EP1670622A4 - Methode et systeme pour chauffer des billes gelees - Google Patents
Methode et systeme pour chauffer des billes geleesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1670622A4 EP1670622A4 EP04789713A EP04789713A EP1670622A4 EP 1670622 A4 EP1670622 A4 EP 1670622A4 EP 04789713 A EP04789713 A EP 04789713A EP 04789713 A EP04789713 A EP 04789713A EP 1670622 A4 EP1670622 A4 EP 1670622A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wooden
- balls
- infrared radiation
- wooden balls
- logs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
- F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L1/00—Debarking or removing vestiges of branches from trees or logs; Machines therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
- F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for heating frozen beads. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and a system for heating frozen wooden logs in order to facilitate their debarking.
- thawing logs in winter can reduce wood losses by about 2% while increasing the quality of the chips delivered to pulp and paper mills.
- this improvement represents a saving of more than half a million dollars (the amounts mentioned in this description are expressed in Canadian dollars).
- An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a method and / or a heating system which can solve some of the problems reported above of the prior art. More particularly, an object is to propose a new method for heating frozen wooden logs in winter in order to facilitate their debarking. Another object is to propose a system for implementing this method.
- the present invention relates to a method for heating frozen wooden logs in order to facilitate their debarking, each wooden ball having a longitudinal axis, a peripheral surface and a given diameter, the method being characterized in that it comprises the following steps : a) entrain frozen wooden logs along a determined route; and b) subjecting the wooden balls to infrared radiation along the path to heat said wooden balls by infrared radiation.
- step a) further comprises the step of rotating the wooden balls around their respective longitudinal axes along at least a portion of the path in order to allow the peripheral surface of each wooden ball to 'be subjected to infrared radiation.
- the present invention relates to a system for heating frozen wooden balls in order to facilitate debarking, each wooden ball having a longitudinal axis, a peripheral surface and a given diameter, the system being characterized in that it comprises: a) a conveyor for driving the frozen wooden logs along a determined route; and b) an infrared radiation surface positioned relative to the conveyor to subject the wooden balls to infrared radiation along the path and to heat said wooden balls by infrared radiation.
- the system comprises any means, apparatus and / or device for implementing the various steps and / or substeps of the method according to the present invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a lateral and rotational movement of adjacent wooden logs according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a partial schematic view of a system for heating frozen wooden balls according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wooden balls being moved by the conveyor and being subjected to infrared radiation.
- Figure 3 is a side view of a pilot of a frozen bead heating system according to the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a front view of what is illustrated in Figure 3.
- Figure 5 is a top view of what is illustrated in Figure 3.
- heating can also mean melting or sublimating the ice and the word
- infrared includes any electromagnetic radiation of a thermal nature
- the present invention is mainly designed to heat frozen wooden logs 3 in order to facilitate debarking
- the invention can be used in other fields for other applications, as is obvious to a person. versed in art.
- expressions such as “logs”, “wood”, “jellies” and / or “peeling” and any other reference and / or any other equivalent or similar expression should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention and include any other object and any other application with which the present invention may be used and may be useful.
- each wooden ball 3 normally has a longitudinal axis 5 (typically, a central axis 5), a peripheral surface 7 (external surface 7 of the ball), and a given (average) diameter.
- the method comprises two main steps, in particular step a) of driving the frozen wooden balls 3 along a determined path; and step b) subjecting the wooden balls 3 to infrared radiation 11 along the path to heat said wooden balls 3 by infrared radiation
- each of the above-mentioned steps may comprise several sub-steps depending on the applications for which the present method is used and the final results which are desired.
