EP1673309A1 - Appareil et procede permettant de traiter un fluide au moyen d'un recipient de traitement - Google Patents

Appareil et procede permettant de traiter un fluide au moyen d'un recipient de traitement

Info

Publication number
EP1673309A1
EP1673309A1 EP20040768682 EP04768682A EP1673309A1 EP 1673309 A1 EP1673309 A1 EP 1673309A1 EP 20040768682 EP20040768682 EP 20040768682 EP 04768682 A EP04768682 A EP 04768682A EP 1673309 A1 EP1673309 A1 EP 1673309A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
drum
fluid
catalyst
light source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20040768682
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Robert Gordon University ROBERTSON
Ian Robert Gordon University CAMPBELL
Donnacher Robert Gordon University RUSSELL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Gordon University
Original Assignee
Robert Gordon University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0322843A external-priority patent/GB0322843D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0412589A external-priority patent/GB0412589D0/en
Application filed by Robert Gordon University filed Critical Robert Gordon University
Publication of EP1673309A1 publication Critical patent/EP1673309A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
    • B01J19/006—Baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2445—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside placed in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/28—Moving reactors, e.g. rotary drums
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763—Baffles
    • B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
    • B01J2219/0077—Baffles attached to the reactor wall inclined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763—Baffles
    • B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
    • B01J2219/0077—Baffles attached to the reactor wall inclined
    • B01J2219/00772—Baffles attached to the reactor wall inclined in a helix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763—Baffles
    • B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
    • B01J2219/00777—Baffles attached to the reactor wall horizontal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0877—Liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0892—Materials to be treated involving catalytically active material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
    • C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
    • C02F2201/3221—Lamps suspended above a water surface or pipe
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
    • C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
    • C02F2201/3227—Units with two or more lamps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
    • C02F2201/328—Having flow diverters (baffles)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/024—Turbulent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/026—Spiral, helicoidal, radial
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method fo r treating a fluid, and more particularly but not exclusively, relates to degrading pollutants in ef fluent .
  • Ef luent can be generated domestically and by a number of industries , including pharmaceutical , textile, oil and gas , agricultural , food and chemical sectors .
  • the effluent produced by these industries contains organic compounds that are harmful to the environment and must be treated to remove or break down these compounds .
  • chlorination can produce chlorinated organic compounds which are mutagenic, hydrogen peroxide treatment is expensive and adsorption methods using granular activated carbon produce large volumes of hazardous waste which must be disposed of in the proper manner.
  • a tubular flow reactor comprises a UV lamp enclosed within a tube and a catalyst film adhered to the inside of the tube. Effluent is pumped into one end of the tube and released from the other. Although generally satisfactory, this reactor has a limited number of interactions between the pollutant molecule and the catalyst surface; that is, it is mass transport controlled.
  • Mass transport can be improved somewhat by using batch reactors which operate simply by adding catalyst into effluent and irradiating them with light.
  • the light distribution is poor and the catalyst has to be separated from the effluent after use which leads to further costs.
  • A. flat plate reactor comprises an angled plate with a thin film of catalyst on its surface and a light source provided above the plate. The effluent flows over the plate and is degraded as it passes over the catalyst surface. Mass transport is also a limiting factor in such a reactor. Also, the limited surface area limits the amount of water which can be treated.
  • an apparatus for treating a fluid comprising a container, and a means to move the container.
  • the apparatus is exposed to a light source in use. More preferably, the apparatus comprises a light source and the container is adapted to move with respect to the light source. Alternatively the apparatus may be exposed to sunlight or another light source such as an artificial visible light source.
  • the light source is a UV light source.
  • the container is adapted to allow the passage of light therethrough.
  • the container is transparent.
  • the container is adapted to receive the fluid within a void thereof.
  • the container comprises agitation means so that, in use, the fluid is agitated, preferably in a turbulent manner.
  • the agitation means comprise at least one blade provided on the container.
  • the agitation means may be helically shaped.
  • the agitation means may include curved portions or slots .
  • the agitation means comprise a plurality of paddles.
  • the paddles are spaced apart from each other in, or on, the container.
  • the container is substantially cylindrical.
  • a first end of the agitation means is preferably offset by its second opposite end by around 90°.
  • the paddles are arranged in a helical pattern on the container.
  • the paddles may be arranged in a V- shaped formation.
