrics of the present invention can be used to make umbrellas, awnings, tents, textile construction materials, and the like. The method can be used for finishing umbrellas, tents, awnings, textile construction materials and the like with textile fabrics according to the invention. The inventively equipped articles show a particularly good water resistance.

The method according to the invention and the textile fabric according to the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the FIG. 1, without being restricted thereto.

In Fig. 1, the difference of the bumps formed by the particles and the bumps formed by the fine structure is schematically illustrated. The figure shows in simplified form the surface of a fabric X which has particles P (only one particle is shown to simplify the illustration). The survey by the Particle itself is formed, has an aspect ratio of about 0.71, calculated as the quotient of the maximum height of the particle mH, which is 5, since only the part of the particle makes a contribution to the survey, which from the surface of the fabric or of the fibers of the sheet X and the maximum width mB which is 7 in proportion. A selected elevation of the elevations E, which are present on the particles by the fine structure of the particles, has an aspect ratio of 2.5, calculated as the quotient of the maximum height of the elevation mH ', which is 2.5 and the maximum width mB ', which is 1 in proportion.

The process according to the invention is described by way of example with reference to the following examples, without the invention being restricted thereto.

Example 1:

A polyester fabric, fiber diameter 20 microns, is immersed in a heated to 50 ° C suspension of 1 wt.% Aerosil VPLE 8241 in decalin for 10 seconds. Subsequently, the fabric is dried so that no solvent remains on the surface.

To check the watertightness, the fabric is stretched under a glass column with a diameter of 2.5 cm. The glass column is now slowly filled with water from above. The filling was stopped when the second drop of water had been forced through the treated fabric according to the invention. The water column produced in the glass column until then was measured. In the same way, an untreated tissue was tested. It was found that a water column 25 cm high could be built up on the fabric treated according to the invention before the second drop of water was forced through the fabric. On the untreated tissue tested for comparative purposes, only a water column of 4 cm height could be built up before the second drop of water was forced through the tissue. By the treatment according to the invention, the waterproofness of the polyester fabric could be increased by more than 600%.

Example 2:

A polyester fabric, fiber diameter 15 microns, is immersed in a heated to 50 ° C suspension of 1 wt .-% Aerosil VPLE 8241 in toluene for 10 seconds. Subsequently, the fabric is dried so that no solvent remains on the surface.

To check the watertightness, the fabric is tested as in Example 1. It was found that a water column of 110 cm height could be built on the tissue treated according to the invention before the second drop of water was forced through the tissue. On the untreated fabric tested for comparative purposes, only a water column of 40 cm height could be built up before the second drop of water was forced through the fabric. By the treatment according to the invention, the waterproofness of the polyester fabric could be increased by more than 100%.

Claims (18)

Process for increasing the water-tightness of porous textile fabrics,
characterized,
in that hydrophobic particles or non-hydrophobic particles which are rendered hydrophobic in a subsequent method step having an average particle size of 0.02 to 100 μm are applied to the textile fabrics by applying a suspension which comprises the particles in a solvent and subsequently removing the solvent which are fixed to the fibers of the textile fabrics and thus the surfaces of the fibers are provided with a structure of elevations and / or depressions, wherein the elevations have a distance of 20 nm to 100 microns and a height of 20 nm to 100 microns , Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, fleeces or felts or membranes are used as textile fabrics. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the application of the suspension is carried out on at least one surface of the fabric by immersion of the sheet in the suspension. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that the suspension is applied to at least one surface of an article by spraying the suspension onto the fabric. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the surface of the fibers of the textile fabric is not dissolved by the solvent, and after removal of the solvent, the particles adhere to the surface of the fibers of the textile fabric. Method according to claim 5,
characterized,
that as solvent at least one suitable compound that the surface of the not dissolve to be coated article, from the group of the alcohols, the glycols, the ethers, the glycol ethers, the ketones, the esters, the amides, the nitro compounds, the halogenated hydrocarbons, the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons or a mixture thereof is used. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the surface of the fibers is solubilized by the solvent, and after removal of the solvent, the particles are anchored in the surface of the fibers. Method according to claim 7,
characterized,
that the surface which is dissolved by a solvent, polymers based on polycarbonates, poly (meth) acrylates, polyamides, PVC, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, aliphatic linear or branched alkenes, cyclic alkenes, polystyrenes, polyesters, polyethersulfones, polyacrylonitrile or Polyalkylene terephthalates, as well as their mixtures or copolymers. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8,
characterized,
in that as solvent at least one compound suitable as solvent for the corresponding surface from the group of the alcohols, the glycols, the ethers, the glycol ethers, the ketones, the esters, the amides, the nitro compounds, the Halogenated hydrocarbons, the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof is used. Method according to claim 9,
characterized,
in that at least one compound suitable as solvent for the corresponding surface is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, cresol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, anisole, dioxane, dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, monoethylene glycol ether, diethylene glycol ether , Triethylene glycol ethers, polyethylene glycol ethers, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, iso-amyl acetate, ethylhexyl acetate, glycol esters, dimethylformamide, pyridine, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactone, acetonitrile, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride , Trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorophenol, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, benzines, petroleum ethers, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, tetralin, terpenes, benzene, toluene or xylene or mixtures thereof. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that the solvent which comprises the particles, prior to application to the surface a temperature of -30 ° C to 300 ° C, preferably 25 to 100 ° C, comprising. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized,
that the particles have an average particle size of 0.05 to 30 microns. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized,
that the non-hydrophobic particles are provided by a treatment with at least one compound from the group of alkylsilanes, fluoroalkylsilanes and / or disilazanes having hydrophobic properties. Textile fabrics with increased waterproofness,
characterized,
in that the fabrics have fibers which have a hydrophobic surface structure of elevations with an average height of 50 nm to 25 μm and an average spacing of 50 nm to 25 μm. A fabric according to claim 14,
characterized
manufactured by a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 13. A fabric according to claim 14 or 15,
characterized,
that they have a water resistance of greater than 20 cm of water, measured in accordance with DIN EN 13562. A fabric according to claim 16,
characterized,
that they have a water resistance of greater than 25 cm water column. A sheet according to at least one of claims 14 to 17,
characterized,
that they are used for the production of umbrellas, tents, awnings or textile construction materials.

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