- step a) could include the following sub-steps: i) rotate the wooden logs 3 around their respective longitudinal axes 5 along d 'at least a portion of the path in order to allow the peripheral surface 7 of each wooden ball 3 to be subjected to infrared radiation 11; ii) placing the wooden balls 3 parallel to each other; iii) alternatively, either maintain a certain distance between the adjacent wooden balls 3, so that wooden balls 3 of different diameters can also be subjected to infrared radiation 11, and thus prevent wooden balls 3 of small diameter from being hidden by wooden balls 3 of larger diameter, or adjoin wooden balls 3 adjacent to each other, when for example these wooden balls are of similar diameter, in order to maximize the use of infrared radiation 1 1, that is to say maximize the amount of infrared radiation 11 emitted being absorbed by the wooden balls 3; iv) driving the wooden balls 3 along a horizontal plane, such as for example along a conveyor 13; v) driving the wooden balls 3 in a
- the above-mentioned step b) can also comprise several sub-steps, such as for example, as better explained below: i) subjecting the wooden balls 3 to infrared radiation 11 positioned above the horizontal plane ; ii) subjecting the wooden balls 3 to infrared radiation 11 having a wavelength between about 0.7 and 10 microns; iii) subjecting the wooden balls 3 to infrared radiation 11 having a power density determined as a function of the characteristics of the wooden balls 3 and of the flammability limitations; iv) subjecting the wooden balls 3 to infrared radiation 11 for a period determined according to the characteristics of the wooden balls 3 (eg their initial temperature, etc.); v) reflect a portion of the infrared radiation 11 not absorbed by the wooden balls 3 again towards wooden balls 3 (either the same wooden balls 3 or other wooden balls 3 having to be subjected to infrared radiation 11 ); or vi) any other suitable and desired step, as evident to a person skilled in the art.
- steps a) and b) can be intimately linked depending on the applications for which the present method is intended, as also obvious to a person skilled in the art.
- step a) could include the sub-step of sorting the wooden balls 3 according to their diameter, the wooden balls 3 whose diameter falls within a first range of diameters being entrained along d 'a first determined course, and the wooden balls 3 whose diameter falls within a second range of diameters being driven along a second determined course.
- step b) could also comprise the step of subjecting the sorted wooden balls 3 to infrared radiation 11 along each of said paths, that is to say, there could be a first system of heating by infrared radiation 11 to heat the wooden balls 3 of the first range of diameters and another infrared heating system 11 by infrared radiation 11 (or a re-routing to the first heating system after having treated the wooden balls 3 the first range of diameters) for heating the wooden balls 3 of the second range of diameters.
- the present invention also relates to a system 1 for heating frozen wooden balls 3 in order to facilitate debarking.
- the system 1 comprises a conveyor 13 for driving the frozen wooden balls along a determined path and a surface 15 of infrared radiation 11 positioned relative to the conveyor 13 for subjecting the wooden balls 3 to infrared radiation 11 along the run and heat said wooden balls 3 by infrared radiation I I.
- system 1 Since the system 1 according to the present invention is intended to implement the aforementioned method, it preferably comprises several means, apparatuses and / or devices for carrying out each of the steps and substeps described above.
- the infrared radiation 1 i preferably has a wavelength between about 0.7 and 10 microns and a power density determined according to the characteristics of the wooden balls 3 and limitations relating to inflarnability.
- the infrared radiation surface 11 can take the form of electric emitters 25, gas radiant heaters, catalytic type gas radiant heaters, or any other emitter 25 suitable for emitting infrared radiation 11 or any other radiation. adequate thermal intended to heat the wooden balls 3 according to the present invention and having the preferential characteristics mentioned in the present description.
- infrared technology This preferred technology was chosen for its simplicity and its ability to heat efficiently at a reasonable cost.
- a simple heating element is brought to high temperature, which allows it to emit so-called "infrared” radiation, not visible to the naked eye and of a thermal nature, heating the objects it " enlightened".
- Infrared equipment used in an industrial environment emits, in practice, radiation covering the range of wavelengths between about 0.7 and 10 microns. We often distinguish between “short” infrared, “medium” infrared and “long” infrared.
- Short infrared implies an emission temperature above about 2000 ° C and its spectral emission range mainly covers the range from about 0.7 to 3.0 microns.
- Medium infrared implies an emission temperature between about 700 and 1300 ° C and covers a range from about 1 to 7 microns.
- Long type infrared implies an emission temperature of about 400 to 600 ° C and mainly covers the wavelength range from about 2 to 10 microns.
- infrared heats strictly on the surface and has little or no capacity to heat deep down. Even short-type infrared, which has the capacity to penetrate certain materials, penetrates only very marginally the external surface of the bark. However, the area to be heated, the bark, is directly below the external surface of the log.