  • the light source comprises a plurality of light generation means which are preferably equi— spaced around the outer circumference of the cylindrical container.
  • the light generation means comprise UV tubes arranged with their longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical container.
  • the container is adapted to rotate relative to the light source, and preferably it is the container that rotates and the light source is stationary.
  • a catalyst may be provided by any suitable means, for example, on walls of the container or added to the container.
  • the catalyst comprises Ti0 2 . More preferably the Ti0 2 is in the form of pellets. Even more preferably the Ti0 2 pellets are prepared by the process described in US 6,660,243, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
  • the catalyst may be a semi-conductor photo-catalyst such as tungsten oxide, barium titanate, zinc sulphide or tin oxide. Powder or pellets may be used
  • the apparatus is adapted to degrade a portion of any pollutants in the fluid.
  • the container is rotated by a motor means.
  • a drive shaft of the motor means is connected directly to the container.
  • the container may be belt driven or geared.
  • a plurality of containers may be provided.
  • the containers may be connected together by any suitable means, such as fluid transfer plates, which allow fluid to flow between a first container and a second container.
  • a method for treating a fluid comprising inserting a fluid into a container, exposing the container to a light source and moving the container relative to a light source.
  • the container is moved, more preferably rotated, and the light source is stationary.
  • the method according to the second aspect of the invention is performed using the apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the fluid is placed within a void of the container.
  • the light is shined through the container onto a portion of the fluid.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for treating a fluid in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig- 2 is an end view of the apparatus of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic front view of a second embodiment of an apparatus for treating a fluid in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 4a is a side sectional view of a drum comprising straight blades which can form part of the apparatus of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3
  • Fig. 4b is a partially cut-away perspective view of the drum of Fig. 4a
  • Fig. 5 is a portion of a curved blade for use with the apparatus of Fig.
  • Fig. 6 is a partially cut-away perspective view of a second drum comprising spiral blade (s) which can form part of the apparatus of Fig. 1 or Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 7 is a side view of a third drum comprising longitudinally and rotationally spaced apart blade portions which can form part of the apparatus of Fig. 1 or Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a further development of the drum of Fig. 7 which can form part of the apparatus of Fig. 1 or Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 9 is a graph showing the absorbance of light at 664nm by methylene blue against time for a variety of different speeds of a first drum;
  • Fig. 11 is a graph showing the absorbance of light at 664nm by methylene blue against time for a variety of different distances between a light source and the said first drum;
  • Fig. 12 is a graph showing the absorbance of light at 664nm by methylene blue against time for a variety of different H 2 0 2 concentrations for the said first drum;
  • Fig. 11 is a graph showing the absorbance of light at 664nm by methylene blue against time for a variety of different distances between a light source and the said first drum;
  • Fig. 12 is a graph showing the absorbance of light
  • Fig. 14 is a graph showing the absorbance of light at 664nm by methylene blue against time for a variety of different speeds of a second drum
  • Fig. 16 is a graph showing the absorbance of light at 664nm by methylene blue against time for a variety of different distances between a light source and the said second drum
  • Fig. 17 is a graph showing the absorbance of light at 664nm by methylene blue against time for a variety of different H 2 0 2 concentrations for the said second drum
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view a yet further drum which can form part of the apparatus of Fig. 1 or Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 19 is a side view of the Fig. 18 drum;
  • Fig. 20 is second embodiment of the invention comprising a plurality of drums;
  • Fig. 21 is a third embodiment of the invention comprising two drums;
  • Fig. 22 is a fluid transfer plate which forms part of the Fig. 21 embodiment;
  • Fig. 23 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the invention comprising three reactor drums;
  • Fig. 24 is a top view of the Fig. 23 embodiment; and,
  • Fig. 25 is a side view of the Fig. 23 embodiment.
  • FIG. 1-2 A first embodiment of an apparatus 10 for treating a fluid in accordance with the present invention is shown in Figs. 1-2 and comprises a cylindrical drum or container 12, a series of circumferentially equi- spaced ultraviolet (UV) lamps 14, support wheels 16, a drive shaft 18 and a drive band 20.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the drive shaft 18 is connected to a motor 19 which rotates the shaft 18 and the drive band 20 and in turn causes the drum 12 to rotate on the support wheels 16.
  • Removable end caps are preferably provided for the ends 34, 36 of the drum 12 in order to seal fluid therein.
  • the end caps are round pieces of Perspex stuck to the drum 12 and have a shoulder (not shown) adapted to sit firmly within the end of the drum 12 to prevent leaks therefrom.
  • a hole (not shown) is provided within the end caps to allow fluids to be added and removed from the drum 12. The hole can be plugged during use.
  • an input hole may be provided in the centre of the end cap for the end 34 and an output hole provided in the end 36 in an off-centre position.
  • the fluids are allowed to come up to but not rise above the central input hole in the end 34 in use and can drain out of the off-centre output hole of the end 36 once they have been treated.
  • the drum 12 is formed from a transparent material such as PerspexTM and so permits the passage of light from the UV lamps 14 into the drum 12.
  • PerspexTM a transparent material
  • the Perspex chosen was common PMMA although better quality Perspex is preferred to allow more UV light to reach a catalyst (not shown) present in the drum 12.
  • An ultraviolet spectrum was obtained on a sample of the Perspex using a Perkin-Elmer Lambda Series/PECSS Spectrometer to determine the wavelength at which Perspex will not allow the absorbance of light. This was found to be under 190nm.
  • the UV lamps 14 used in the experiments described below operate between 360 and 490nm and so the use of this Perspex did. not distort the experimental results.
  • FIG. 3 A preferred embodiment of an apparatus 100 is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a number of like parts with the apparatus 10 and such like parts will not be described further.
  • a significant di ference is that a motor 122 is connected directly to a drive shaft 118 rather than via a drive band. This allows the drum 112 to rotate freely on support wheels (not shown in Fig. 3) without drag from the elasticity of a drive band.
  • frictionless drive shaft support bearings 124 are provided to reduce the friction generated. The provision of a direct drive shaft 118 in this way and frictionless bearings reduce the friction and thus reduce the torque required from the motor 122.
  • a similar arrangement of UV lamps to the UV lamps 14 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is also used in the apparatus 100 but is not shown in Fig. 3.
  • the rate at which any apparatus or reactor for treating a fluid operates to break down pollutants is preferably as high as possible.
  • a solution of methylene blue was prepared for all the experiments to simulate pollutants in water and was poured into a void 26 of the drum 12 via the hole in the end cap using an appropriate measuring container (not shown) .
  • Ti0 2 pellets described in more detail below, (or alternatively P25 Degussa) were chosen as the catalyst for all the experiments and was weighed and then emptied into the drum 12.
  • the solution and catalyst were sealed into the drum 12 by means of a plastic bung (not shown) plugging the hole in the end cap.
  • the drum 12 was then agitated manually and attached to the drive shaft 18.
  • the drum 12 was rotated for 10 seconds to ensure effective, equal distribution of the catalyst in the solution and then stopped and the first sample taken.
  • UV lamps were then activated and the light travelled through the Perspex drum 12 into its void 26 and degraded the methylene blue in the presence of the catalyst. Further samples were then taken at ten-minute increments up to the 1-hour running time for each experiment. For experiments 1- 3, the samples could be taken without having to stop the drum, however, for experiments 4-6 it was necessary to stop the rotation of the drum 12 to extract the samples.
  • the Ti0 2 pellets are prepared by the process described in US 6,660,243 and EP 1 175 259 the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the pellets have a mean grain size dso of 0.1 to 50mm, and are in each case composed of primary crystallites of titanium dioxide in the anatase modification.
  • Their primary crystallite size in accordance with the Scherrer equation, is up to 40nm and have a specific surface area determined according to the BET method of from 20 to 150m 2 /g.
  • Their pore volume is between 0.1 and 0.45cm 3 /g and their pore diameter of 100 to 30 ⁇ A.
  • the Ti0 2 is formed into pellets with the addition of water, the pellets are annealed at temperatures of 300 to 500°C, and are then impregnated in vacuo with titanium dioxide sol or 1 to 20% concentration nitric acid. Then they are dried and annealed at a temperature of 400 to 1000°C for 3 hours, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
  • the concentration of the methylene blue remaining following the experiments was determined by measuring absorbance at 664nm using an absorbance spectrometer. A high absorbance is indicative of a high level of methylene blue and thus low destruction efficacy of the reactor whereas a low absorbance is indicative of a low level of methylene blue and thus a high destruction efficacy of the reactor.