- heating by infrared radiation 11 does not consist in carrying out a complete thaw of the ball 3 but rather in preheating the surface 15.
- the outer bark, the visible part contains practically no water.
- the underlying layer, the inner bark between the outer bark and the wood contains a significant amount of water. When strongly frozen, this water increases the adhesion strength between the wood and the bark. It is therefore necessary to reheat this part if you want a good functioning of the debarker, which maximizes the sawing yield and improves the quality of the chips (by reducing the quantity of bark in the chips).
- an infrared preheating system should include a conveying system where all the balls 3 would be joined together, in order to minimize the losses of radiation between the balls 3.
- the displacement by rotation of the balls implies a movement inverse tangential between two adjacent balls, as best illustrated in Figure 1.
- the balls 3 do not all have the same diameter and holding them side by side would involve hiding small balls between two large diameter balls.
- the conveyor 13 envisaged involves chains with stops 23 for pushing each ball 3 and chains with teeth or chains with fixed or movable racks 19 to ensure their rotation. The distance between each stop is uniform along the conveyor 13 and is greater than the maximum diameter of the balls 3 entering under a plane of infrared emitters 25, as best illustrated in FIG. 2.
- a pilot comprising a conveyor 13 under infrared emitters 25 was constructed to characterize the thermal behavior of the balls 3 under various power densities of infrared ray and exposure periods , on balls 3 of different diameters and thicknesses of bark and at various initial temperatures.
- Figures 3 to 5 show the pilot with its main components.
- This pilot was used to establish operating parameters, such as the power and the time of exposure of the balls 3 to infrared radiation.
- this equipment was characterized by infrared transmitters 25 placed above a conveyor 13 allowing the movement and rotation of the balls 3; the external surface 7 of each of the balls 3 is thus completely exposed to the infrared radiation 11.
- Thermocouples have been installed at different depths inside the ball 3 in order to measure the increase in temperature. Black spruce logs frozen at temperatures of about -15 ° C to -30 ⁇ C, and of different diameters, were exposed to several levels of power density and several exposure times. These tests made it possible to know the optimal operating parameters.
- Ball 3 comprising thermocouples was placed on the conveyor 13 with two neighboring balls 3 on either side. Initially, the chains with stops 23 moved the three balls 3 under the infrared exposure zone. Once the balls 3 under the transmitters 25, the tooth chains made the balls 3 roll on themselves for a predetermined time ranging from approximately 1 to 8 minutes. Thirdly, the balls 3 were removed from the heating zone and the rotational movement continued without exposure to infrared for several minutes, the total time of exposure and non-exposure corresponding to a period of time typical between the entry of a log 3 in a sawmill and the debarking station.
- Another type of test also involved placing pieces of wood such as bark, sawdust and shavings on a metal plate under different levels of radiation power density to observe the tendency to flammability.
- Shear tests The results of the shear tests as a function of temperature have shown that the shear force decreases sharply with an increase in temperature. This decrease is particularly strong below the freezing point, and less marked near and above the freezing point. As the energy expenditure would be very great if the infrared heating system were asked to transfer all the water from the bark from the solid state to the liquid state, it therefore became obvious that it is advantageous to limit the 'temperature rise up to a few degrees below freezing. The shear forces are then not much greater than above the freezing point (the freezing point of water in wood is about 2 or 3 degrees lower than the normal temperature of pure water. , due to the presence of minerals in the water).
- the infrared heating results on the pilot confirmed the validity of the infrared technology to preheat the ball 3 and obtain an adequate temperature at the interface between the bark and the wood (ie with cambium).
- the infrared radiation 11 is strictly absorbed at the surface of the bark: the heat is transmitted more deeply, by thermal conduction through the bark.
- the surface temperature rises rapidly and the temperature gradient in the thickness of the bark is high.
- this gradient decreases sharply.
- the temperature gradient in the thickness of the bark is lower: the energy contained in the surface layer (essentially "dry bark”) has been largely transferred to the lower layers colder (“wet bark” and sapwood).
- the tests carried out tend to indicate that the energy required to raise the temperature to the desired level of temperature is substantially proportional to the diameter of the ball 3.
- One criterion to consider in this situation is the energy bill.