  • the experimental specifications are as follows : Methylene Blue - 250ml @ 5 x 10 ⁇ 5 mols ⁇ l Catalyst, Ti0 2 0.25 grams (0.1% weight/volume) Running Time 1 Hour Sample Time 10 min increments (starting at 0 mins)
  • the first experiment carried out involved an investigation on the variation in methylene blue destruction rate due to the variation in rotational speed of the reactor.
  • the distance between the UV lamps and the drum 112 was 4cm.
  • the resulting plot does not represent a linear function.
  • the plot would need to be converted into a second order system.
  • the methylene blue destruction rate is dependent on both methylene blue and peroxide concentrations.
  • the drum 212 shown in Fig. 4a and 4b includes an agitation means in the form of four blades 230 provided equi-spaced on the inner face of the drum 212.
  • the blades 230 extend parallel to the main longitudinal axis of the drum 212 from a first end 234 to a second end 236.
  • the blades 230 increase the agitation of fluid within the drum 212 is when it is rotated since they act as baffles against which the flow of fluid contacts and must circumvent thus increasing the mass transport.
  • Slots 232 may be provided to allow some fluid to pass through the slots or between the blades 230 and an inner face of the drum 212.
  • Fig. 5 shows a modified blade 330 which is curved at its end 348 which further increases the agitation of fluid in the drum 212 in use.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further drum 412 comprising agitation means in the form of a spiral blade 430.
  • the blade 430 extends from a first end 434 to the second end 436 of the drum 412 in a spiral or helical fashion. In such an embodiment the blade preferably turns around 90° or 180° as it extends from the first 34 to the second 36 end.
  • a plurality of smaller paddles or blade portions 540 are provided within the inner face of a drum 512.
  • the paddles 540 are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis and are also spaced apart in a helical fashion around the longitudinal axis from a first end 534 to a second end 536 of the drum 512, as shown in Figs. 7 & 8.
  • the paddles 540 also create a baffle for the fluid flow within the rotating drum 512, although they are spaced apart from each other and allow fluid to flow unhindered between them.
  • the first paddle 544 at the first end 534 is offset from the last paddle 546 at the second end 536 by 90° as shown in Fig. 8 or 180° as shown in Fig. 7.
  • each paddle 40 is spaced apart from an adjacent paddle 40 by 15° on each side and there are 4 sets of seven paddles, each set extending from the first end 534 to the second end 536 of the drum 512.
  • the spacing of the paddles 540 posed a problem in terms of placing the paddle sections at the correct increments and spacing. This was overcome by producing a template from tracing paper of the exact area of the inside of the drum 512. The positions in which the sections had to be placed were drawn onto the template. The template was then inserted into the drum 512 and fixed in place. Since the drum 512 was made from transparent Perspex, the lines of where the sections were to be place were visible from the outside and the outside of the drum 512 was then marked with non-permanent marker. The template was then removed and the sections were glued in place using Loctite (RTM) superglue. The sections were then given the appropriate time to dry and then they were individually checked, to ensure each individual section had adhered properly etc. End caps were then glued in place and left to dry. The assembled drum 512 is shown in Figure 8.
  • RTM Loctite
  • the effluent water is inserted into the drum 212, 412, 512 by any suitable means and a catalyst (not shown) is added to the water.
  • a suitable catalyst is the Ti0 2 pellets although others may be used.
  • the drum 212, 412, 512 is sealed by the use of end plates (not shown) and the drum is rotated at a suitable speed within the circumferential arrangement of ultraviolet lamps 14.
  • agitation of the fluid is caused by the movement of the agitation means, for example paddles 540, through the effluent water thereby creating turbulent flow and increasing the mass transport.
  • the agitation means for example paddles 540
  • Experiments 4-6 were performed using the drum 512 with the paddles 540 to compare the results against the drum 112 without the paddles or agitation means. The only difference between experiments 4-6 and 1-3 is that the drum 512 with paddles 540 was stopped in order to remove the samples. This was achieved in ten seconds and as it is relatively short time period, it is assumed to have negligible effect on the performance of the process.
  • Experiment 4
  • experiment specifications for experiment 4 were as follows: Methylene Blue - 250ml @ 5 x 10 "5 mols ⁇ l Catalyst, Ti0 2 - 0.25 grams (0.1% weight/volume) Running Time - 1 Hour Sample Time - 10 min increments (starting at 0 mins) Light Distance - Positioned at 4 cm from Drum Experiment 1 found that the speed of the reactor had a significant effect on the performance of the process by increasing the mass transport. In order for a significant improvement to be made to the performance of the reactor in terms initially of the power requirements, it is preferable for the destruction rate obtained from the original drum at 60 rpm, be obtained at a reduced speed.
  • the rate constant k for the Ti0 2 photocatalysis of methylene blue at 15 rpm in the drum 512 is equal to the gradient of the plot which is -0.0839 min "1 .
  • Table 7 shows all the values for the rate constant k obtained from the interpolation of the results.
  • the degradation or photocatalytic process depends considerably on the distribution of light to a large surface area of the catalyst .
  • the agitation phenomenon of the paddles 540 was such that as well as enhancing the mass transport properties, it tends to carry the solution around the drum by means of transport due to a ⁇ scoop' action of the paddles 540 as well as friction between the fluid and the drum. This in turn causes an increase in the light distribution to the catalyst surface.
  • the recorded results for destruction of pollutant as influenced by the light distance variations are given in Table 8. Other than the variation in distance between the UV lamps and the reactor 512, the same parameters were used as detailed for experiment 4.
  • the optimum light distance for this set of experiments was found to be 4 cm, which is the same distance as that used to find the optimum speed variation.
  • Table 9 lists the rate constants for all variations of light distance.
  • the drum 512 with the paddles 540 was highly successful and thus preferred embodiments of the invention include agitation means, such as paddles 540.
  • the mass transport was increased and in doing so, this enabled the speed to be lowered. This in turn reduces the power requirements of the reactor and by achieving this, it reduces the costs associated with the process.
  • the mass transport control of the process was also significantly reduced, increasing the degree of kinetic control.
  • the drum 112 without the agitation means was found to have its optimum destruction rate at 60 rpm. By measuring the voltage and current required to rotate the drum at this speed, the power and torque required from the motor can be determined.
  • the increase in performance of the drum 512 with paddles 540 over the drum 112 without paddles can be determined by interpreting the power requirements established from calculations. At 60 rpm the motor required 2.025 watts to drive the drum. At 15 rpm the motor required 0.52 watts to drive it. This is a reduction in the power required of a ratio of 3.89 : 1, or 256.7%.
  • a drum 612 (shown in Figs. 18 & 19) also comprises a plurality of paddles or blade portions 640 spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the drum 612 from a first end 634 to a second end 636 thereof but arranged in a V-shaped formation.
  • the paddles 640 function in a similar manner to the paddles 540 of the drum 512 in that they provide a baffle for the fluid flow within the drum 612 although they allow some fluid to flow between them unhindered.
  • a benefit of such an arrangement is that the catalyst is more evenly distributed within the drum 612 which maintains the catalyst under maximum illumination from the ultra- violet lights 14, compared with, for example, the drum 512 -where the catalyst tended to migrate towards one end of the drum 512 in use.
  • the apparatus 700 comprises a plurality of drums 712 which may include the internal configuration of any of the drums 212, 412, 512, 612 or the blades 330.
  • the apparatus 700 comprises uv lights (not shown) , drum support rails (not shown) , drum support plates 762 which support the drums 712 at either end, and backing plates 764 for the drum support plates 762.
  • the drum support plates 762 include locating holes 766 for the drum support rails which extend between the drum support plates 762 and provide further support to the each drum 712. Liquid transfer cavities are provided in the drum support plates 762 to transfer fluid from one drum 712 to another.
  • the uppermost drums 712a, 712d, 712g are adapted to receive fluids in an aperture (not shown) in its end which is concentric with the rotational axis thereof, and release fluid from a further aperture (not shown) in its opposite end which is not concentric with the rotational axis of the respective drum 712a, 712d, 712g.
  • a liquid transfer cavity connects said further aperture to a central aperture (not shown) in a lower drum 712b.
  • the lower drum 712b also has a non-concentric aperture at its opposite end which is in fluid communication with a concentric aperture in a lower drum 712c via a further liquid transfer cavity and so on.
  • the drum support plates 764 comprise mountings for the drum motors (not shown in Fig. 20) and drum support rail bearing races (not shown) .
  • apparatus 800 shown in Fig. 21 comprises drums 812 which may include the internal configuration of any of the drums 212, 412, 512, 612 or the blades 330.
  • the apparatus 800 comprises uv lights (not shown) , drum support rails (not shown) and fluid transfer plates 864. Further fluid transfer plates 864 may be provided for onward connection to further drums.