- a conveyor 13 adjusting the distance between the balls 3 is conceivable. The small balls 3 would then receive less energy and the overall energy bill would be minimized.
- the central zone of the conveyors 13 comprises metal plates (reflectors 21) partially reflecting the radiation which would otherwise be lost downwards.
- the reflected part is directed in part towards the balls 3, in part redirected towards the surface of the infrared emitters, which improves energy efficiency.
- These plates are placed between the chains for moving the balls and directly face the emitters 25 which overhang them: they are therefore subjected to radiation and, without the presence of balls 3, their temperature can rise.
- the wood particles found on these plates are therefore heated, on the one hand by direct contact with the metal plates, and on the other hand by radiation coming from the infrared emitters. It was under these conditions that the flammability tests were carried out. Flammability tests have shown that the power density at the infrared emitter must be below a certain given level to avoid the ignition of the various particles of wood found on the conveyor, as evident for a person versed in art.
- An infrared installation would simply consist in covering the conveyor 13 with infrared transmitters over the full width and over a length compatible with the required infrared exposure time.
- These transmitters 25 can be of different types.
- the transmitters 25 envisaged so far are of the "infrared panel” type. These panels are generally about ten centimeters thick.
- a certain distance between the level of the plane of the conveyor 13 and the emitting surface 15 must be respected, and transverse bars can ensure the protection of the surface 15 of the emitters 25 against the lifting of a ball 3.
- the height occupied by the infrared panels and by these bars would be relatively small: the vertical space available between the plane of the conveyor 13 and the ceiling of the log entry building 3 in the sawmill is more than enough.
- the installation of an infrared heating system in a conventional sawmill does not therefore pose an insurmountable problem: only the length necessary for an adequate heating time is likely to require reorganizations in the sawmill.
- the conveyors 13 used do not impose a continuous rotational movement on the balls.
- a rotational movement is preferable in order to expose the entire periphery of the ball 3 to radiation coming from the plane of the emitters 25 overhanging the balls 3. And it is advantageous to perform the rotation while by moving the balls laterally 3.
- the pilot used for the experimental tests included two chains with stops and two chains with teeth, the first to move the balls 3 laterally and the last to rotate the balls 3 on themselves without lateral movement.
- the toothed chains could be replaced by fixed racks, and the rotation would be ensured by the lateral displacement of the balls 3 on the teeth of the racks 19.
- the type of conveyor 13 may however be different. The important thing is to make sure that the balls 3 rotate on themselves and that each is not hampered in its movement by the presence of neighboring balls 3.
- the distance between each ball 3 could be dynamically adjusted in order to minimize the space between two neighboring balls 3, therefore minimize the losses of radiation passing between two balls 3 side by side. Because even if there is a reflective plate under the balls 3, it can absorb part of the infrared radiation 11 from the emitters 25 and this implies certain energy losses.
- the energy expended for the logs 3 entering the sawmill at approximately -20 ° C or at -30 ° C is substantially the same.
- the energy required is naturally less for the balls 3 entering at approximately -10 ° C., since the temperature to be obtained in the cambium is around approximately -6 ° C.
- the control parameter could be the temperature of the balls 3 at the input, read by pyrometry or direct contact, with a temperature probe, such as a thermocouple for example.
- the application of infrared to preheating the balls before debarking allows a target temperature to be obtained in a few minutes at the wood-bark interface which facilitates debarking.
- the invention therefore provides all the advantages of the hot water technique relative to the loss of wood fibers, to wear and damage to the cutting tools of debarkers and to the reduction of the presence of bark. in the shavings.
- infrared technology is probably more efficient than water heating, the hot water basins for soaking the beads often being in the open air.
- the surface of the hot water exposed to the environment involves significant heat transfers by convection and radiation and significant losses by evaporation.
- the bark detached from the ball 3 contains less water than when using hot water basins, which increases the calorific value of the bark. In the event of a recovery of the bark by combustion, this constitutes an energy advantage and eliminates the typical problems associated with the combustion of bark loaded with water.
- the present invention overcomes several problems and disadvantages of the prior art, and also offers several advantages over conventional methods and systems.
- the present invention allows: a reduction in the wood pulling of approximately 30%; an increase in sawing volume; a reduction in the wear and damage of the cutting tools, and a standardization of the pulp and paper manufacturing process (given the less seasonal variability of the bark content of the chips).
- the quality / value criterion of the product allows: an improvement in the quality of the chips (less bark and fine particles) and a improved paper quality (fewer disadvantages linked to the presence of bark particles: dirt, sclerite, printing defects at the printer).
- the present invention allows: a) cost: on average, for a northern sawmill in Quebec and over a winter season, approximately $ 0.06 / log in electricity, or approximately $ 1 per cubic meter of volume of wood and b) return on investment: approximately 2 to 3 years if only investment costs, energy costs and gains in volume of fibers and wood are taken into account; less than a year, taking into account the increase in the value of the chips or the reduction of costs in chemical products to the paper mill.
- the present invention allows: a reduction in the amount of debarking residue (less wood in the bark); elimination of the use of water in soaking tanks and spills of contaminated water; improving energy efficiency in bark-burning processes and reducing polluting emissions; and a reduction in the use of chemicals in pulp and paper mills to extract the bark particles from the pulp.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002443006A CA2443006A1 (fr) | 2003-10-03 | 2003-10-03 | Methode et systeme de chauffage par infrarouge de billes gelees en vue de faciliter l`ecorcage |
PCT/CA2004/001804 WO2005032779A2 (fr) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-10-04 | Methode et systeme pour chauffer des billes gelees |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1670622A2 EP1670622A2 (fr) | 2006-06-21 |
EP1670622A4 true EP1670622A4 (fr) | 2007-04-25 |
EP1670622B1 EP1670622B1 (fr) | 2009-02-04 |
EP1670622B8 EP1670622B8 (fr) | 2009-08-19 |
Family
ID=34398230
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04789713A Active EP1670622B8 (fr) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-10-04 | Methode et systeme pour chauffer des billes gelees |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1670622B8 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE422177T1 (fr) |
CA (2) | CA2443006A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004019341D1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005032779A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102980383A (zh) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-03-20 | 河南勃达微波设备有限责任公司 | 微波圆木干燥设备 |
CN104266470A (zh) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-07 | 南京同皓干燥设备有限公司 | 一种远红外隧道烘箱 |
SE543059C2 (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-29 | Stora Enso Oyj | Device and method of processing logs using a thermal camera |
CN113819722B (zh) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-08-16 | 杭州临安南洋木工机械有限公司 | 一种木材干燥设备 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08303958A (ja) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-22 | Yukio Ishii | 遠赤外加熱方法および装置 |
JP2003094406A (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-03 | Tsutomu Kakei | 木材の乾燥方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU1274927A1 (ru) * | 1985-06-28 | 1986-12-07 | Центральный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Конструкторский Институт Механизации И Энергетики Лесной Промышленности | Устройство дл размораживани круглых лесоматериалов |
US5263522A (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 1993-11-23 | Sasko Jeffry P | Apparatus for removing bark from whole logs |
-
2003
- 2003-10-03 CA CA002443006A patent/CA2443006A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-10-04 EP EP04789713A patent/EP1670622B8/fr active Active
- 2004-10-04 WO PCT/CA2004/001804 patent/WO2005032779A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-10-04 CA CA2540477A patent/CA2540477C/fr active Active
- 2004-10-04 AT AT04789713T patent/ATE422177T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-04 DE DE602004019341T patent/DE602004019341D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08303958A (ja) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-22 | Yukio Ishii | 遠赤外加熱方法および装置 |
JP2003094406A (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-03 | Tsutomu Kakei | 木材の乾燥方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2005032779A2 (fr) | 2005-04-14 |
EP1670622B8 (fr) | 2009-08-19 |
CA2540477C (fr) | 2011-09-13 |
ATE422177T1 (de) | 2009-02-15 |
CA2540477A1 (fr) | 2005-04-14 |
WO2005032779A3 (fr) | 2005-06-30 |
EP1670622B1 (fr) | 2009-02-04 |
EP1670622A2 (fr) | 2006-06-21 |
CA2443006A1 (fr) | 2005-04-03 |
DE602004019341D1 (de) | 2009-03-19 |
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