  • the fluid transfer plates 864 comprise a channel (not shown) which allows fluid to flow from the outlet of a first drum 812a to the inlet of a second drum 812b.
  • a further embodiment 900 is shown in Figs. 23-25 where there are three drums 912 surrounded by 8 uv lights 914.
  • a fluid transfer plate 964 transfers the fluids through each of the drums 912.
  • the reactor 900 has an internal configuration of the reactor 512, that is comprising paddles (not shown in Figs. 23-25) spaced apart in a helical formation.
  • the overall breakdown of the hydrocarbons was monitored at first by measuring the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) .
  • COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
  • Waste effluents contain both organic and inorganic compounds which directly and indirectly consume the available oxygen in its surrounding ecosystem.
  • COD is defined as the amount of specified oxidant that reacts with a sample under controlled conditions. The quantity of oxygen consumed is expressed in terms of its oxygen equivalent: mg/L of 0 2 .
  • Table 11 shows the values of COD measured from a raw sample of effluent, a sample after one run through the reactor with photocatalysis and two runs through the reactor with photocatalysis. From the results it is clear that a significant drop in COD was achieved bringing the effluent to a level where discharge would be permissible in the UK.
  • Table 13 The reduction in volatile organic hydrocarbons of three effluent samples following treatment in the photocatalytic reactor with varying loadings of Ti0 2 catalyst .
  • Certain embodiments of the invention reduce the costs of degrading pollutants compared to other methods of treatment and may also be less harmful to the environment compared with known techniques.
  • paddles 540 within the drum 512 were found to be an efficient method of achieving the required agitation. From the analysis of the experiments carried out on the drum 512, it was determined the rate of destruction of the pollutant was increased and at a lower rotational speed. This also led to a decrease in power required to drive the reactor making it more efficient to use.
  • preferred embodiments of the invention have an agitation means, such as the paddles 540.
  • the catalyst may be provided as a thin film on the inside of the drum 512.
  • the apparatus can be adapted to be a continuous operation by continually pumping in effluent water into one end of the drum and draining out the relatively clean water at another end of the drum.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un appareil permettant de traiter un fluide, et généralement de dégrader des polluants. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, l'appareil selon l'invention comprend un récipient transparent (12), qui est tourné à proximité d'une source de lumière ultraviolette (14). Le récipient contient une pluralité d'éléments malaxeurs, qui agitent un mélange composé du fluide et d'un catalyseur TiO2 granulé.
EP20040768682 2003-09-30 2004-09-29 Appareil et procede permettant de traiter un fluide au moyen d'un recipient de traitement Withdrawn EP1673309A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0322843A GB0322843D0 (en) 2003-09-30 2003-09-30 Apparatus and method for treating fluid
GB0412589A GB0412589D0 (en) 2004-06-05 2004-06-05 Apparatus and method for treating fluid
PCT/GB2004/004139 WO2005033016A1 (fr) 2003-09-30 2004-09-29 Appareil et procede permettant de traiter un fluide au moyen d'un recipient de traitement

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GB0621246D0 (en) 2006-10-25 2006-12-06 Uvps Environmental Solutions L Photocatalytic reactor
GB0711746D0 (en) * 2007-06-19 2007-07-25 Snowball Malcolm R Fluid disinfection apparatus and method
CN102515411A (zh) * 2011-11-29 2012-06-27 西安翔德生物科技有限公司 生物污水处理系统
GB2529041A (en) * 2014-08-06 2016-02-10 Greenthread Ltd Apparatus and methods for water treatment
CN107522258A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2017-12-29 大连函量科技发展有限公司 一种染料污水旋转光催化降解装置
CN110813213B (zh) * 2019-10-24 2021-10-19 深圳市国瑞光源科技有限公司 一种调节led灯距的光照反应装置

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JPH02160009A (ja) * 1988-12-14 1990-06-20 Ebara Infilco Co Ltd 濾過分離方法およびその装置
US5628895A (en) * 1995-03-08 1997-05-13 Zucholl; Klaus Closed circuit for treating drinking water with UV treatment and filtering
US6613225B1 (en) * 1998-06-12 2003-09-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Himeka Engineering Apparatus for photocatalytic reaction with and method for fixing photocatalyst
US6781137B2 (en) * 1999-03-15 2004-08-24 Malcolm Robert Snowball Fluid treatment apparatus

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